ME 1401 INTRODUCTION OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

KINGS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ME 1401 INTRODUCTION OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS – QUESTION BANK

UNIT I Introduction
PART-A (2 Marks)

1. What is meant by finite element analysis?

2. Name any four applications of FEA.
3. What is the concept of matrix algebra and in what way it is used in FEA?
4. Briefly explain Gaussion elimination method.
5. Why polynomial type interpolation functions are preferred over trigonometric functions?
6. What is meant by ‘descretization’?
7. List out the various weighted-residual methods.
8. Define the concept of potential energy
9. List out any four advantages of using FEA.
10. What is the need for FEA?
11. List out FEM software packages
12. Name the different modules of FEM and their function
PART –B UNIT I (16 Marks)

1. A simply supported beam is subjected to uniformly distributed load over entire span.
Determine the bending moment and deflection at the mid span using Rayleigh-Ritz method
and compare with exact solution. Use a two term trial function y= a1sin(πx/l)+ a2sin(3πx/l)
(16)

2. A beam AB of span ‘l’ simply supported at the ends and carrying a concentrated load ‘W’
at the centre ‘C’ as shown in figure 1.2. Determine the deflection at the mid span by using
Rayleigh-Ritz method and compare with exact solution. Use a suitable one term
trigonometric trial function. (16)

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ME 1401 INTRODUCTION OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

figure 1.2

3. A simply supported beam is subjected to uniformly distributed load over entire span and it
is subjected to a point load at the centre of the span. Calculate the bending moment and
deflection at the mid span using Rayleigh-Ritz method and compare with exact solution.
(16)

4. The following differential equation is available for a physical phenomenon.

d2y/dx2 + 50 = 0, 0<x<10
The trial function is, y=ax(10-x)
The boundary conditions are y(0)=0 and y(10)=0
Find the value of the parameter ‘a’ by (i) Point collocation method (ii) Sub-domain
collocation method (iii) Least squares method (iv) Galerkin’s method (16)

5. Write short notes on (i) Gaussian elimination (ii) Galerkin’s method (16)

6. Explain the process of discretization in detail. (16)

7. A cantilever beam of length ‘L’ is loaded with a point load at the free end. Find the maximum
deflection and maximum bending moment using Rayleigh-Ritz method using the function
y=a{1-Cos (πx/2L)}.Given EI is constant. (16)

UNIT II One dimensional problems

PART-A (2 Marks)

1. List out the properties of stiffness matrix

2. What are the different coordinate systems used in FEM?
3. Define a simplex, complex and multiplex element
4. What are shape functions and what are their properties?
5. Define ‘Natural coordinate system’
6. What are the advantages of natural coordinate system?
7. What are 1-Dimensional scalar and vector variable problems?
8. What types of problems are treated as one-dimensional problems?
9. Write down the expressions for shape functions of 1-D bar element.
10. Define aspect ratio. State its significance.
11. Write down the expressions for the element stiffness matrix of a beam element
12. What is a higher order element? Give an example

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ME 1401 INTRODUCTION OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

PART-B UNIT II (16 Marks)

1. i) Derive the shape functions for a 2-D beam element (8)

ii) Derive the stiffness matrix of a 2-D truss element (8)

2. Derive the shape functions for a 2 noded beam element and a 3 noded bar element (16)

3. Derive the stiffness matrix of a 3 noded bar element using the principle of potential energy (16)

4. Calculate the nodal displacements and forces for the bar loaded as shown in figure 2.4 (16)

figure 2.4

5. A stepped bar is subjected to an axial load of 200 KN at the place of change of cross section
and material as shown in figure 2.5. Find (a) The nodal displacements (b) the reaction forces (c)
the induced stresses in each material (16)

figure 2.5

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ME 1401 INTRODUCTION OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

6. For a tapered bar of uniform thickness t=10mm as shown in figure 2.6. find the displacements at
the nodes by forming into two element model. The bar has a mass density ρ = 7800 Kg/M3, the
young’s modulus E = 2x105 MN/m2 . In addition to self weight, the bar is subjected to a point load
P= 1 KN at its centre. Also determine the reaction forces at the support. (16)

figure 2.6

1. Consider a 4-bar truss as shown in figure 2.7. It is given that E = 200 GPa and A= 500
mm2 for all the elements. Determine (a) Nodal displacements (b) Support reactions (c)
Element stresses. (16)

figure 2.7

UNIT III Two dimensional continuum

PART-A (2 Marks)

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ME 1401 INTRODUCTION OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

1. Write down the shape functions for a ‘Rectangular element.

2. State a two dimensional scalar variable problem with an example.
3. What is meant by a CST element? State its properties.
4. In what way a bilinear element is different from simplex and complex element?
5. Define ‘Plane stress’ and ‘Plane strain’ with suitable example
6. Differentiate between a CST and LST element
7. What are the differences between use of linear triangular element and bilinear rectangular
element?
8. What is meant by a two dimensional vector variable problem?
9. Write down the expression for the stress-strain relationship matrix for a 2-D system.
10. State the expression for stiffness matrix for a bar element subjected to torsion
11. Write down the finite element equation for one-dimensional heat conduction
12. Specify the various elasticity equations.
PART-B UNIT III (16Marks)

1. Find the temperature at a point P(1,1.5) inside a triangular element shown with nodal
temperatures given as Ti= 40°C, Tj= 34°C and Tk= 46°C. Also determine the location of
the 42°C contour line for the triangular element shown in figure 3.1. (16)

figure 3.1
2. Calculate the element stiffness matrix and thermal force vector for the plane stress
element shown in figure 3.2. The element experiences a rise of 10°C. (16)

figure 3.2

3. Derive the stiffness matrix and equations for a CST element. (16)
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ME 1401 INTRODUCTION OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

4. Derive the stiffness matrix and equations for a LST element (16)

5. Derive the shape functions for a bilinear rectangular element . (16)

6. For a 4-noded rectangular element shown in figure 3.6. Determine the temperature at the
point (7,4). The nodal values of the temperatures are T1= 42°C, T2= 54°C and T3= 56°C
and T4= 46°C. Also determine the three points on the 50°C contour line. (16)

figure 3.6
7. For the plane stress element shown in figure 3.7. Evaluate the stiffness matrix. Assume E
= 210 X 103 N/mm2 , poisson’s ratio µ=0.25 and element thickness t=10mm. The
coordinates are given in millimeters. (16)

figure 3.7

UNIT IV Axisymmetric continuum

PART-A (2 Marks)

1. What are the ways by which a 3-dimensional problem can be reduced to a 2-D problem?
2. What is meant by axisymmetric solid?
3. Write down the expression for shape functions for a axisymmetric triangular element
4. State the conditions to be satisfied in order to use axisymmetric elements
5. State the expression used for ‘gradient matrix’ for axisymmetric triangular element
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ME 1401 INTRODUCTION OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

6. State the constitutive law for axisymmetric problems.

7. Sketch ring shaped axisymmetric solid formed by a triangular and quadrilateral element
8. Write down the expression for stiffness matrix for an axisymmetric triangular element
9. Distinguish between plane stress, plane strain and axisymmetric analysis in solid
mechanics
10. Sketch an one-dimensional axisymmetric (shell) element and two-dimensional
axisymmetric element.

PART-B UNIT IV (16 Marks)

1. Derive the shape functions for an axisymmetric triangular element (16)

2. Derive an expression for the strain-displacement matrix for an axisymmetric triangular

element (16)

3. For the axisymmetric element shown in figure 4.3, determine the stiffness matrix. Let E =
2.1X105 MN/m2 and µ=0.25. The coordinates are in mm. (16)

figure 4.3

4. Determine the element strains for an axisymmetric triangular element shown in figure 4.4.
The nodal displacements are u1= 0.001, u2= 0.002, u3= - 0.003, w1= 0.002, w2= 0.001, w3=
0.004. All dimensions are in cm. (16)

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ME 1401 INTRODUCTION OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

figure 4.4

5. The nodal coordinates for an axisymmetric triangular element at its three nodes are (r1 , z1)
= (30,10), (r2 , z2) = (50,10), (r3 , z3) = (40,60). Determine the strain displacement matrix for
that element. (16)

6. A long hollow cylinder of inside dia 80 mm and outside dia 120 mm is subjected to an
internal pressure of 40 bar as shown in figure 4.6. By using two elements pn the 20 mm
length, calculate the displacements at the inner radius. (16)

figure 4.6

7. Derive the expression for the stiffness matrix for an axisymmetric shell element (16)

UNIT V Isoparametric elements for two dimensional continuum

PART-A (2 Marks)

1. What is an ‘Iso-parametric element’?

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ME 1401 INTRODUCTION OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

2. Differentiate between Isoparametric, super parametric and sub parametric elements.

3. Write down the shape functions for 4-noded linear quadrilateral element using natural
coordinate system.
4. What is a ‘Jacobian transformation’?
5. What are the advantages of ‘Gaussian quadrature’ numerical integration for
isoparametric elements??
6. How do you calculate the number of Gaussian points in Gaussian quadrature method?
7. Find out the number Gaussian points to be considered for ∫ (x4+3x3-x) dx
8. What is the Jacobian transformation fro a two nodded isoparametric element?
9. What is meant by isoparametric formulation?
10. Sketch an general quadrilateral element and an isoparametric quadrilateral element.
11. How do you convert Cartesian coordinates into natural coordinates?
12. Write down the expression for strain-displacement for a four-noded quadrilateral element
using natural coordinates.

PART-B UNIT V (16 Marks)

1. Integrate f(x) = 10 + 20x – (3x2/10) + (4x3/100) – (-5x4/1000) + (6x5/10000) between 8 and 12.
Use Gaussian quadrature rule. (16)

2. Derive the stiffness matrix for a linear isoparametric element. (16)

3. Establish the strain displacement matrix for the linear quadrilateral element as shown in
figure 5.3. at Gauss point r= 0.57735 and s= -0.57735 (16)

figure 5.3

4. Write short notes on (a) Uniqueness of mapping of isoparametric elements. (b) Jacobian matrix
(c) Gaussian quadrature integration technique (16)
1 1

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ME 1401 INTRODUCTION OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

5. (a) Use Gaussian quadrature rule (n=2) to numerically integrate ∫ ∫ xy dx dy (16)

-1 -1
(b) Using natural coordinates derive the shape function for a linear quadrilateral element (16)
1
6. Evaluate the integral I = ∫ (3ex + x2 + 1/(x+2) dx using one point and two point Gauss- (16)
-1
quadrature. Compare this with exact solution.

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