Web FG SSC 0268 r5 KPIs - ICT
Web FG SSC 0268 r5 KPIs - ICT
Web FG SSC 0268 r5 KPIs - ICT
ITU-T FG-SSC
TELECOMMUNICATION
STANDARDIZATION SECTOR (03/2015)
OF ITU
ITU 2015
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior
written permission of ITU.
Key performance indicators related to the
use of information and communication
technology in smart sustainable cities
Acknowledgements
These Technical Specifications were researched and authored by Ziqin Sang (Fiberhome
Technologies Group), Hongqing Ding (Fiberhome Technologies Group), Masayuki Higashi (Japan),
Jiro Nakamura (NTT), Minako Hara (NTT), Takafumi Hashitani (Fujitsu), Junnosuke Sugiura
(Fujitsu), Claudio Di Carlo (Italy), Paola Girdinio (Genoa University), Raffaele Bolla (Genoa
University), Paolo Gemma (Huawei), Dewei Xu (Fiberhome Technologies Group), Jia Guo
(Fiberhome Technologies Group), Pernilla Bergmark (Ericsson), Lelio Digeronimo (Avina), Luis
Castiella (San Andrés University), Mike Wood (Telstra), Jack Rowley (GSMA), Christer Tornevik
(Ericsson) and Christophe Grangeat (Alcatel-Lucent) .
The authors wish to extend their gratitude to Ramy Ahmed Fathy (NTRA, Egypt), Michael Mulquin
(IS Communications), Angelica V. Ospina (University of Manchester), Mythili Menon (University
of Geneva) for their valuable inputs and support.
The authors acknowledge the guidance and support from all the members of the ITU-T Focus Group
on Smart Sustainable Cities (FG-SSC) Management Team.
Additional information and materials relating to this Technical Specifications can be found at:
www.itu.int/itu-t/climatechange. If you would like to provide any additional information, please
contact Cristina Bueti (ITU) at [email protected].
Key performance indicators related to the use of information and
communication technology in smart sustainable cities
Table of Contents
Page
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................. 2
2 References ..................................................................................................................... 2
3 Definitions..................................................................................................................... 3
3.1 Terms defined elsewhere ................................................................................ 3
3.2 Terms defined in these Technical Specifications ........................................... 3
4 Abbreviations and acronyms......................................................................................... 4
5 General principles for Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for ICT in a city
context ........................................................................................................................... 4
6 Key Performance Indicators ......................................................................................... 5
6.1 Sub-dimensions of KPIs ................................................................................. 5
6.2 Key performance indicators of SSC ............................................................... 5
Appendix I – Additional indicators .......................................................................................... 13
Appendix II – UN habitat City Prosperity Index ..................................................................... 15
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................. 17
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ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities: Key performance indicators related to the use of information
and communication technology in smart sustainable cities
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1 The terms of reference of FG-SSC particularly mention environmental sustainability. However, this
document tries to have a broader perspective and embraces also indicators that are related to quality of life,
social and economic aspects.
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ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities: Key performance indicators related to the use of information
and communication technology in smart sustainable cities
1 Scope
These technical specifications form part of a series of Technical Reports and Technical Specifications
focusing on the key performance indicators (KPIs) for smart sustainable cities (SSCs). It specifically
provides the KPIs related to ICT adoption and use in the context of SSC. Evaluating these indicators
can help cities as well as their stakeholders understand the extent to which they may be perceived as
SSC. These Technical Specifications describe applicability of KPIs, principles and dimensions as
well as the definitions of corresponding indicators. To fit into the overall framework of city indicators
the present Technical Specifications re-use the categorization of UN Habitat´s City Prosperity Index.
These Technical Specifications can be utilized by:
Cities and municipal administrations, including the SSC-relevant policy-making organizations,
and government sectors, enabling them to develop strategies and understand the progress related
to the use of ICT for making cities smarter and more sustainable.
City inhabitants and their non-profit organizations, enabling them to understand the development
and progress of SSC.
Development and operation organizations of SSC, including planning unit, SSC-related producers
and service providers, operation and maintenance organizations, helping them to fulfill the tasks
of sharing information related to the use of ICT in the city.
Evaluation agencies and academia, supporting them in selection of relevant KPIs for assessing
the contribution from ICT in the development of SSC.
The intention of identifying the KPIs is to establish the criteria to evaluate ICT´s contributions in
making cities smarter and more sustainable, and to provide the cities with the means for self-
assessments. It is desirable that cities can quantify their achievement according to their goals.
These Technical Specifications list the core indicators that are chosen to be applicable for all cities.
The goals for moving towards increased smartness and sustainability differs between cities. Thus,
based on their economic power or/and population growth etc, the cities can also select appropriate
indicators among those listed in Appendix I and/or add new ones.
These Technical Specifications are applicable for both cities and city regions, which could be
organized in different ways:
A single city organized as one or more administrative units, or
A union of cities in the neighboring area that can share some services.
2 References
[ITU-T L.KPIs-overview] Technical Specifications on overview of key performance indicators in
smart sustainable cities (2014)
[ITU-T L.KPIs-impact] Technical Specifications on key performance indicators related to the
sustainability impacts of information and communication technology in
smart sustainable cities
[ITU-T L.KPIs-Supp] Technical Report on key performance indicators definitions for smart
sustainable cities
[ITU-T TR SSC Def] Technical Report on smart sustainable cities: an analysis of definitions
(2014)
[ITU-T TR EMF Con] Technical Report on EMF consideration in smart sustainable cities (2014)
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ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities: Key performance indicators related to the use of information
and communication technology in smart sustainable cities
[UN-Habitat report] UN Habitat report (2013), State of the World’s cities 2012/2013 Prosperity
of Cities
[ISO 37120] ISO 37120:2014, Sustainable development and resilience of communities
– Indicators for city services and quality of life.
[OECD KE] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (1996), The
knowledge-based economy.
3 Definitions
3.1 Terms defined elsewhere
These Technical Specifications use the following terms defined elsewhere:
3.1.1 city [ITU-T L.KPIs-overview]: An urban geographical area with one (or several) local
government and planning authorities.
3.1.2 city sustainability [ITU-T L.KPIs-overview]: The sustainability of smart city is based on four
main aspects:
economic: The ability to generate income and employment for the livelihood of the
inhabitants.
social: The ability to ensure well-being (safety, health, education etc) of the citizens can be
equally delivered despite differences in class, race or gender.
environmental: The ability to protect future quality and reproducibility of natural resources.
governance: The ability to maintain social conditions of stability, democracy, participation,
and justice.
3.1.3 knowledge economy [OECD KE]: Economies which are directly based on the production,
distribution and use of knowledge and information.
3.1.4 smart sustainable cities [ITU-T TR SSC Def]: A smart sustainable city is an innovative city
that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other means to improve quality of
life, efficiency of urban operation and services, and competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets the
needs of present and future generations with respect to economic, social and environmental aspects.
In the table below each dimension is identified by the letter Dx. The sub-dimensions are then
classified by the label Dx.y where x denotes the dimension and Y maps to sub-dimension.
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2 Note that this list only contains the sub-categories for which indicators are defined in this document. For a
total set of sub-categories refer to [ITU-T L.KPIs-overview].
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ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities: Key performance indicators related to the use of information
and communication technology in smart sustainable cities
The indicators listed in Appendix I are proposed as additional indicators for consideration. Cities can
select appropriate ones among those, and/or add new indicators, to evaluate the contributions of ICT
to their SSC goals.
NOTE – In this text the e-service concept (e.g., e-health and e-governance etc) is used in an inclusive way and
refers to both wired and wireless services that benefit the cities and city inhabitants. The mobile wireless
services could also be referred to as m-services (e.g., m-health, m-banking etc.). These ICT services and goods
are also collectively known as Smart services (e.g., Smart grid, Smart lighting) and Smart goods (e.g., Smart
meters). In some cases the Smart service/ goods concept is used instead of e-service if this terminology is more
widely adopted for the referred service or goods.
Note: In this document the term city inhabitant is used to refer to the people living in the city.
6.2.1 ICT
This clause lists the core indicators defined for ICT dimension.
There are 11 indicators in this dimension, covering computer penetration, Internet access, fixed
(wired)-broadband subscriptions, wireless-broadband subscriptions, social media, information
security, COP, privacy protection, and EMF consideration in cities etc.
D1.2 Services and I1.2.1 Use of social media by the Use of social media by the public sector, to
information platforms public sector share information about regulations and to
get feedback.
NOTE – Social media refers to a group of
Internet-based applications that allow the
creation and exchange of user-generated
content.
D1.3 Information I1.3.1 Information security of Proportion of incidents, due to illegal
security and privacy public services and systems system access, unauthorized data storage or
transmission, unauthorized hardware and
software modifications, which lead to
information disclosure or financial loss.
I1.3.2 Existence of systems, rules Existence of rules and regulations to ensure
and regulations to ensure Child COP. This also includes proportion of
Online Protection (COP) public web services and devices that ensure
COP.
NOTE – The city could work against cyber
bullying by ensuring safety in online public
services (for the use of ICT in schools etc.).
I1.3.3 Existence of systems, rules Existence of rules and regulations to ensure
and regulations to ensure Privacy privacy protection in public service. This
protection in public service should also include proportion of public
services and devices that ensure privacy
protection.
NOTE – This indicator evaluates the
adoption of K-anonymity privacy preserving
scheme, and other systems to ensure privacy
of the city inhabitants. In addition, the rules,
and regulations also require that institutions
which offer consumers financial products or
services like loans, financial advice,
investment advice, or insurance; to
safeguard sensitive and confidential
information by explaining their information-
sharing practices to their customers.
D1.4 Electromagnetic I1.4.1 Compliance with WHO Application of WHO endorsed exposure
field endorsed exposure guidelines guidelines for ICT installations in the city.3
NOTE – WHO endorsed exposure guidelines
are referred to in [ITU-T TR EMF Con].
I1.4.2 Adoption of a consistent Application of a consistent planning
planning approval process with approval process with respect to EMF to
respect to EMF enable efficient deployment of ICT systems .
NOTE – A consistent planning approval
process between cities is preferred to
individual city requirements to ensure
efficient deployment.
I1.4.3 Availability of EMF Availability of information for the public and
information other stakeholders and referencing WHO and
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3 ICT devices are regulated nationally and are not included.
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ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities: Key performance indicators related to the use of information
and communication technology in smart sustainable cities
6.2.3 Productivity
This clause lists the core indicators defined for productivity and economic sustainability.
There are 8 indicators in this dimension, covering expenditure of ICT R&D, expenditure of ICT
projects, ICT companies ratio, ICT employers, intangible investment, e-commerce, e-services and
cloud computing.
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4 In general equity and inclusion in relation to ICT are difficult to measure by defining specific indicators.
Therefore, in addition to the indicators defined in dimension D5, cities are encouraged to disaggregate and
analyse their data with respect to aspects such as gender, age, income, specific needs and geographic
location/area.
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ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities: Key performance indicators related to the use of information
and communication technology in smart sustainable cities
I5.3.3 Online support for new city Availability of ICT based applications and
inhabitants services to provide establishment support
for new city inhabitants.
NOTE – New city inhabitants include
people moving to the city and visitors
I5.3.4 Existence of strategies, rules Existence of strategies, regulations,
and regulations to enable ICT voluntary work or interest organizations to
literacy among inhabitants enhance ICT literacy among all city
inhabitants.
NOTE – This includes mechanisms that
enable public knowledge and skill
development.
D5.4 Governance I5.4.1 Provision of online systems Proportion of public services and facilities
for administering public services (e.g., choice of schools, booking of public
and facilities sports facilities, library services, etc.) that
could be administered online.
NOTE – This includes bookings, payments
etc.
I5.4.2 Application of services to Proportion of public facilities and
support persons with specific needs buildings that provide ICT based services
and information to support persons with
specific needs, and proportion of online
public information customized for these
persons.
NOTE – Persons with specific needs here
indicate indigenous people, and persons
with disabilities including age related
disabilities.
Appendix I
Additional indicators
The indicators listed in the following table are proposed as additional indicators for consideration.
Cities can select appropriate ones among those, and/or add new indicators, in order to evaluate the
contributions of ICT to their SSC goals.Each additional indicator is labeled (Ax.y.z), where (i) x
denotes the dimension, (ii) y the sub-dimension and (iii) z the indicator.
Appendix II
In the Wheel of Prosperity as defined by UN Habitat, the "spokes" are the five dimensions of
prosperity: Productivity, Infrastructure development, Quality of life, Equity and social inclusion, and
Environmental sustainability.
In the City Prosperity Index each dimension has its own index and it might be built up by a number
of indices. The basic City Prosperity Index as reported in a publication consists of the following
sub-indices and indicators:
Dimension Definition/variables
Productivity The productivity index is measured through the city product, which is
composed of the variables: capital investment, formal/informal
employment, inflation, trade, savings, export/import, and household
income/consumption. The city product represents the total output of
goods and services (value added) produced by a city´s population
during a specific year.
Quality of life The quality of life index is a combination of four sub-indices:
education, health, safety/security and public space. The sub-index
education includes literacy, primary, secondary and tertiary
enrolment. The sub-index health includes life expectancy, under-five
mortality rates, HIV/AIDS, morbidity and nutrition variables.
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ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities: Key performance indicators related to the use of information
and communication technology in smart sustainable cities
Infrastructure development The infrastructure development index combines two sub-indices: one
for infrastructure and another for housing.
The infrastructure sub-index includes: connection to services (piped
water, sewage, electricity and ICT), waste management, knowledge
infrastructure, health infrastructure, transport and road infrastructure.
The housing sub-index includes building materials and living space.
Environmental sustainability The environmental sustainability index is made of four sub-indices:
air quality (PM10), CO2 emissions, energy and indoor pollution.
Equity and social inclusion The equity and social inclusion index combines statistical measures
of inequity of income/consumption (Gini coefficient) and social and
gender inequity of access to services and infrastructure.
Reference: UN Habitat report "State of the World's cities 2012/2013 Prosperity of Cities",
Table 1.1.3, p 18.
There is also an extended City Prosperity Index with more indicators and a plan to include
Governance as a sixth dimension. Furthermore, specific work has been done on Streets as a driver for
prosperity.
UN Habitat (2013), State of the World's Cities 2012/2013, Prosperity of Cities:
http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/listItemDetails.aspx?publicationID=3387
UN Habitat (2013), Streets as Public Spaces and Drivers of Urban Prosperity:
http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/listItemDetails.aspx?publicationID=3513
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ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities: Key performance indicators related to the use of information
and communication technology in smart sustainable cities
Bibliography
[b-FG-SSC KPIs metrics] FG-SSC deliverable, Technical Report on metrics and evaluation of key
performance indicators for smart sustainable cities
[b-FG-SSC overview] FG-SSC deliverable (2014), Technical Report on an overview of smart
sustainable cities and the role of information and communication
technologies.
[b-FG-SSC infrastructure] FG-SSC deliverable, Technical Report on overview of smart
sustainable cities infrastructure
[b-FG-SSC security] FG-SSC deliverable, Technical Report on cyber-security, data
protection and cyber-resilience in smart sustainable Cities.
[b-FG-SSC building] FG-SSC deliverable, Technical Report on smart buildings for smart
sustainable cities.
[b-FG-SSC water] FG-SSC deliverable (2014), Technical Report on smart water
management in cities.
[b-FG-SSC management] FG-SSC deliverable, Technical Report on integrated management for
smart sustainable cities.
[b-FG-SSC stakeholders] FG-SSC deliverable, Technical Report on engaging stakeholders for
smart sustainable cities.
[b-ISO TDS 37151.1] ISO TDS 37151.1:2014, Smart community infrastructures – Principles
and requirements for performance metrics.
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