Identify The Components of A Desktop Computer PDF

IUBAT – International University of Business Agriculture and Technology
CSC 348 – Ex. 1 : Identify the components of a desktop computer
A computer is an electronic device which is capable of receiving information (data) in a

particular form and of performing a sequence of operations in accordance with a
predetermined but variable set of procedural instructions (program) to produce a result in
the form of information or signals. Figure 1.1 shows the block diagram of a computer.
Input Processing Output
Input Unit Storage Output Unit
Control Unit
Arithmetic Logic
Unit (ALU)
Figure 1.1 Block diagram of a computer
Computer uses many electronic components which run on Direct Current (DC) such as
integrated circuits, capacitors, transistors, resistors, buses, printed circuit boards, and so
on.
Computer is digital means it process the data stores the data in the form of binary digits (0,
1) which are represented in the form of electric voltages 0 = - negative current and 1 = +
positive voltages.
Input is done through input devices such as keyboard, mouse, scanner, and so on. Output is
produced through output devices such as monitor, printer, projector, and so on.
Processing is done mainly by processor and also, there are many supporting components
for processor to execute the work.
Storage of data and information is done on storage devices or memories like hard disk
drive (HDD), compact disc (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD), and flash drives permanently.
1
Other memories used by processing unit are random access memory (RAM), read only
memory (ROM), and cache. These types of memories store the data temporarily during
execution or processing.
Supercomputers, mainframe computers, desktop computers, laptop and tablet computers,
and personal digital assistance (PDA) are the types of computer.
Components of a Personal Computer (PC):

When an end user seats in front of a desktop computer, he/she can see the various
components such as keyboard, mouse, microphone, speaker, monitor, computer/system
unit, and so on. Figure 1.2 shows outlook of a typical desktop computer.
Figure 1.2 Components of personal computer
System Case:
The purpose of system case or personal computer (PC) case is to hold all the basic
components, to protect those components from dust and dirt, to cool the components, and
to provide noise reduction. PC case typically comes with a power supply, cable
management systems and mounting locations for the motherboard, drives and other
internal components. Figure 1 shows most common PC tower cases.
2
Case form-factors: Form factors refer to physical dimensions (length and width). PC
case comes in form-factors to match motherboard form-factors such as ATX, BTX.
Case categories: The most common system case type is the tower. Depending on the
specific number of internal drive bays and the height of the tower, these cases can be
further classified into mini-size, mid-size and full-size tower cases. One of the biggest
considerations when choosing between case sizes is the number of slots and the number
of devices we would like to add to those cases.
Full-tower cases are generally big with a height that is about or more than 30 inches
(more than 76 cm). The number of internal drive bays inside these cases can be between
6 and 10.
Figure 1.3 Common PC tower cases
Mid-tower cases are the most widely used computer cases. Mid Tower cases are about
18 to 24 (45 to 60 cm) inches high and they usually contain 2 to 4 internal drive bays
and a similar number of external bays (for CD/DVD readers and similar).
Mini-tower usually have up to 2 or sometimes 3 internal drive bays. Mini-cases normally
stand at a height of 12 to 18 inches (30 to 45 cm). Expandability is a problem with these
cases.
Slim line cases are simply tower cases turned on their sideways. They can hold a
monitor on top of the case.
3
In the inside of a computer, there are various types of physical components are available.
Among these components; processor, memory, and input/output (I/O) devices are the
three main components of a computer. Figure 1.4 shows the three main components of a
computer. Processor is responsible for handling all instructions it receives from hardware
and software running on the computer i.e., it does all computation/work for the computer.
Memory is the part of the computer that stores data and programs. Main memory, and
secondary memory are the two types of memory. Input devices allow us to enter data into
the computer, and output devices have the ability to read/see/use what the computer is
doing.
(a) Processor (b) Memory (C) I/O devices
Figure 1.4 Three main components of a computer
Figure 1.5 Do you recognize these components inside your PC?

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IUBAT – International University of Business Agriculture and Technology

CSC 348 – Ex. 1 : Identify the components of a desktop computer

A computer is an electronic device which is capable of receiving information (data) in a

Input Processing Output

Input Unit Storage Output Unit

Figure 1.1 Block diagram of a computer

Components of a Personal Computer (PC):

Figure 1.2 Components of personal computer

Figure 1.3 Common PC tower cases

(a) Processor (b) Memory (C) I/O devices

Figure 1.4 Three main components of a computer

Figure 1.5 Do you recognize these components inside your PC?

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