CS193P - Lecture 7

iPhone Application Development

Navigation & Tab Bar Controllers

Announcements
• Assignment 3 was due last night at 11:59 PM
• Presence 1 is due on Tuesday 4/28
Announcements
• Next Monday, 4/27
! Table Views, Scroll Views and Presence 2
! Guest speaker: Jason Beaver, UIKit Engineer
Announcements
• This Friday: “Preparing Your App for the App Store”
• Next Friday: Loren Brichter of Tweetie (http://www.atebits.com)
Today’s Topics
• Navigation Controllers
• Application Data Flow
• Customizing Navigation
• Tab Bar Controllers
• Combining Approaches
Navigation Controllers
UINavigationController
• Stack of view controllers
• Navigation bar

View Controller
Navigation View Controller
Controller
View Controller
How It Fits Together
• Top view controller’s view
How It Fits Together
• Top view controller’s view
• Top view controller’s title
How It Fits Together
• Top view controller’s view
• Top view controller’s title
• Previous view controller’s title
Modifying the Navigation Stack
• Push to add a view controller
- (void)pushViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController
animated:(BOOL)animated;

• Pop to remove a view controller

- (void)popViewControllerAnimated:(BOOL)animated;
Pushing Your First View Controller
- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching
// Create a navigation controller
navController = [[UINavigationController alloc] init];

// Push the first view controller on the stack

[navController pushViewController:firstViewController
animated:NO];

// Add the navigation controller’s view to the window

[window addSubview:navController.view];
}
In Response to User Actions
• Push from within a view controller on the stack
- (void)someAction:(id)sender
{
// Potentially create another view controller
UIViewController *viewController = ...;

[self.navigationController pushViewController:viewController
animated:YES];
}

• Almost never call pop directly!

! Automatically invoked by the back button
Demo:
Pushing & Popping
Application Data Flow
Presence
A Controller for Each Screen

List Detail
Controller Controller
Connecting View Controllers
• Multiple view controllers may need to share data
• One may need to know about what another is doing
! Watch for added, removed or edited data
! Other interesting events
How Not To Share Data
• Global variables or singletons
! This includes your application delegate!
• Direct dependencies make your code less reusable
! And more difficult to debug & test

List Detail
Controller Controller

Don’t Do This!
Application
Delegate
Best Practices for Data Flow
• Figure out exactly what needs to be communicated
• Define input parameters for your view controller
• For communicating back up the hierarchy, use loose coupling
! Define a generic interface for observers (like delegation)

List Detail
Controller Controller
Example:
UIImagePickerController
Demo:
Passing Data Along
Customizing Navigation
Customizing Navigation
• Buttons or custom controls
• Interact with the entire screen
UINavigationItem
• Describes appearance of the navigation bar
! Title string or custom title view
! Left & right bar buttons

! More properties defined in UINavigationBar.h

• Every view controller has a navigation item for customizing

! Displayed when view controller is on top of the stack
 Navigation Item Ownership

Left Bar
Button Item

View Controller Navigation Item Title View

Right Bar
Button Item
Displaying a Title
• UIViewController already has a title property
! @property(nonatomic,copy) NSString *title;

• Navigation item inherits automatically

! Previous view controller’s title is displayed in back button

viewController.title = @“Detail”;
Left & Right Buttons
• UIBarButtonItem
! Special object, defines appearance & behavior for items in
navigation bars and toolbars
• Display a string, image or predefined system item
• Target + action (like a regular button)
Text Bar Button Item

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
UIBarButtonItem *fooButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc]
initWithTitle:@"Foo”
style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered
target:self
action:@selector(foo:)];

self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = fooButton;

[fooButton release];
}
System Bar Button Item

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
UIBarButtonItem *addButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc]
initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemAdd
style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered
target:self
action:@selector(add:)];

self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = addButton;

[addButton release];
}
Edit/Done Button
• Very common pattern
• Every view controller has one available
! Target/action already set up

self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = self.editButtonItem;

// Called when the user toggles the edit/done button

- (void)setEditing:(BOOL)editing animated:(BOOL)animated
{
// Update appearance of views
}
Custom Title View
• Arbitrary view in place of the title

UISegmentedControl *segmentedControl = ...

self.navigationItem.titleView = segmentedControl;
[segmentedControl release];
Back Button
• Sometimes a shorter back button is needed

self.title = @“Hello there, CS193P!”;

Back Button
• Sometimes a shorter back button is needed

self.title = @“Hello there, CS193P!”;

UIBarButtonItem *heyButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc]

initWithTitle:@“Hey!”
...];
self.navigationItem.backButtonItem = heyButton;

[heyButton release];
Demo:
Customizing Buttons
Tab Bar Controllers
UITabBarController
• Array of view controllers
• Tab bar

View Controller

Tab Bar
View Controller
Controller

View Controller
How It Fits Together
• Selected view controller’s view
How It Fits Together
• Selected view controller’s view
• All view controllers’ titles
Setting Up a Tab Bar Controller
- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching
// Create a tab bar controller
tabBarController = [[UITabBarController alloc] init];

// Set the array of view controllers

tabBarController.viewControllers = myViewControllers;

// Add the tab bar controller’s view to the window

[window addSubview:tabBarController.view];
}
Tab Bar Appearance
• View controllers can define their appearance in the tab bar

• UITabBarItem
! Title + image or system item
• Each view controller comes with a tab bar item for customizing
Creating Tab Bar Items
• Title and image

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
self.tabBarItem = [[UITabBarItem alloc]
initWithTitle:@“Playlists”
image:[UIImage imageNamed:@“music.png”]
tag:0]
}
Creating Tab Bar Items
• System item

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
self.tabBarItem = [[UITabBarItem alloc]
initWithTabBarSystemItem:
UITabBarSystemItemBookmarks
tag:0]
}
Demo:
Using a Tab Bar Controller
More View Controllers
• What happens when a tab bar controller has too many
view controllers to display at once?
! “More” tab bar item
displayed automatically
More View Controllers
• What happens when a tab bar controller has too many
view controllers to display at once?
! “More” tab bar item
displayed automatically
! User can navigate to

remaining view controllers

More View Controllers
• What happens when a tab bar controller has too many
view controllers to display at once?
! “More” tab bar item
displayed automatically
! User can navigate to

remaining view controllers

! Customize order
Combining Approaches
Tab Bar + Navigation Controllers
Multiple parallel hierarchies
 Tab Bar + Navigation Controllers

Navigation
Controller View Controller

Navigation
Tab Bar Controller Controller View Controller

View Controller
Nesting Navigation Controllers
• Create a tab bar controller
tabBarController = [[UITabBarController alloc] init];

• Create each navigation controller

navController = [[UINavigationController alloc] init];
[navController pushViewController:firstViewController
animated:NO];

• Add them to the tab bar controller

tabBarController.viewControllers = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
navController,
anotherNavController,
someViewController,
nil];
Questions?