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    Mole Concept PDF

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    Kassie Kanchan
    A mole is the amount of a substance that contains the same number of particles as 12 grams of carbon-12. The molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. Avogadro's number refers to the number of particles in one mole of any substance, which is 6 x 10^23 particles. Molar calculations allow conversion between moles, mass, particles, and volume of gases.

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    Mole Concept PDF

    Uploaded by

    Kassie Kanchan
    60 views5 pages
    A mole is the amount of a substance that contains the same number of particles as 12 grams of carbon-12. The molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. Avogadro's number refers to the number of particles in one mole of any substance, which is 6 x 10^23 particles. Molar calculations allow conversion between moles, mass, particles, and volume of gases.

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    A mole is the amount of a substance that contains the same number of particles as 12 grams of carbon-12. The molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. Avogadro's number refers to the number of particles in one mole of any substance, which is 6 x 10^23 particles. Molar calculations allow conversion between moles, mass, particles, and volume of gases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    60 views5 pages

    Mole Concept PDF

    Uploaded by

    Kassie Kanchan
    A mole is the amount of a substance that contains the same number of particles as 12 grams of carbon-12. The molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. Avogadro's number refers to the number of particles in one mole of any substance, which is 6 x 10^23 particles. Molar calculations allow conversion between moles, mass, particles, and volume of gases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    MOLE CONCEPT

    A MOLE is that amount of a substance that contains the ​same number of particles​ as ​12 g of
    carbon-12.

    MOLAR MASS ​- the mass of 1 mole of a particular substance.

    AVOGADRO’S NUMBER​ refers to the number of particles in ​1 MOLE​of any substance.


    Particles can be ​atoms, ions, molecules or formula units​.
    ● 1 mole of nitrogen gas = 6 x 10​23 ​molecules
    ● 1 mole of iron = 6 x 10​23​ atoms
    ● 1 mole of sodium chloride = 6 x 10​23​ sodium ions and 6 x 10​23​ chloride ions.

    COMPARING MASSES IN 1 MOLE OF A SUBSTANCE

    HOW TO CALCULATE MOLAR MASS:

    12​
    6​ C means that 1 mole of carbon has a mass of 12 g

    1 mole of NaCl has a mass of (1x23) + (1x35.5) = 58.5 gmol​-1​. This is also known as the mass
    of the molecule or the ​Relative Molecular Mass (R.M.M.)​.
    MOLAR CALCULATIONS

    AVOGADRO’S LAW ​states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure
    contain equal numbers of particles.

    Room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.) - 20 degrees Celcius, 1 atmosphere pressure


    Standard temperature and pressure (s.t.p.) - 0 degrees Celcius, 1 atmosphere pressure
    LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER​ states that matter can neither be created nor
    destroyed but simply changed from one form to another.

    i.e. in the reaction ​AB + CD ---> BC + AD​ , the number of moles of each REACTANT element
    must be equivalent to the number of moles of each PRODUCT element.

    MOLAR PROPORTIONS FROM BALANCED EQUATIONS

    AB + CD ---> BC + AD

    Assuming the equation is balanced, it implies that:

    1 mole of AB produces 1 mole of BC.

    Since MOLE can be converted to mass, particles or volume, then the same statement can be
    written as:

    1 mole of AB produces X g of BC
    or X x 10​23​ particles of BC
    or X cm​3​/dm​3​ of BC
    (if BC is gaseous)

    This can also be done in ​reverse ​order.

    1 mole of BC is produced by 1 mole of AB

    This can be done for ​any REACTANT : PRODUCT PAIR​ i.e. setting up a ​ratio​, as long as the
    equation is correctly balanced.
    USING MOLES

    PERCENTAGE COMPOSITIONS

    The percentage composition by mass of each element in a compound can be found, once the
    molar mass is known:

    % composition = (Mass of element in compound / Molar mass of compound) x 100

    EMPIRICAL AND MOLECULAR FORMULAE

    The ​empirical formula​ of a chemical compound is a representation of the ​simplest whole


    number ​ratio between the elements comprising the compound. The ​molecular formula​ is the
    representation of the ​actual whole number ratio ​between the elements of the compound.

    Step 1: Find the number of moles of each element in a sample of the molecule.
    Step 2: Find the ratios between the number of moles of each element.
    Step 3: Find the empirical formula.
    Step 4: Find the molecular weight of the empirical formula.
    Step 5: Find the number of empirical formula units in the molecular formula.
    Step 6: Find the molecular formula.
    MOLES AND SOLUTIONS

    Remember: Solute + Solvent = Solution

    CONCENTRATION is the strength of a solution or the ​AMOUNT OF SOLUTE​ in 1 dm​3​ or 1000


    cm​3 ​of the solvent.

    Therefore, units of concentration are moldm​-3​ or gdm​-3​ (mass concentration).

    A STANDARD SOLUTION is one of ​KNOWN CONCENTRATION​. Standard solutions can be


    prepared by:

    1. Dissolving an ​accurately measured mass of solute​ in a ​known volume of solvent


    2. Diluting a more concentrated solution.

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