Excel Built-In Function Categories:

Text Functions
Information Functions
Lookup and Reference Functions
Statistical Functions
Financial Functions
Cube Functions
Excel Text Functions
Functions to Remove Extra Characters
CLEAN Removes all non-printable characters from a supplied text string

TRIM Removes duplicate spaces, and spaces at the start and end of a text string

Functions to Convert Excel Data Types

BAHTTEXT Converts a number, plus the suffix "Baht" into Thai text

DOLLAR Converts a supplied number into text, using a currency format

Rounds a supplied number to a specified number of decimal places, and then

FIXED converts this into text
TEXT Converts a supplied value into text, using a user-specified format

VALUE Converts a text string into a numeric value

NUMBERVALUE Converts text to a number, in a locale-independent way (New in Excel 2013)

Functions to Convert Between Upper & Lower Case

LOWER Converts all characters in a supplied text string to lower case

Converts all characters in a supplied text string to proper case (i.e. letters that
PROPER do not follow another letter are upper case and all other characters are lower
case)
UPPER Converts all characters in a supplied text string to upper case
Replacing / Substituting Parts of a Text String
Replaces all or part of a text string with another string (from a user supplied
REPLACE position)
Substitutes all occurrences of a search text string, within an original text string,
SUBSTITUTE with the supplied replacement text

Excel Logical Functions

Boolean Operator Functions
 Tests a number of user-defined conditions and returns TRUE if ALL of the
AND conditions evaluate to TRUE, or FALSE otherwise

Tests a number of user-defined conditions and returns TRUE if ANY of the

OR conditions evaluate to TRUE, or FALSE otherwise

XOR Returns a logical Exclusive Or of all arguments (New in Excel 2013)

Returns a logical value that is the opposite of a user supplied logical value or
expression
NOT
(ie. returns FALSE is the supplied argument is TRUE and returns TRUE if the
supplied argument is FALSE)

Excel Information Functions

Error Information Functions
Tests if an initial supplied value (or expression) returns an error and if so,
ISERROR returns TRUE; Otherwise returns FALSE

Tests if an initial supplied value (or expression) returns an error (EXCEPT for the
ISERR #N/A error) and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise returns FALSE

Tests if an initial supplied value (or expression) returns the Excel #N/A error and
ISNA if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise returns FALSE
Tests a supplied value and returns an integer relating to the supplied value's
ERROR.TYPE error type

Numerical Information Functions

Tests if a supplied value is a number, and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise, returns
ISNUMBER FALSE.
Tests if a supplied number (or expression) is an even number, and if so, returns
ISEVEN TRUE; Otherwise, returns FALSE.
Tests if a supplied number (or expression) is an odd number, and if so, returns
ISODD TRUE; Otherwise, returns FALSE.
Converts a non-number value to a number, a date to a serial number, the logical
N value TRUE to 1 and all other values to 0.

Function Returning a Constant Value

NA Returns the Excel #N/A error

Excel Date and Time Functions

Before using the Date and Time Excel Functions, it is advised that you ensure you have a clear understanding of the way Excel s
Creating Dates & Times

DATE Returns a date, from a user-supplied year, month and day

TIME Returns a time, from a user-supplied hour, minute and second

Converts a text string showing a date, to an integer that represents the date in
DATEVALUE Excel's date-time code

Converts a text string showing a time, to a decimal that represents the time in
TIMEVALUE Excel

Current Date & Time

NOW Returns the current date & time

TODAY Returns today's date

Extracting The Components of a Time

HOUR Returns the hour part of a user-supplied time

MINUTE Returns the minute part of a user-supplied time

SECOND Returns the seconds part of a user-supplied time
Extracting The Components of a Date
DAY Returns the day (of the month) from a user-supplied date
MONTH Returns the month from a user-supplied date
YEAR Returns the year from a user-supplied date
Returns an integer representing the week number (from 1 to 53) of the year
WEEKNUM from a user-supplied date

ISOWEEKNUM Returns the ISO week number of the year for a given date (New in Excel 2013)

WEEKDAY Returns an integer representing the day of the week for a supplied date

Excel Lookup and Reference Functions

Data Lookup Functions
Looks up a supplied value in the first row of a table, and returns the
HLOOKUP corresponding value from another row
Looks up a supplied value in the first column of a table, and returns the
VLOOKUP corresponding value from another column
Searches for a specific value in one data vector, and returns a value from the
LOOKUP corresponding position of a second data vector

GETPIVOTDATA Extracts data stored in a Pivot Table

 Returns one of a list of values, depending on the value of a supplied index
CHOOSE number
MATCH Finds the relative position of a value in a supplied array

Row / Column / Area Information

ROW Returns the row number of a supplied range, or of the current cell

COLUMN Returns the column number of a supplied range, or of the current cell
ROWS Returns the number of rows in a supplied range
COLUMNS Returns the number of columns in a supplied range
AREAS Returns the number of areas in a supplied range

Excel Math and Trig Functions

Basic Numeric Information
ABS Returns the absolute value (ie. the modulus) of a supplied number

SIGN Returns the sign (+1, -1 or 0) of a supplied number

GCD Returns the Greatest Common Divisor of two or more supplied numbers

LCM Returns the Least Common Multiple of two or more supplied numbers

Basic Mathematical Operations

SUM Returns the sum of a supplied list of numbers

PRODUCT Returns the product of a supplied list of numbers

POWER Returns the result of a given number raised to a supplied power

SQRT Returns the positive square root of a given number

QUOTIENT Returns the integer portion of a division between two supplied numbers

MOD Returns the remainder from a division between two supplied numbers
Performs a specified calculation (eg. the sum, product, average, etc.) for a list or
AGGREGATE database, with the option to ignore hidden rows and error values (New in Excel
2010)
Performs a specified calculation (eg. the sum, product, average, etc.) for a
SUBTOTAL supplied set of values
Rounding Functions
Rounds a number away from zero (ie. rounds a positive number up and a
CEILING negative number down), to a multiple of significance

CEILING.PRECISE Rounds a number up, regardless of the sign of the number, to a multiple of
significance (New in Excel 2010)
Rounds a number up, regardless of the sign of the number, to a multiple of
ISO.CEILING significance. (New in Excel 2010)
 Rounds a number up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of
CEILING.MATH significance (New in Excel 2013)
Rounds a number away from zero (ie. rounds a positive number up and a
EVEN negative number down), to the next even number
Rounds a number towards zero, (ie. rounds a positive number down and a
FLOOR negative number up), to a multiple of significance
Rounds a number down, regardless of the sign of the number, to a multiple of
FLOOR.PRECISE significance (New in Excel 2010)
Rounds a number down, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of
FLOOR.MATH significance (New in Excel 2013)
INT Rounds a number down to the next integer
MROUND Rounds a number up or down, to the nearest multiple of significance
Rounds a number away from zero (ie. rounds a positive number up and a
ODD negative number down), to the next odd number
ROUND Rounds a number up or down, to a given number of digits
Rounds a number towards zero, (ie. rounds a positive number down and a
ROUNDDOWN negative number up), to a given number of digits
Rounds a number away from zero (ie. rounds a positive number up and a
ROUNDUP negative number down), to a given number of digits
Truncates a number towards zero (ie. rounds a positive number down and a
TRUNC negative number up), to the next integer.
Matrix Functions
MDETERM Returns the matrix determinant of a supplied array
MINVERSE Returns the matrix inverse of a supplied array
MMULT Returns the matrix product of two supplied arrays
MUNIT Returns the unit matrix for a specified dimension (New in Excel 2013)
Random Numbers
RAND Returns a random number between 0 and 1
RANDBETWEEN Returns a random number between two given integers
Excel Statistical Functions
Count & Frequency

COUNT Returns the number of numerical values in a supplied set of cells or values

COUNTA Returns the number of non-blanks in a supplied set of cells or values

COUNTBLANK Returns the number of blank cells in a supplied range

COUNTIF Returns the number of cells (of a supplied range), that satisfy a given criteria

Returns the number of cells (of a supplied range), that satisfy a set of given
COUNTIFS criteria (New in Excel 2007)
Returns an array showing the number of values from a supplied array, which fall
FREQUENCY into specified ranges

Finding the Largest & Smallest Values

MAX Returns the largest value from a list of supplied numbers

Returns the largest value from a list of supplied values, counting text and the
MAXA logical value FALSE as the value 0 and counting the logical value TRUE as the
value 1

MIN Returns the smallest value from a list of supplied numbers

Returns the smallest value from a list of supplied values, counting text and the
MINA logical value FALSE as the value 0 and counting the logical value TRUE as the
value 1
Returns the Kth LARGEST value from a list of supplied numbers, for a given
LARGE value K
Returns the Kth SMALLEST value from a list of supplied numbers, for a given
SMALL value K

Percentiles, Quartiles & Rank

Returns the K'th percentile of values in a supplied range, where K is in the range
PERCENTILE 0 - 1 (inclusive) (Replaced by PERCENTILE.INC function in Excel 2010)

Returns the K'th percentile of values in a supplied range, where K is in the range
PERCENTILE.INC 0 - 1 (inclusive) (New in Excel 2010 - replaces PERCENTILE function)
 Returns the K'th percentile of values in a supplied range, where K is in the range
PERCENTILE.EXC 0 - 1 (exclusive) (New in Excel 2010)

Returns the specified quartile of a set of supplied numbers, based on percentile

QUARTILE value 0 - 1 (inclusive) (Replaced by QUARTILE.INC function in Excel 2010)

Returns the specified quartile of a set of supplied numbers, based on percentile

QUARTILE.INC value 0 - 1 (inclusive) (New in Excel 2010 - replaces QUARTILE function)

Returns the specified quartile of a set of supplied numbers, based on percentile

QUARTILE.EXC value 0 - 1 (exclusive) (New in Excel 2010)
Returns the statistical rank of a given value, within a supplied array of values
RANK (Replaced by RANK.EQ function in Excel 2010)
Returns the Mode (the most frequently occurring value) of a list of supplied
RANK.EQ numbers (if more than one value has same rank, the top rank of that set is
returned) (New in Excel 2010 - replaces RANK function)

Returns the statistical rank of a given value, within a supplied array of values (if
RANK.AVG more than one value has same rank, the average rank is returned) (New in Excel
2010)
Returns the rank of a value in a data set, as a percentage (0 - 1 inclusive)
PERCENTRANK (Replaced by PERCENTRANK.INC function in Excel 2010)

PERCENTRANK.INCReturns the rank of a value in a data set, as a percentage (0 - 1 inclusive) (New

in Excel 2010 - replaces PERCENTRANK function)

PERCENTRANK.EXCReturns the rank of a value in a data set, as a percentage (0 - 1 exclusive) (New

in Excel 2010)

Averages

AVERAGE Returns the Average of a list of supplied numbers

Returns the Average of a list of supplied numbers, counting text and the logical
AVERAGEA value FALSE as the value 0 and counting the logical value TRUE as the value 1

Calculates the Average of the cells in a supplied range, that satisfy a given
AVERAGEIF criteria (New in Excel 2007)
Calculates the Average of the cells in a supplied range, that satisfy multiple
AVERAGEIFS criteria (New in Excel 2007)

MEDIAN Returns the Median (the middle value) of a list of supplied numbers

Returns the Mode (the most frequently occurring value) of a list of supplied
MODE numbers (Replaced by MODE.SNGL function in Excel 2010)
Returns the Mode (the most frequently occurring value) of a list of supplied
MODE.SNGL numbers (New in Excel 2010 - replaces MODE function)
Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring values in an array or
MODE.MULT range of data (New in Excel 2010)

GEOMEAN Returns the geometric mean of a set of supplied numbers

HARMEAN Returns the harmonic mean of a set of supplied numbers

TRIMMEAN Returns the mean of the interior of a supplied set of values

Deviation & Variance

AVEDEV Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean

Returns the sum of the squares of the deviations of a set of data points from
DEVSQ their sample mean

Returns the standard deviation of a supplied set of values (which represent a

STDEV sample of a population) (Replaced by STDEV.S function in Excel 2010)

Returns the standard deviation of a supplied set of values (which represent a

STDEV.S sample of a population) (New in Excel 2010 - replaces STDEV function)

Returns the standard deviation of a supplied set of values (which represent a

STDEVA sample of a population), counting text and the logical value FALSE as the value
0 and counting the logical value TRUE as the value 1

Returns the standard deviation of a supplied set of values (which represent an

STDEVP entire population) (Replaced by STDEV.P function in Excel 2010)

Returns the standard deviation of a supplied set of values (which represent an

STDEV.P entire population) (New in Excel 2010 - replaces STDEVP function)

Returns the standard deviation of a supplied set of values (which represent an

STDEVPA entire population), counting text and the logical value FALSE as the value 0 and
counting the logical value TRUE as the value 1
Returns the variance of a supplied set of values (which represent a sample of a
VAR population) (Replaced by VAR.S function in Excel 2010)
Returns the variance of a supplied set of values (which represent a sample of a
VAR.S population) (New in Excel 2010 - replaces VAR function)
Returns the variance of a supplied set of values (which represent a sample of a
VARA population), counting text and the logical value FALSE as the value 0 and
counting the logical value TRUE as the value 1
Returns the variance of a supplied set of values (which represent an entire
VARP population) (Replaced by VAR.P function in Excel 2010)
Returns the variance of a supplied set of values (which represent an entire
VAR.P population) (New in Excel 2010 - replaces VARP function)
Returns the variance of a supplied set of values (which represent an entire
VARPA population), counting text and the logical value FALSE as the value 0 and
counting the logical value TRUE as the value 1
 Returns population covariance (ie. the average of the products of deviations for
COVAR each pair within two supplied data sets) (Replaced by COVARIANCE.P function
in Excel 2010)

Returns population covariance (ie. the average of the products of deviations for
COVARIANCE.P each pair within two supplied data sets) (New in Excel 2010 - replaces COVAR
function)

Returns sample covariance (ie. the average of the products of deviations for
COVARIANCE.S each pair within two supplied data sets) (New in Excel 2010)

Confidence Intervals

CONFIDENCE Returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a normal
distribution (Replaced by CONFIDENCE.NORM function in Excel 2010)
Returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a normal
CONFIDENCE.NORM
distribution (New in Excel 2010 - replaces CONFIDENCE function)
Returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a Student's t
CONFIDENCE.T distribution (New in Excel 2010)

Trend Line Functions

Predicts a future point on a linear trend line fitted to a supplied set of x- and y-
FORECAST values

Calculates the best fit regression line, through a supplied series of x- and y-
INTERCEPT values and returns the value at which this line intercepts the y-axis

Returns statistical information describing the trend of the line of best fit,
LINEST through a supplied series of x- and y- values
Returns the slope of the linear regression line through a supplied series of x-
SLOPE and y- values
Calculates the trend line through a given set of y-values and returns additional
TREND y-values for a supplied set of new x-values
Returns numbers in a exponential growth trend, based on a set of supplied x-
GROWTH and y- values
Returns the parameters of an exponential trend for a supplied set of x- and y-
LOGEST values
Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression
STEYX line for a set of supplied x- and y- values

Permutations

PERMUT Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects

Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects (with

PERMUTATIONA repetitions) that can be selected from the total objects (New in Excel 2013)
Excel Database Functions
Database Functions
Calculates the average of values in a field of a list or database, that satisfy
DAVERAGE specified conditions
Returns the number of cells containing numbers in a field of a list or database
DCOUNT that satisfy specified conditions
Returns the number of non-blank cells in a field of a list or database, that satisfy
DCOUNTA specified conditions
Returns a single value from a field of a list or database, that satisfy specified
DGET conditions
Returns the maximum value from a field of a list or database, that satisfy
DMAX specified conditions
Returns the minimum value from a field of a list or database, that satisfy
DMIN specified conditions

Excel Financial Functions

Investment Value Functions
Calculates the future value of an investment with periodic constant payments
FV
and a constant interest rate
Calculates the future value of an initial principal, after applying a series of
FVSCHEDULE compound interest rates
Calculates the net present value of an investment, based on a supplied discount
NPV rate, and a series of future payments and income
Calculates the present value of an investment (ie. the total amount that a series
PV of future payments is worth now)

RECEIVED Calculates the amount received at maturity for a fully invested Security

XNPV Calculates the net present value for a schedule of cash flows

Price Functions
DISC Calculates the discount rate for a security

PRICE Calculates the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest
PRICEDISC Calculates the price per $100 face value of a discounted security
Calculates the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at
PRICEMAT maturity

ODDFPRICE Calculates the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period

ODDLPRICE Calculates the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period

TBILLPRICE Calculates the price per $100 face value for a treasury bill

Internal Rate of Return Functions

IRR Calculates the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows
Calculates the internal rate of return for a series of periodic cash flows,
MIRR considering the cost of the investment and the interest on the reinvestment of
cash
XIRR Calculates the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows
Asset Depreciation Functions
Calculates the prorated linear depreciation of an asset for each accounting
AMORDEGRC period (with depreciation coefficient applied, depending on the life of the
asset)
Calculates the prorated linear depreciation of an asset for each accounting
AMORLINC period
Calculates the depreciation of an asset for a specified period, using the fixed-
DB declining balance method

Calculates the depreciation of an asset for a specified period, using the double-
DDB declining balance method, or some other user-specified method

SLN Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period

SYD Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period

Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period, (including partial

VDB periods), using the double-declining balance method or another user-specified
method
Dollar Conversion
Converts a dollar price expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price expressed as a
DOLLARDE decimal
Converts a dollar price expressed as a decimal, into a dollar price expressed as a
DOLLARFR fraction
Excel Engineering Functions
Converting Between Units of Measurement
CONVERT Converts a number from one measurement system to another
Bessel Functions
BESSELI Calculates the modified Bessel function In(x)

BESSELJ Calculates the Bessel function Jn(x)

BESSELK Calculates the modified Bessel function Kn(x)

BESSELY Calculates the modified Bessel function Yn(x)

Converting Between Bases

BIN2DEC Converts a binary number to a decimal

BIN2HEX Converts a binary number to hexadecimal

BIN2OCT Converts a binary number to octal

DEC2BIN Converts a decimal number to binary

DEC2HEX Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal

DEC2OCT Converts a decimal number to octal

HEX2BIN Converts a hexadecimal number to binary

HEX2DEC Converts a hexadecimal number to a decimal
HEX2OCT Converts a hexadecimal number to octal
OCT2BIN Converts octal number to binary
OCT2DEC Converts octal number to a decimal
OCT2HEX Converts octal number to hexadecimal
The Error Function
ERF Returns the error function integrated between two supplied limits
Returns the error function integrated between 0 and a supplied limit (New in
ERF.PRECISE Excel 2010)
Returns the complementary error function integrated between a supplied lower
ERFC limit and infinity
Returns the complementary error function integrated between a supplied lower
ERFC.PRECISE limit and infinity (New in Excel 2010)
Bitwise Functions
BITAND Returns a Bitwise 'And' of two numbers (New in Excel 2013)
BITOR Returns a Bitwise 'Or' of two numbers (New in Excel 2013)
BITXOR Returns a Bitwise 'Exclusive Or' of two numbers (New in Excel 2013)

BITLSHIFT Returns a number shifted left by a specified number of bits (New in Excel 2013)

Returns a number shifted right by a specified number of bits (New in Excel

BITRSHIFT 2013)
Excel Cube Functions
The Excel Cube functions perform calculations and extract data from a cube, which is stored on an external SQL server. These f

Cube Functions

CUBEKPIMEMBER Returns a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) property and displays the KPI name
in the cell (New in Excel 2007)

CUBEMEMBER Returns a member or tuple from the cube (New in Excel 2007)

CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY
Returns the value of a member property from the cube (New in Excel 2007)

CUBERANKEDMEMBER
Returns the nth, or ranked, member in a set (New in Excel 2007)

Excel Web Functions

Web Functions

ENCODEURL Returns a URL-encoded string (New in Excel 2013)

FILTERXML Returns data from XML content, using a specified XPath (New in Excel 2013)

Excel Operators
Although the Excel Operators are not, strictly speaking, Excel Functions, they are frequently used with Excel Functions and as a

Excel Mathematical Operators - used to perform basic Mathematical

operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and
raising to a power,

Excel Operators
or

the & Excel Operator is used to concatenate text strings

Built-In Function Categories:
Logical Functions
Date and Time Functions
Math and Trig Functions
Database Functions
Engineering Functions
Web Functions

Cutting Up & Piecing Together Text Strings

CONCATENATE Joins together two or more text strings

LEFT Returns a specified number of characters from the start of a supplied text string

Returns a specified number of characters from the middle of a supplied text

MID string

RIGHT Returns a specified number of characters from the end of a supplied text string

Returns a string consisting of a supplied text string, repeated a specified number

REPT of times

Information Functions

LEN Returns the length of a supplied text string

Returns the position of a supplied character or text string from within a supplied
FIND text string (case-sensitive)
Returns the position of a supplied character or text string from within a supplied
SEARCH text string (non-case-sensitive)
Tests if two supplied text strings are exactly the same and if so, returns TRUE;
EXACT Otherwise, returns FALSE. (case-sensitive)
Tests whether a supplied value is text and if so, returns the supplied text; If not,
T returns an empty text string.

Converting Between Characters & Numeric Codes

CHAR Returns the character that corresponds to a supplied numeric value

CODE Returns the numeric code for the first character of a supplied string
Returns the Unicode character that is referenced by the given numeric value
UNICHAR (New in Excel 2013)
Returns the number (code point) corresponding to the first character of a
UNICODE supplied text string (New in Excel 2013)

Conditional Functions
 Tests a user-defined condition and returns one result if the condition is TRUE,
IF and another result if the condition is FALSE
Tests if an initial supplied value (or expression) returns an error, and if so,
IFERROR returns a supplied value; Otherwise the function returns the initial value. (New
in Excel 2007)

Tests if an expression returns the #N/A error and if so, returns an alternative
IFNA specified value; Otherwise the function returns the value of the supplied
expression (New in Excel 2013)

Functions Returning Constant Values

1 Simply returns the logical value TRUE

0 Simply returns the logical value FALSE

Other Data Type Functions

Tests if a supplied cell is blank (empty), and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise,
ISBLANK returns FALSE

Tests if a supplied value is a logical value, and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise,
ISLOGICAL returns FALSE

Tests if a supplied value is text, and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise, returns
ISTEXT FALSE
Tests if a supplied value is text, and if it is NOT, returns TRUE; Otherwise, returns
ISNONTEXT FALSE
Tests if a supplied value is a reference, and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise,
ISREF returns FALSE
Tests if a supplied cell contains a formula and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise,
ISFORMULA returns FALSE (New in Excel 2013)

TYPE Returns information about the data type of a supplied value

General Information Functions

CELL Returns information about the contents, formatting or location of a given cell

SHEET Returns the sheet number relating to a supplied reference (New in Excel 2013)

SHEETS Returns the number of sheets in a reference (New in Excel 2013)

INFO Returns information about the the current operating environment

a clear understanding of the way Excel stores Dates and Times - For details, see the Excel Dates and Times pages.
Performing Calculations with Dates
Returns a date that is the specified number of months before or after an initial
EDATE supplied start date
Returns a date that is the last day of the month which is a specified number of
EOMONTH months before or after an initial supplied start date
Returns a date that is a supplied number of working days (excluding weekends
WORKDAY & holidays) ahead of a given start date
Returns a date that is a supplied number of working days (excluding weekends
WORKDAY.INTL & holidays) ahead of a given start date, using supplied parameters to specify
weekend days (New in Excel 2010)
DAYS Calculates the number of days between 2 dates (New in Excel 2013)
Calculates the number of days between 2 dates, based on a 360-day year (12 x
DAYS360 30 months)

NETWORKDAYS Returns the number of whole networkdays (excluding weekends & holidays),
between two supplied dates
Returns the number of whole networkdays (excluding weekends & holidays),
NETWORKDAYS.INTLbetween two supplied dates, using parameters to specify weekend days (New in
Excel 2010)
Calculates the fraction of the year represented by the number of whole days
YEARFRAC between two dates

Functions To Return References to Cell Ranges

ADDRESS Returns a reference, in text format, for a supplied row and column number

Returns a reference to a cell (or range of cells) for requested rows and columns
INDEX within a supplied range

INDIRECT Returns a cell or range reference that is represented by a supplied text string

Returns a reference to a range of cells that is a specified number of rows and

OFFSET columns from an initial supplied range
Other

HYPERLINK Creates a hyperlink to a document in a supplied location.

Performs a transpose transformation on a range of cells (ie. transforms a
TRANSPOSE horizontal range of cells into a vertical range and vice versa)

RTD Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation

FORMULATEXT Returns a formula as a string (New in Excel 2013)

Conditional Sums
SUMIF Adds the cells in a supplied range, that satisfy a given criteria
Adds the cells in a supplied range, that satisfy multiple criteria (New in Excel
SUMIFS 2007)

Advanced Mathematical Operations

Returns the sum of the products of corresponding values in two or more

SUMPRODUCT supplied arrays
SUMSQ Returns the sum of the squares of a supplied list of numbers
Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two
SUMX2MY2 supplied arrays
Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two supplied
SUMX2PY2 arrays
Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two
SUMXMY2 supplied arrays
SERIESSUM Returns the sum of a power series

Trigonometry Functions

PI Returns the constant value of pi

SQRTPI Returns the square root of a supplied number multiplied by pi

DEGREES Converts Radians to Degrees

RADIANS Converts Degrees to Radians

COS Returns the Cosine of a given angle

ACOS Returns the Arccosine of a number

COSH Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number

ACOSH Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number

SEC Returns the secant of an angle (New in Excel 2013)

SECH Returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle (New in Excel 2013)

SIN Returns the Sine of a given angle

ASIN Returns the Arcsine of a number

SINH Returns the Hyperbolic Sine of a number

ASINH Returns the Inverse Hyperbolic Sine of a number

CSC Returns the cosecant of an angle (New in Excel 2013)

CSCH Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle (New in Excel 2013)

TAN Returns the Tangent of a given angle

ATAN Returns the Arctangent of a given number

ATAN2 Returns the Arctangent of a given pair of x and y coordinates

TANH Returns the Hyperbolic Tangent of a given number

ATANH Returns the Inverse Hyperbolic Tangent of a given number
COT Returns the cotangent of an angle (New in Excel 2013)
COTH Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of an angle (New in Excel 2013)
ACOT Returns the arccotangent of a number (New in Excel 2013)
ACOTH Returns the hyperbolic arccotangent of a number (New in Excel 2013)
Exponents & Logarithms
EXP Returns e raised to a given power
LN Returns the natural logarithm of a given number
LOG Returns the logarithm of a given number, to a specified base
LOG10 Returns the base 10 logarithm of a given number
Factorials
FACT Returns the Factorial of a given number
FACTDOUBLE Returns the Double Factorial of a given number
MULTINOMIAL Returns the Multinomial of a given set of numbers
Miscellaneous
Converts a number into a text representation, with the supplied base (New in
BASE Excel 2013)
Converts a text representation of a number in a specified base into a decimal
DECIMAL number (New in Excel 2013)
Returns the number of combinations (without repititions) for a given number of
COMBIN objects
Returns the number of combinations (with repetitions) for a given number of
COMBINA items (New in Excel 2013)
ARABIC Converts a Roman numeral to an Arabic numeral (New in Excel 2013)
ROMAN Returns a text string depicting the roman numeral for a given number

Distribution & Tests of Probability

Returns the cumulative beta probability density function (Replaced by
BETADIST BETA.DIST function in Excel 2010)

Returns the cumulative beta distribution function or the beta probability

BETA.DIST density function (New in Excel 2010 - replaces BETADIST function)

Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta probability density function

BETAINV (Replaced by BETA.INV function in Excel 2010)
Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta probability density function (New in
BETA.INV Excel 2010 - replaces BETAINV function)
Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability (Replaced by
BINOMDIST BINOM.DIST function in Excel 2010)
Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability (New in Excel 2010
BINOM.DIST - replaces BINOMDIST function)

BINOM.DIST.RANGE Returns the probability of a trial result using a binomial distribution (New in
Excel 2013)
Returns the negative binomial distribution (Replaced by NEGBINOM.DIST
NEGBINOMDIST function in Excel 2010)

Returns the negative binomial distribution (New in Excel 2010 - replaces

NEGBINOM.DIST NEGBINOMDIST function)

Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is
CRITBINOM greater than or equal to a criterion value (Replaced by BINOM.INV function in
Excel 2010)

Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is
BINOM.INV greater than or equal to a criterion value (New in Excel 2010 - replaces
CRITBINOM function)
Returns the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution (Replaced by
CHIDIST CHISQ.DIST.RT function in Excel 2010)
Returns the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution (New in Excel
CHISQ.DIST.RT 2010 - replaces CHIDIST function)
Returns the chi-squared distribution (probability density or cumulative
CHISQ.DIST distribution function) (New in Excel 2010)

Returns the inverse of the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

CHIINV (Replaced by CHISQ.INV.RT function in Excel 2010)

Returns the inverse of the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

CHISQ.INV.RT (New in Excel 2010 - replaces CHIINV function)
 Returns the inverse of the left-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHISQ.INV (New in Excel 2010)

Returns the chi-squared statistical test for independence (Replaced by

CHITEST CHISQ.TEST function in Excel 2010)

Returns the chi-squared statistical test for independence (New in Excel 2010 -
CHISQ.TEST replaces CHITEST function)

CORREL Returns the correlation coefficient between two sets of values

Returns the exponential distribution (Replaced by EXPON.DIST function in Excel

EXPONDIST 2010)

Returns the exponential distribution (New in Excel 2010 - replaces EXPONDIST

EXPON.DIST function)

Returns the right-tailed F probability distribution for two data sets (Replaced by
FDIST F.DIST.RT function in Excel 2010)

Returns the right-tailed F probability distribution for two data sets (New in Excel
F.DIST.RT 2010 - replaces FDIST function)
Returns the F probability distribution (probability density or cumulative
F.DIST distribution function) (New in Excel 2010)
Returns the inverse of the right-tailed F probability distribution for two data sets
FINV (Replaced by F.INV.RT function in Excel 2010)
Returns the inverse of the right-tailed F probability distribution for two data sets
F.INV.RT (New in Excel 2010 - replaces FINV function)

F.INV Returns the inverse of the Cumulative F distribution (New in Excel 2010)

FISHER Returns the Fisher transformation

FISHERINV Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation

Returns the result of an F-Test for 2 supplied data sets (Replaced by F.TEST
FTEST function in Excel 2010)
Returns the result of an F-Test for 2 supplied data sets (New in Excel 2010 -
F.TEST replaces FTEST function)
Returns the gamma distribution (Replaced by GAMMA.DIST function in Excel
GAMMADIST 2010)
Returns the gamma distribution (New in Excel 2010 - replaces GAMMADIST
GAMMA.DIST function)
Returns the inverse gamma cumulative distribution (Replaced by GAMMA.INV
GAMMAINV function in Excel 2010)
Returns the inverse gamma cumulative distribution (New in Excel 2010 -
GAMMA.INV replaces GAMMAINV function)
GAMMA Return the gamma function value for a supplied number (New in Excel 2013)

GAMMALN Calculates the natural logarithm of the gamma function for a supplied value

GAMMALN.PRECISEReturns the natural logarithm of the gamma function for a supplied value (New
in Excel 2010)
Calculates the probability that a member of a standard normal population will
GAUSS fall between the mean and z standard deviations from the mean (New in Excel
2013)
Returns the hypergeometric distribution (Replaced by HYPGEOM.DIST function
HYPGEOMDIST in Excel 2010)

Returns the hypergeometric distribution (New in Excel 2010 - replaces

HYPGEOM.DIST HYPGEOMDIST function)

KURT Returns the kurtosis of a data set

Returns the cumulative log-normal distribution (Replaced by LOGNORM.DIST

LOGNORMDIST function in Excel 2010)

Returns the log-normal probability density function or the cumulative log-

LOGNORM.DIST normal distribution (New in Excel 2010 - replaces LOGNORMDIST function)

Returns the inverse of the lognormal distribution (Replaced by LOGNORM.INV

LOGINV function in Excel 2010)

Returns the inverse of the lognormal distribution (New in Excel 2010 - replaces
LOGNORM.INV LOGINV function)

Returns the normal cumulative distribution (Replaced by NORM.DIST function

NORMDIST in Excel 2010)
Returns the normal cumulative distribution (New in Excel 2010 - replaces
NORM.DIST NORMDIST function)

Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution (Replaced by

NORMINV NORM.INV function in Excel 2010)

Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution (New in Excel 2010 -
NORM.INV replaces NORMINV function)
Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution (Replaced by NORM.S.DIST
NORMSDIST function in Excel 2010)

Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution (New in Excel 2010 -

NORM.S.DIST replaces NORMSDIST function)
 Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution (Replaced by
NORMSINV NORM.S.INV function in Excel 2010)

Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution (New in

NORM.S.INV Excel 2010 - replaces NORMSINV function)

PEARSON Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

RSQ Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

PHI Returns the value of the density function for a standard normal distribution, for
a supplied number (New in Excel 2013)
Returns the Poisson distribution (Replaced by POISSON.DIST function in Excel
POISSON 2010)
Returns the Poisson distribution (New in Excel 2010 - replaces POISSON
POISSON.DIST function)

PROB Returns the probablity that values in a supplied range are within given limits

SKEW Returns the skewness of a distribution

Returns the skewness of a distribution based on a population (New in Excel

SKEW.P 2013)

STANDARDIZE Returns a normalized value

Returns the Student's T-distribution (Replaced by T.DIST.2T & T.DIST.RT functions

TDIST in Excel 2010)
Returns the two-tailed Student's T-distribution (New in Excel 2010 - replaces
T.DIST.2T TDIST function)
Returns the right-tailed Student's T-distribution (New in Excel 2010 - replaces
T.DIST.RT TDIST function)
Returns the Student's T-distribution (probability density or cumulative
T.DIST distribution function) (New in Excel 2010)
Returns the two-tailed inverse of the Student's T-distribution (Replaced by
TINV T.INV.2T function in Excel 2010)
Returns the two-tailed inverse of the Student's T-distribution (New in Excel 2010
T.INV.2T - replaces TINV function)

T.INV Returns the left-tailed inverse of the Student's T-distribution (New in Excel 2010)

Returns the probability associated with a Student's T-Test (Replaced by T.TEST

TTEST function in Excel 2010)

Returns the probability associated with a Student's T-Test (New in Excel 2010 -
T.TEST replaces TTEST function)
 Returns the Weibull distribution (Replaced by WEIBULL.DIST function in Excel
WEIBULL 2010)
Returns the Weibull distribution (New in Excel 2010 - replaces WEIBULL
WEIBULL.DIST function)
Returns the one-tailed probability value of a z-test (Replaced by Z.TEST function
ZTEST in Excel 2010)
Returns the one-tailed probability value of a z-test (New in Excel 2010 - replaces
Z.TEST ZTEST function)

Database Functions
Calculates the product of values in a field of a list or database, that satisfy
DPRODUCT specified conditions
Calculates the standard deviation (based on a sample of a population) of values
DSTDEV in a field of a list or database, that satisfy specified conditions
Calculates the standard deviation (based on an entire population) of values in a
DSTDEVP field of a list or database, that satisfy specified conditions
Calculates the sum of values in a field of a list or database, that satisfy specified
DSUM conditions
Calculates the variance (based on a sample of a population) of values in a field
DVAR of a list or database, that satisfy specified conditions
Calculates the variance (based on an entire population) of values in a field of a
DVARP list or database, that satisfy specified conditions

Payment Functions

CUMIPMT Calculates the cumulative interest paid between two specified periods

Calculates the cumulative principal paid on a loan, between two specified

CUMPRINC periods
Calculates the interest payment for a given period of an investment, with
IPMT periodic constant payments and a constant interest rate

ISPMT Returns the interest paid during a specified period of an investment

Calculates the payments required to reduce a loan, from a supplied present

PMT value to a specified future value
Calculates the payment on the principal for a given investment, with periodic
PPMT constant payments and a constant interest rate
Interest Rate Functions
ACCRINT Calculates the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest

ACCRINTM Calculates the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity
EFFECT Calculates the effective annual interest rate

INTRATE Calculates the interest rate for a fully invested security

NOMINAL Calculates the annual nominal interest rate

Calculates the interest rate required to pay off a specified amount of a loan, or
RATE reach a target amount on an investment over a given period
Calculates an equivalent interest rate for the growth of an investment (New in
RRI Excel 2013)
Yield Functions
YIELD Calculates the yield of a security that pays periodic interest

YIELDDISC Calculates the annual yield of a discounted security

YIELDMAT Calculates the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity
ODDFYIELD Calculates the yield of a security with an odd first period

ODDLYIELD Calculates the yield of a security with an odd last period

TBILLEQ Calculates the bond-equivalent yield for a treasury bill

TBILLYIELD Calculates the yield for a treasury bill

Duration Functions

Calculates the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the
COUPDAYBS settlement date
Calculates the number of days in the coupon period that contains the
COUPDAYS settlement date

Calculates the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon
COUPDAYSNC date

COUPNCD Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date
Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and
COUPNUM maturity date

COUPPCD Returns the previous coupon date, before the settlement date

Calculates the Macauley duration of a security with an assumed par value of

DURATION $100
Calculates the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par
MDURATION value of $100
Returns the number of periods for an investment with periodic constant
NPER payments and a constant interest rate
 Calculates the number of periods required for an investment to reach a
PDURATION specified value (New in Excel 2013)

Testing Numeric Values

DELTA Tests whether two supplied numbers are equal
GESTEP Tests whether a number is greater than a supplied threshold value
Complex Numbers

COMPLEX Converts user-supplied real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number

IMABS Returns the absolute value (the modulus) of a complex number

IMAGINARY Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number

IMARGUMENT Returns the argument Θ (an angle expressed in radians) of a complex number

IMCONJUGATE Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number

IMCOS Returns the cosine of a complex number

IMCOSH Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a complex number (New in Excel 2013)

IMCOT Returns the cotangent of a complex number (New in Excel 2013)

IMCSC Returns the cosecant of a complex number (New in Excel 2013)

IMCSCH Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a complex number (New in Excel 2013)

IMDIV Returns the quotient of two supplied complex numbers

IMEXP Returns the exponential of a complex number
IMLN Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG10 Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG2 Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number
IMPOWER Calculates a complex number raised to a supplied power
IMPRODUCT Returns the product of up to 255 supplied complex numbers
IMREAL Returns the real coefficient of a complex number

IMSEC Returns the secant of a complex number (New in Excel 2013)

IMSECH Returns the hyperbolic secant of a complex number (New in Excel 2013)

IMSIN Returns the sine of a complex number

IMSINH Returns the hyperbolic sine of a complex number (New in Excel 2013)
IMSQRT Returns the square root of a complex number
IMSUB Subtracts two complex numbers
IMSUM Calculates the sum of two complex numbers

IMTAN Returns the tangent of a complex number (New in Excel 2013)

ored on an external SQL server. These functions are only supported with a connection to Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Analysis Services or lat

Cube Functions
Defines a calculated set of members or tuples by sending a set expression to the
CUBESET cube on the server, which creates the set, and then returns that set to Microsoft
Office Excel (New in Excel 2007)
CUBESETCOUNT Returns the number of items in a set (New in Excel 2007)

CUBEVALUE Returns an aggregated value from the cube (New in Excel 2007)

Web Functions

WEBSERVICE Returns data from a web service on the Internet or Intranet (New in Excel 2013)

ntly used with Excel Functions and as a part of Excel Formulas. Therefore we have provided a brief explanation of Excel Operators in the fo
05 Analysis Services or later data source.

f Excel Operators in the following page: