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Image Registration and Georeferrencing

This document discusses digital image processing techniques for remotely sensed data. It covers topics like image resolution, geometric distortions, image rectification, resampling methods, and applications such as image enhancement, classification, and integration with GIS data. The goal of image processing is to correct distortions and calibrate images to better represent the original scene. Common operations include geometric and radiometric correction, as well as noise removal.

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Ed Dread
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135 views30 pages

Image Registration and Georeferrencing

This document discusses digital image processing techniques for remotely sensed data. It covers topics like image resolution, geometric distortions, image rectification, resampling methods, and applications such as image enhancement, classification, and integration with GIS data. The goal of image processing is to correct distortions and calibrate images to better represent the original scene. Common operations include geometric and radiometric correction, as well as noise removal.

Uploaded by

Ed Dread
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I.

Introduction
II. Image Resolution
III. Digital Image Processing
IV. Geometric Distortions
V. Image Rectification
VI. Resampling Methods
Digital form – image
brightness expressed in
array of numbers

Brightness can be
added, subtracted,
multiplied, divided and
subjected to statistical
Manipulation

Increases ability to
display, examining, and
analyze remotely
sensed data
PIXEL
LINE
SEQUENTIAL
High temporal
resolution: < 24 hours -
3 days

Medium temporal
resolution: 4 - 16 days

Low temporal
resolution: > 16 days
Image rectification and restoration
Correct distorted or degraded image data to create a more faithful
representation of the original scene
Geometric distortion correction, radiometric calibration, noise
removal
Preprocessing operations
Image enhancement
Procedures applied to image data to more effectively display or
record the data for subsequent interpretation
To create images from the original images to increase the amount of
information visually interpretable from the data
Image classification
To replace visual analysis of the image date with quantitative
techniques for automating the identification of features in a scene
Spectral patter recognition; Spatial pattern recognition
Data merging and GIS integration
Hyperspectral image analysis
Biophysical modeling
Image transmission and compression
To correct image data for distortions or degradations that stem from the
image acquisition process

Typical Operations
Geometric correction or preprocessing
Bring image into registration with maps/images
Radiometric correction or preprocessing
E.g. Adjust DNs for effect of hazy atmosphere
Noise Removal; Feature Extraction
GEOMETRIC DISTORTIONS

No remote sensing images are free of geometric distortions and an


essential requirement for integrated processing of remote sensing
images and data from geographic information systems (GIS) is that they
are spatially referenced.

The geometric distortions inherent in remote sensing images fall into


two categories:
systematic distortions
nonsystematic distortions.
▪ a form of rectification that
corrects for terrain
displacement and can be
used if there is a DEM of the
study area
▪ in relatively flat areas,
orthorectification is not
necessary, but in
mountainous areas (or on
aerial photographs of
buildings), where a high
degree of accuracy is
required, orthorectification is
recommended.
▪ Interpolation of
Reflectance
Values
▪ uses the
value of the
closest
input pixel
for the
output pixel
value

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