(Effective Alternative Secondary Education)

MATHEMATICS III

Module 3
Triangle Congruence

Module 3
Department of Education
BUREAU OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT DIVISION
DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue,Pasig City
 Triangle Congruence

What this module is about

This module is about using triangle congruence to prove congruent segments

and angles. You will understand that a correspondence between two triangles is a
congruence if the corresponding angle and corresponding sides are congruent.

What you are expected to learn

This module is designed for you to:

1. prove congruent segments and angles using the conditions for triangle
congruence.

2. solve routine and non-routine problems.

How much do you know

1. Given: HS bisects  THE

 HTS   HES
T

Prove: TS  ES

H S

2. Given: PM // NS; PM  SN
P M
Prove: ML  LN

N S
3. Given: NO  XS; OE  SI; NI  XE

Prove:  O  S
O

E
N X
I

4. Given:  PNC and  TNC are isosceles triangles with common base NC.
P
Prove:  PNT   PCT

N C

T
5. Given: AE is the  bisector of BC
A
Prove:  B  C

B C
E
6. Given: CH  EH, FH  GH

D
Prove:  C  E

F G
 H

H
C E

7. Given:  A and  B are right angles and AP  BP.

Prove: AQ  BQ

A B

Q
8. Given:  1   2
O is the midpoint of SP

Prove: MO  NO
M

1 P
S O 2

N
9. Given: LO  LN
 JOL and  MNL are right  s

Prove:  J  K
J

N
O L

10. Given: PQ  RS
 QPR   SRP

Prove: SP  QR
P S

Q R
What you will do

Lesson

Congruent Segments and Congruent Angles

 To prove two segments or two angles are congruent, you must show that they
are corresponding parts of congruent triangles.

For triangle congruence, you have the following:

 SSS congruence
 SAS congruence
 ASA congruence
 SAA congruence

For right triangle congruence, you have the following:

 LL congruence
 LA congruence
 HyL congruence
 HyA congruence

Examples:

Formal Proofs:

1. Given: AB // DC, AD // BC

Prove: AB  CD

A D
3 2

1
4
B C

Proof:

Statement Reason

1. AB // DC, AD // BC 1. Given
2.  1   2,  3   4 2. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal,
then the alternate interior angles are 
3. BD  BD 3. Reflexivity
4.  ABD   CDB 4. ASA
5.  AB  DC 5. Corresponding parts of  triangles are 
or CPCTC
2. Given: LS bisects  TLE
 LTS   LES

Prove: TS  ES
T

S L

Proof:

Statement Reason

1. LS bisects  TLE 1. Given

2.  TLS   ELS 2. Definition of angle bisector
3. LS  LS 3. Reflexivity
4.  LTS   LES 4. Given
5.  TSL   ESL 5. SAA congruence
6. TS  ES 6. Corresponding parts of   s are 
or CPCTC

3. Given: MO  YS, OB  SP, MP  YB

Prove:  O  S
O

B
M Y
P

S
 Proof:

Statement Reason

1. MO  YS 1. Given
OB  SP
MP  YB

2. PB  PB 2. Reflexivity
3. MB  PY 3. By addition
4.  MOB   YSP 4. SSS congruence
5. O  S 5. CPCTC

4. Given: AR is the  bisector of BX.

Prove:  B  X
A

B X
R

Proof:

Statement Reason

1. AR is the  bisector of BX 1. Given

2. BR  XR 2. Definition of  bisector
3. AR  AR 3. Reflexivity
4.  ARB   ARX 4. LL congruence
5. B  X 5. CPCTC

5. Given:  1   2
O is the midpointDof SP

Prove: DO  SO
1 P
S O 2

S
 Proof:

Statement Reason

1.  1 +  DSO = 180° 1. Linear Pair of  s are supplementary

 2 +  SPO = 180°
2.  1 +  DSO=  2 +  SPO 2. Substitution Property
3. 1  2 3. Given
4.  DSO   SPO 4. Supplements of   s are also 
5. O is the midpoint of SP 5. Given
6. SO  PO 6. Definition of midpoint
7.  DOS   SOP 7. Vertical  s are 
8.  SDO   PSO 8. ASA congruence
9. DO  SO 9. CPCTC

Try this out

1. Given:  SLO and  KMO are right angles

LO  MO

Prove:  S  K

S K

L M
2. Given: XY  RS
 YXR  SRX
 Prove: SX  YR

X Y

S R

3. Given:  PNU and  TNU are isosceles triangles with common base NU
P
Prove:  PNT   PUT

O
N u

4. Given: CD  ED, FC  FE T

Prove:  C  E
C

D F

5. Given:  A and  C are right angles

 MC
AK M C

Prove: MA  KC

A K
6. Given: MN  NR, PR  NR, MR  PN

Prove: MN  NR

M P

N R

7. Given: AI  BN, BI  AN

Prove:  I  N
A B

I N

8. Given: In the figure, JV and NC bisect each other at O

Prove:  J  V
J C

N V
 9. Given: MQ and PN bisect each other at O

Prove:  P  N
N

M
Q O

10. Given: GQ  RS
 QGR   SRG

Prove: SG  QR

G Q

S R

Let’s summarize

To prove two segments or two angles are congruent, you must show that they
are corresponding parts of congruent triangles.
For triangle congruence, you have the following:

 SSS congruence
 SAS congruence
 ASA congruence
 SAA congruence

For right triangle congruence, you have the following:

 LL congruence
 LA congruence
 HyL congruence
 HyA congruence
 What have you learned

1. Given: TS bisects  MTE

 TMS   TES

Prove: TM  TE

S T

2. Given: PQ // NS; PQ  SN

Prove: QL  LN

P Q

N S

3. Given: XO  YS; OE  SI; XI  YE

 Prove:  O  S
O

E
X Y
I

4. Given:  PNQ and  TNQ are isosceles triangles with common base NQ.

P
Prove:  PNT   PQT

N Q

5. Given: HE is the  bisector of BC

H
Prove:  B  C

D
B C
6. Given: CG  EG, FG  HG E

Prove:  C  E
F H
G

C E
 H

7. Given:  R and  S are right angles and RP  SP.

P
Prove: RQ  SQ

R S

8. Given:  1   2
O is the midpoint of SP
R
Prove: RO  TO

1 P
S O 2

9. Given:  JLO and  KMO are right  s

LO  MO

Prove:  J  K
 J K

L M

10. Given: PQ  RS
 QPR   SRP

Prove: SP  QR

P Q

S R
 Answer key

How much do you know

1. Proof

Statement Reason
1.  HTS   HES 1. Given
2. HS bisects  THE 2. Given

3.  THS   EHS 3. Definition of  bisector

4. HS  HS 4. Reflexivity
5.  THS   EHS 5. SAA congruence
5. TS  ES 5. CPCTC

2. Proof:

Statement Reason
1. PM  SN 1. Given
2. PM // NS, 2. Given
3.  PLM   SLM 3. If 2 // lines cut by a transversal,
the alternate interior  s are 
4.  PLM   SLN 4. ASA congruence
5. ML  LN 5. CPCTC

3. Proof:

Statement Reason

1. NO  XS, OE  SI 1. Given
NI  XE
2. IE  IE 2. Reflexivity
3. NE  IX 3. By addition
4.  NOE   XSI 4. SSS congruence
5.  O   S 5. CPCTC

4. Proof:

Statement Reason

1.  PNC and  TNC 1. Given

are isosceles 
2. PN  PC, TN  TC 2. Definition of isosceles
3. PT  PT 3. Reflexivity
4.  PNT   PCT 4. SSS congruence
5.  PNT   PCT 5. CPCTC
5. Proof:
 Statement Reason

1. AE is the  bisector of BC 1. Given

2. BE  CE,  AEB &  AEC are rt.  s 2. Definition of  bisector
3. AE  AE 3. Reflexivity
4.  AEB   AEC 4. LL congruence
5. B  C 5. CPCTC

6. Proof:

Statement Reason

1. CH  EH, FH  GH 1. Given
2.  FHC   GHE 2. Vertical  s are 
3.  FHC   GHE 3. SAS
4. C  E 4. CPCTC

7. Proof:

Statement Reason

1.  A and  B are rt.  s 1. Given

AP  BP
2. PQ  PQ 2. Reflexivity
3.  PAQ   PBQ 3. HyL congruence
4. AQ  BQ 4. CPCTC

8. Proof:

Statement Reason
1.  1 +  MSD = 180° 1. Linear pair of  s are also 
 2 +  NPO = 180°
2.  1   2 2. Given
3.  MSO   NPO 3. Supplements of   s are also 
4. O is the midpoint of SP 4. Given
5. SO  PO 5. Definition of midpoint
6.  MOS   NOP 6. Vertical  s are 
7.  MDO   NPO 7. ASA congruence
8. MO  NO 8. CPCTC

9. Proof:

Statement Reason
 1.  JOL and  MNL are rt.  s 1. Given
2. LO  LN 2. Given
3.  JLO   MLN 3. Vertical  s are 
4.  JLO   MLN 4. LA congruence
5. J  K 5. CPCTC

10. Proof:

Statement Reason

1. PQ  RS 1. Given
 QPR   SRP
2. PR  PR 2. Reflexivity
3.  PSR   RQP 3. SAS congruence
4. SP  QR 4. CPCTC

Try this out

Lesson

1. Proof:

Statement Reason
1.  SLO and  KMO are rt.  s 1. Given
2.  SOL   KOM 2. Vertical  s are 
3.  SLO   KMO 3. LA congruence
4.  S   K 4. CPCTC

2. Proof:

Statement Reason

1. XY  RS 1. Given
 YXR   SRX
2. RX  RX 2. Reflexivity
3.  XYR   RSX 3. SAS congruence
4. SX  YR 4. CPCTC

3. Proof:

Statement Reason

1.  PNU and  TNU 1. Given

are isosceles 
 2. PN  PU, TN  TU 2. Definition of isosceles
3. PT  PT 3. Reflexivity
4.  PNT   PUT 4. SSS congruence
5.  PNT   PUT 5. CPCTC

4. Proof:

Statement Reason

1. CD  ED, FC  FE 1. Given
2. DF  DF 2. Reflexivity
3.  DCF   DEF 3. SSS congruence
4. C  E 4. CPCTC

5. Proof:

Statement Reason

1.  A and  C are rt.  s 1. Given

AK  CM
2. MK  KM 2. Reflexivity
3.  MCK   KAM 3. HyL congruence
4. MA  KC 4. CPCTC

6. Proof:

Statement Reason
1. MN  NR, PR  NR 1. Given
2.  MNR and  PRN are rts.  s 2. Definition of  lines
3. MR  PN 3. Given
4. NR  RN 4. Reflexivity
5.  MNR   PRN 5. Hyl congruence
6. MN  PR 6. CPCTC

7. Proof:

Statement Reason

1. AI  BN 1. Given
BI  AN
2. IN  NI 2. Reflexivity
 3.  AIN   BNI 3. SSS congruence
4.  I   N 4. CPCTC

8. Proof:

Statement Reason

1. JV and NC bisect 1. Given

each other at O
2. JO  VO 2. Definition of Segment Bisector
CO  NO
3.  JOC   VON 3. Vertical  s are 
4.  JOC   VON 4. SAS
5.  J   V 5. CPCTC

9. Proof:

Statement Reason

1. MQ and PN bisect 1. Given

each other at O
2. MO  QO 2. Definition of Segment Bisector
PO  NO
3.  POM   NOQ 3. Vertical  s are 
4.  POM   VOQ 4. SAS
5.  P   N 5. CPCTC

10. Proof:

Statement Reason

1. GQ  RS 1. Given
 QGR   SRG
2. RG  GR 2. Reflexivity
3.  QGR   SRG 3. SAS congruence
4. SG  QR 4. CPCTC

What have you learned

1. Proof

Statement Reason
1.  TMS   TES 1. Given
2. TS bisects  MHE 2. Given
3.  MTS   ETS 2. Definition of  bisector
4. TS  TS 4. Reflexivity
 5.  SMT   SET 5. SAA congruence
6. TM  TE 6. CPCTC

2. Proof:

Statement Reason

1. PQ // SN 1. Given
2.  QPL   NSL 2. If 2 // lines cut by a transversal,
the alternate interior  s are 
3.  PLQ   SLN 3. Vertical angles are 
4.  PQL   SNL 3. SAA congruence
5. QL  LN 4. CPCTC

3. Proof:

Statement Reason

1. XO  YS, OE  SI 1. Given
XI  YE
2. IE  IE 2. Reflexivity
3. XE  YI 3. By addition
4.  XOE   YSI 4. SSS congruence
5.  O   S 5. CPCTC

4. Proof:

Statement Reason

1.  PNQ and  TNQ 1. Given

are isosceles 
2. PN  PQ, TN  TQ 2. Definition of isosceles
3. PT  PT 3. Reflexivity
4.  PNT   PQT 4. SSS congruence
5.  PNT   PQT 5. CPCTC

5. Proof:

Statement Reason

1. HE is the  bisector of BC 1. Given

2. BE  CE,  HEB,  HEC are rt.  s 2. Definition of  bisector
3. HE  HE 3. Reflexivity
4.  HEB   HEC 4. LL congruence
5. B  C 5. CPCTC
6. Proof:

Statement Reason

1. CG  EG, FG  HG 1. Given
2.  FGC   HGE 2. Vertical  s are 
3.  FGC   HGE 3. SAS
4. C  E 4. CPCTC

7. Proof:

Statement Reason
1.  R &  S are rt.  s 1. Given
2. RP  SP 2. Given
3. PQ  PQ 3. Reflexivity
4.  PRQ   PSQ 4. HyL congruence
5. RQ  SQ 5. CPCTC

8. Proof:

Statement Reason
1.  1 +  RSP 1. Linear Pair of  s are supplementary
 2 +  TPO
2.  1   2 2. Given
3.  RSP   TPO 3. Supplements of   s are also 
4. O is the midpoint of SP 4. Given
5. SO  PO 5. Definition of midpoint
6.  SOR   POT 6. Vertical  s are 
7.  SOR   POT 7. ASA congruence
8. RO  TO 8. CPCTC

9. Proof:

Statement Reason
1.  JLO &  KMO are rt.  s 1. Given
2. LO  MO 2. Given
3.  LOJ   MOK 3. Vertical  s are 
4.  LOJ   MOK 4. LA congruence
5.  J   K 5. CPCTC

10. Proof:
Statement Reason

1. PQ  RS 1. Given
 QPR   SRP
2. PR  RP 2. Reflexivity
3.  QPR   SRP 3. SAS congruence
4. SP  QR 4. CPCTC