 NumPy stands for Numerical Python.

The most powerful feature of NumPy is n-

dimensional array. This library also contains basic linear algebra functions, Fourier
transforms, advanced random number capabilities and tools for integration with other
low level languages like Fortran, C and C++
 SciPy stands for Scientific Python. SciPy is built on NumPy. It is one of the most useful
library for variety of high level science and engineering modules like discrete Fourier
transform, Linear Algebra, Optimization and Sparse matrices.
 Matplotlib for plotting vast variety of graphs, starting from histograms to line plots to
heat plots.. You can use Pylab feature in ipython notebook (ipython notebook –pylab
= inline) to use these plotting features inline. If you ignore the inline option, then pylab
converts ipython environment to an environment, very similar to Matlab. You can also
use Latex commands to add math to your plot.
 Pandas for structured data operations and manipulations. It is extensively used for
data munging and preparation. Pandas were added relatively recently to Python and
have been instrumental in boosting Python’s usage in data scientist community.
 Scikit Learn for machine learning. Built on NumPy, SciPy and matplotlib, this library
contains a lot of effiecient tools for machine learning and statistical modeling including
classification, regression, clustering and dimensionality reduction.
 Statsmodels for statistical modeling. Statsmodels is a Python module that allows
users to explore data, estimate statistical models, and perform statistical tests. An
extensive list of descriptive statistics, statistical tests, plotting functions, and result
statistics are available for different types of data and each estimator.
 Seaborn for statistical data visualization. Seaborn is a library for making attractive and
informative statistical graphics in Python. It is based on matplotlib. Seaborn aims to
make visualization a central part of exploring and understanding data.
 Bokeh for creating interactive plots, dashboards and data applications on modern
web-browsers. It empowers the user to generate elegant and concise graphics in the
style of D3.js. Moreover, it has the capability of high-performance interactivity over
very large or streaming datasets.
 Blaze for extending the capability of Numpy and Pandas to distributed and streaming
datasets. It can be used to access data from a multitude of sources including Bcolz,
MongoDB, SQLAlchemy, Apache Spark, PyTables, etc. Together with Bokeh, Blaze
can act as a very powerful tool for creating effective visualizations and dashboards on
huge chunks of data.
 Scrapy for web crawling. It is a very useful framework for getting specific patterns of
data. It has the capability to start at a website home url and then dig through web-
pages within the website to gather information.
 SymPy for symbolic computation. It has wide-ranging capabilities from basic symbolic
arithmetic to calculus, algebra, discrete mathematics and quantum physics. Another
useful feature is the capability of formatting the result of the computations as LaTeX
code.
 Requests for accessing the web. It works similar to the the standard python library
urllib2 but is much easier to code. You will find subtle differences with urllib2 but for
beginners, Requests might be more convenient.

Additional libraries, you might need:

 os for Operating system and file operations

 networkx and igraph for graph based data manipulations
 regular expressions for finding patterns in text data
 BeautifulSoup for scrapping web. It is inferior to Scrapy as it will extract information
from just a single webpage in a run.