Trial questions applied chemistry for biomedical engineers

Circle only the correct statement(s)

1. A Nano particle (NP) is any substance;

a) Less than 100mm
b) Less than 100μm
c) More than 100nm
d) Less than 100nm
2. Currently recognized nanomaterials are:
a) Carbon based,
b) Metal based,
c) Composites
d) Plastic based
3. Nanostructures that have been engineered include;
a) Nano-composites
b) Nono-porous materials
c) nano-fibers
d) nano-sphere
4. Nanomaterials are chracterised by the following
a) A material that is non magnetic at gross state, may become magnetic /supermagnetic
at nano scale
b) Nano particles have their spins able to align in the direction of applied magnetic field,
making them behave as paramagnets
c) Shifting to nano-scale, the actual contact area of the surface decreases shiftings
hydrophobicity to higher level of super-hydrophobicity;
d) water-repelling surfaces do not allow fungal/algae growth on their surfaces by
accepting water deposition on their surface
5. After loading the nanoparticle with specific sensor and drug molecule(s)
a) The drug can be transported to the required site through blood stream
b) On detection of the affected tissue/cells/area by the functionalized surface group,
c) the drug is released locally on desired target (targeted drug delivery)
d) The drug concentrates in the blood stream before reaching the target
6. Surface activity of nanoparticles enhances by several folds the catalytic activity of metals
because
a) The surface area to volume ratio will decrease with nono size
b) The unsatisfied bonds lead to stability of nanoparticle
c) The nanonised particle is more active than at gross scale
d) The antagonistic combination of increased SA with high energetic associated with
nanoparticles increases the catalytic activity
7. Nanoporous membrane filters

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 a) Sieve out harmful bacteria
b) Sieve out harmless bacteria
c) Are permeable only to the molecules which can pass through the nano-porous
membrane
d) Are utilized in the filtering of water to get virus-free water
8. Biological Sensors are characterized by the following
a) Surface functionalized nanoparticles can trap a single carbon monoxide molecule
which evokes a slight change in the surface potential
b) The nono sensor detects a change in potential and can trigger an alarm for this
dangerous gas
c) Functionalized nanoparticles are used in the diagnosis of diabetes
d) The early diagnosis of diabetes by biological nano sensors is done by testing acetone
in urine

9. Liposomes are;
a) Formed when dry phospholipids are hydrated
b) Closed vesicles due to the hydrophilicity of lipids
c) Used as nano carriers for targeted drug delivery
d) Used in delivery of genes during gene therapy
10. Dendrimers are hyper branched, tree-like structures characterized by the following
a) Contain three different regions: core moiety, branching units, and a loosely packed
surface
b) Size is less than 10 nm
c) Size is greater than 10μm
d) Do not participate in drug delivery
11. Nanotechnology will protect the environment and providing sufficient energy for a
growing population globally through;
a) Better storage of energy,
b) Better conversion of energy into other forms,
c) Better enhanced renewable energy sources,
d) Use of catalytic converters at the chimney of industries to convert waste gases into
environmentally friendly products
12. Carbon nanotube (CNT) has the following salient features
a) It is a sheet of graphite rolled into a tube with bonds at the end of the sheet forming
the bonds that close the tube
b) Carbon nanotubes are built from sp2 carbon units to form rolled graphite layers
c) The commonest method used for the formation of CNTs is the chemical vapor
deposition (CVD)
d) The reactions leading to formation of CNTs occur in the reactor at low temperature
13. The formation of CNTs requires a catalyst which has an effect on the;

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 a) Nanotube diameter,
b) Growth rate,
c) Wall thickness,
d) Morphology,
14. The following are the limitations of CNTs
a) Cnts may induce prominent pulmonary hypo perfusion
b) Cnts are capable of producing pulmonary fibrosis
c) Cnts cause pulmonary toxicological changes
d) CNT fibres may lead to mesothelioma,
15. Continuous use of fossil fuels in automobiles increase the risk of;
a) Temperature stabilization of the earth’s atmosphere by forming a heat blanket in the
lower atmosphere
b) Global worming
c) Predictable rainfall patterns
d) Lowering sea level
16. Solar insolation;
a) It is a quantity indicating the amount of incident solar power on a unit surface,
b) The unit surface is measured in 1mm2
c) Insolation is commonly expressed in units of kW/mm2
d) The solar insolation on a unit surface oriented normal to the sun’s rays is called
SOLAR CONSTANT
17. Solar Irradiance;
a) It is an amount of solar energy received per unit surface in unit time
b) Is expressed in kW/h/m2
c) Its peak is at noon on a clear day.
d) It is affected by latitude, and hour angle.
18. Energy incident on a solar panel is affected by
a) Geographical location
b) Clearness index
c) Time of the day
d) Month of the year
19. Solar concentrator power systems:
a) Generate electricity with heat
b) Use mirrors and lenses to concentrate and focus sunlight onto a receiver
c) Use mirrors only to concentrate and focus sunlight onto a receiver
d) Use lenses only to concentrate and focus sunlight onto a receiver
20. Photovoltaic(PV) Solar Cells
a) Are cells made up of n- and p-type materials of either the same or different
compounds

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 b) The dopant in a PV material is monovalent charge that is added to an intrinsic
semiconductor to get an extrinsic semiconductor with improved electrical
conductivity
c) In the PV, the flow of electron from the n-type to the p-type causes a current to flow
in the opposite direction
d) PV cells generate an e.m.f which can be harnessed to run a motor or light a bulb
21. To install energy collecting device (PV cells or thermal plates)
a) It is required to find out the energy available at a place
b) You need to establish the latitude of the place
c) You have to know the longitude of the place
d) You need not to establish the peak sun hour
22. When light travels from vacuum to outer atmosphere to earth, solar energy is lost because
a) The rays collide with particles present in atmosphere
b) Of the water vapor there is refraction
c) The light rays are reflected because of clouds.
d) Latitude of the location, day (time in the year)
23. Insolation and it is affected by
a) The wavelengths of radiation and the photoperiod
b) The photoperiod and the intensity of light
c) The light intensity only
d) The wavelengths of radiation, the photoperiod & the intensity of light
24. Wind as a renewable energy has not been harnessed in most parts of Africa because;
a) It is not easily measured without special instruments
b) Wind velocity is affected by the trees yet Africa is endowed with many forests,
buildings, hills and valleys around us
c) wind energy cannot be contained or stored for use elsewhere or at another time
d) Wind speed in Africa is generally low to run the turbans in order to generate
sufficient energy
25. Tropical countries have a lot of hope in solar renewable energy as an alternative to fossil
fuels because;
a) It is a cleaner form of energy
b) In the tropics the hour angle is 15oC
c) Fossil fuels have been implicated in global warming
d) It releases much more energy than fossils fuels
26. Batteries are classified as wet batteries because?
a) The electrolyte is a liquid
b) The electrolyte is contained in a paste, gel or other solid matrix within the battery
c) Cannot be recharged.
d) Chemical reactions are reversible
27. Batteries are classified as dry batteries because?

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 a) The electrolyte is a liquid
b) The electrolyte is contained in a paste, gel or other solid matrix within the battery
c) Cannot be recharged.
d) Chemical reactions are reversible
28. Batteries are classified as primary because?
a) The electrolyte is a liquid
b) The electrolyte is contained in a paste, gel or other solid matrix within the battery
c) Cannot be recharged.
d) Chemical reactions are reversible
29. Batteries are classified as secondary because?
a) The electrolyte is a liquid
b) The electrolyte is contained in a paste, gel or other solid matrix within the battery
c) Cannot be recharged
d) Chemical reactions are reversible
30. Lead-acid storage batteries are
a) Are wet cell batteries
b) Dry cell batteries
c) Consisting of lead electrodes in a liquid lead nitrate as the electrolyte
d) They are composed of lead anode
31. Polymer are characterized by the following features
a) Structure connected by covalent bond
b) Produced from chemical reaction of small units, called “monomer” through a
polymerization reaction
c) Low strength and low viscosity
d) A few polymers are hydrocarbons
32. The following are biopolymers. Which group contains only polymers made up of only
carbon and hydrogen?
a) Cotton & sisal
b) Lignin & cellulose
c) Horn, cartilage, hair, hide, ligaments, tusks
d) Bone, shells, DNA
33. The following are synthetic polymers. Which ones are thermosets
a) Polystyrene
b) Polyvinylchloride
c) Melamines
d) Synthetic rubbers
34. Composites are;
a) Engineered materials made from two or more components that remain separate and
distinct while forming a single component

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 b) Made up of one material that forms a continuous matrix while the other provides the
reinforcement
c) Composed of two materials that are chemically reactive
d) Composed of interdiffusion at the reinforcement-matrix interface to reduce bonding
35. Composites are commonly found in:
a) Sinks, bathtubs, swimming pools
b) Plywood
c) Electrical boxes, circuit boards,
d) Concrete
36. The following are classifications of composites basing on their matrix material
a) Metal matrix composites (MMC’s)
b) Ceramic matrix composites (CMC’s)
c) Polymer matrix composites (PMC’s)
d) Organic matrix composites (OMC’s)
37. Metal Matrix Composites
a) Have their matrix is hard and rigid.
b) The reinforcement must have a low strength
c) The reinforcement-matrix bond is weak
d) Transfer the load from the matrix to the reinforcement
38. Polymer Matrix Composites
a) The matrix is soft and flexible
b) The reinforcement must have high strength and stiffness
c) Transfer the load from reinforcement to matrix,
d) The reinforcement-matrix bond is weak
39. Fiber reinforced composites are characterized by the following
a) Increased strength with large aspect ratio
b) Decreased strength with large aspect ratio
c) Increased strength as the fiber length increases
d) Decreased strength as the fiber length increases
40. Elastic and visco-elastic behaviour of polymers are characterised by the following
a) When stressed, there is a corresponding strain response
b) When the stress is removed the strain also returns to zero
c) in a perfectly elastic material all the deformation does not return to normal
d) The energy of elastically it is dissipated as heat or sound.
41. Requirements for Polymers to be Electrically Conducting include
a) Possession of free mobile of electrons through their structure,
b) Possession of conducting charges in their matrix
c) Have a backbone containing alternating double and single bonds
d) Possession of electrons in the double bonds which are in Pii-orbitals
42. Hardness of water

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 a) Is due to presence of soluble salts of calcium, magnesium and other heavier metals in
water.
b) Is the failure to form lather with soap.
c) Is due to presence of insoluble salts of calcium, magnesium and other heavier metals
in water.
d) Is both temporary hardness and permanent hardness
43. The scum or precipitate formed when hard water reacts with soap is due to the formation
of insoluble salts of;
a) Calcium ions
b) Magnesium ions
c) Both calcium and magnesium ions
d) Only calcium ions
44. Temporary hardness :
a) Caused by the presence of dissolved bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium
b) Caused by the presence of dissolved carbonates of calcium and magnesium
c) Caused by the presence of dissolved sulphates of calcium and magnesium
d) Can be removed by boiling
45. Permanent hardness :
a) Is due to presence of chlorides & sulphates of dissolved calcium , magnesium
b) Is due to presence of chlorides & sulphates of dissolved , iron & other heavy metals
c) Is due to the presence of dissolved bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium
d) Is due to the presence of dissolved carbonates of calcium and magnesium
46. Sludge differs scale by;
a) Being a loose/slimy precipitate
b) By being a hard, adhering crust
c) By being easily removed
d) By being difficult to remove
47. The scales may be formed inside the boiler due to;
a) By decomposition of calcium bicarbonate according to the equation

b) Deposition of calcium sulphate on the hotter parts of the boiler

c) Hydrolysis of magnesium salts according to the equation

d) Deposition of calcium or magnesium silicate (CaSiO3 and / or MgSiO3)

48. Which of the following statements explain why scales in boilers waste fuel
a) Scales have low thermal conductivity
b) The rate of heat transfer from boiler to inside water is reduced
c) Scales have high thermal conductivity

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 d) The rate of heat transfer from boiler to inside water is increased
49. Scales can be removed from the boilers by the following methods
a) Using a scraper or brush
b) Use of thermal shocks
c) Adding chemicals usually acids
d) Using a hammer
50. Regeneration of Zeolite in water treatment is achieved by using;
a) A concentrated solution of sodium chloride
b) A concentrated solution of brine
c) A concentrated solution of an acid
d) A concentrated solution of a base
51. Hardness of water is due to the presence of salts of
a) Potassium
b) Chlorine
c) Magnesium
d) Boron
52. Hardness of water is conventionally expressed in terms of equivalent amount of
a) H2CO3
b) MgCO3
c) CaCO3
d) Na2 CO3
53. The chemical equivalent of MgSO4 salt is (Mg=12, S=32, O=16)
a) 60
b) 47.5
c) 82
d) 68

Section B

54. a) What are polymer additives

b) Give examples of polymer additives
c) State the role of polymer additives in polymer fabrication
55. Use the words in brackets given to complete the following statements
i. Avoiding scale formation by adding organic substances like; kerosene, Tannin & agar
that get adsorbed over the scale forming precipitates is called?....................................
ii. Avoiding scale formation is avoided by adding sodium phosphate is called?.............
iii. Preventions of deposition of CaSO4 as scale and instead calcium is precipitated as
loose sludge of CaCO3 is called? …………………………..
iv. addition of sodium hexameta phosphate to boiler water to prevent the formation of
scale and sludge is called? ………………………..

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(Carbonate conditioning, Calgon conditioning, Colloidal conditioning, Radioactive conditioning
Phosphate conditioning,)

56.
57. a) What is boiler corrosion?
b) State three disadvantages of boiler corrosion
58. Write short notes on the following as used in polymer fabrication
a) Compression Molding
b) Injection Molding
c) Blow Molding
59. a) What is the difference between reverse osmosis and electro-dialysis
b) What are advantages of reverse osmosis over conventional methods of water
purification?
60. Write briefly on the application of the following properties/nanomaterials in biomedical
sciences
a) Para magnetism
b) Super hydrophobicity
c) Liposomes
61. Match the symbol that represents the property of the polymer

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