Sec Ike For Ipsec Vpns Xe 3s Book PDF

Internet Key Exchange for IPsec VPNs Configuration Guide, Cisco
IOS XE Release 3S
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 Configuring Internet Key Exchange for IPsec VPNs 1

Finding Feature Information 2
Prerequisites for IKE Configuration 2
Restrictions for IKE Configuration 2
Information About Configuring IKE for IPsec VPNs 3
Supported Standards for Use with IKE 3
IKE Benefits 4
IKE Main Mode and Aggressive Mode 5
IKE Policies Security Parameters for IKE Negotiation 5
About IKE Policies 5
IKE Peers Agreeing Upon a Matching IKE Policy 6
IKE Authentication 6
RSA Signatures 6
RSA Encrypted Nonces 7
Preshared Keys 7
Preshared Keys An Overview 7
ISAKMP Identity Setting for Preshared Keys 7
Mask Preshared Keys 8
Disable Xauth on a Specific IPsec Peer 8
IKE Mode Configuration 8
How to Configure IKE for IPsec VPNs 9
Creating IKE Policies 9
Troubleshooting Tips 12
What to Do Next 12
Configuring IKE Authentication 13
Prerequisites 13
Configuring RSA Keys Manually for RSA Encrypted Nonces 13
Configuring Preshared Keys 17
Internet Key Exchange for IPsec VPNs Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Release 3S
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Contents
Configuring IKE Mode Configuration 19

Configuring an IKE Crypto Map for IPsec SA Negotiation 20
Configuration Examples for an IKE Configuration 21
Example: Creating IKE Policies 21
Example: Creating 3DES IKE Policies 22
Example: Creating an AES IKE Policy 22
Example: Configuring IKE Authentication 23
Where to Go Next 24
Additional References 24
Feature Information for Configuring IKE for IPsec VPNs 25
CHAPTER 2 Call Admission Control for IKE 29

Prerequisites for Call Admission Control for IKE 29
Information About Call Admission Control for IKE 30
IKE Session 30
Security Association Limit 30
Limit on Number of In-Negotiation IKE Connections 30
System Resource Usage 31
How to Configure Call Admission Control for IKE 31
Configuring the IKE Security Association Limit 31
Configuring the System Resource Limit 32
Verifying the Call Admission Control for IKE Configuration 33
Configuration Examples for Call Admission Control for IKE 34
Example Configuring the IKE Security Association Limit 34
Example Configuring the System Resource Limit 34
Feature Information for Call Admission Control for IKE 35
CHAPTER 3 Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping 37

Prerequisites for Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping 37
Restrictions for Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping 38
Information About Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping 38
Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping Overview 38
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How Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping Works 39

Assigning an ISAKMP Profile and Group Name to a Peer 39
How to Configure Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping 40
Mapping the Certificate to the ISAKMP Profile 40
Verifying That the Certificate Has Been Mapped 41
Assigning the Group Name to the Peer 41
Monitoring and Maintaining Your Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping 42
Configuration Examples for Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping 43
Certificates Mapped to the ISAKMP Profile on the Basis of Arbitrary Fields Example 43
Group Name Assigned to a Peer That Is Associated with an ISAKMP Profile Example 43
Mapping a Certificate to an ISAKMP Profile Verification Example 43
Group Name Assigned to a Peer Verification Example 45
Feature Information for Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping 47
CHAPTER 4 Encrypted Preshared Key 49

Restrictions for Encrypted Preshared Key 49
Information About Encrypted Preshared Key 50
Using the Encrypted Preshared Key Feature to Securely Store Passwords 50
Changing a Password 50
Deleting a Password 50
Unconfiguring Password Encryption 50
Storing Passwords 51
Configuring New or Unknown Passwords 51
Enabling the Encrypted Preshared Key 51
How to Configure an Encrypted Preshared Key 51
Configuring an Encrypted Preshared Key 51
Monitoring Encrypted Preshared Keys 52
What To Do Next 53
Configuring an ISAKMP Preshared Key 54
Configuring an ISAKMP Preshared Key in ISAKMP Keyrings 55
Configuring ISAKMP Aggressive Mode 56
Configuring a Unity Server Group Policy 57
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Contents
Configuring an Easy VPN Client 58

Configuration Examples for Encrypted Preshared Key 60
Encrypted Preshared Key Example 60
No Previous Key Present Example 60
Key Already Exists Example 61
Key Already Exists But the User Wants to Key In Interactively Example 61
No Key Present But the User Wants to Key In Interactively Example 61
Removal of the Password Encryption Example 61
Where to Go Next 61
Related Documents 62
Standards 62
MIBs 62
RFCs 62
Technical Assistance 63
CHAPTER 5 Distinguished Name Based Crypto Maps 65

Feature Overview 66
Benefits 66
Restrictions 66
Supported Platforms 66
Supported Standards MIBs and RFCs 67
Prerequisites 67
Configuration Tasks 68
Configuring DN Based Crypto Maps (authenticated by DN) 68
Configuring DN Based Crypto Maps (authenticated by hostname) 68
Applying Identity to DN Based Crypto Maps 69
Verifying DN Based Crypto Maps 70
Configuration Examples 70
DN Based Crypto Map Configuration Example 70
CHAPTER 6 IPsec and Quality of Service 73
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Contents

Prerequisites for IPsec and Quality of Service 74
Restrictions for IPsec and Quality of Service 74
Information About IPsec and Quality of Service 74
IPsec and Quality of Service Overview 74
How to Configure IPsec and Quality of Service 75
Configuring IPsec and Quality of Service 75
Verifying IPsec and Quality of Service Sessions 76
Configuration Examples for IPsec and Quality of Service 77
QoS Policy Applied to Two Groups of Remote Users Example 77
show crypto isakmp profile Command Example 78
show crypto ipsec sa Command Example 79
Standards 79
MIBs 80
RFCs 80
Technical Assistance 80
Feature Information for IPsec and Quality of Service 80
CHAPTER 7 VRF-Aware IPsec 83

Restrictions for VRF-Aware IPsec 84
Information About VRF-Aware IPsec 84
VRF Instance 84
MPLS Distribution Protocol 84
VRF-Aware IPsec Functional Overview 84
Packet Flow into the IPsec Tunnel 85
Packet Flow from the IPsec Tunnel 85
How to Configure VRF-Aware IPsec 86
Configuring Crypto Keyrings 86
Configuring ISAKMP Profiles 88
What to Do Next 92
Configuring an ISAKMP Profile on a Crypto Map 92
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Contents
Configuring to Ignore Extended Authentication During IKE Phase 1 Negotiation 93

Verifying VRF-Aware IPsec 94
Clearing Security Associations 95
Troubleshooting VRF-Aware IPsec 96
Debug Examples for VRF-Aware IPsec 96
Configuration Examples for VRF-Aware IPsec 103
Example Static IPsec-to-MPLS VPN 103
Example IPsec-to-MPLS VPN Using RSA Encryption 105
Example IPsec-to-MPLS VPN with RSA Signatures 106
Example IPsec Remote Access-to-MPLS VPN 108
Upgrade from Previous Versions of the Cisco Network-Based IPsec VPN Solution 109
Site-to-Site Configuration Upgrade 109
Previous Version Site-to-Site Configuration 109
New Version Site-to-Site Configuration 109
Remote Access Configuration Upgrade 110
Previous Version Remote Access Configuration 110
New Version Remote Access Configuration 111
Combination Site-to-Site and Remote Access Configuration Upgrade 112
Previous Version Site-to-Site and Remote Access Configuration 112
New Version Site-to-Site and Remote Access Configuration 113
Feature Information for VRF-Aware IPsec 115
Glossary 117
CHAPTER 8 IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode 119

Prerequisites for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode 120
Restrictions for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode 120
Information About IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode 120
Overview 120
RADIUS Tunnel Attributes 121
How to Configure IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode 121
Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Attributes 121
Verifying RADIUS Tunnel Attribute Configurations 122
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Contents
Configuration Examples for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode 123

Hub Configuration Example 123
Spoke Configuration Example 124
RADIUS User Profile Example 124
Feature Information for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode 126
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Contents
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CHAPTER 1
Configuring Internet Key Exchange for IPsec
VPNs
This module describes how to configure the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol for basic IP Security
(IPsec) Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). IKE is a key management protocol standard that is used in
conjunction with the IPsec standard. IPsec is an IP security feature that provides robust authentication and
encryption of IP packets.
IPsec can be configured without IKE, but IKE enhances IPsec by providing additional features, flexibility,
and ease of configuration for the IPsec standard.
IKE is a hybrid protocol, that implements the Oakley key exchange and Skeme key exchange inside the
Internet Security Association Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) framework. (ISAKMP, Oakley, and
Skeme are security protocols implemented by IKE.)
Note Security threats, as well as the cryptographic technologies to help protect against them, are constantly
changing. For more information about the latest Cisco cryptographic recommendations, see the Next
Generation Encryption (NGE) white paper.
• Finding Feature Information, page 2

• Prerequisites for IKE Configuration, page 2
• Restrictions for IKE Configuration, page 2
• Information About Configuring IKE for IPsec VPNs, page 3
• How to Configure IKE for IPsec VPNs, page 9
• Configuration Examples for an IKE Configuration, page 21
• Where to Go Next, page 24
• Additional References, page 24
• Feature Information for Configuring IKE for IPsec VPNs, page 25
1
Configuring Internet Key Exchange for IPsec VPNs
Finding Feature Information

Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and
feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To
find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each
feature is supported, see the feature information table at the end of this module.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Prerequisites for IKE Configuration

• You should be familiar with the concepts and tasks explained in the module Configuring Security for
VPNs with IPsec.
• Ensure that your Access Control Lists (ACLs) are compatible with IKE. Because IKE negotiation uses
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) on port 500, your ACLs must be configured so that UDP port 500 traffic
is not blocked at interfaces used by IKE and IPsec. In some cases you might need to add a statement to
your ACLs to explicitly permit UDP port 500 traffic.
Restrictions for IKE Configuration

• The initiating router must not have a certificate associated with the remote peer.
• The preshared key must be by a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) on both peers. (To configure the
preshared key, enter the crypto isakmp key command.)
• The communicating routers must have a FQDN host entry for each other in their configurations.
• The communicating routers must be configured to authenticate by hostname, not by IP address; thus,
you should use the crypto isakmp identity hostname command.
• Use show crypto eli command to determine the software encryption limitations for your device. Without
any hardware modules, the limitations are as follows:
◦1000 IPsec security associations (SAs)
◦100 IKE SAs
◦50 Diffie-Hellman (DH) session keys
• Disable the crypto batch functionality, by using the no crypto batch allowed command to increase the
performance of a TCP flow on a Site-to-site VPN. However, disabling the crypto batch functionality
might have an impact on CPU utilization.
• Starting with Cisco IOS Release 15.0(1)SY and later, you cannot configure IPSec Network Security
features using crypto ipsec commands on Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series switches. For IPSec support on
these switches, you must use a hardware encryption engine.
2
Information About Configuring IKE for IPsec VPNs
Information About Configuring IKE for IPsec VPNs
Supported Standards for Use with IKE

Cisco implements the following standards:
• IPsec—IP Security Protocol. IPsec is a framework of open standards that provides data confidentiality,
data integrity, and data authentication between participating peers. IPsec provides these security services
at the IP layer; it uses IKE to handle negotiation of protocols and algorithms based on local policy and
to generate the encryption and authentication keys to be used by IPsec. IPsec can be used to protect one
or more data flows between a pair of hosts, between a pair of security gateways, or between a security
gateway and a host.
• ISAKMP—Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol. A protocol framework that
defines payload formats, the mechanics of implementing a key exchange protocol, and the negotiation
of a security association.
• Oakley—A key exchange protocol that defines how to derive authenticated keying material.
• Skeme—A key exchange protocol that defines how to derive authenticated keying material, with rapid
key refreshment.
Note Cisco no longer recommends using DES, 3DES, MD5 (including HMAC variant), and Diffie-Hellman
(DH) groups 1, 2 and 5; instead, you should use AES, SHA-256 and DH Groups 14 or higher. For more
information about the latest Cisco cryptographic recommendations, see the Next Generation Encryption
(NGE) white paper.
The component technologies implemented for use by IKE include the following:
• AES—Advanced Encryption Standard. A cryptographic algorithm that protects sensitive, unclassified
information. AES is privacy transform for IPsec and IKE and has been developed to replace the Data
Encryption Standard (DES). AES is designed to be more secure than DES: AES offers a larger key size,
while ensuring that the only known approach to decrypt a message is for an intruder to try every possible
key. AES has a variable key length—the algorithm can specify a 128-bit key (the default), a 192-bit
key, or a 256-bit key.
• DES—Data Encryption Standard. An algorithm that is used to encrypt packet data. IKE implements the
56-bit DES-CBC with Explicit IV standard. Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) requires an initialization
vector (IV) to start encryption. The IV is explicitly given in the IPsec packet.
Cisco IOS software also implements Triple DES (168-bit) encryption, depending on the software versions
available for a specific platform. Triple DES (3DES) is a strong form of encryption that allows sensitive
information to be transmitted over untrusted networks. It enables customers, particularly in the finance industry,
to utilize network-layer encryption.
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IKE Benefits
Note Cisco IOS images that have strong encryption (including, but not limited to, 56-bit data encryption feature
sets) are subject to United States government export controls, and have a limited distribution. Images that
are to be installed outside the United States require an export license. Customer orders might be denied
or subject to delay because of United States government regulations. Contact your sales representative or
distributor for more information, or send e-mail to [email protected].
• SEAL—Software Encryption Algorithm. An alternative algorithm to software-based DES, 3DES, and

AES. SEAL encryption uses a 160-bit encryption key and has a lower impact to the CPU when compared
to other software-based algorithms.
• SHA-2 and SHA-1 family (HMAC variant)—Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) 1 and 2. Both SHA-1 and
SHA-2 are hash algorithms used to authenticate packet data and verify the integrity verification
mechanisms for the IKE protocol. HMAC is a variant that provides an additional level of hashing. SHA-2
family adds the SHA-256 bit hash algorithm and SHA-384 bit hash algorithm. This functionality is part
of the Suite-B requirements that comprises four user interface suites of cryptographic algorithms for use
with IKE and IPSec that are described in RFC 4869. Each suite consists of an encryption algorithm, a
digital signature algorithm, a key agreement algorithm, and a hash or message digest algorithm. See the
Configuring Security for VPNs with IPsec feature module for more detailed information about Cisco
IOS Suite-B support.
• RSA signatures and RSA encrypted nonces—RSA is the public key cryptographic system developed
by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman. RSA signatures provide nonrepudiation, and RSA
encrypted nonces provide repudiation. (Repudation and nonrepudation have to do with traceability.)
• Diffie-Hellman—A public-key cryptography protocol that allows two parties to establish a shared secret
over an unsecure communications channel. Diffie-Hellman is used within IKE to establish session keys.
It supports 768-bit (the default), 1024-bit, 1536-bit, 2048-bit, 3072-bit, and 4096-bit DH groups. It also
supports a 2048-bit DH group with a 256-bit subgroup, and 256-bit and 384-bit elliptic curve DH
(ECDH). Cisco recommends using 2048-bit or larger DH key exchange, or ECDH key exchange.
• MD5—Message Digest 5 (Hash-Based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) variant). A hash algorithm
used to authenticate packet data. HMAC is a variant that provides an additional level of hashing.
IKE interoperates with the X.509v3 certificates, which are used with the IKE protocol when authentication
requires public keys. This certificate support allows the protected network to scale by providing the equivalent
of a digital ID card to each device. When two devices intend to communicate, they exchange digital certificates
to prove their identity (thus removing the need to manually exchange public keys with each peer or to manually
specify a shared key at each peer).
IKE Benefits
IKE automatically negotiates IPsec security associations (SAs) and enables IPsec secure communications
without costly manual preconfiguration. Specifically, IKE provides the following benefits:
• Allows you to specify a lifetime for the IPsec SA.
• Allows encryption keys to change during IPsec sessions.
• Allows IPsec to provide antireplay services.
• Permits certification authority (CA) support for a manageable, scalable IPsec implementation.
4
IKE Main Mode and Aggressive Mode
• Allows dynamic authentication of peers.
IKE Main Mode and Aggressive Mode

IKE has two phases of key negotiation: phase 1 and phase 2. Phase 1 negotiates a security association (a key)
between two IKE peers. The key negotiated in phase 1 enables IKE peers to communicate securely in phase
2. During phase 2 negotiation, IKE establishes keys (security associations) for other applications, such as
IPsec.
Phase 1 negotiation can occur using main mode or aggressive mode. Main mode tries to protect all information
during the negotiation, meaning that no information is available to a potential attacker. When main mode is
used, the identities of the two IKE peers are hidden. Although this mode of operation is very secure, it is
relatively costly in terms of the time required to complete the negotiation. Aggressive mode takes less time
to negotiate keys between peers; however, it gives up some of the security provided by main mode negotiation.
For example, the identities of the two parties trying to establish a security association are exposed to an
eavesdropper.
The two modes serve different purposes and have different strengths. Main mode is slower than aggressive
mode, but main mode is more secure and more flexible because it can offer an IKE peer more security proposals
than aggressive mode. Aggressive mode is less flexible and not as secure, but much faster.
In Cisco IOS software, the two modes are not configurable. The default action for IKE authentication (rsa-sig,
rsa-encr, or preshared) is to initiate main mode; however, in cases where there is no corresponding information
to initiate authentication, and there is a preshared key associated with the hostname of the peer, Cisco IOS
software can initiate aggressive mode. Cisco IOS software will respond in aggressive mode to an IKE peer
that initiates aggressive mode.
IKE Policies Security Parameters for IKE Negotiation

An IKE policy defines a combination of security parameters to be used during the IKE negotiation. You must
create an IKE policy at each peer participating in the IKE exchange.
If you do not configure any IKE policies, your router will use the default policy, which is always set to the
lowest priority and which contains the default value of each parameter.
About IKE Policies

Because IKE negotiations must be protected, each IKE negotiation begins by agreement of both peers on a
common (shared) IKE policy. This policy states which security parameters will be used to protect subsequent
IKE negotiations and mandates how the peers are authenticated.
After the two peers agree upon a policy, the security parameters of the policy are identified by an SA established
at each peer, and these SAs apply to all subsequent IKE traffic during the negotiation.
You can configure multiple, prioritized policies on each peer--e ach with a different combination of parameter
values. However, at least one of these policies must contain exactly the same encryption, hash, authentication,
and Diffie-Hellman parameter values as one of the policies on the remote peer. For each policy that you create,
you assign a unique priority (1 through 10,000, with 1 being the highest priority).
5
IKE Authentication
Tip If you are interoperating with a device that supports only one of the values for a parameter, your choice
is limited to the value supported by the other device. Aside from this limitation, there is often a trade-off
between security and performance, and many of these parameter values represent such a trade-off. You
should evaluate the level of security risks for your network and your tolerance for these risks.
IKE Peers Agreeing Upon a Matching IKE Policy

When the IKE negotiation begins, IKE searches for an IKE policy that is the same on both peers. The peer
that initiates the negotiation will send all its policies to the remote peer, and the remote peer will try to find
a match. The remote peer looks for a match by comparing its own highest priority policy against the policies
received from the other peer. The remote peer checks each of its policies in order of its priority (highest priority
first) until a match is found.
A match is made when both policies from the two peers contain the same encryption, hash, authentication,
and Diffie-Hellman parameter values.
If a match is found, IKE will complete negotiation, and IPsec security associations will be created. If no
acceptable match is found, IKE refuses negotiation and IPsec will not be established.
Note The parameter values apply to the IKE negotiations after the IKE SA is established. Depending on the
authentication method specified in a policy, additional configuration might be required (as described in
the section IKE Authentication, on page 6). If a peer’s policy does not have the required companion
configuration, the peer will not submit the policy when attempting to find a matching policy with the
remote peer.
IKE Authentication
IKE authentication consists of the following options and each authentication method requires additional
configuration.
RSA Signatures
With RSA signatures, you can configure the peers to obtain certificates from a CA. (The CA must be properly
configured to issue the certificates.) Using a CA can dramatically improve the manageability and scalability
of your IPsec network. Additionally, RSA signature-based authentication uses only two public key operations,
whereas RSA encryption uses four public key operations, making it costlier in terms of overall performance.
To properly configure CA support, see the module “Deploying RSA Keys Within a PKI.”
The certificates are used by each peer to exchange public keys securely. (RSA signatures requires that each
peer has the public signature key of the remote peer.) When both peers have valid certificates, they will
automatically exchange public keys with each other as part of any IKE negotiation in which RSA signatures
are used.
You can also exchange the public keys manually, as described in the section “Configuring RSA Keys Manually
for RSA Encrypted Nonces, on page 13.”
6
IKE Authentication
RSA signatures provide nonrepudiation for the IKE negotiation. And, you can prove to a third party after the
fact that you did indeed have an IKE negotiation with the remote peer.
RSA Encrypted Nonces

With RSA encrypted nonces, you must ensure that each peer has the public keys of the other peers.
Unlike RSA signatures, the RSA encrypted nonces method cannot use certificates to exchange public keys.
Instead, you ensure that each peer has the other’s public keys by one of the following methods:
• Manually configuring RSA keys as described in the section “Configuring RSA Keys Manually for RSA
Encrypted Nonces, on page 13.”
• Ensuring that an IKE exchange using RSA signatures with certificates has already occurred between
the peers. (The peers’ public keys are exchanged during the RSA-signatures-based IKE negotiations if
certificates are used.) To make that the IKE exchange happens, specify two policies: a higher-priority
policy with RSA encrypted nonces and a lower-priority policy with RSA signatures. When IKE
negotiations occur, RSA signatures will be used the first time because the peers do not yet have each
other’s public keys. Then future IKE negotiations can use RSA encrypted nonces because the public
keys will have been exchanged. This alternative requires that you already have CA support configured.
RSA encrypted nonces provide repudiation for the IKE negotiation; however, unlike RSA signatures, you
cannot prove to a third party that you had an IKE negotiation with the remote peer.
Preshared Keys
Preshared Keys An Overview

Preshared keys are clumsy to use if your secured network is large, and they do not scale well with a growing
network. However, they do not require use of a CA, as do RSA signatures, and might be easier to set up in a
small network with fewer than ten nodes. RSA signatures also can be considered more secure when compared
with preshared key authentication.
Note If RSA encryption is configured and signature mode is negotiated (and certificates are used for signature
mode), the peer will request both signature and encryption keys. Basically, the router will request as many
keys as the configuration will support. If RSA encryption is not configured, it will just request a signature
key.
ISAKMP Identity Setting for Preshared Keys

You should set the ISAKMP identity for each peer that uses preshared keys in an IKE policy.
When two peers use IKE to establish IPsec SAs, each peer sends its identity to the remote peer. Each peer
sends either its hostname or its IP address, depending on how you have set the ISAKMP identity of the router.
By default, a peer’s ISAKMP identity is the IP address of the peer. If appropriate, you could change the identity
to be the peer's hostname instead. As a general rule, set the identities of all peers the same way--either all
peers should use their IP addresses or all peers should use their hostnames. If some peers use their hostnames
and some peers use their IP addresses to identify themselves to each other, IKE negotiations could fail if the
7
IKE Mode Configuration
identity of a remote peer is not recognized and a Domain Name System (DNS) lookup is unable to resolve
the identity.
Mask Preshared Keys

A mask preshared key allows a group of remote users with the same level of authentication to share an IKE
preshared key. The preshared key of the remote peer must match the preshared key of the local peer for IKE
authentication to occur.
A m ask preshared key is usually distributed through a secure out-of-band channel. In a remote peer-to-local
peer scenario, any remote peer with the IKE preshared key configured can establish IKE SAs with the local
peer.
If you specify the mask keyword with the crypto isakmp key command, it is up to you to use a subnet address,
which will allow more peers to share the same key. That is, the preshared key is no longer restricted to use
between two users.
Note Using 0.0.0.0 as a subnet address is not recommended because it encourages group preshared keys, which
allow all peers to have the same group key, thereby reducing the security of your user authentication.
Disable Xauth on a Specific IPsec Peer

Disabling Extended Authentication (Xauth) for static IPsec peers prevents the routers from being prompted
for Xauth information--username and password.
IKE Mode Configuration

IKE mode configuration, as defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), allows a gateway to
download an IP address (and other network-level configuration) to the client as part of an IKE negotiation.
Using this exchange, the gateway gives an IP address to the IKE client to be used as an “inner” IP address
encapsulated under IPsec. This method provides a known IP address for the client that can be matched against
IPsec policy.
To implement IPsec VPNs between remote access clients that have dynamic IP addresses and a corporate
gateway, you have to dynamically administer scalable IPsec policy on the gateway once each client is
authenticated. With IKE mode configuration, the gateway can set up a scalable policy for a very large set of
clients regardless of the IP addresses of those clients.
There are two types of IKE mode configuration:
• Gateway initiation--Gateway initiates the configuration mode with the client. Once the client responds,
the IKE modifies the identity of the sender, the message is processed, and the client receives a response.
• Client initiation--Client initiates the configuration mode with the gateway. The gateway responds with
an IP address that it has allocated for the client.
8
How to Configure IKE for IPsec VPNs
How to Configure IKE for IPsec VPNs

If you do not want IKE to be used with your IPsec implementation, you can disable it at all IPsec peers via
the no crypto isakmp command, skip the rest of this chapter, and begin your IPsec VPN.
IKE is enabled by default. IKE does not have to be enabled for individual interfaces, but it is enabled globally
for all interfaces at the router.
Perform the following tasks to provide authentication of IPsec peers, negotiate IPsec SAs, and establish IPsec
keys:
Creating IKE Policies

Before You Begin
The following restrictions apply if you are configuring an AES IKE policy:
• Your device must support IPsec and long keys (the “k9” subsystem).
• AES cannot encrypt IPsec and IKE traffic if an acceleration card is present.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. crypto isakmp policy priority
4. encryption {des | 3des | aes | aes 192 | aes 256}
5. hash {sha | sha256 | sha384 | md5}
6. authentication {rsa-sig | rsa-encr | pre-share}
7. group {1 | 2 | 5 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 19 | 20 | 24}
8. lifetime seconds
9. exit
10. exit
11. show crypto isakmp policy
12. Repeat these steps for each policy you want to create.
9
DETAILED STEPS
Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 3 crypto isakmp policy priority Defines an IKE policy and enters config-isakmp configuration mode.
• priority —Uniquely identifies the IKE policy and assigns a priority to
Example: the policy. Valid values: 1 to 10,000; 1 is the highest priority.
Router(config)# crypto isakmp
policy 10
Step 4 encryption {des | 3des | aes | aes 192 | Specifies the encryption algorithm.
aes 256}
• By default, the des keyword is used.
Example: • des—56-bit DES-CBC (No longer recommended. AES is the
Router(config-isakmp)# encryption recommended encryption algorithm)
aes 256
• 3des—168-bit DES (No longer recommended. AES is the
recommended encryption algorithm)
• aes—128-bit AES
• aes 192—192-bit AES
• aes 256—256-bit AES
Step 5 hash {sha | sha256 | sha384 | md5} Specifies the hash algorithm.
• By default, SHA-1 (sha) is used.
Example:
Router(config-isakmp)# hash sha • The sha256 keyword specifies SHA-2 family 256-bit (HMAC variant)
as the hash algorithm.
• The sha384 keyword specifies SHA-2 family 384-bit (HMAC variant)
as the hash algorithm.
• The md5 keyword specifies MD5 (HMAC variant) as the hash algorithm.
(No longer recommended. SHA-256 is the recommended replacement.)
Step 6 authentication {rsa-sig | rsa-encr | Specifies the authentication method.

pre-share}
• By default, RSA signatures are used.
Example: • rsa-sig—RSA signatures require that you configure your peer
Router(config-isakmp)# routers to obtain certificates from a CA.
authentication pre-share
10

• rsa-encr—RSA encrypted nonces require that you ensure each
peer has the other peer’s RSA public keys.
• pre-share—Preshared keys require that you separately configure
these preshared keys.
Step 7 group {1 | 2 | 5 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 19 | 20 | Specifies the Diffie-Hellman (DH) group identifier.

24}
• By default, DH group 1 is used.
Example: • 1—768-bit DH (No longer recommended.)
Router(config-isakmp)# group 14
• 2—1024-bit DH (No longer recommended)
• 5—1536-bit DH (No longer recommended)
• 14—Specifies the 2048-bit DH group.
• 19—Specifies the 256-bit elliptic curve DH (ECDH) group.
• 20—Specifies the 384-bit ECDH group.
• 24—Specifies the 2048-bit DH/DSA group.
The group chosen must be strong enough (have enough bits) to protect the
IPsec keys during negotiation. A generally accepted guideline recommends
the use of a 2048-bit group after 2013 (until 2030). Group 14 or higher (where
possible) can be selected to meet this guideline. Even if a longer-lived security
method is needed, the use of Elliptic Curve Cryptography is recommended,
but group 15 and group 16 can also be considered.
Step 8 lifetime seconds Specifies the lifetime of the IKE SA.

• seconds—Time, in seconds, before each SA expires. Valid values: 60
Example: to 86,400; default value: 86,400.
Router(config-isakmp)# lifetime
180
Note The shorter the lifetime (up to a point), the more secure your IKE
negotiations will be. However, with longer lifetimes, future IPsec
SAs can be set up more quickly.
Step 9 exit Exits config-isakmp configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-isakmp)# exit
Step 10 exit Exits global configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# exit
11

Step 11 show crypto isakmp policy (Optional) Displays all existing IKE policies.
Example:
Router# show crypto isakmp policy
Step 12 Repeat these steps for each policy you —

want to create.
Examples
The following sample output from the show crypto isakmp policy command displays a warning message
after a user tries to configure an IKE encryption method that the hardware does not support:
Router# show crypto isakmp policy
Protection suite of priority 1
encryption algorithm: AES - Advanced Encryption Standard (256 bit keys).
WARNING:encryption hardware does not support the configured
encryption method for ISAKMP policy 1
hash algorithm: Secure Hash Standard 2 (256-bit)
authentication method: Pre-Shared Key
Diffie-Hellman group: #14 (2048 bit)
lifetime: 3600 seconds, no volume limit
Troubleshooting Tips
• Clear (and reinitialize) IPsec SAs by using the clear crypto sa EXEC command.
Using the clear crypto sa command without parameters will clear out the full SA database, which will clear
out active security sessions. You may also specify the peer, map, or entry keywords to clear out only a subset
of the SA database. For more information, see the clear crypto sa command in the Cisco IOS Security
Command Reference.
• The default policy and default values for configured policies do not show up in the configuration when
you issue the show running-config command. To display the default policy and any default values
within configured policies, use the show crypto isakmp policy command.
• Any IPsec transforms or IKE encryption methods that the current hardware does not support should be
disabled; they are ignored whenever an attempt to negotiate with the peer is made.
If a user enters an IPsec transform or an IKE encryption method that the hardware does not support, a warning
message will be generated. These warning messages are also generated at boot time. When an encrypted card
is inserted, the current configuration is scanned. If any IPsec transforms or IKE encryption methods are found
that are not supported by the hardware, a warning message will be generated.
What to Do Next
Depending on which authentication method you specified in your IKE policies (RSA signatures, RSA encrypted
nonces, or preshared keys), you must do certain additional configuration tasks before IKE and IPsec can
12
Configuring IKE Authentication
successfully use the IKE policies. For information on completing these additional tasks, refer to the Configuring
IKE Authentication, on page 13.”
To configure an AES-based transform set, see the module “Configuring Security for VPNs with IPsec.”

After you have created at least one IKE policy in which you specified an authentication method (or accepted
the default method), you need to configure an authentication method. IKE policies cannot be used by IPsec
until the authentication method is successfully configured.
Note Before configuring IKE authentication, you must have configured at least one IKE policy, which is where
the authentication method was specified (or RSA signatures was accepted by default).
To configure IKE authentication, you should perform one of the following tasks, as appropriate:
Prerequisites
You must have configured at least one IKE policy, which is where the authentication method was specified
(or RSA signatures was accepted by default).
Configuring RSA Keys Manually for RSA Encrypted Nonces
Note This task can be performed only if a CA is not in use.
To manually configure RSA keys, perform this task for each IPsec peer that uses RSA encrypted nonces in
an IKE policy.
13
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. crypto key generate rsa{general-keys} | usage-keys} [label key-label] [exportable] [modulus
modulus-size]
4. crypto key generate ec keysize [256 | 384] [label label-string]
5. exit
6. show crypto key mypubkey rsa
8. crypto key pubkey-chain rsa
9. Do one of the following:
• named-key key-name [encryption | signature]
• addressed-key key-address [encryption | signature]
10. address ip-address

11. key-string key-string
12. quit
13. Repeat these steps at each peer that uses RSA encrypted nonces in an IKE policy.
14. exit
15. exit
16. show crypto key pubkey-chain rsa [name key-name | address key-address]
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
Example:
Step 3 crypto key generate rsa{general-keys} | usage-keys} Generates RSA keys.

[label key-label] [exportable] [modulus modulus-size]
• If a key-label argument is not specified, the default
value, which is the fully qualified domain name
Example: (FQDN) of the router, is used.
Router(config)# crypto key generate rsa
general-keys modulus 360
Step 4 crypto key generate ec keysize [256 | 384] [label Generates EC keys.
label-string]
14

• The 256 keyword specifies a 256-bit keysize.
Example: • The 384 keyword specifies a 384-bit keysize.
Router(config)# crypto key generate ec keysize
256 label Router_1_Key • A label can be specified for the EC key by using the
label keyword and label-string argument.
Note If a label is not specified, then FQDN value is

used.
Step 5 exit (Optional) Exits global configuration mode.
Example:
Step 6 show crypto key mypubkey rsa (Optional) Displays the generated RSA public keys.
Example:
Router# show crypto key mypubkey rsa
Step 7 configure terminal Returns to global configuration mode.
Example:
Step 8 crypto key pubkey-chain rsa Enters public key chain configuration mode (so you can
manually specify the RSA public keys of other devices).
Example:
Router(config)# crypto key pubkey-chain rsa
Step 9 Do one of the following: Indicates which remote peer’s RSA public key you will
specify and enters public key configuration mode.
• named-key key-name [encryption | signature]
• If the remote peer uses its hostname as its ISAKMP
• addressed-key key-address [encryption |
identity, use the named-key command and specify the
signature]
remote peer’s FQDN, such as
somerouter.example.com, as the key-name.
Example: • If the remote peer uses its IP address as its ISAKMP

Router(config-pubkey-chain)# named-key identity, use the addressed-key command and specify
otherpeer.example.com
the remote peer’s IP address as the key-address.
Example:
Router(config-pubkey-chain)# addressed-key
10.1.1.2 encryption
Step 10 address ip-address Specifies the IP address of the remote peer.

• If you use the named-key command, you need to use
Example: this command to specify the IP address of the peer.
Router(config-pubkey-key)# address 10.5.5.1
Step 11 key-string key-string Specifies the RSA public key of the remote peer.
15

• (This key was previously viewed by the administrator
Example: of the remote peer when the RSA keys of the remote
Router(config-pubkey-key)# key-string router were generated.)
Example:
Router(config-pubkey)# 00302017 4A7D385B
1234EF29 335FC973
Example:
Router(config-pubkey)# 2DD50A37 C4F4B0FD
9DADE748 429618D5
Example:
Router(config-pubkey)# 18242BA3 2EDFBDD3
4296142A DDF7D3D8
Example:
Router(config-pubkey)# 08407685 2F2190A0
0B43F1BD 9A8A26DB
Example:
Router(config-pubkey)# 07953829 791FCDE9
A98420F0 6A82045B
Example:
Router(config-pubkey)# 90288A26 DBC64468
7789F76E EE21
Step 12 quit Returns to public key chain configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-pubkey-key)# quit
Step 13 Repeat these steps at each peer that uses RSA encrypted —
nonces in an IKE policy.
Step 14 exit Returns to global configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-pubkey-key)# exit
Step 15 exit Returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
16

Step 16 show crypto key pubkey-chain rsa [name key-name | (Optional) Displays either a list of all RSA public keys that
address key-address] are stored on your router or details of a particular RSA key
that is stored on your router.
Example:
Router# show crypto key pubkey-chain rsa
Configuring Preshared Keys

To configure preshared keys, perform these steps for each peer that uses preshared keys in an IKE policy.
Note Preshared keys do not scale well with a growing network. Mask preshared keys have the following
restrictions:
• The SA cannot be established between the IPsec peers until all IPsec peers are configured for the
same preshared key.
• The mask preshared key must be distinctly different for remote users requiring varying levels of
authorization. You must configure a new preshared key for each level of trust and assign the correct
keys to the correct parties. Otherwise, an untrusted party may obtain access to protected data.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. crypto isakmp identity {address | dn | hostname}
4. ip host hostname address1 [address2...address8]
• crypto isakmp key keystring address peer-address [mask] [no-xauth]
• crypto isakmp key keystring hostname hostname [no-xauth]

• crypto isakmp key keystring address peer-address [mask] [no-xauth]
• crypto isakmp key keystring hostname hostname [no-xauth]
7. Repeat these steps at each peer that uses preshared keys in an IKE policy.
17
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
Example:
Step 3 crypto isakmp identity {address | dn | Specifies the peer’s ISAKMP identity by IP address, by distinguished
hostname} name (DN) hostname at the local peer.
• address--Typically used when only one interface (and therefore
Example: only one IP address) will be used by the peer for IKE negotiations,
Router(config)# crypto isakmp identity
address and the IP address is known.
• dn--Typically used if the DN of a router certificate is to be
specified and chosen as the ISAKMP identity during IKE
processing. The dn keyword is used only for certificate-based
authentication.
• hostname--Should be used if more than one interface on the peer
might be used for IKE negotiations, or if the interface’s IP address
is unknown (such as with dynamically assigned IP addresses).
Step 4 ip host hostname address1 [address2...address8] If the local peer’s ISAKMP identity was specified using a hostname,
maps the peer’s host name to its IP address(es) at all the remote peers.
Example: (This step might be unnecessary if the hostname or address is already
Router(config)# ip host
RemoteRouter.example.com 192.168.0.1 mapped in a DNS server.)
Step 5 Do one of the following: Specifies at the local peer the shared key to be used with a particular
remote peer.
• crypto isakmp key keystring address
peer-address [mask] [no-xauth] • If the remote peer specified its ISAKMP identity with an address,
use the address keyword in this step; otherwise use the hostname
• crypto isakmp key keystring hostname
keyword in this step.
hostname [no-xauth]
• no-xauth--Prevents the router from prompting the peer for
Xauth information.
Example:
Router(config)# crypto isakmp key
sharedkeystring address 192.168.1.33 Note According to the design of preshared key authentication in
no-xauth IKE main mode, preshared keys must be based on the IP
address of the peers. Although you can send a hostname as
Example: the identity of a preshared key authentication, the key is
Router(config) crypto isakmp key searched on the IP address of the peer; if the key is not found
sharedkeystring hostname (based on the IP address) the negotiation will fail.
RemoteRouter.example.com
18
Configuring IKE Mode Configuration

Step 6 Do one of the following: Specifies at the remote peer the shared key to be used with the local
peer.
• crypto isakmp key keystring address
peer-address [mask] [no-xauth] • This is the same key you just specified at the local peer.
• crypto isakmp key keystring hostname • If the local peer specified its ISAKMP identity with an address,
hostname [no-xauth] use the address keyword in this step; otherwise use the hostname
keyword in this step.
Example:
Router(config) crypto isakmp key
sharedkeystring address 10.0.0.1
Example:
Router(config) crypto isakmp key
sharedkeystring hostname
LocalRouter.example.com
Step 7 Repeat these steps at each peer that uses preshared --

keys in an IKE policy.
Configuring IKE Mode Configuration
Note IKE mode configuration has the following restrictions:
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. ip local pool pool-name start-addr end-addr
4. crypto isakmp client configuration address-pool local pool-name
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
19
Configuring an IKE Crypto Map for IPsec SA Negotiation

Example:
Step 3 ip local pool pool-name start-addr end-addr Defines an existing local address pool that defines
a set of addresses.
Example:
Router(config)# ip local pool pool1 172.16.23.0
172.16.23.255
Step 4 crypto isakmp client configuration address-pool local References the local address pool in the IKE
pool-name configuration.
Example:
Router(config)# crypto isakmp client configuration
address-pool local pool1
Configuring an IKE Crypto Map for IPsec SA Negotiation
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. crypto map tag sequence ipsec-isakmp
4. set pfs {group1 | group2 | group5 | group14 | group15 | group16}
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
20
Configuration Examples for an IKE Configuration

Example:
Step 3 crypto map tag sequence Specifies the crypto map and enters crypto map configuration mode.
ipsec-isakmp
• The tag argument specifies the crypto map.
Example: • The sequence argument specifies the sequence to insert into the crypto
map entry.
Router(config)# crypto map example
1 ipsec-ipsec-isakmp • The ipsec-isakmp keyword specifies IPsec with IKEv1 (ISAKMP).
Step 4 set pfs {group1 | group2 | group5 | Specifies the DH group identifier for IPSec SA negotiation.
group14 | group15 | group16}
• By default, DH group 1 is used.
Example: • group1—768-bit DH (No longer recommended)
Router(config-isakmp)# set pfs 14 • group2—1024-bit DH (No longer recommended)
• group5—1536-bit DH (No longer recommended)
• group14—Specifies the 2048-bit DH group.
The group chosen must be strong enough (have enough bits) to protect the IPsec
keys during negotiation. A generally accepted guideline recommends the use
of a 2048-bit group after 2013 (until 2030). Either group 14 can be selected to
meet this guideline. Even if a longer-lived security method is needed, the use
of Elliptic Curve Cryptography is recommended, but group 15 and group 16
can also be considered.
Configuration Examples for an IKE Configuration
Example: Creating IKE Policies

This section contains the following examples, which show how to configure an AES IKE policy and a 3DES
IKE policy.
21
Example: Creating IKE Policies
Note Cisco no longer recommends using 3DES; instead, you should use AES. For more information about the
latest Cisco cryptographic recommendations, see the Next Generation Encryption (NGE) white paper.
Example: Creating 3DES IKE Policies

This example creates two IKE policies, with policy 15 as the highest priority, policy 20 as the next priority,
and the existing default priority as the lowest priority. It also creates a preshared key to be used with policy
20 with the remote peer whose IP address is 192.168.224.33.
crypto isakmp policy 15

encryption 3des
hash md5
authentication rsa-sig
group 2
lifetime 5000
!
lifetime 10000
!
crypto isakmp key 1234567890 address 192.168.224.33
In the example, the encryption DES of policy default would not appear in the written configuration because
this is the default value for the encryption algorithm parameter.
If the show crypto isakmp policycommand is issued with this configuration, the output is as follows:
Protection suite priority 15

encryption algorithm:3DES - Triple Data Encryption Standard (168 bit keys)
hash algorithm:Message Digest 5
authentication method:Rivest-Shamir-Adleman Signature
Diffie-Hellman group:#2 (1024 bit)
lifetime:5000 seconds, no volume limit
Protection suite priority 20
encryption algorithm:DES - Data Encryption Standard (56 bit keys)
hash algorithm:Secure Hash Standard
authentication method:preshared Key
Default protection suite
encryption algorithm:DES - Data Encryption Standard (56 bit keys)
hash algorithm:Secure Hash Standard
authentication method:Rivest-Shamir-Adleman Signature
Note that although the output shows “no volume limit” for the lifetimes, you can configure only a time lifetime
(such as 86,400 seconds); volume-limit lifetimes are not configurable.
Example: Creating an AES IKE Policy

The following example is sample output from the show running-configcommand. In this example, the AES
256-bit key is enabled.
Current configuration : 1665 bytes

!
version 12.2
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
22
Example: Configuring IKE Authentication
!
hostname "Router1"
!
!
ip subnet-zero
!
!
no ip domain lookup
!
ip audit notify log
ip audit po max-events 100
!
encryption aes 256
lifetime 180
crypto isakmp key cisco123 address 10.0.110.1
!
!
crypto ipsec transform-set aesset esp-aes 256 esp-sha-hmac
mode transport
.
.
.
Example: Configuring IKE Authentication

The following example shows how to manually specify the RSA public keys of two IPsec peer-- the peer at
10.5.5.1 uses general-purpose keys, and the other peer uses special-usage keys:
crypto key pubkey-chain rsa

named-key otherpeer.example.com
address 10.5.5.1
key-string
005C300D 06092A86 4886F70D 01010105
00034B00 30480241 00C5E23B 55D6AB22
04AEF1BA A54028A6 9ACC01C5 129D99E4
64CAB820 847EDAD9 DF0B4E4C 73A05DD2
BD62A8A9 FA603DD2 E2A8A6F8 98F76E28
D58AD221 B583D7A4 71020301 0001
quit
exit
addressed-key 10.1.1.2 encryption
key-string
00302017 4A7D385B 1234EF29 335FC973
2DD50A37 C4F4B0FD 9DADE748 429618D5
18242BA3 2EDFBDD3 4296142A DDF7D3D8
08407685 2F2190A0 0B43F1BD 9A8A26DB
07953829 791FCDE9 A98420F0 6A82045B
90288A26 DBC64468 7789F76E EE21
quit
exit
addressed-key 10.1.1.2 signature
key-string
0738BC7A 2BC3E9F0 679B00FE 53987BCC
01030201 42DD06AF E228D24C 458AD228
58BB5DDD F4836401 2A2D7163 219F882E
64CE69D4 B583748A 241BED0F 6E7F2F16
0DE0986E DF02031F 4B0B0912 F68200C4
C625C389 0BFF3321 A2598935 C1B1
quit
exit
exit
23
Where to Go Next
Where to Go Next
After you have successfully configured IKE negotiation, you can begin configuring IPsec. For information
on completing these tasks, see the module “Configuring Security for VPNs With IPsec.”
Additional References
Related Documents
Related Topic Document Title

Cisco IOS commands Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases
Security commands: complete command syntax,

command mode, command history, defaults, usage • Cisco IOS Security Command Reference
Commands A to C
guidelines, and examples
• Cisco IOS Security Command Reference
Commands D to L
Commands M to R
Commands S to Z
IPsec configuration Configuring Security for VPNs with IPsec
IKE Version 2 Configuring Internet Key Exchange Version 2 and

FlexVPN
Configuring RSA keys to obtain certificates from a Deploying RSA Keys Within a PKI
CA
Suite-B ESP transforms Configuring Security for VPNs with IPsec
Suite-B Integrity algorithm type transform Configuring Internet Key Exchange Version 2 and
configuration. FlexVPN
Suite-B Elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) Configuring Internet Key Exchange Version 2 and
support for IPsec SA negotiation FlexVPN
Suite-B support for certificate enrollment for a PKI Configuring Certificate Enrollment for a PKI
Recommended cryptographic algorithms Next Generation Encryption
24
Feature Information for Configuring IKE for IPsec VPNs
Standards
Standards Title
None --
MIBs
MIBs MIBs Link

None To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms,
Cisco IOS software releases, and feature sets, use
Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL:
http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs
RFCs
RFCs Title
RFC 2408 Internet Security Association and Key Management
Protocol (ISAKMP)
RFC 2409 The Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
RFC 2412 The OAKLEY Key Determination Protocol
Technical Assistance
Description Link
The Cisco Support and Documentation website http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html
provides online resources to download documentation,
software, and tools. Use these resources to install and
configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve
technical issues with Cisco products and technologies.
Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and
Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID
and password.

The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This
table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release
train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
25
Table 1: Feature Information for Configuring IKE for IPsec VPNs
Feature Name Releases Feature Information

Ability to Disable Extended 12.2(4)T This feature allows a user to
Authentication for Static IPsec disable Xauth while configuring
Peers the preshared key for
router-to-router IPsec. Thus, the
router will not prompt the peer for
a username and password, which
are transmitted when Xauth occurs
for VPN-client-to-Cisco-IOS IPsec.
The following command was
modified by this feature: crypto
isakmp key.
Advanced Encryption Standard 12.2(8)T This feature adds support for the
(AES) new encryption standard AES,
which is a privacy transform for
IPsec and IKE and has been
developed to replace DES.
The following commands were
ipsec transform-set, encryption
(IKE policy), show crypto ipsec
transform-set, crypto ipsec
transform-set, show crypto
isakmp policy.
SEAL Encryption 12.3(7)T This feature adds support for SEAL

encryption in IPsec.
ipsec transform-set.
26

Suite-B support in IOS SW crypto 15.1(2)T Suite-B adds support in the Cisco
IOS for the SHA-2 family (HMAC
variant) hash algorithm used to
authenticate packet data and verify
the integrity verification
mechanisms for the IKE protocol.
HMAC is a variant that provides
an additional level of hashing. This
feature also adds elliptic curve
Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) support
for IPsec SA negotiation.
See the Configuring Security for
VPNs with IPsec feature module
for more detailed information about
Cisco IOS Suite-B support.
modified by this feature:
authentication, crypto key
generate ec keysize, crypto map,
group, hash, set pfs.
27
28
CHAPTER 2
Call Admission Control for IKE
The Call Admission Control for IKE feature describes the application of Call Admission Control (CAC) to
the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol in Cisco IOS software. CAC limits the number of simultaneous
IKE and IPsec security associations (SAs) that is, calls to CAC that a router can establish.

• Prerequisites for Call Admission Control for IKE, page 29
• Information About Call Admission Control for IKE, page 30
• How to Configure Call Admission Control for IKE, page 31
• Configuration Examples for Call Admission Control for IKE, page 34
• Feature Information for Call Admission Control for IKE, page 35

Prerequisites for Call Admission Control for IKE

• Configure IKE on the device.
29
Information About Call Admission Control for IKE
Information About Call Admission Control for IKE
IKE Session
There are two ways to limit the number of Internet Key Exchange (IKE) security associations (SAs) that a
device can establish to or from another device:
• Configure the absolute IKE SA limit by entering the crypto call admission limit command. The device
drops new IKE SA requests when the configured limit is reached.
• Configure the system resource limit by entering the call admission limit command. The device drops
new IKE SA requests when the level of system resources that are configured in the unit of charge is
being used.
Call Admission Control (CAC) is applied only to new SAs (that is, when an SA does not already exist between
peers). Every effort is made to preserve existing SAs. New SA requests are denied due to a lack of system
resources or because the configured IKE SA limit is reached.
Security Association Limit

An SA is a description of how two or more entities will utilize security services to communicate securely on
behalf of a particular data flow. IKE requires and uses SAs to identify the parameters of its connections. IKE
can negotiate and establish its own SA. An IKE SA is used by IKE only, and it is bidirectional. An IKE SA
cannot limit IPsec.
IKE drops SA requests based on a user-configured SA limit. To configure an IKE SA limit, enter the crypto
call admission limit command. When there is a new SA request from a peer router, IKE determines whether
the number of active IKE SAs plus the number of SAs being negotiated meets or exceeds the configured SA
limit. If the number is greater than or equal to the limit, the new SA request is rejected and a syslog is generated.
This log contains the source destination IP address of the SA request.
The ipsec sa number and ike sa number keyword and argument pairs in the crypto call admission
limitcommand set the limit for the number of established IPsec SAs and IKE SAs.
Limit on Number of In-Negotiation IKE Connections

You can limit the number of in-negotiation IKE connections that can be configured on a device based on your
Cisco release. This type of IKE connection represents either an aggressive mode IKE SA or a main mode IKE
SA prior to its authentication and actual establishment. The default value for maximum in-negotiation CAC
for IKEv2 is 40.
You can use the crypto call admission limit ike in-negotiation-sa number command to specify the maximum
number of Internet Key Exchange (IKE) and IPsec security associations (SAs) that the device can establish
before IKE begins rejecting the new SA requests.
The all in-negotiation-sa number and ike in-negotiation-sa number keyword and argument pairs in the
crypto call admission limit command limit all SAs in negotiation and IKE SAs in negotiation.
30
System Resource Usage
System Resource Usage

CAC polls a global resource monitor so that IKE knows when the router is running short of CPU cycles or
memory buffers. You can configure a limit, in the range 1 to 100000, that represents the level of system
resource usage in system resource usage units. When that level of resources is being used, IKE drops (will
not accept new) SA requests. To configure the system resource usage limit, enter the call admission limit
command.
For each incoming new SA request, the current load on the router is converted into a numerical value,
representing the system resource usage level, and is compared to the resource limit set by the call admission
limit command. If the current load is more than the configured resource limit, IKE drops the new SA request.
Load on the router includes active SAs, CPU usage, and SA requests being considered.
The call admission load command configures a multiplier value from 0 to 1000 that represents a scaling
factor for current system resource usage and a load metric poll rate of 1 to 32 seconds. The numerical value
for the system resource usage level is calculated by the formula (scaling factor * current system resource
usage) / 100. It is recommended that the call admission load command not be used unless advised by a Cisco
Technical Assistance Center (TAC) engineer.
How to Configure Call Admission Control for IKE
Configuring the IKE Security Association Limit

Perform this task to configure the absolute IKE SA limit. The router drops new IKE SA requests when the
limit has been reached.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. crypto call admission limit {all in-negotiation-sa number | ipsec sa number | ike {in-negotiation-sa
number | sa number}}
4. exit
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
31
Configuring the System Resource Limit

Example:
Step 3 crypto call admission limit {all in-negotiation-sa Specifies the maximum number of IKE SAs or total SAs in
number | ipsec sa number | ike {in-negotiation-sa negotiation or the maximum IKE SAs or IPsec SAs that can
number | sa number}} be established before IKE begins rejecting new SA requests.
The recommended CAC value for IKEv1 is 40.
Example:
Router(config)# crypto call admission limit
ike sa 25
Step 4 exit Exits global configuration mode and returns to privileged

EXEC mode.
Example:
Configuring the System Resource Limit

Perform this task to configure the system resource limit. The router drops new IKE SA requests when the
level of system resources that are configured in the unit of charge is being used.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. call admission limit charge
4. exit
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
32
Verifying the Call Admission Control for IKE Configuration

Example:
Step 3 call admission limit charge Sets the level of the system resources that, when used, causes
IKE to stop accepting new SA requests.
Example: • charge --Valid values are 1 to 100000.
Router(config)# call admission limit 1000
Step 4 exit Exits global configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC
mode.
Example:
Verifying the Call Admission Control for IKE Configuration

To verify the CAC for IKE configuration, perform the following steps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. show call admission statistics

2. show crypto call admission statistics
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1 show call admission statistics

Use this command to monitor the global CAC configuration parameters and the behavior of CAC.
Example:
Router# show call admission statistics
Total Call admission charges: 82, limit 1000
Total calls rejected 1430, accepted 0
Load metric: charge 82, unscaled 82%
Step 2 show crypto call admission statistics

Use this command to monitor crypto CAC statistics.
Example:
Router# show crypto call admission statistics
---------------------------------------------------------------------
33
Configuration Examples for Call Admission Control for IKE
Crypto Call Admission Control Statistics

---------------------------------------------------------------------
System Resource Limit: 111 Max IKE SAs: 0 Max in nego: 1000
Total IKE SA Count: 0 active: 0 negotiating: 0
Incoming IKE Requests: 0 accepted: 0 rejected: 0
Outgoing IKE Requests: 0 accepted: 0 rejected: 0
Rejected IKE Requests: 0 rsrc low: 0 Active SA limit: 0
In-neg SA limit: 0
IKE packets dropped at dispatch: 0
Max IPSEC SAs: 111
Total IPSEC SA Count: 0 active: 0 negotiating: 0
Incoming IPSEC Requests: 0 accepted: 0 rejected: 0
Outgoing IPSEC Requests: 0 accepted: 0 rejected: 0
Phase1.5 SAs under negotiation: 0
Configuration Examples for Call Admission Control for IKE
Example Configuring the IKE Security Association Limit

The following example shows how to specify a maximum limit of 25 SAs before IKE starts rejecting new
SA requests:
Router(config)# crypto call admission limit ike sa 25
Example Configuring the System Resource Limit

The following example shows how to specify that IKE should drop SA requests when the level of system
resources that are configured in the unit of charge reaches 9000:
Router(config)# call admission limit 9000
Related Documents

Cisco IOS commands Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases
Configuring IKE Configuring Internet Key Exchange for IPsec VPNs
IKE commands Cisco IOS Security Command Reference
34
Feature Information for Call Admission Control for IKE
Standards
Standards Title
None --
MIBs
MIBs MIBs Link

Cisco software releases, and feature sets, use Cisco
MIB Locator found at the following URL:
RFCs
RFCs Title
RFC 2409 The Internet Key Exchange
Description Link
and password.

35
Table 2: Feature Information for Call Admission Control for IKE

Call Admission Control for IKE 12.3(8)T 12.2(18)SXD1 12.4(6)T The Call Admission Control for
12.2(33)SRA 12.2(33)SXH IKE feature describes the
application of Call Admission
Control (CAC) to the Internet Key
Exchange (IKE) protocol in Cisco
IOS software.
In Cisco IOS Release 12.3(8)T, this
feature was introduced.
This feature was integrated into
Cisco IOS Release 12.2(18)SXD1
and implemented on the Cisco
6500 and Cisco 7600 routers.
In Cisco IOS Release 12.4(6)T, the
ability to configure a limit on the
number of in-negotiation IKE
connections was added.
The following sections provide
information about this feature:
introduced or modified: call
admission limit, clear crypto call
admission statistics, crypto call
admission limit, show call
admission statistics, show crypto
call admission statistics.
IKEv1 Hardening 15.1(3)T The IKEv1 hardening feature

describes the enhancements made
to the Call Admission Control
(CAC) for IKE feature.
In Cisco IOS Release 15.1(3)T, this
feature was introduced.
introduced or modified: crypto call
admission limit, show crypto call
admission statistics.
36
CHAPTER 3
Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping
The Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping feature enables you to assign an Internet Security Association
and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) profile to a peer on the basis of the contents of arbitrary fields
in the certificate. In addition, this feature allows you to assign a group name to those peers that are assigned
an ISAKMP profile.

• Prerequisites for Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping, page 37
• Restrictions for Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping, page 38
• Information About Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping, page 38
• How to Configure Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping, page 40
• Configuration Examples for Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping, page 43
• Feature Information for Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping, page 47

Prerequisites for Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping

• You should be familiar with configuring certificate maps.
• You should be familiar with configuring ISAKMP profiles.
37
Restrictions for Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping
Restrictions for Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping

This feature is not applicable if you use Rivest, Shamir, and Adelman (RSA)-signature or RSA-encryption
authentication without certificate exchange. ISAKMP peers must be configured for RSA-signature or
RSA-encryption authentication using certificates.
IPsec with two trustpoints enrolled in the same Certificate Authority (CA) server is not supported. When there
are two or more ISAKMP profiles, each having a different trustpoint enrolled in the same CA server, the
responder selects the last global trustpoint. (Trustpoints are selected in the reverse order in which they are
defined globally). For the IPsec tunnel establishment to be successful for peers, the trustpoint selected by the
initiator should match the trustpoint selected by the responder. All other IPsec tunnels will fail to establish
connection if the trustpoints do not match.
Information About Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping
Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping Overview

Prior to Cisco IOS Release 12.3(8)T, the only way to map a peer to an ISAKMP profile was as follows. The
ISAKMP identity field in the ISAKMP exchange was used for mapping a peer to an ISAKMP profile. When
certificates were used for authentication, the ISAKMP identity payload contained the subject name from the
certificate. If a CA did not provide the required group value in the first Organizational Unit (OU) field of a
certificate, an ISAKMP profile could not be assigned to a peer.
Effective with Cisco IOS Release 12.3(8)T, a peer can still be mapped as explained above. However, the
Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping feature enables you to assign an ISAKMP profile to a peer on the
basis of the contents of arbitrary fields in the certificate. You are no longer limited to assigning an ISAKMP
profile on the basis of the subject name of the certificate. In addition, this feature allows you to assign a group
to a peer to which an ISAKMP profile has been assigned.
38
How Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping Works
How Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping Works

The figure below illustrates how certificate maps may be attached to ISAKMP profiles and assigned group
names.
Figure 1: Certificate Maps Mapped for Profile Group Assignment
A certificate map can be attached to only one ISAKMP profile although an ISAKMP profile can have several
certificate maps attached to it.
Certificate maps provide the ability for a certificate to be matched with a given set of criteria. ISAKMP profiles
can bind themselves to certificate maps, and if the presented certificate matches the certificate map present
in an ISAKMP profile, the peer will be assigned the ISAKMP profile. If the ISAKMP profile contains a client
configuration group name, the same group name will be assigned to the peer. This ISAKMP profile information
will override the information in the ID_KEY_ID identity or in the first OU field of the certificate.
Assigning an ISAKMP Profile and Group Name to a Peer

To assign an ISAKMP profile to a peer on the basis of arbitrary fields in the certificate, use the match
certificate command after the ISAKMP profile has been defined.
To associate a group name with an ISAKMP profile that will be assigned to a peer, use the client configuration
group command, also after the ISAKMP profile has been defined.
39
How to Configure Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping
How to Configure Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping
Mapping the Certificate to the ISAKMP Profile

To map the certificate to the ISAKMP profile, perform the following steps. This configuration will enable
you to assign the ISAKMP profile to a peer on the basis of the contents of arbitrary fields in the certificate.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. crypto isakmp profile profile-name
4. match certificate certificate-map
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router# enable
Example:
Step 3 crypto isakmp profile profile-name Defines an ISAKMP profile and enters into crypto
ISAKMP profile configuration mode.
Example:
Router (config)# crypto isakmp profile vpnprofile
Step 4 match certificate certificate-map Accepts the name of a certificate map.
Example:
Router (conf-isa-prof)# match certificate map1
40
Verifying That the Certificate Has Been Mapped
Verifying That the Certificate Has Been Mapped

The following show command may be used to verify that the subject name of the certificate map has been
properly configured.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. show crypto ca certificates
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router# enable
Step 2 show crypto ca certificates Displays information about your certificate.
Example:
Router# show crypto ca certificates
Assigning the Group Name to the Peer

To associate a group name with a peer when the peer is mapped to an ISAKMP profile, perform the following
steps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
4. client configuration group group-name
DETAILED STEPS

41
Monitoring and Maintaining Your Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping

Example:
Router# enable
Example:
Step 3 crypto isakmp profile profile-name Defines an ISAKMP profile and enters into isakmp profile
configuration mode.
Example:
Router (config)# crypto isakmp profile
vpnprofile
Step 4 client configuration group group-name Accepts the name of a group that will be assigned to a peer
when the peer is assigned this crypto ISAKMP profile.
Example:
Router (conf-isa-prof)# client configuration
group group1
Monitoring and Maintaining Your Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping

To monitor and maintain your certificate to ISAKMP profile mapping, you may use the following debug
command.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. debug crypto isakmp
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router# enable
42
Configuration Examples for Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping

Step 2 debug crypto isakmp Displays output showing that the certificate has gone through certificate
map matching and that the certificate matches the ISAKMP profile.
Example: The command may also be used to verify that the peer has been assigned
Router# debug crypto isakmp a group.
Configuration Examples for Certificate to ISAKMP Profile

Mapping
Certificates Mapped to the ISAKMP Profile on the Basis of Arbitrary Fields

Example
The following configuration example shows that whenever a certificate contains “ou = green,” the ISAKMP
profile “cert_pro” will be assigned to the peer:
crypto pki certificate map cert_map 10

subject-name co ou = green
!
!
crypto isakmp identity dn
crypto isakmp profile cert_pro
ca trust-point 2315
ca trust-point LaBcA
initiate mode aggressive
match certificate cert_map
Group Name Assigned to a Peer That Is Associated with an ISAKMP Profile

Example
The following example shows that the group “some_group” is to be associated with a peer that has been
assigned an ISAKMP profile:
crypto isakmp profile id_profile

ca trust-point 2315
match identity host domain cisco.com
client configuration group some_group
Mapping a Certificate to an ISAKMP Profile Verification Example

The following examples show that a certificate has been mapped to an ISAKMP profile. The examples include
the configurations for the responder and initiator, show command output verifying that the subject name of
43
Mapping a Certificate to an ISAKMP Profile Verification Example
the certificate map has been configured, and debug command output showing that the certificate has gone
through certificate map matching and been matched to the ISAKMP profile.
Responder Configuration
crypto pki certificate map cert_map 10

! The above line is the certificate map definition.
subject-name co ou = green
! The above line shows that the subject name must have “ou = green.”
!
crypto isakmp profile certpro
! The above line shows that this is the ISAKMP profile that will match if the certificate
of the peer matches cert_map (shown on third line below).
ca trust-point 2315
Initiator Configuration
crypto ca trustpoint LaBcA

enrollment url http://10.76.82.20:80/cgi-bin/openscep
subject-name ou=green,c=IN
! The above line ensures that the subject name “ou = green” is set.
revocation-check none
show crypto ca certificates Command Output for the Initiator
Router# show crypto ca certificates

Certificate
Status: Available
Certificate Serial Number: 21
Certificate Usage: General Purpose
Issuer:
cn=blue-lab CA
o=CISCO
c=IN
Subject:
Name: Router1.cisco.com
c=IN
ou=green
! The above line is a double check that “ou = green” has been set as the subject name.
hostname=Router1.cisco.com
Validity Date:
start date: 14:34:30 UTC Mar 31 2004
end date: 14:34:30 UTC Apr 1 2009
renew date: 00:00:00 UTC Jan 1 1970
Associated Trustpoints: LaBcA
debug crypto isakmp Command Output for the Responder
Router# debug crypto isakmp

6d23h: ISAKMP (0:268435460): received packet from 192.0.0.2 dport 500 sport 500 Global (R)
MM_KEY_EXCH
6d23h: ISAKMP: Main Mode packet contents (flags 1, len 892):
6d23h: ID payload
6d23h: FQDN <Router1.cisco.com> port 500 protocol 17
6d23h: CERT payload
6d23h: SIG payload
6d23h: KEEPALIVE payload
6d23h: NOTIFY payload
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:4:HW:2):Input = IKE_MESG_FROM_PEER, IKE_MM_EXCH
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:4:HW:2):Old State = IKE_R_MM4 New State = IKE_R_MM5
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:4:HW:2): processing ID payload. message ID = 0
44
Group Name Assigned to a Peer Verification Example
6d23h: ISAKMP (0:268435460): ID payload

next-payload : 6
type : 2
FQDN name : Router1.cisco.com
protocol : 17
port : 500
length : 28
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:4:HW:2):: peer matches *none* of the profiles
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:4:HW:2): processing CERT payload. message ID = 0
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:4:HW:2): processing a CT_X509_SIGNATURE cert
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:4:HW:2): peer's pubkey isn't cached
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:4:HW:2): OU = green
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:4:HW:2): certificate map matches certpro profile
! The above line shows that the certificate has gone through certificate map matching and
that it matches the “certpro” profile.
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:4:HW:2): Trying to re-validate CERT using new profile
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:4:HW:2): Creating CERT validation list: 2315, LaBcA,
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:4:HW:2): CERT validity confirmed.
Group Name Assigned to a Peer Verification Example

The following configuration and debug output show that a group has been assigned to a peer.
Initiator Configuration
crypto isakmp profile certpro

ca trust-point 2315
client configuration group new_group
! The statement on the above line will assign the group “new_group” to any peer that matches
the ISAKMP profile “certpro.”
!
debug crypto isakmp profile Command Output for the Responder

The following debug output example shows that the peer has been matched to the ISAKMP profile named
“certpro” and that it has been assigned a group named “new_group.”
Router# debug crypto isakmp profile

6d23h: ISAKMP (0:268435461): received packet from 192.0.0.2 dport 500 sport 500 Global (R)
MM_KEY_EXCH
6d23h: ISAKMP: Main Mode packet contents (flags 1, len 892):
6d23h: ID payload
6d23h: FQDN <Router1.cisco.com> port 500 protocol 17
6d23h: CERT payload
6d23h: SIG payload
6d23h: KEEPALIVE payload
6d23h: NOTIFY payload
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:5:HW:2):Input = IKE_MESG_FROM_PEER, IKE_MM_EXCH
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:5:HW:2):Old State = IKE_R_MM4 New State = IKE_R_MM5
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:5:HW:2): processing ID payload. message ID = 0
6d23h: ISAKMP (0:268435461): ID payload
next-payload : 6
type : 2
FQDN name : Router1.cisco.com
protocol : 17
port : 500
length : 28
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:5:HW:2):: peer matches *none* of the profiles
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:5:HW:2): processing CERT payload. message ID = 0
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:5:HW:2): processing a CT_X509_SIGNATURE cert
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:5:HW:2): peer's pubkey isn't cached
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:5:HW:2): OU = green
45
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:5:HW:2): certificate map matches certpro profile

6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:5:HW:2): Trying to re-validate CERT using new profile
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:5:HW:2): Creating CERT validation list: 2315, LaBcA,
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:5:HW:2): CERT validity confirmed.
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:5:HW:2):Profile has no keyring, aborting key search
6d23h: ISAKMP:(0:5:HW:2): Profile certpro assigned peer the group named new_group
Related Documents

Configuring ISAKMP profiles VRF-Aware IPsec
Security commands Cisco IOS Security Command Reference
Standards
Standards Title
None --
MIBs
MIBs MIBs Link

RFCs
RFC Title
None --
46
Feature Information for Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping
Description Link
The Cisco Support website provides extensive online http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html
resources, including documentation and tools for
troubleshooting and resolving technical issues with
Cisco products and technologies.
To receive security and technical information about
your products, you can subscribe to various services,
such as the Product Alert Tool (accessed from Field
Notices), the Cisco Technical Services Newsletter,
and Really Simple Syndication (RSS) Feeds.
Access to most tools on the Cisco Support website
requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.

Table 3: Feature Information for Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping

Certificate to ISAKMP Profile 12.3(8)T The Certificate to ISAKMP Profile
Mapping Mapping feature enables you to
12.2(33)SRA
assign an Internet Security
12.2(33)SXH Association and Key Management
Protocol (ISAKMP) profile to a
peer on the basis of the contents of
arbitrary fields in the certificate. In
addition, this feature allows you to
assign a group name to those peers
that are assigned an ISAKMP
profile.
This feature was introduced in the
Cisco IOS Release 12.3(8)T
Cisco IOS Release 12.2(33)SRA.
Cisco IOS Release 12.2(33)SXH.
47
48
CHAPTER 4
Encrypted Preshared Key
The Encrypted Preshared Key feature allows you to securely store plain text passwords in type 6 (encrypted)
format in NVRAM.

• Restrictions for Encrypted Preshared Key, page 49
• Information About Encrypted Preshared Key, page 50
• How to Configure an Encrypted Preshared Key, page 51
• Configuration Examples for Encrypted Preshared Key, page 60
• Where to Go Next, page 61

Restrictions for Encrypted Preshared Key

• Old ROM monitors (ROMMONs) and boot images cannot recognize the new type 6 passwords. Therefore,
errors are expected if you boot from an old ROMMON.
• For Cisco 836 routers, please note that support for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is available
only on IP plus images.
49
Information About Encrypted Preshared Key
Information About Encrypted Preshared Key
Using the Encrypted Preshared Key Feature to Securely Store Passwords

Using the Encrypted Preshared Key feature, you can securely store plain text passwords in type 6 format in
NVRAM using a command-line interface (CLI). Type 6 passwords are encrypted. Although the encrypted
passwords can be seen or retrieved, it is difficult to decrypt them to find out the actual password. Use the key
config-key command with the password encryption aes command to configure and enable the password
(symmetric cipher AES is used to encrypt the keys). The password (key) configured using the config-key
password-encryption command is the master encryption key that is used to encrypt all other keys in the
router.
If you configure the password encryption aescommand without configuring the key config-key command,
the following message is printed at startup or during any nonvolatile generation (NVGEN) process, such as
when the show running-config or copy running-config startup-config commands have been configured:
“Can not encrypt password. Please configure a configuration-key with ‘key config-key’”
Changing a Password
If the password (master key) is changed, or reencrypted, using the key config-key
password-encryptioncommand), the list registry passes the old key and the new key to the application modules
that are using type 6 encryption.
Deleting a Password
If the master key that was configured using the key config-key password-encryptioncommand is deleted
from the system, a warning is printed (and a confirm prompt is issued) that states that all type 6 passwords
will become useless. As a security measure, after the passwords have been encrypted, they will never be
decrypted in the software. However, passwords can be reencrypted as explained in the previous paragraph.
Caution If the password configured using the key config-key password-encryptioncommand is lost, it cannot be
recovered. The password should be stored in a safe location.
Unconfiguring Password Encryption

If you later unconfigure password encryption using the no password encryption aes command, all existing
type 6 passwords are left unchanged, and as long as the password (master key) that was configured using the
key config-key password-encryptioncommand exists, the type 6 passwords will be decrypted as and when
required by the application.
50
Enabling the Encrypted Preshared Key
Storing Passwords
Because no one can “read” the password (configured using the key config-key password-encryptioncommand),
there is no way that the password can be retrieved from the router. Existing management stations cannot
“know” what it is unless the stations are enhanced to include this key somewhere, in which case the password
needs to be stored securely within the management system. If configurations are stored using TFTP, the
configurations are not standalone, meaning that they cannot be loaded onto a router. Before or after the
configurations are loaded onto a router, the password must be manually added (using the key config-key
password-encryptioncommand). The password can be manually added to the stored configuration but is not
recommended because adding the password manually allows anyone to decrypt all passwords in that
configuration.
Configuring New or Unknown Passwords

If you enter or cut and paste cipher text that does not match the master key, or if there is no master key, the
cipher text is accepted or saved, but an alert message is printed. The alert message is as follows:
“ciphertext>[for username bar>] is incompatible with the configured master key.”

If a new master key is configured, all the plain keys are encrypted and made type 6 keys. The existing type 6
keys are not encrypted. The existing type 6 keys are left as is.
If the old master key is lost or unknown, you have the option of deleting the master key using the no key
config-key password-encryptioncommand. Deleting the master key using the no key config-key
password-encryptioncommand causes the existing encrypted passwords to remain encrypted in the router
configuration. The passwords will not be decrypted.
Enabling the Encrypted Preshared Key

The password encryption aes command is used to enable the encrypted password.
How to Configure an Encrypted Preshared Key
Configuring an Encrypted Preshared Key

To configure an encrypted preshared key, perform the following steps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. key config-key password-encryption [text]
4. password encryption aes
51
Monitoring Encrypted Preshared Keys
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
Example:
Step 3 key config-key password-encryption Stores a type 6 encryption key in private NVRAM.
[text]
• If you want to key in interactively (using the enter key) and an
encrypted key already exists, you will be prompted for the following:
Example: Old key, New key, and Confirm key.
Router (config)# key config-key
password-encryption • If you want to key in interactively but an encryption key is not
present, you will be prompted for the following: New key and
Confirm key.
• If you want to remove the password that is already encrypted, you
will see the following prompt: “WARNING: All type 6 encrypted
keys will become unusable. Continue with master key deletion?
[yes/no]:”.
Step 4 password encryption aes Enables the encrypted preshared key.
Example:
Router (config)# password-encryption
aes
If you see the warning message “ciphertext >[for username bar>] is incompatible with the configured master
key,” you have entered or cut and pasted cipher text that does not match the master key or there is no master
key. (The cipher text will be accepted or saved.) The warning message will allow you to locate the broken
configuration line or lines.

To get logging output for encrypted preshared keys, perform the following steps.
52
1 enable
2 password logging
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. password logging
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 password logging Provides a log of debugging output for a type 6 password
operation.
Example:
Router# password logging
Examples
The following password logging debug output shows that a new master key has been configured and that the
keys have been encrypted with the new master key:
Router (config)# key config-key password-encrypt

New key:
Confirm key:
Router (config)#
01:40:57: TYPE6_PASS: New Master key configured, encrypting the keys with
the new master keypas
Old key:
New key:
Confirm key:
Router (config)#
01:42:11: TYPE6_PASS: Master key change heralded, re-encrypting the keys
with the new master key
01:42:11: TYPE6_PASS: Mac verification successful
What To Do Next
You can perform any of the following procedures. Each procedure is independent of the others.
53
Configuring an ISAKMP Preshared Key
Configuring an ISAKMP Preshared Key

To configure an ISAKMP preshared key, perform the following procedure.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. crypto isakmp key keystring address peer-address
4. crypto isakmp key keystring hostname hostname
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router# enable
Example:
Step 3 crypto isakmp key keystring address peer-address Configures a preshared authentication key.
• The peer-address argument specifies the IP address
Example: of the remote peer.
Router (config)# crypto isakmp key cisco address
10.2.3.4
Step 4 crypto isakmp key keystring hostname hostname Configures a preshared authentication key.
• The hostname argument specifies the fully qualified
Example: domain name (FQDN) of the peer.
Router (config)# crypto isakmp key mykey
hostname mydomain.com
Example
The following sample output shows that an encrypted preshared key has been configured:
crypto isakmp key 6 _Hg[^ÊCgLGGPF^RXTQfDDWQ][YAAB address 10.2.3.4

crypto isakmp key 6 èR\eTRaKCUZPYYQfDgXRWi_AAB hostname mydomain.com
54
Configuring an ISAKMP Preshared Key in ISAKMP Keyrings
Configuring an ISAKMP Preshared Key in ISAKMP Keyrings

To configure an ISAKMP preshared key in ISAKMP keyrings, which are used in IPSec Virtual Route
Forwarding (VRF) configurations, perform the following procedure.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. crypto keyring keyring-name
4. pre-shared-key address address key key
5. pre-shared-key hostname hostname key key
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router# enable
Example:
Step 3 crypto keyring keyring-name Defines a crypto keyring to be used during Internet Key
Exchange (IKE) authentication and enters keyring
Example: configuration mode.
Router (config)# crypto keyring mykeyring
Step 4 pre-shared-key address address key key Defines a preshared key to be used for IKE authentication.
• The address argument specifies the IP address of the
Example: remote peer.
Router (config-keyring)# pre-shared-key address
10.2.3.5 key cisco
Step 5 pre-shared-key hostname hostname key key Defines a preshared key to be used for IKE authentication.
• The hostname argument specifies the FQDN of the
Example: peer.
Router (config-keyring)# pre-shared-key
hostname mydomain.com key cisco
55
Configuring ISAKMP Aggressive Mode
Example
The following show-running-config sample output shows that an encrypted preshared key in ISAKMP
keyrings has been configured.
crypto keyring mykeyring

pre-shared-key address 10.2.3.5 key 6 `WHCJYR_Z]GRPF^RXTQfDcfZ]GPAAB
pre-shared-key hostname mydomain.com key 6 aE_REHDcOfYCPF^RXTQfDJYVVNSAAB
Configuring ISAKMP Aggressive Mode

To configure ISAKMP aggressive mode, perform the following steps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. crypto isakmp peer ip-address ip-address
4. set aggressive-mode client-endpoint client-endpoint
5. set aggressive-mode password password
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router# enable
Example:
Step 3 crypto isakmp peer ip-address ip-address To enable an IP Security (IPSec) peer for IKE querying of
authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) for
Example: tunnel attributes in aggressive mode and to enter ISAKMP
peer configuration mode.
Router (config)# crypto isakmp peer ip-address
10.2.3.4
Step 4 set aggressive-mode client-endpoint client-endpoint Specifies the Tunnel-Client-Endpoint attribute within an
ISAKMP peer configuration.
Example:
Router (config-isakmp-peer)# set aggressive-mode
client-endpoint fqdn cisco.com
56
Configuring a Unity Server Group Policy

Step 5 set aggressive-mode password password Specifies the Tunnel-Password attribute within an ISAKMP
peer configuration.
Example:
Router (config-isakmp-peer)# set aggressive-mode
password cisco
Example
The following show-running-config sample output shows that an encrypted preshared key in ISAKMP
aggressive mode has been configured.
crypto isakmp peer address 10.2.3.4

set aggressive-mode password 6 âKPIQ_KJE_PPF^RXTQfDTIaLNeAAB
set aggressive-mode client-endpoint fqdn cisco.com
Configuring a Unity Server Group Policy

To configure a unity server group policy, perform the following steps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. crypto isakmp client configuration group group-name
4. pool name
5. domain name
6. key name
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router# enable
Example:
57
Configuring an Easy VPN Client

Step 3 crypto isakmp client configuration group Specifies the policy profile of the group that will be
group-name defined and enters ISAKMP group configuration mode.
Example:
Router (config)# crypto isakmp client
configuration group mygroup
Step 4 pool name Defines a local pool address.
Example:
Router (config-isakmp-group)# pool mypool
Step 5 domain name Specifies the Domain Name Service (DNS) domain to
which a group belongs.
Example:
Router (config-isakmp-group)# domain cisco.com
Step 6 key name Specifies the IKE preshared key for group policy attribute
definition.
Example:
Router (config-isakmp-group)# key cisco
Example
The following show-running-config sample output shows that an encrypted key has been configured for a
unity server group policy:
crypto isakmp client configuration group mygroup

key 6 cZZgDZPOE\dDPF^RXTQfDTIaLNeAAB
domain cisco.com
pool mypool

To configure an Easy VPN client, perform the following steps.
58
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. crypto ipsec client ezvpn name
4. peer ipaddress
5. mode client
6. group group-name key group-key
7. connect manual
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router# enable
Example:
Step 3 crypto ipsec client ezvpn name Creates a Cisco Easy VPN remote configuration and enters Cisco
Easy VPN remote configuration mode.
Example:
Router (config)# crypto ipsec client ezvpn
myclient
Step 4 peer ipaddress Sets the peer IP address for the VPN connection.
Example:
Router (config-isakmp-peer)# peer 10.2.3.4
Step 5 mode client Automatically configures the router for Cisco Easy VPN Client
mode operation, which uses Network Address Translation (NAT)
Example: or Peer Address Translation (PAT) address translations.
Router (config-isakmp-ezpvy)# mode client
Step 6 group group-name key group-key Specifies the group name and key value for the VPN connection.
Example:
Router (config-isakmp-ezvpn)# group mygroup
key cisco
59
Configuration Examples for Encrypted Preshared Key

Step 7 connect manual Specifies the manual setting for directing the Cisco Easy VPN
remote client to wait for a command or application program
Example: interface (API) call before attempting to establish the Cisco Easy
VPN remote connection.
Router (config-isakmp-ezvpn)# connect manual
Example
The following show-running-config sample output shows that an Easy VPN client has been configured. The
key has been encrypted.
crypto ipsec client ezvpn myclient

connect manual
group mygroup key 6 gdMI`S^^[GIcPF^RXTQfDFKEO\RAAB
mode client
peer 10.2.3.4
Configuration Examples for Encrypted Preshared Key
Encrypted Preshared Key Example

The following is an example of a configuration for which a type 6 preshared key has been encrypted. It includes
the prompts and messages that a user might see.
Router (config)# crypto isakmp key cisco address 10.0.0.2

Router (config)# exit
Router# show running-config | include crypto isakmp key
crypto isakmp key cisco address 10.0.0.2
Router#
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router (config)# password encryption aes
New key:
Confirm key:
Router (config)#
01:46:40: TYPE6_PASS: New Master key configured, encrypting the keys with
the new master key
Router (config)# exit
Router # show running-config | include crypto isakmp key
crypto isakmp key 6 CXWdhVTZYB_Vcd^`cIHDOahiFTa address 10.0.0.2
No Previous Key Present Example

In the following configuration example, no previous key is present:
Router (config)#
60
Key Already Exists Example
Key Already Exists Example

In the following configuration example, a key already exists:
Router (config)#
Old key:
Router (config)#
Key Already Exists But the User Wants to Key In Interactively Example
In the following configuration example, the user wants to key in interactively, but a key already exists. The
Old key, New key, and Confirm key prompts will show on your screen if you enter the key config-key
command and press the enter key to get into interactive mode.
Router (config)#
Old key:
New key:
Confirm key:
No Key Present But the User Wants to Key In Interactively Example

In the following example, the user wants to key in interactively, but no key is present. The New key and
Confirm key prompts will show on your screen if you are in interactive mode.
Router (config)#
New key:
Confirm key:
Removal of the Password Encryption Example

In the following configuration example, the user wants to remove the encrypted password. The “WARNING:
All type 6 encrypted keys will become unusable. Continue with master key deletion? [yes/no]:” prompt will
show on your screen if you are in interactive mode.
Router (config)#
WARNING: All type 6 encrypted keys will become unusable. Continue with master key deletion
? [yes/no]: y
Where to Go Next
Configure any other preshared keys.
61
Related Documents
Configuring passwords Cisco IOS Security Command Reference
Standards
Standards Title
None --
MIBs
MIBs MIBs Link
RFCs
RFCs Title
None --
62
Description Link
and password.
63
64
CHAPTER 5
Distinguished Name Based Crypto Maps
Feature History
Release Modification
12.2(4)T This feature was introduced.
This feature module describes the Distinguished Name Based Crypto Map feature in Cisco IOS Release
12.2(4)T. It includes the following sections:

• Feature Overview, page 66
• Supported Platforms, page 66
• Supported Standards MIBs and RFCs, page 67
• Prerequisites, page 67
• Configuration Tasks, page 68
• Configuration Examples, page 70

65
Feature Overview
Feature Overview
The Distinguished Name Based Crypto Maps feature allows you to configure the router to restrict access to
selected encrypted interfaces for those peers with specific certificates, especially certificates with particular
Distinguished Names (DNs).
Previously, if the router accepted a certificate or a shared secret from the encrypting peer, Cisco IOS did not
have a method of preventing the peer from communicating with any encrypted interface other than the
restrictions on the IP address of the encrypting peer. This feature allows you to configure which crypto maps
are usable to a peer based on the DN that a peer used to authenticate itself, thereby, enabling you to control
which encrypted interfaces a peer with a specified DN can access.
Benefits
The Distinguished Name Based Crypto Maps feature allows you to set restrictions in the router configuration
that prevent peers with specific certificates--especially certificates with particular DNs-- from having access
to selected encrypted interfaces.
Restrictions
System Requirements
To configure this feature, your router must support IP Security.
Performance Impact
If you restrict access to a large number of DNs, it is recommended that you specify a few number of crypto
maps referring to large identity sections instead of specifying a large number of crypto maps referring to small
identity sections.
Related Documents
The following documents provide information related to the Distinguished Name Based Crypto Maps feature:
• Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide: Secure Connectivity, Release 12.4T
• Next Generation Encryption (NGE) white paper.
Supported Platforms
This feature is supported on the following platforms:
66
Supported Standards MIBs and RFCs
• Cisco 1700 series

• Cisco 3620
• Cisco 3640
• Cisco 3660
• Cisco uBR905 Cable Access Router
• Cisco uBR925 Cable Access Router
Determining Platform Support Through Feature Navigator

Supported Standards MIBs and RFCs

Standards
None
MIBs
None
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco IOS releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB
Locator found at the following URL:
RFCs
None
Prerequisites
Before configuring a DN based crypto map, you must perform the following tasks:
• Create an Internet Key Exchange (IKE) policy at each peer.
For more information on creating IKE policies, refer to the “ Configuring Internet Key Exchange for IPsec
VPNs ” chapter in the Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide: Secure Connectivity ..
• Create crypto map entries for IPSec.
67
Configuration Tasks
For more information on creating crypto map entries, refer to the “ Configuring Security for VPNs with IPsec
” chapter in the Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide: Secure Connectivity
Configuration Tasks
See the following sections for configuration tasks for the Distinguished Name Based Crypto Maps feature.
Each task in the list is identified as either required or optional.
• Configuring DN Based Crypto Maps (authenticated by DN), on page 68 (required)
• Configuring DN Based Crypto Maps (authenticated by hostname), on page 68 (required)
• Applying Identity to DN Based Crypto Maps, on page 69 (required)
• Verifying DN Based Crypto Maps, on page 70 (optional)
Configuring DN Based Crypto Maps (authenticated by DN)

To configure a DN based crypto map that can be used only by peers that have been authenticated by a DN,
use the following commands beginning in global configuration mode:
SUMMARY STEPS
1. Router(config)# crypto identity name

2. Router(crypto-identity)# dn name=string [,name=string]
DETAILED STEPS

Step 1 Router(config)# crypto identity name Configures the identity of a router with the given list of DNs in the
certificate of the router and enters crypto identity configuration mode.
Step 2 Router(crypto-identity)# dn name=string Associates the identity of the router with the DN in the certificate of the
[,name=string] router.
Note The identity of the peer must match the identity in the exchanged
certificate.
Configuring DN Based Crypto Maps (authenticated by hostname)

To configure a DN based crypto map that can be used only by peers that have been authenticated by a hostname,
use the following commands beginning in global configuration mode:
68
Applying Identity to DN Based Crypto Maps
SUMMARY STEPS
1. Router(config)# crypto identity name

2. Router(crypto-identity)# fqdn name
DETAILED STEPS

Step 1 Router(config)# crypto identity name Configures the identity of a router with the given list of DNs in the certificate
of the router and enters crypto identity configuration mode.
Step 2 Router(crypto-identity)# fqdn name Associates the identity of the router with the hostname that the peer used to
authenticate itself.
Note The identity of the peer must match the identity in the exchanged
certificate.
Applying Identity to DN Based Crypto Maps

To apply the identity (within the crypto map context), use the following commands beginning in global
configuration mode:
SUMMARY STEPS
1. Router(config)# crypto map map-name seq-num ipsec-isakmp

2. Router(config-crypto-map)# identity name
DETAILED STEPS

Step 1 Router(config)# crypto map map-name Creates or modifies a crypto map entry and enters the crypto map configuration
seq-num ipsec-isakmp mode.
Step 2 Router(config-crypto-map)# identity Applies the identity to the crypto map.

name When this command is applied, only the hosts that match a configuration listed
within the identity name can use the specified crypto map.
Note If the identity command does not appear within the crypto map, the
encrypted connection does not have any restrictions other than the
IP address of the encrypting peer.
69
Verifying DN Based Crypto Maps
Verifying DN Based Crypto Maps

To verify that this functionality is properly configured, use the following command in EXEC mode:
Command Purpose
Displays the configured identities.
Router# show crypto identity
If an encrypting peer attempts to establish a connection that is blocked by the DN based crypto map
configuration, the following error message will be logged:
<time>: %CRYPTO-4-IKE_QUICKMODE_BAD_CERT: encrypted connection attempted with a peer without

the configured certificate attributes.
Configuration Examples
DN Based Crypto Map Configuration Example

The following example shows how to configure DN based crypto maps that have been authenticated by DN
and hostname. Comments are included inline to explain various commands.
! DN based crypto maps require you to configure an IKE policy at each peer.
encryption aes
hash sha
authentication rsa-sig
group 14
lifetime 5000
encryption aes
hash sha
group 14
lifetime 10000
crypto isakmp key 1234567890 address 171.69.224.33
!
! The following is an IPSec crypto map (part of IPSec configuration). It can be used only
! by peers that have been authenticated by DN and if the certificate belongs to BigBiz.
crypto map map-to-bigbiz 10 ipsec-isakmp
set peer 172.21.114.196
set transform-set my-transformset
match address 124
identity to-bigbiz
!
crypto identity to-bigbiz
dn ou=BigBiz
!
!
! This crypto map can be used only by peers that have been authenticated by hostname
! and if the certificate belongs to little.com.
crypto map map-to-little-com 10 ipsec-isakmp
set peer 172.21.115.119
70
set transform-set my-transformset

match address 125
identity to-little-com
!
crypto identity to-little-com
fqdn little.com
!
71
72
CHAPTER 6
IPsec and Quality of Service
The IPsec and Quality of Service feature allows Cisco IOS quality of service (QoS) policies to be applied
to IP Security (IPsec) packet flows on the basis of a QoS group that can be added to the current Internet
Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) profile.
Finding Support Information for Platforms and Cisco IOS Software Images
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco IOS software image
support. Access Cisco Feature Navigator at http://tools.cisco.com/ITDIT/CFN/jsp/index.jsp . You must have
an account on Cisco.com. If you do not have an account or have forgotten your username or password, click
Cancel at the login dialog box and follow the instructions that appear.

• Prerequisites for IPsec and Quality of Service, page 74
• Restrictions for IPsec and Quality of Service, page 74
• Information About IPsec and Quality of Service, page 74
• How to Configure IPsec and Quality of Service, page 75
• Configuration Examples for IPsec and Quality of Service, page 77
• Feature Information for IPsec and Quality of Service, page 80

73
Prerequisites for IPsec and Quality of Service
Prerequisites for IPsec and Quality of Service

• You should be familiar with IPsec and the concept of ISAKMP profiles.
• You should be familiar with Cisco IOS QoS.
Restrictions for IPsec and Quality of Service

• This feature can be applied only via the ISAKMP profile. The limit of 128 QoS groups that exists for
QoS applications applies to this feature as well.
• You can apply an IPsec QoS group only to outbound service policies.
• QoS is not supported for software encryption.
Information About IPsec and Quality of Service
IPsec and Quality of Service Overview

The IPsec and Quality of Service feature allows you to apply QoS policies, such as traffic policing and shaping,
to IPsec-protected packets by adding a QoS group to ISAKMP profiles. After the QoS group has been added,
this group value will be mapped to the same QoS group as defined in QoS class maps. Any current QoS
method that makes use of this QoS group tag can be applied to IPsec packet flows. Common groupings of
packet flows can have specific policy classes applied by having the IPsec QoS group made available to the
QoS mechanism. Marking IPsec flows allows QoS mechanisms to be applied to classes of traffic that could
provide support for such things as restricting the amount of bandwidth that is available to specific groups or
devices or marking the type of service (ToS) bits on certain flows.
The application of the QoS group is applied at the ISAKMP profile level because it is the profile that can
uniquely identify devices through its concept of match identity criteria. These criteria are on the basis of the
Internet Key Exchange (IKE) identity that is presented by incoming IKE connections and includes such things
as IP address, fully qualified domain name (FQDN), and group (that is, the virtual private network [VPN]
remote client grouping). The granularity of the match identity criteria will impose the granularity of the
specified QoS policy, for example, to mark all traffic belonging to the VPN client group named “Engineering”
as “TOS 5”. Another example of having the granularity of a specified QoS policy imposed would be to allocate
30 percent of the bandwidth on an outbound WAN link to a specific group of remote VPN devices.
74
How to Configure IPsec and Quality of Service
How to Configure IPsec and Quality of Service
Configuring IPsec and Quality of Service

To apply QoS policies to an ISAKMP profile, perform the following steps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. crypto isakmp-profile profile-number
4. qos-group group-number
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
Example:
Step 3 crypto isakmp-profile profile-number Defines an ISAKMP profile, audits IPsec user sessions,
and enters ISAKMP profile configuration mode.
Example:
Router (config)# crypto isakmp-profile
vpnprofile
Step 4 qos-group group-number Applies a QoS group value to an ISAKMP profile.
Example:
Router(config-isa-prof)# qos-group 1
75
Verifying IPsec and Quality of Service Sessions
Verifying IPsec and Quality of Service Sessions

To verify your IPsec and QoS sessions, perform the following steps. The show commands can be used in any
order or independent of each other.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. show crypto isakmp profile
3. show crypto ipsec sa
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 show crypto isakmp profile Shows that the QoS group is applied to the profile.
Example:
Router# show crypto isakmp profile
Step 3 show crypto ipsec sa Shows that the QoS group is applied to a particular pair of
IPsec security associations (SAs).
Example:
Router# show crypto ipsec sa
If you have a problem with your IPsec and QoS sessions, ensure that you have done the following:
• Validated the application of QoS by the QoS service using the QoS-specific commands in the Cisco IOS
Quality of Service Solutions Command Reference.
• Configured a QoS policy on the router that matches the same QoS group as that specified for the class
map match criterion.
• Applied the service policy to the same interface to which a crypto map is applied.
76
Configuration Examples for IPsec and Quality of Service
Configuration Examples for IPsec and Quality of Service
QoS Policy Applied to Two Groups of Remote Users Example

In the following example, a specific QoS policy is applied to two groups of remote users. Two ISAKMP
profiles are configured so that upon initial connection via IKE, remote users are mapped to a specific profile.
From that profile, all IPsec SAs that have been created for that remote will be marked with the specific QoS
group. As traffic leaves the outbound interface, the QoS service will map the IPsec set QoS group with the
QoS group that is specified in the class maps that comprise the service policy that is applied on that outbound
interface.
version 12.3
!
aaa authentication login group group radius
aaa authorization network autho local
aaa accounting update periodic 1
aaa session-id common
ip subnet-zero
!
!
ip cef
no ip domain lookup
!
class-map match-all yellow
match qos-group 3
class-map match-all blue
match qos-group 2
!
!
policy-map clients
class blue
set precedence 5
class yellow
set precedence 7
!
!
encr aes
hash sha
group 14
lifetime 300
!
crypto isakmp keepalive 10 periodic
crypto isakmp xauth timeout 20
!
crypto isakmp client configuration group blue
key cisco
dns 10.2.2.2 10.2.2.3
wins 10.6.6.6
pool blue
save-password
include-local-lan
backup-gateway corky1.cisco.com
!
crypto isakmp client configuration group yellow
dns 10.2.2.2 10.2.2.3
wins 10.6.6.5
pool yellow
!
crypto isakmp profile blue
match identity group cisco
client authentication list autho
isakmp authorization list autho
77
show crypto isakmp profile Command Example
client configuration address respond

qos-group 2
crypto isakmp profile yellow
match identity group yellow
match identity address 10.0.0.11 255.255.255.255
client authentication list autho
isakmp authorization list autho
qos-group 3
!
!
crypto ipsec transform-set combo ah-sha-hmac esp-aes esp-sha-hmac
crypto ipsec transform-set client esp-aes esp-sha-hmac comp-lzs
!
crypto dynamic-map mode 1
set security-association lifetime seconds 180
set transform-set client
set isakmp-profile blue
reverse-route
crypto dynamic-map mode 2
set transform-set combo
set isakmp-profile yellow
reverse-route
!
crypto map mode 1 ipsec-isakmp dynamic mode
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.0.0.110 255.255.255.0
no ip redirects
no ip proxy-arp
no ip mroute-cache
duplex half
no cdp enable
crypto map mode
service-policy out clients
!
ip local pool yellow 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.10
ip local pool blue 192.168.6.1 192.168.6.6
no ip classless
!
radius-server host 10.0.0.13 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
radius-server key XXXXXX
radius-server vsa send accounting
radius-server vsa send authentication
show crypto isakmp profile Command Example

The following output shows that QoS group “2” has been applied to the ISAKMP profile “blue” and that QoS
group “3” has been applied to the ISAKMP profile “yellow”:

ISAKMP PROFILE blue
Identities matched are:
group blue
QoS Group 2 is applied
ISAKMP PROFILE yellow
Identities matched are:
ip-address 10.0.0.13 255.255.255.255
group yellow
QoS Group 3 is applied
78
show crypto ipsec sa Command Example
show crypto ipsec sa Command Example

The following output shows that the QoS group has been applied to a particular pair of IPsec SAs:
Router# show crypto ipsec sa

interface: FastEthernet0/0
Crypto map tag: mode, local addr. 10.0.0.110
protected vrf:
local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.12.12.0/255.255.255.0/0/0)
current_peer: 10.0.0.11:500
PERMIT, flags={}
#pkts encaps: 0, #pkts encrypt: 0, #pkts digest: 0
#pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, #pkts verify: 0
#pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
#pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0
#pkts not decompressed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
#send errors 0, #recv errors 0
qos group is set to 2
The following sections provide references related to the IPsec and Quality of Service feature.
Related Documents
IPsec Configuring Security for VPNs with IPsec
QoS options Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration

Guide on Cisco.com
QoS commands Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Command

Reference
Standards
Standards Title
No new or modified standards are supported by this --
feature.
79
MIBs
MIBs
MIBs MIBs Link
No new or modified MIBs are supported by this To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms,
feature. Cisco IOS releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB
Locator found at the following URL:
RFCs
RFCs Title
No new or modified RFCs are supported by this --
feature.
Description Link
The Cisco Support website provides extensive online http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
Feature Information for IPsec and Quality of Service

80
Table 4: Feature Information for IPsec and Quality of Service

IPsec and Quality of Service Cisco IOS XE Release 3.9S The IPsec and Quality of Service
feature allows Cisco IOS quality
of service (QoS) policies to be
applied to IP Security (IPsec)
packet flows on the basis of a QoS
group that can be added to the
current Internet Security
Association and Key Management
Protocol (ISAKMP) profile.
introduced or modified: qos-group.
81
82
CHAPTER 7
VRF-Aware IPsec
The VRF-Aware IPsec feature introduces IP Security (IPsec) tunnel mapping to Multiprotocol Label Switching
(MPLS) Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). Using the VRF-Aware IPsec feature, you can map IPsec tunnels
to Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) instances using a single public-facing address.

• Restrictions for VRF-Aware IPsec, page 84
• Information About VRF-Aware IPsec, page 84
• How to Configure VRF-Aware IPsec, page 86
• Configuration Examples for VRF-Aware IPsec, page 103
• Feature Information for VRF-Aware IPsec, page 115
• Glossary, page 117

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VRF-Aware IPsec
Restrictions for VRF-Aware IPsec
Restrictions for VRF-Aware IPsec

• If you are configuring the VRF-Aware IPsec feature using a crypto map configuration and the Inside
VRF (IVRF) is not the same as the Front Door VRF (FVRF), this feature is not interoperable with unicast
reverse path forwarding (uRPF) if uRPF is enabled on the crypto map interface. If your network requires
uRPF, it is recommended that you use Virtual Tunnel Interface (VTI) for IPsec instead of crypto maps.
• The VRF-Aware IPsec feature does not allow IPsec tunnel mapping between VRFs. For example, it
does not allow IPsec tunnel mapping from VRF vpn1 to VRF vpn2.
• When the VRF-Aware IPsec feature is used with a crypto map, this crypto map cannot use the global
VRF as the IVRF and a non-global VRF as the FVRF. However, configurations based on virtual tunnel
interfaces do not have that limitation. When VTIs or Dynamic VTIs (DVTIs) are used, the global VRF
can be used as the IVRF together with a non-global VRF used as the FVRF.
• You must include the VRF in the local-address command when using the local address with VRF in
the ISAKMP profile and keyring.
Information About VRF-Aware IPsec
VRF Instance
A VRF instance is a per-VPN routing information repository that defines the VPN membership of a customer
site attached to the Provider Edge (PE) router. A VRF comprises an IP routing table, a derived Cisco Express
Forwarding (CEF) table, a set of interfaces that use the forwarding table, and a set of rules and routing protocol
parameters that control the information that is included in the routing table. A separate set of routing and
Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) tables is maintained for each VPN customer.
MPLS Distribution Protocol

The MPLS distribution protocol is a high-performance packet-forwarding technology that integrates the
performance and traffic management capabilities of data link layer switching with the scalability, flexibility,
and performance of network-layer routing.
VRF-Aware IPsec Functional Overview

Front Door VRF (FVRF) and Inside VRF (IVRF) are central to understanding the feature.
Each IPsec tunnel is associated with two VRF domains. The outer encapsulated packet belongs to one VRF
domain, which we shall call the FVRF, while the inner, protected IP packet belongs to another domain called
the IVRF. Another way of stating the same thing is that the local endpoint of the IPsec tunnel belongs to the
FVRF while the source and destination addresses of the inside packet belong to the IVRF.
One or more IPsec tunnels can terminate on a single interface. The FVRF of all these tunnels is the same and
is set to the VRF that is configured on that interface. The IVRF of these tunnels can be different and depends
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VRF-Aware IPsec
VRF-Aware IPsec Functional Overview
on the VRF that is defined in the Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP)
profile that is attached to a crypto map entry.
The diagram below is an illustration of a scenario showing IPsec to MPLS and Layer 2 VPNs.
Figure 2: IPsec to MPLS and Layer 2 VPNs
Packet Flow into the IPsec Tunnel

• A VPN packet arrives from the Service Provider MPLS backbone network to the PE and is routed
through an interface facing the Internet.
• The packet is matched against the Security Policy Database (SPD), and the packet is IPsec encapsulated.
The SPD includes the IVRF and the access control list (ACL).
• The IPsec encapsulated packet is then forwarded using the FVRF routing table.
Packet Flow from the IPsec Tunnel

• An IPsec-encapsulated packet arrives at the PE router from the remote IPsec endpoint.
• IPsec performs the Security Association (SA) lookup for the Security Parameter Index (SPI), destination,
and protocol.
• The packet is decapsulated using the SA and is associated with IVRF.
• The packet is further forwarded using the IVRF routing table.
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VRF-Aware IPsec
How to Configure VRF-Aware IPsec
How to Configure VRF-Aware IPsec
Configuring Crypto Keyrings

A crypto keyring is a repository of preshared and Rivest, Shamir, and Adelman (RSA) public keys. There can
be zero or more keyrings on the Cisco IOS router.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. crypto keyring keyring-name [vrf fvrf-name]
4. description string
5. pre-shared-key {address address [mask] | hostname hostname} key key
6. rsa-pubkey {address address | name fqdn} [encryption | signature]
7. address ip-address
8. serial-number serial-number
9. key-string
10. text
11. quit
12. exit
13. exit
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
Example:
Step 3 crypto keyring keyring-name [vrf fvrf-name] Defines a keyring with keyring-name as the name of the keyring
and enters keyring configuration mode.
Example: • (Optional) The vrf keyword and fvrf-name argument
Router (config)# crypto keyring VPN1 imply that the keyring is bound to Front Door Virtual
Routing and Forwarding (FVRF). The key in the keyring
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VRF-Aware IPsec
Configuring Crypto Keyrings

is searched if the local endpoint is in FVRF. If vrf is not
specified, the keyring is bound to the global.
Step 4 description string (Optional) Specifies a one-line description of the keyring.
Example:
Example:
Router (config-keyring)# description The
keys for VPN1
Step 5 pre-shared-key {address address [mask] | (Optional) Defines a preshared key by address or host name.
hostname hostname} key key
Example:
Router (config-keyring)# pre-shared-key
address 10.72.23.11 key VPN1
Step 6 rsa-pubkey {address address | name fqdn} (Optional) Defines an RSA public key by address or host name
[encryption | signature] and enters rsa-pubkey configuration mode.
• The optional encryption keyword specifies that the key
Example: should be used for encryption.
Router(config-keyring)# rsa-pubkey name
host.vpn.com • The optional signature keyword specifies that the key
should be used for signature. By default, the key is used
for signature.
Step 7 address ip-address (Optional) Defines the RSA public key IP address.
Example:
Router(config-pubkey-key)# address 10.5.5.1
Step 8 serial-number serial-number (Optional) Specifies the serial number of the public key. The
value is from 0 through infinity.
Example:
Router(config-pubkey-key)# serial-number
1000000
Step 9 key-string Enters into the text mode in which you define the public key.
Example:
Router (config-pubkey-key)# key-string
Step 10 text Specifies the public key.
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VRF-Aware IPsec
Configuring ISAKMP Profiles

Note Only one public key may be added in this
Example: step.
Router (config-pubkey)# 00302017 4A7D385B

1234EF29 335FC973
Step 11 quit Quits to the public key configuration mode.
Example:
Router (config-pubkey)# quit
Step 12 exit Exits to the keyring configuration mode.
Example:
Router (config-pubkey)# exit
Step 13 exit Exits to global configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-keyring)# exit#

An ISAKMP profile is a repository for Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Phase 1 and IKE Phase 1.5 configuration
for a set of peers. An ISAKMP profile defines items such as keepalive, trustpoints, peer identities, and XAUTH
AAA list during the IKE Phase 1 and Phase 1.5 exchange. There can be zero or more ISAKMP profiles on
the Cisco IOS router.
Note If traffic from the router to a certification authority (CA) (for authentication, enrollment, or for obtaining
a certificate revocation list [CRL]) or to an Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) server (for
obtaining a CRL) needs to be routed via a VRF, the vrfcommand must be added to the trustpoint. Otherwise,
the traffic uses the default routing table.
• If a profile does not specify one or more trustpoints, all trustpoints in the router will be used to attempt
to validate the certificate of the peer (IKE main mode or signature authentication). If one or more
trustpoints are specified, only those trustpoints will be used.
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VRF-Aware IPsec
Note A router initiating IKE and a router responding to the IKE request should have symmetrical trustpoint
configurations. For example, a responding router (in IKE Main Mode) performing RSA signature encryption
and authentication might use trustpoints that were defined in the global configuration when sending the
CERT-REQ payloads. However, the router might use a restricted list of trustpoints that were defined in
the ISAKMP profile for the certificate verification. If the peer (the IKE initiator) is configured to use a
certificate whose trustpoint is in the global list of the responding router but not in ISAKMP profile of the
responding router, the certificate will be rejected. (However, if the initiating router does not know about
the trustpoints in the global configuration of the responding router, the certificate can still be authenticated.)
>
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
4. description string
5. vrf ivrf-name
6. keepalive seconds retry retry-seconds
7. self-identity {address | fqdn| user-fqdn user-fqdn}
8. keyring keyring-name
9. ca trust-point {trustpoint-name}
10. match identity {group group-name | address address [mask] [fvrf] | host host-name | host domain
domain-name | user user-fqdn | user domain domain-name}
11. client configuration address {initiate | respond}
12. client authentication list list-name
13. isakmp authorization list list-name
14. initiate mode aggressive
15. exit
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
Example:
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VRF-Aware IPsec

Step 3 crypto isakmp profile profile-name Defines an Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol
(ISAKMP) profile and enters into isakmp profile configuration mode.
Example:
Router (config)# crypto isakmp profile
vpnprofile
Step 4 description string (Optional) Specifies a one-line description of an ISAKMP profile.
Example:
Router (conf-isa-prof)# description
configuration for VPN profile
Step 5 vrf ivrf-name (Optional) Maps the IPsec tunnel to a Virtual Routing and Forwarding
(VRF) instance.
Example: Note The VRF also serves as a selector for matching the Security
Router (conf-isa-prof)# vrf VPN1 Policy Database (SPD). If the VRF is not specified in the
ISAKMP profile, the IVRF of the IPsec tunnel will be the same
as its FVRF.
Step 6 keepalive seconds retry retry-seconds (Optional) Allows the gateway to send dead peer detection (DPD)
messages to the peer.
Example: • If not defined, the gateway uses the global configured value.
Router (conf-isa-prof)# keepalive 60
retry 5 • seconds --Number of seconds between DPD messages. The range
is 10 to 3600 seconds.
• retry retry-seconds --Number of seconds between retries if the
DPD message fails. The range is 2 to 60 seconds.
Step 7 self-identity {address | fqdn| user-fqdn (Optional) Specifies the identity that the local Internet Key Exchange
user-fqdn} (IKE) should use to identify itself to the remote peer.
• If not defined, IKE uses the global configured value.
Example:
• address --Uses the IP address of the egress interface.
Router (conf-isa-prof)# self-identity
address • fqdn-- Uses the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the router.
• user-fqdn --Uses the specified value.
Step 8 keyring keyring-name (Optional) Specifies the keyring to use for Phase 1 authentication.
• If the keyring is not specified, the global key definitions are used.
Example:
Router (conf-isa-prof)# keyring VPN1
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VRF-Aware IPsec

Step 9 ca trust-point {trustpoint-name} (Optional) Specifies a trustpoint to validate a Rivest, Shamir, and
Adelman (RSA) certificate.
Example: • If no trustpoint is specified in the ISAKMP profile, all the
Router (conf-isa-prof)# ca trustpoint trustpoints that are configured on the Cisco IOS router are used to
VPN1-trustpoint validate the certificate.
Step 10 match identity {group group-name | address Specifies the client IKE Identity (ID) that is to be matched.
address [mask] [fvrf] | host host-name | host
domain domain-name | user user-fqdn | user • group group-name --Matches the group-name with the ID type
ID_KEY_ID. It also matches the group-name with the
domain domain-name}
Organizational Unit (OU) field of the Distinguished Name (DN).·
Example: • address address [mask] fvrf --Matches the address with the ID
type ID_IPV4_ADDR. The mask argument can be used to specify
Router (conf-isa-prof)# match identity
address 10.1.1.1 a range of addresses. The fvrf argument specifies that the address
is in Front Door Virtual Routing and Forwarding (FVRF)
• host hostname --Matches the hostname with the ID type
ID_FQDN.
• host domain domain-name --Matches the domain-name to the
ID type ID_FQDN whose domain name is the same as the
domain-name. Use this command to match all the hosts in the
domain.
• user username --Matches the username with the ID type
ID_USER_FQDN·
• user domain domainname --Matches the ID type
ID_USER_FQDN whose domain name matches the domainname.
Step 11 client configuration address {initiate | (Optional) Specifies whether to initiate the mode configuration exchange
respond} or responds to mode configuration requests.
Example:
Router (conf-isa-prof)# client
configuration address initiate
Step 12 client authentication list list-name (Optional) AAA (authentication, authorization, and accounting) to use
for authenticating the remote client during the extended authentication
Example: (XAUTH) exchange.
Router (conf-isa-prof)# client

authentication list xauthlist
Step 13 isakmp authorization list list-name (Optional) Network authorization server for receiving the Phase 1
preshared key and other attribute-value (AV) pairs.
Example:
Router (conf-isa-prof)# isakmp
authorization list ikessaaalist
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Configuring an ISAKMP Profile on a Crypto Map

Step 14 initiate mode aggressive (Optional) Initiates aggressive mode exchange.
• If not specified, IKE always initiates main mode exchange.
Example:
Router (conf-isa-prof)# initiate mode
aggressive
Example:
Router (conf-isa-prof)# exit
What to Do Next
Go to the section Configuring an ISAKMP Profile on a Crypto Map, on page 92.”
Configuring an ISAKMP Profile on a Crypto Map

An ISAKMP profile must be applied to the crypto map. The IVRF on the ISAKMP profile is used as a selector
when matching the VPN traffic. If there is no IVRF on the ISAKMP profile, the IVRF will be equal to the
FVRF. Perform this task to configure an ISAKMP profile on a crypto map.
Before You Begin

Before configuring an ISAKMP profile on a crypto map, you must first configure your router for basic IPsec.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. crypto map map-name isakmp-profile isakmp-profile-name
4. set isakmp-profile profile-name
5. exit
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
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VRF-Aware IPsec
Configuring to Ignore Extended Authentication During IKE Phase 1 Negotiation

Example:
Step 3 crypto map map-name isakmp-profile (Optional) Specifies the Internet Key Exchange and Key
isakmp-profile-name Management Protocol (ISAKMP) profile for the crypto map
set and enters crypto map configuration mode.
Example: • The ISAKMP profile will be used during IKE exchange.
Router (config)# crypto map vpnmap
isakmp-profile vpnprofile
Step 4 set isakmp-profile profile-name (Optional) Specifies the ISAKMP profile to use when the
traffic matches the crypto map entry.
Example:
Router (config-crypto-map)# set isakmp-profile
vpnprofile
Example:
Router (config-crypto-map)# exit
Configuring to Ignore Extended Authentication During IKE Phase 1 Negotiation

To ignore XAUTH during an IKE Phase 1 negotiation, use the no crypto xauth command. Use the no crypto
xauth command if you do not require extended authentication for the Unity clients.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. no crypto xauth interface
DETAILED STEPS

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VRF-Aware IPsec
Verifying VRF-Aware IPsec

Example:
Router> enable
Example:
Step 3 no crypto xauth interface Ignores XAUTH proposals for requests that are destined to the
IP address of the interface. By default, Internet Key Exchange
Example: (IKE) processes XAUTH proposals.
Router(config)# no crypto xauth ethernet0
Verifying VRF-Aware IPsec

To verify your VRF-Aware IPsec configurations, use the following show commands. These show commands
allow you to list configuration information and security associations (SAs):
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. show crypto ipsec sa [map map-name| address | identity | interface interface | peer [vrf fvrf-name]
address | vrf ivrf-name] [detail]
3. show crypto isakmp key
4. show crypto isakmp profile
5. show crypto key pubkey-chain rsa
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 show crypto ipsec sa [map map-name| address | Allows you to view the settings used by current security
identity | interface interface | peer [vrf fvrf-name] associations (SAs).
address | vrf ivrf-name] [detail]
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VRF-Aware IPsec
Clearing Security Associations
Example:
Router# show crypto ipsec sa vrf vpn1
Step 3 show crypto isakmp key Lists all the keyrings and their preshared keys.
• Use this command to verify your crypto keyring
Example: configuration.
Router# show crypto isakmp key
Step 4 show crypto isakmp profile Lists all ISAKMP profiles and their configurations.
Example:
Step 5 show crypto key pubkey-chain rsa Views the RSA public keys of the peer that are stored on
your router.
Example: • The output is extended to show the keyring to which
Router# show crypto key pubkey-chain rsa the public key belongs.
Clearing Security Associations

The following clear commands allow you to clear SAs.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. clear crypto sa [counters | map map-name | peer[vrf fvrf-name] address | spi address {ah | esp} spi |
vrf ivrf-name]
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 clear crypto sa [counters | map map-name | peer[vrf fvrf-name] Clears the IPsec security associations (SAs).
address | spi address {ah | esp} spi | vrf ivrf-name]
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VRF-Aware IPsec
Troubleshooting VRF-Aware IPsec
Example:
Router# clear crypto sa vrf VPN1

To troubleshoot VRF-Aware IPsec, use the following debugcommands:
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. debug crypto ipsec
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 debug crypto ipsec Displays IP security (IPsec) events.
Example:
Router# debug crypto ipsec
Step 3 debug crypto isakmp Displays messages about Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
events.
Example:
Router(config)# debug crypto isakmp
Debug Examples for VRF-Aware IPsec

The following sample debug outputs are for a VRF-aware IPsec configuration:
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VRF-Aware IPsec
IPsec PE
Router# debug crypto ipsec

Crypto IPSEC debugging is on
IPSEC-PE#debug crypto isakmp
Crypto ISAKMP debugging is on
IPSEC-PE#debug crypto isakmp d
04:31:28: ISAKMP (0:12): purging SA., sa=6482B354, delme=6482B354
04:31:28: ISAKMP: Unlocking IKE struct 0x63C142F8 for declare_sa_dead(), count 0
IPSEC-PE#debug crypto isakmp detail
Crypto ISAKMP internals debugging is on
IPSEC-PE#
IPSEC-PE#
IPSEC-PE#
04:32:07: ISAKMP: Deleting peer node by peer_reap for 10.1.1.1: 63C142F8
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie gen for src 172.16.1.1 dst 10.1.1.1
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie 3123100B DC887D4E
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 49A60E88
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie 3123100B DBC8E125
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 B4BDB5B7
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:0): received packet from 10.1.1.1 dport 500 sport 500 Global (N) NEW
SA
04:32:55: ISAKMP: local port 500, remote port 500
04:32:55: ISAKMP: hash from 729FA94 for 619 bytes
04:32:55: ISAKMP: Packet hash:
64218CC0: B91E2C70 095A1346 9.,p.Z.F
64218CD0: 0EDB4CA6 8A46784F B314FD3B 00 .[L&.FxO.};.
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 F7ACF384
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 0C07C670
04:32:55: ISAKMP: insert sa successfully sa = 6482B354
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): processing SA payload. message ID = 0
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): processing ID payload. message ID = 0
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): peer matches vpn2-ra profile
04:32:55: ISAKMP: Looking for a matching key for 10.1.1.1 in default
04:32:55: ISAKMP: Created a peer struct for 10.1.1.1, peer port 500
04:32:55: ISAKMP: Locking peer struct 0x640BBB18, IKE refcount 1 for
crypto_ikmp_config_initialize_sa
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Setting client config settings 648252B0
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): (Re)Setting client xauth list and state
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): processing vendor id payload
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): vendor ID seems Unity/DPD but major 157 mismatch
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): vendor ID is NAT-T v3
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13) Authentication by xauth preshared
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Checking ISAKMP transform 1 against priority 1 policy
04:32:55: ISAKMP: encryption AES-CBC
04:32:55: ISAKMP: hash SHA
04:32:55: ISAKMP: default group 14
04:32:55: ISAKMP: auth XAUTHInitPreShared
04:32:55: ISAKMP: life type in seconds
04:32:55: ISAKMP: life duration (VPI) of 0x0 0x20 0xC4 0x9B
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): atts are acceptable. Next payload is 3
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): processing KE payload. message ID = 0
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): processing NONCE payload. message ID = 0
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): vendor ID is DPD
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): vendor ID is XAUTH
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VRF-Aware IPsec

04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): claimed IOS but failed authentication
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): vendor ID is Unity
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Input = IKE_MESG_FROM_PEER, IKE_AM_EXCH
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Old State = IKE_READY New State = IKE_R_AM_AAA_AWAIT
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 7AE6E1DF
04:32:55: ISAKMP: isadb_post_process_list: crawler: 4 AA 31 (6482B354)
04:32:55: crawler my_cookie AA8F7B41 F7ACF384
04:32:55: crawler his_cookie E46E088D F227FE4D
04:32:55: ISAKMP: got callback 1
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): SKEYID state generated
04:32:55: ISAKMP: Unity/DPD ID: vendor_id_payload:
next: 0xD, reserved: 0x0, len 0x14
04:32:55: ISAKMP: Unity/DPD ID payload dump:
63E66D70: 0D000014 ....
63E66D80: 12F5F28C 457168A9 702D9FE2 74CC0100 .ur.Eqh)p-.btL..
63E66D90: 00 .
04:32:55: ISAKMP: Unity/DPD ID: vendor_id_payload:
next: 0xD, reserved: 0x0, len 0x14
04:32:55: ISAKMP: Unity/DPD ID payload dump:
63E66D90: 0D000014 AFCAD713 68A1F1C9 6B8696FC ..../JW.h!qIk..|
63E66DA0: 77570100 00 wW...
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): constructed NAT-T vendor-03 ID
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): SA is doing pre-shared key authentication plus XAUTH using id type
ID_IPV4_ADDR
04:32:55: ISAKMP (13): ID payload
next-payload : 10
type : 1
addr : 172.16.1.1
protocol : 17
port : 0
length : 8
04:32:55: ISAKMP (13): Total payload length: 12
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): constructed HIS NAT-D
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): constructed MINE NAT-D
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): sending packet to 10.1.1.1 my_port 500 peer_port 500 (R) AG_INIT_EXCH
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Input = IKE_MESG_FROM_AAA, PRESHARED_KEY_REPLY
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Old State = IKE_R_AM_AAA_AWAIT New State = IKE_R_AM2
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie 3123100B D99DA70D
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 9C69F917
04:32:55: ISAKMP: isadb_post_process_list: crawler: 5 21FF 1 (6482B354)
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie 3123100B 00583224
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 C1B006EE
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): received packet from 10.1.1.1 dport 500 sport 500 Global (R)
AG_INIT_EXCH
04:32:55: ISAKMP: hash from 7003A34 for 132 bytes
64218CC0: D1202D99 2BB49D38 Q -.+4.8
64218CD0: B8FBB1BE 7CDC67D7 4E26126C 63 8{1>|\gWN&.lc
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): processing HASH payload. message ID = 0
04:32:55: ISAKMP:received payload type 17
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Detected NAT-D payload
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): recalc my hash for NAT-D
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): NAT match MINE hash
04:32:55: ISAKMP:received payload type 17
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Detected NAT-D payload
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): recalc his hash for NAT-D
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): NAT match HIS hash
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): processing NOTIFY INITIAL_CONTACT protocol 1
spi 0, message ID = 0, sa = 6482B354
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Process initial contact,
bring down existing phase 1 and 2 SA's with local 172.16.1.1 remote 10.1.1.1 remote port
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VRF-Aware IPsec
500
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): returning IP addr to the address pool
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 05D315C5
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie 3123100B 041A85A6
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): SA has been authenticated with 10.1.1.1
04:32:55: ISAKMP: Trying to insert a peer 172.16.1.1/10.1.1.1/500/, and inserted
successfully.
04:32:55: ISAKMP: set new node -803402627 to CONF_XAUTH
04:32:55: IPSEC(key_engine): got a queue event...
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): sending packet to 10.1.1.1 my_port 500 peer_port 500 (R) QM_IDLE
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): purging node -803402627

04:32:55: ISAKMP: Sending phase 1 responder lifetime 86400
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Input = IKE_MESG_FROM_PEER, IKE_AM_EXCH
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Old State = IKE_R_AM2 New State = IKE_P1_COMPLETE
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 25EEF256
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Need XAUTH
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Input = IKE_MESG_INTERNAL, IKE_PHASE1_COMPLETE
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Old State = IKE_P1_COMPLETE New State =
IKE_XAUTH_AAA_START_LOGIN_AWAIT
04:32:55: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 2CCFA491
04:32:55: ISAKMP: isadb_post_process_list: crawler: B 27FF 12 (6482B354)
04:32:55: ISAKMP: set new node -1447732198 to CONF_XAUTH
04:32:55: ISAKMP/xauth: request attribute XAUTH_USER_NAME_V2
04:32:55: ISAKMP/xauth: request attribute XAUTH_USER_PASSWORD_V2
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): initiating peer config to 10.1.1.1. ID = -1447732198
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): sending packet to 10.1.1.1 my_port 500 peer_port 500 (R) CONF_XAUTH
04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Input = IKE_MESG_FROM_AAA, IKE_AAA_START_LOGIN

04:32:55: ISAKMP (0:13): Old State = IKE_XAUTH_AAA_START_LOGIN_AWAIT New State =
IKE_XAUTH_REQ_SENT
04:33:00: ISAKMP (0:13): retransmitting phase 2 CONF_XAUTH -1447732198 ...
04:33:00: ISAKMP (0:13): incrementing error counter on sa: retransmit phase 2
04:33:00: ISAKMP (0:13): incrementing error counter on sa: retransmit phase 2
04:33:00: ISAKMP (0:13): retransmitting phase 2 -1447732198 CONF_XAUTH

04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie 3123100B 124D4618
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 B0C91917
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie 3123100B 0E294692
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 091A7695
CONF_XAUTH
04:33:03: ISAKMP: hash from 7292D74 for 92 bytes
64218CC0: 84A1AF24 5D92B116 .!/$].1.
64218CD0: FC2C6252 A472C5F8 152AC860 63 |,bR$rEx.*H`c
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): processing transaction payload from 11.1.1.1. message ID =
-1447732198
04:33:03: ISAKMP: Config payload REPLY
04:33:03: ISAKMP/xauth: reply attribute XAUTH_USER_NAME_V2
04:33:03: ISAKMP/xauth: reply attribute XAUTH_USER_PASSWORD_V2
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): deleting node -1447732198 error FALSE reason "done with xauth
99
VRF-Aware IPsec
request/reply exchange"
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Input = IKE_MESG_FROM_PEER, IKE_CFG_REPLY
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Old State = IKE_XAUTH_REQ_SENT New State =
IKE_XAUTH_AAA_CONT_LOGIN_AWAIT
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 A1B3E684
04:33:03: ISAKMP: set new node 524716665 to CONF_XAUTH
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): initiating peer config to 10.1.1.1. ID = 524716665
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Input = IKE_MESG_FROM_AAA, IKE_AAA_CONT_LOGIN

04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Old State = IKE_XAUTH_AAA_CONT_LOGIN_AWAIT New State =
IKE_XAUTH_SET_SENT
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie 3123100B 5C83A09D
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 2BEBEFD4
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie 3123100B DA00A46B
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 FDD27773
CONF_XAUTH
64218CC0: 5034B99E B8BA531F P49.8:S.
64218CD0: 6267B8BD F3006989 DC118796 63 bg8=s.i.\...c
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): processing transaction payload from 11.1.1.1. message ID = 524716665
04:33:03: ISAKMP: Config payload ACK
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): XAUTH ACK Processed
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): deleting node 524716665 error FALSE reason "done with transaction"
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Input = IKE_MESG_FROM_PEER, IKE_CFG_ACK
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Old State = IKE_XAUTH_SET_SENT New State = IKE_P1_COMPLETE
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 E0BB50E9
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Input = IKE_MESG_INTERNAL, IKE_PHASE1_COMPLETE
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Old State = IKE_P1_COMPLETE New State = IKE_P1_COMPLETE
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie 3123100B 7794EF6E
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 C035AAE5
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie 3123100B F1FCC25A
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 31744F44
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): received packet from 10.1.1.1 dport 500 sport 500 Global (R) QM_IDLE
04:33:03: ISAKMP: set new node -1639992295 to QM_IDLE

64218CC0: 9D7DF4DF FE3A6403 .}t_~:d.
64218CD0: 3F1D1C59 C5D138CE 50289B79 07 ?..YEQ8NP(.y.
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): processing transaction payload from 10.1.1.1. message ID =
-1639992295
100
VRF-Aware IPsec
04:33:03: ISAKMP: Config payload REQUEST

04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): checking request:
04:33:03: ISAKMP: IP4_ADDRESS
04:33:03: ISAKMP: IP4_NETMASK
04:33:03: ISAKMP: IP4_DNS
04:33:03: ISAKMP: IP4_DNS
04:33:03: ISAKMP: IP4_NBNS
04:33:03: ISAKMP: IP4_NBNS
04:33:03: ISAKMP: SPLIT_INCLUDE
04:33:03: ISAKMP: DEFAULT_DOMAIN
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Input = IKE_MESG_FROM_PEER, IKE_CFG_REQUEST
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Old State = IKE_P1_COMPLETE New State = IKE_CONFIG_AUTHOR_AAA_AWAIT

04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 B02E0D67
04:33:03: ISAKMP: isadb_post_process_list: crawler: C 27FF 12 (6482B354)
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): attributes sent in message:
04:33:03: Address: 10.2.0.0
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): allocating address 10.4.1.4
04:33:03: ISAKMP: Sending private address: 10.4.1.4
04:33:03: ISAKMP: Sending DEFAULT_DOMAIN default domain name: vpn2.com
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): responding to peer config from 10.1.1.1. ID = -1639992295
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): sending packet to 10.1.1.1 my_port 500 peer_port 500 (R) CONF_ADDR
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): deleting node -1639992295 error FALSE reason ""
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Input = IKE_MESG_FROM_AAA, IKE_AAA_GROUP_ATTR
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Old State = IKE_CONFIG_AUTHOR_AAA_AWAIT New State = IKE_P1_COMPLETE

04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie 3123100B 881D5411
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 6FD82541
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie 3123100B 8A94C1BE
04:33:03: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 F3BA766D
04:33:03: ISAKMP: set new node 17011691 to QM_IDLE

04:33:03: ISAKMP: hash from 70029F4 for 540 bytes
64218CC0: AFBA30B2 55F5BC2D /:02Uu<-
64218CD0: 3A86B1C9 00D2F5BA 77BF5589 07 :.1I.Ru:w?U..
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): processing HASH payload. message ID = 17011691
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): processing SA payload. message ID = 17011691
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Checking IPSec proposal 1
04:33:03: ISAKMP: transform 1, ESP_AES
04:33:03: ISAKMP: attributes in transform:
04:33:03: ISAKMP: encaps is 1
04:33:03: ISAKMP: SA life type in seconds
04:33:03: ISAKMP: SA life duration (VPI) of 0x0 0x20 0xC4 0x9B
04:33:03: ISAKMP: SA life type in kilobytes
04:33:03: ISAKMP: SA life duration (VPI) of 0x0 0x46 0x50 0x0
04:33:03: ISAKMP: authenticator is HMAC-SHA
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): atts are acceptable.
04:33:03: IPSEC(validate_proposal_request): proposal part #1,
(key eng. msg.) INBOUND local= 172.18.1.1, remote= 10.1.1.1,
local_proxy= 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0 (type=4),
remote_proxy= 10.4.1.4/255.255.255.255/0/0 (type=1),
protocol= ESP, transform= esp-aes esp-sha-hmac,
lifedur= 0s and 0kb,
spi= 0x0(0), conn_id= 0, keysize= 0, flags= 0x2
04:33:03: IPSEC(kei_proxy): head = ra, map->ivrf = vpn1, kei->ivrf = vpn2
101
VRF-Aware IPsec
04:33:03: IPSEC(validate_transform_proposal): transform proposal not supported for identity:
{esp-aes esp-sha-hmac}
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): IPSec policy invalidated proposal
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Checking IPSec proposal 2
04:33:03: ISAKMP: transform 1, ESP_AES
04:33:03: ISAKMP: attributes in transform:
04:33:03: ISAKMP: encaps is 1
04:33:03: ISAKMP: SA life type in seconds
04:33:03: ISAKMP: SA life duration (VPI) of 0x0 0x20 0xC4 0x9B
04:33:03: ISAKMP: SA life type in kilobytes
04:33:03: ISAKMP: SA life duration (VPI) of 0x0 0x46 0x50 0x0
04:33:03: ISAKMP: authenticator is HMAC-SHA
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): atts are acceptable.
04:33:03: IPSEC(validate_proposal_request): proposal part #1,
local_proxy= 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0 (type=4),
spi= 0x0(0), conn_id= 0, keysize= 0, flags= 0x2
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): processing NONCE payload. message ID = 17011691
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): asking for 1 spis from ipsec
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Node 17011691, Input = IKE_MESG_FROM_PEER, IKE_QM_EXCH
04:33:03: ISAKMP (0:13): Old State = IKE_QM_READY New State = IKE_QM_SPI_STARVE
04:33:03: IPSEC(spi_response): getting spi 2749516541 for SA
from 172.18.1.1 to 10.1.1.1 for prot 3
04:33:03: ISAKMP: received ke message (2/1)
next-payload : 5
type : 1
addr : 10.4.1.4
protocol : 0
port : 0
next-payload : 11
type : 4
addr : 0.0.0.0
protocol : 0
port : 0
04:33:04: ISAKMP (0:13): sending packet to 10.1.1.1 my_port 500 peer_port 500 (R) QM_IDLE
04:33:04: ISAKMP (0:13): Node 17011691, Input = IKE_MESG_FROM_IPSEC, IKE_SPI_REPLY

04:33:04: ISAKMP (0:13): Old State = IKE_QM_SPI_STARVE New State = IKE_QM_R_QM2
04:33:04: ISAKMP cookie 3123100B 93DE46D2
04:33:04: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 088A0A16
04:33:04: ISAKMP cookie 3123100B A8F23F73
04:33:04: ISAKMP cookie AA8F7B41 93D8D879
04:33:04: ISAKMP: hash from 7290DB4 for 60 bytes

64218CC0: 4BB45A92 7181A2F8 K4Z.q."x
64218CD0: 73CC12F8 091875C0 054F77CD 63 [email protected]
04:33:04: ISAKMP: Locking peer struct 0x640BBB18, IPSEC refcount 1 for stuff_ke
04:33:04: ISAKMP (0:13): Creating IPSec SAs
04:33:04: inbound SA from 10.1.1.1 to 172.18.1.1 (f/i) 0/ 2
(proxy 10.4.1.4 to 0.0.0.0)
102
VRF-Aware IPsec
Configuration Examples for VRF-Aware IPsec
04:33:04: has spi 0xA3E24AFD and conn_id 5127 and flags 2

04:33:04: lifetime of 2147483 seconds
04:33:04: lifetime of 4608000 kilobytes
04:33:04: has client flags 0x0
04:33:04: outbound SA from 172.18.1.1 to 10.1.1.1 (f/i) 0/ 2 (proxy
0.0.0.0 to 10.4.1.4 )
04:33:04: has spi 1343294712 and conn_id 5128 and flags A
04:33:04: lifetime of 2147483 seconds
04:33:04: lifetime of 4608000 kilobytes
04:33:04: has client flags 0x0
04:33:04: ISAKMP (0:13): deleting node 17011691 error FALSE reason "quick mode done (await)"
04:33:04: ISAKMP (0:13): Node 17011691, Input = IKE_MESG_FROM_PEER, IKE_QM_EXCH
04:33:04: ISAKMP (0:13): Old State = IKE_QM_R_QM2 New State = IKE_QM_PHASE2_COMPLETE
04:33:04: IPSEC(initialize_sas): ,
local_proxy= 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0 (type=4),
protocol= ESP, transform= esp-aes esp-sha-hmac ,
spi= 0xA3E24AFD(2749516541), conn_id= 5127, keysize= 0, flags= 0x2
04:33:04: IPSEC(initialize_sas): ,
(key eng. msg.) OUTBOUND local= 172.18.1.1, remote= 10.1.1.1,
local_proxy= 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0 (type=4),
spi= 0x50110CF8(1343294712), conn_id= 5128, keysize= 0, flags= 0xA
04:33:04: IPSEC(rte_mgr): VPN Route Added 10.4.1.4 255.255.255.255 via 10.1.1.1 in vpn2
04:33:04: IPSEC(add mtree): src 0.0.0.0, dest 10.4.1.4, dest_port 0
04:33:04: IPSEC(create_sa): sa created,
(sa) sa_dest= 172.18.1.1, sa_prot= 50,
sa_spi= 0xA3E24AFD(2749516541),
sa_trans= esp-aes esp-sha-hmac, sa_conn_id= 5127
04:33:04: IPSEC(create_sa): sa created,
(sa) sa_dest= 10.1.1.1, sa_prot= 50,
sa_spi= 0x50110CF8(1343294712),
sa_trans= esp-aes esp-sha-hmac, sa_conn_id= 5128
04:33:53: ISAKMP (0:13): purging node -1639992295
04:33:54: ISAKMP (0:13): purging node 17011691
Configuration Examples for VRF-Aware IPsec
Example Static IPsec-to-MPLS VPN

The following sample shows a static configuration that maps IPsec tunnels to MPLS VPNs. The configurations
map IPsec tunnels to MPLS VPNs “VPN1” and “VPN2.” Both of the IPsec tunnels terminate on a single
public-facing interface.
IPsec PE Configuration
ip vrf vpn1
rd 100:1
route-target export 100:1
route-target import 100:1
!
ip vrf vpn2
rd 101:1
!
103
VRF-Aware IPsec
Example Static IPsec-to-MPLS VPN
crypto keyring vpn1

pre-shared-key address 172.16.1.1 key vpn1
crypto keyring vpn2
pre-shared-key address 10.1.1.1 key vpn2
!
encr aes
group 14
!
crypto isakmp profile vpn1
vrf vpn1
keyring vpn1
!
vrf vpn2
keyring vpn2
!
crypto ipsec transform-set vpn1 esp-aes esp-sha-hmac
!
crypto map crypmap 1 ipsec-isakmp
set peer 172.16.1.1
set transform-set vpn1
set isakmp-profile vpn1
match address 101
set peer 10.1.1.1
match address 102
!
interface Ethernet1/1
ip address 172.17.1.1 255.255.0.0
tag-switching ip
!
ip address 172.18.1.1 255.255.255.0
crypto map crypmap
!
ip route 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.255 172.18.1.2
ip route 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 172.18.1.2
ip route vrf vpn1 10.2.0.0 255.255.0.0 172.18.1.2 global
!
access-list 101 permit ip 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 10.2.0.0 0.0.255.255
IPsec Customer Provided Edge (CPE) Configuration for VPN1

encr aes
group 14
crypto isakmp key vpn1 address 172.18.1.1
!
!
!
crypto map vpn1 1 ipsec-isakmp
set peer 172.18.1.1
match address 101
!
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
crypto map vpn1
!
104
VRF-Aware IPsec
Example IPsec-to-MPLS VPN Using RSA Encryption
ip address 10.2.1.1 255.255.0.0

!
!
IPsec CPE Configuration for VPN2

encr aes
group 14
!
crypto isakmp key vpn2 address 172.18.1.1
!
!
!
set peer 172.18.1.1
match address 101
!
interface FastEthernet0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
crypto map vpn2
!
ip address 10.2.1.1 255.255.0.0
!
Example IPsec-to-MPLS VPN Using RSA Encryption

The following example shows an IPsec-to-MPLS configuration using RSA encryption:
PE Router Configuration
ip vrf vpn1
rd 100:1
!
authentication rsa-encr
!
crypto keyring vpn1
rsa-pubkey address 172.16.1.1 encryption
key-string
305C300D 06092A86 4886F70D 01010105 00034B00 30480241 00DBF381 00DDECC8
DC4AA490 40320C52 9912D876 EB36717C 63DCA95C 7E5EC02A 84F276CE 292B42D7
D664F324 3726F4E0 39D33093 ECB81B95 482511A5 F064C4B3 D5020301 0001
quit
!
vrf vpn1
keyring vpn1
!
!
set peer 172.16.1.1
match address 101
!
105
VRF-Aware IPsec
Example IPsec-to-MPLS VPN with RSA Signatures
ip address 172.17.1.1 255.255.0.0
tag-switching ip
!
ip address 172.18.1.1 255.255.255.0
crypto map crypmap
!
ip route 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.255 172.18.1.2
!

authentication rsa-encr
!
crypto key pubkey-chain rsa
addressed-key 172.18.1.1 encryption
key-string
3082011B 300D0609 2A864886 F70D0101 01050003 82010800 30820103 0281FB00
C90CC78A 6002BDBA 24683396 B7D7877C 16D08C47 E00C3C10 63CF13BC 4E09EA23
92EB8A48 4113F5A4 8796C8BE AD7E2DC1 3B0742B6 7118CE7C 1B0E21D1 AA9724A4
4D74FCEA 562FF225 A2B11F18 E53C4415 61C3B741 3A06E75D B4F9102D 6163EE40
16C68FD7 6532F660 97B59118 9C8DE3E5 4E2F2925 BBB87FCB 95223D4E A5E362DB
215CB35C 260080805 17BBE1EF C3050E13 031F3D5B 5C22D16C FC8B1EC5 074F07A5
D050EC80 7890D9C5 EC20D6F0 173FE2BA 89F5B5F9 2EADC9A6 D461921E 3D5B60016
ABB8B6B9 E2124A21 93F0E4AE B487461B E7F1F1C4 032A0B0E 80DC3E15 CB268EC9
5D76B9BD 3C78CB75 CE9F68C6 484D6573 CBC3EB59 4B5F3999 8F9D0203 010001
quit
!
!
set peer 172.18.1.1
match address 101
!
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
crypto map vpn1
!
ip address 10.2.1.1 255.255.0.0
!
!

The following shows an IPsec-to-MPLS VPN configuration using RSA signatures:
ip vrf vpn1
rd 100:1
!
crypto ca trustpoint bombo
enrollment url http://172.31.68.59:80
crl optional
!
crypto ca certificate chain bombo
certificate 03C0
106
VRF-Aware IPsec
308203BF 308202A7 A0030201 02020203 C0300D06 092A8648 86F70D01 01050500

. . .
quit
certificate ca 01
30820379 30820261 A0030201 02020101 300D0609 2A864886 F70D0101 05050030
. . .
quit
!
vrf vpn1
ca trust-point bombo
!
!
set peer 172.16.1.1
match address 101
!
ip address 172.31.1.1 255.255.0.0
tag-switching ip
!
ip address 172.18.1.1 255.255.255.0
crypto map crypmap
!
ip route 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.255 172.18.1.2
!
!
crypto ca trustpoint bombo

enrollment url http://172.31.68.59:80
crl optional
!
crypto ca certificate chain bombo
certificate 03BF
308203BD 308202A5 A0030201 02020203 BF300D06 092A8648 86F70D01 01050500
. . .
quit
certificate ca 01
30820379 30820261 A0030201 02020101 300D0609 2A864886 F70D0101 05050030
. . .
quit
!
!
set peer 172.18.1.1
match address 101
!
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
crypto map vpn1
!
ip address 10.2.1.1 255.255.0.0
!
!
107
VRF-Aware IPsec
Example IPsec Remote Access-to-MPLS VPN
Example IPsec Remote Access-to-MPLS VPN

The following shows an IPsec remote access-to-MPLS VPN configuration. The configuration maps IPsec
tunnels to MPLS VPNs. The IPsec tunnels terminate on a single public-facing interface.
aaa new-model
!
aaa group server radius vpn1
server-private 10.1.1.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 timeout 5 retransmit 3 key vpn1
!
aaa group server radius vpn2
server-private 10.1.1.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 timeout 5 retransmit 3 key vpn2
!
aaa authorization network aaa-list group radius
!
ip vrf vpn1
rd 100:1
!
ip vrf vpn2
rd 101:1
!
crypto isakmp profile vpn1-ra
vrf vpn1
match identity group vpn1-ra
client authentication list vpn1
isakmp authorization list aaa-list
client configuration address initiate
crypto isakmp profile vpn2-ra
vrf vpn2
match identity group vpn2-ra
client authentication list vpn2
isakmp authorization list aaa-list
!
!
!
crypto dynamic-map vpn1 1
set isakmp-profile vpn1-ra
reverse-route
!
crypto dynamic-map vpn2 1
set isakmp-profile vpn2-ra
reverse-route
!
!
crypto map ra 1 ipsec-isakmp dynamic vpn1
crypto map ra 2 ipsec-isakmp dynamic vpn2
!
ip address 172.17.1.1 255.255.0.0
tag-switching ip
!
ip address 172.18.1.1 255.255.255.0
crypto map ra
!
108
VRF-Aware IPsec
Upgrade from Previous Versions of the Cisco Network-Based IPsec VPN Solution
ip local pool vpn1-ra 10.4.1.1 10.4.1.254 group vpn1-ra

ip local pool vpn2-ra 10.4.1.1 10.4.1.254 group vpn2-ra
!
Upgrade from Previous Versions of the Cisco Network-Based IPsec VPN

Solution
The VRF-Aware IPsec feature in the Cisco network-based IPsec VPN solution release 1.5 requires that you
change your existing configurations. The following sample configurations indicate the changes you must
make to your existing configurations.
Site-to-Site Configuration Upgrade

The following configurations show the changes that are necessary for a site-to-site configuration upgrade
from a previous version of the network-based IPsec VPN solution to the Cisco network-based IPsec VPN
solution release 1.5:
Previous Version Site-to-Site Configuration
crypto isakmp key VPN1 address 172.21.25.74

crypto isakmp key VPN2 address 172.21.21.74
!
crypto ipsec transform-set VPN1 esp-aes esp-sha-hmac
!
crypto map VPN1 10 ipsec-isakmp
set peer 172.21.25.74
set transform-set VPN1
match address 101
!
set peer 172.21.21.74
match address 102
!
interface FastEthernet0/0.1
encapsulation dot1Q 1 native
ip vrf forwarding VPN1
ip address 172.21.25.73 255.255.255.0
crypto map VPN1
!
ip address 172.21.21.74 255.255.255.0
crypto map VPN2
New Version Site-to-Site Configuration

The following is an upgraded version of the same site-to-site configuration to the Cisco network-based IPsec
VPN solution release 1.5 solution:
109
VRF-Aware IPsec
Note You must change two keyrings. The VRF-Aware Upset feature requires that keys be associated with a
VRF if the IKE local endpoint is in the VRF.
crypto keyring VPN1-KEYS vrf VPN1

pre-shared-key address 172.21.25.74 key VPN1
!
!
!
set peer 172.21.25.74
match address 101
!
set peer 172.21.21.74
match address 102
!
ip address 172.21.25.73 255.255.255.0
crypto map VPN1
!
ip address 172.21.21.74 255.255.255.0
crypto map VPN2
Remote Access Configuration Upgrade

The following configurations show the changes that are necessary for a remote access configuration upgrade
from a previous version of the network-based IPsec VPN solution to the Cisco network-based IPsec VPN
solution release 1.5:
Previous Version Remote Access Configuration
crypto isakmp client configuration group VPN1-RA-GROUP

key VPN1-RA
pool VPN1-RA
!
key VPN2-RA
pool VPN2-RA
!
crypto ipsec transform-set VPN1-RA esp-aes esp-sha-hmac
!
crypto dynamic-map VPN1-RA 1
set transform-set VPN1-RA
reverse-route
!
reverse-route
!
!
110
VRF-Aware IPsec
crypto map VPN1 client authentication list VPN1-RA-LIST

crypto map VPN1 isakmp authorization list VPN1-RA-LIST
crypto map VPN1 client configuration address initiate
crypto map VPN1 client configuration address respond
crypto map VPN1 10 ipsec-isakmp dynamic VPN1-RA
!
!
ip address 172.21.25.73 255.255.255.0
crypto map VPN1
!
ip address 172.21.21.74 255.255.255.0
crypto map VPN2
New Version Remote Access Configuration

In the following instance, there is no upgrade; it is recommended that you change to the following configuration:

key VPN1-RA
pool VPN1-RA
!
key VPN2-RA
pool VPN2-RA
!
crypto isakmp profile VPN1-RA
match identity group VPN1-RA-GROUP
client authentication list VPN1-RA-LIST
isakmp authorization list VPN1-RA-LIST
!
!
!
set isakmp-profile VPN1-RA
reverse-route
!
reverse-route
!
!
!
111
VRF-Aware IPsec
ip address 172.21.25.73 255.255.255.0

crypto map VPN1
!
ip address 172.21.21.74 255.255.255.0
crypto map VPN2
Combination Site-to-Site and Remote Access Configuration Upgrade

The following configurations show the changes that are necessary for a site-to-site and remote access
configuration upgrade from a previous version of the network-based IPsec VPN solution to the Cisco
network-based IPsec VPN solution release 1.5:
Previous Version Site-to-Site and Remote Access Configuration
crypto isakmp key VPN1 address 172.21.25.74 no-xauth

crypto isakmp key VPN2 address 172.21.21.74 no-xauth
!
key VPN1-RA
pool VPN1-RA
!
key VPN2-RA
pool VPN2-RA
!
!
!
reverse-route
!
reverse-route
!
set peer 172.21.25.74
match address 101
!
set peer 172.21.21.74
match address 102
!
ip address 172.21.25.73 255.255.255.0
crypto map VPN1
112
VRF-Aware IPsec
!
ip address 172.21.21.74 255.255.255.0
crypto map VPN2
New Version Site-to-Site and Remote Access Configuration

You must upgrade to this configuration:
Note For site-to-site configurations that do not require XAUTH, configure an ISAKMP profile without XAUTH
configuration. For remote access configurations that require XAUTH, configure an ISAKMP profile with
XAUTH.

!
!
key VPN1-RA
pool VPN1-RA
!
key VPN2-RA
pool VPN2-RA
!
crypto isakmp profile VPN1
keyring VPN1-KEYS
match identity address 172.21.25.74 VPN1
!
crypto isakmp profile VPN2
keyring VPN2-KEYS
match identity address 172.21.21.74 VPN2
!
!
!
!
!
reverse-route
!
reverse-route
113
VRF-Aware IPsec
!
set peer 172.21.25.74
set isakmp-profile VPN1
match address 101
!
set peer 172.21.21.74
set isakmp-profile VPN2
match address 102
!
ip address 172.21.25.73 255.255.255.0
crypto map VPN1
!
ip address 172.21.21.74 255.255.255.0
crypto map VPN2
Related Documents

IPsec configuration tasks “ Configuring Security for VPNs with IPsec”
IPsec commands Cisco IOS Security Command Reference
IKE Phase 1 and Phase 2, aggressive mode, and main “Configuring Internet Key Exchange for IPsec VPNs”
mode
IKE dead peer detection “Easy VPN Server”
Standards
Standard Title
None --
114
VRF-Aware IPsec
Feature Information for VRF-Aware IPsec
MIBs
MIB MIBs Link

Cisco software releases, and feature sets, use Cisco
MIB Locator found at the following URL:
RFCs
RFC Title
None --
Description Link
and password.

115
VRF-Aware IPsec
Table 5: Feature Information for VRF-Aware IPsec

VRF-Aware IPsec 12.2(15)T The VRF-Aware IPsec feature
introduces IP Security (IPsec)
tunnel mapping to Multiprotocol
Label Switching (MPLS) Virtual
Private Networks (VPNs). Using
the VRF-Aware IPsec feature, you
can map IPsec tunnels to Virtual
Routing and Forwarding (VRF)
instances using a single
public-facing address.
This feature was introduced in
Cisco IOS Release 12.2(15)T.
introduced or modified: address,
ca trust-point, client
authentication list, client
configuration address, crypto
isakmp profile, crypto keyring,
crypto map isakmp-profile,
initiate-mode, isakmp
authorization list, keepalive
(isakmp profile), keyring,
key-string, match identity, no
crypto xauth, pre-shared-key,
quit, rsa-pubkey, self-identity,
serial-number, set
isakmp-profile, show crypto
isakmp key, show crypto isakmp
profile, vrf, clear crypto sa,
crypto isakmp peer, crypto map
isakmp-profile, show crypto
dynamic-map, show crypto ipsec
sa, show crypto isakmp sa, show
crypto map (IPsec).
15.1(1)S This feature was integrated into

Cisco IOS Release 15.1(1)S.
116
VRF-Aware IPsec
Glossary
Glossary
CA --certification authority. CA is an entity that issues digital certificates (especially X.509 certificates) and
vouches for the binding between the data items in a certificate.
CLI --command-line-interface. CLI is an interface that allows the user to interact with the operating system
by entering commands and optional arguments. The UNIX operating system and DOS provide CLIs.
client --Corresponding IPsec IOS peer of the UUT in the Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network.
dead peer --IKE peer that is no longer reachable.
DN --Distinguished Name. A DN is the global, authoritative name of an entry in the Open System
Interconnection (OSI Directory [X.500]).
FQDN --fully qualified domain name. A FQDN is the full name of a system rather than just its host name.
For example, aldebaran is a host name, and aldebaran.interop.com is an FQDN.
FR --Frame Relay. FR is an industry-standard, switch-data-link-layer protocol that handles multiple virtual
circuits using high-level data link (HDLC) encapsulation between connected devices. Frame Relay is more
efficient than X.25, the protocol for which it generally is considered a replacement.
FVRF --Front Door Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) repository. FVRF is the VRF used to route the
encrypted packets to the peer.
IDB --Interface descriptor block. An IDB subblock is an area of memory that is private to an application. This
area stores private information and states variables that an application wants to associate with an IDB or an
interface. The application uses the IDB to register a pointer to its subblock, not to the contents of the subblock
itself.
IKE --Internet Key Exchange. IKE establishes a shared security policy and authenticates keys for services
(such as IPsec) that require keys. Before any IPsec traffic can be passed, each router, firewall, and host must
verify the identity of its peer. This can be done by manually entering preshared keys into both hosts or by a
CA service.
IKE keepalive --Bidirectional mechanism for determining the liveliness of an IKE peer.
IPsec --Security protocol for IP.
IVRF --Inside Virtual Routing and Forwarding. IVRF is the VRF of the plaintext packets.
MPLS --Multiprotocol Label Switching. MPLS is a switching method that forwards IP traffic using a label.
This label instructs the routers and the switches in the network where to forward the packets based on
preestablished IP routing information.
RSA --Rivest, Shamir, and Adelman are the inventors of the RSA technique. The RSA technique is a public-key
cryptographic system that can be used for encryption and authentication.
SA --Security Association. SA is an instance of security policy and keying material applied to a data flow.
VPN --Virtual Private Network. A VPN enables IP traffic to travel securely over a public TCP or IP network
by encrypting all traffic from one network to another. A VPN uses “tunneling” to encrypt all information at
the IP level.
VRF --Virtual Route Forwarding. VRF is A VPN routing and forwarding instance. A VRF consists of an IP
routing table, a derived forwarding table, a set of interfaces that use the forwarding table, and a set of rules
and routing protocols that determine what goes into the forwarding table. In general, a VRF includes the
routing information that defines a customer VPN site that is attached to a PE router.
117
VRF-Aware IPsec
Glossary
XAUTH --Extended authentication. XAUTH is an optional exchange between IKE Phase 1 and IKE Phase
2, in which the router demands additional authentication information in an attempt to authenticate the actual
user (as opposed to authenticating the peer).
118
CHAPTER 8
IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode
The IKE: Initiate Aggressive Mode feature allows you to specify RADIUS tunnel attributes for an IP security
(IPsec) peer and to initiate an Internet Key Exchange (IKE) aggressive mode negotiation with the tunnel
attributes. This feature is best implemented in a crypto hub-and-spoke scenario, by which the spokes initiate
IKE aggressive mode negotiation with the hub by using the preshared keys that are specified as tunnel
attributes and stored on the AAA server. This scenario is scalable because the preshared keys are kept at a
central repository (the AAA server) and more than one hub router and one application can use the information.

• Prerequisites for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode, page 120
• Restrictions for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode, page 120
• Information About IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode, page 120
• How to Configure IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode, page 121
• Configuration Examples for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode, page 123
• Feature Information for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode, page 126

119
Prerequisites for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode
Prerequisites for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode

Before configuring the Initiate Aggressive Mode IKE feature, you must perform the following tasks:
• Configure AAA
• Configure an IPsec Transform
• Configure a static crypto map
• Configure an Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) policy
• Configure a dynamic crypto map
Restrictions for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode

TED Restriction
This feature is not intended to be used with a dynamic crypto map that uses Tunnel Endpoint Discovery (TED)
to initiate tunnel setup. TED is useful in configuring a full mesh setup, which requires an AAA server at each
site to store the preshared keys for the peers; this configuration is not practical for use with this feature.
Tunnel-Client-Endpoint ID Types
Only the following ID types can be used in this feature:
• ID_IPV4 (IPV4 address)
• ID_FQDN (fully qualified domain name, for example “foo.cisco.com”)
• ID_USER_FQDN (e-mail address)
Information About IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode
Overview
The IKE: Initiate Aggressive Mode feature allows you to configure IKE preshared keys as RADIUS tunnel
attributes for IPsec peers. Thus, you can scale your IKE preshared keys in a hub-and-spoke topology.
Although IKE preshared keys are simple to understand and easy to deploy, they do not scale well with an
increasing number of users and are therefore prone to security threats. Instead of keeping your preshared keys
on the hub router, this feature allows you to scale your preshared keys by storing and retrieving them from
an authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server. The preshared keys are stored in the AAA
server as Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RADIUS tunnel attributes and are retrieved when a user
tries to “speak” to the hub router. The hub router retrieves the preshared key from the AAA server and the
spokes (the users) initiate aggressive mode to the hub by using the preshared key that is specified in the Internet
Security Association Key Management Policy (ISAKMP) peer policy as a RADIUS tunnel attribute.
120
RADIUS Tunnel Attributes
RADIUS Tunnel Attributes

To initiate an IKE aggressive mode negotiation, the Tunnel-Client-Endpoint (66) and Tunnel-Password (69)
attributes must be configured in the ISAKMP peer policy. The Tunnel-Client-Endpoint attribute will be
communicated to the server by encoding it in the appropriate IKE identity payload; the Tunnel-Password
attribute will be used as the IKE preshared key for the aggressive mode negotiation
How to Configure IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode
Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Attributes

To configure the Tunnel-Client-Endpoint and Tunnel-Password attributes within the ISAKMP peer
configuration, perform the following steps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
3. crypto map map-name isakmp authorization list list-name
4. crypto isakmp peer {ip-address ip-address | fqdn fqdn}
5. set aggressive-mode client-endpoint client-endpoint
6. set aggressive-mode password password
DETAILED STEPS

Example:
Router> enable
Example:
Step 3 crypto map map-name isakmp authorization list Enables IKE querying of AAA for tunnel attributes in
list-name aggressive mode.
Example:
Router (config)# crypto map testmap10 isakmp
authorization list list ike
121
Verifying RADIUS Tunnel Attribute Configurations

Step 4 crypto isakmp peer {ip-address ip-address | fqdn fqdn} Enables an IPsec peer for IKE querying of AAA for
tunnel attributes in aggressive mode and enters
Example: ISAKMP policy configuration mode.
Router (config)# crypto isakmp peer ip address

10.10.10.1
Step 5 set aggressive-mode client-endpoint client-endpoint Specifies the Tunnel-Client-Endpoint attribute within
an ISAKMP peer configuration.
Example:
Router (config-isakmp)# set aggressive-mode
client-endpoint user-fqdn [email protected]
Step 6 set aggressive-mode password password Specifies the Tunnel-Password attribute within an
ISAKMP peer configuration.
Example:
Router (config-isakmp)#set aggressive-mode password
cisco123
Verifying RADIUS Tunnel Attribute Configurations

To verify that the Tunnel-Client-Endpoint and Tunnel-Password attributes have been configured within the
ISAKMP peer policy, use the show running-configglobal configuration command.
To troubleshoot the IKE: Initiate Aggressive Mode feature, perform the following steps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. debug aaa authorization
4. debug radius
DETAILED STEPS

122
Configuration Examples for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode

Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 debug aaa authorization Displays information about AAA authorization.
Example:
Router# debug aaa authorization
Step 3 debug crypto isakmp Displays messages about IKE events.
Example:
Router# debug crypto isakmp
Step 4 debug radius Displays information associated with RADIUS.
Example:
Router# debug radius
Configuration Examples for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode
Hub Configuration Example

The following example shows how to configure a hub for a hub-and-spoke topology that supports aggressive
mode using RADIUS tunnel attributes:
!The AAA configurations are as follows:

aaa new-model
aaa authorization network ike group radius
aaa authentication login default group radius
!
! The Radius configurations are as follows:
radius-server host 10.1.1.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
radius-server key rad123
!
! The IKE configurations are as follows:
!
! The IPsec configurations are as follows:
crypto ipsec transform-set trans1 esp-aes esp-sha-hmac
!
crypto dynamic-map Dmap 10
set transform-set trans1
!
crypto map Testtag isakmp authorization list ike
crypto map Testtag 10 ipsec-isakmp dynamic Dmap
123
Spoke Configuration Example
!
ip address 10.4.4.1 255.255.255.0
crypto map Testtag
!
ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0
Spoke Configuration Example

The following example shows how to configure a spoke for a hub-and-spoke topology that supports aggressive
mode using RADIUS tunnel attributes:
!The IKE configurations are as follows:

!
! The IPsec configurations are as follows:
crypto ipsec transform-set trans1 esp-aes esp-sha-hmac
!
! Initiate aggressive mode using Radius tunnel attributes
crypto isakmp peer address 10.4.4.1
set aggressive-mode client-endpoint user-fqdn [email protected]
set aggressive-mode password cisco123
!
crypto map Testtag 10 ipsec-isakmp
set peer 10.4.4.1
set transform-set trans1
match address 101
!
ip address 10.5.5.1 255.255.255.0
crypto map Testtag
!
ip address 10.3.3.1 255.255.255.0
RADIUS User Profile Example

The following is an example of a user profile on a RADIUS server that supports the Tunnel-Client-Endpoint
and Tunnel-Password attributes:
[email protected] Password = "cisco", Service-Type = Outbound

Tunnel-Medium-Type = :1:IP,
Tunnel-Type = :1:ESP,
Cisco:Avpair = "ipsec:tunnel-password=cisco123",
Cisco:Avpair = "ipsec:key-exchange=ike"
The following sections provide references related to the IKE: Initiate Aggressive Mode feature.
Related Documents

124

Configuring authentication Configuring Authentication
Configuring IKE Configuring Internet Key Exchange for IPsec VPNs
Standards
Standard Title
No new or modified standards are supported by this --
feature, and support for existing standards has not
been modified by this feature.
MIBs
MIB MIBs Link

No new or modified MIBs are supported by this To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms,
feature, and support for existing MIBs has not been Cisco IOS XE software releases, and feature sets, use
modified by this feature. Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL:
RFCs
RFC Title
• RFC 2409 • RFC 2409, The Internet Key Exchange

• RFC 2868 • RFC 2868, RADIUS Attributes for Tunnel
Protocol Support
125
Feature Information for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode
Description Link
The Cisco Support website provides extensive online http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
Feature Information for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode

Table 6: Feature Information for IKE: Initiate Aggressive Mode

IKE: Initiate Aggressive Mode Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1 The IKE: Initiate Aggressive Mode
feature allows you to specify
RADIUS tunnel attributes for an
IPsec peer and to initiate an IKE
aggressive mode negotiation with
the tunnel attributes.
introduced or modified: crypto
isakmp peer, set aggressive-mode
client-endpoint, set
aggressive-mode password.
126

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Internet Key Exchange for IPsec VPNs Configuration Guide, Cisco

© 2016 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 1 Configuring Internet Key Exchange for IPsec VPNs 1

Configuring IKE Mode Configuration 19

CHAPTER 2 Call Admission Control for IKE 29

CHAPTER 3 Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping 37

How Certificate to ISAKMP Profile Mapping Works 39

CHAPTER 4 Encrypted Preshared Key 49

Configuring an Easy VPN Client 58

CHAPTER 5 Distinguished Name Based Crypto Maps 65

CHAPTER 6 IPsec and Quality of Service 73

Finding Feature Information 73

CHAPTER 7 VRF-Aware IPsec 83

Configuring to Ignore Extended Authentication During IKE Phase 1 Negotiation 93

CHAPTER 8 IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode 119

Configuration Examples for IKE Initiate Aggressive Mode 123

• Finding Feature Information, page 2

Finding Feature Information

Prerequisites for IKE Configuration

Restrictions for IKE Configuration

Information About Configuring IKE for IPsec VPNs

Supported Standards for Use with IKE

• SEAL—Software Encryption Algorithm. An alternative algorithm to software-based DES, 3DES, and

• Allows dynamic authentication of peers.

IKE Main Mode and Aggressive Mode

IKE Policies Security Parameters for IKE Negotiation

About IKE Policies

IKE Peers Agreeing Upon a Matching IKE Policy

RSA Encrypted Nonces

Preshared Keys An Overview

ISAKMP Identity Setting for Preshared Keys

Mask Preshared Keys

Disable Xauth on a Specific IPsec Peer

IKE Mode Configuration

How to Configure IKE for IPsec VPNs

Creating IKE Policies

Command or Action Purpose

Step 2 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.

Step 6 authentication {rsa-sig | rsa-encr | Specifies the authentication method.

Command or Action Purpose

Step 7 group {1 | 2 | 5 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 19 | 20 | Specifies the Diffie-Hellman (DH) group identifier.

Step 8 lifetime seconds Specifies the lifetime of the IKE SA.

Step 10 exit Exits global configuration mode.

Command or Action Purpose

Step 12 Repeat these steps for each policy you —

Configuring IKE Authentication

Configuring RSA Keys Manually for RSA Encrypted Nonces

Note This task can be performed only if a CA is not in use.

10. address ip-address

Command or Action Purpose

Step 2 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.

Step 3 crypto key generate rsa{general-keys} | usage-keys} Generates RSA keys.

Command or Action Purpose

Note If a label is not specified, then FQDN value is

Step 7 configure terminal Returns to global configuration mode.

Example: • If the remote peer uses its IP address as its ISAKMP

Step 10 address ip-address Specifies the IP address of the remote peer.

Command or Action Purpose

Step 12 quit Returns to public key chain configuration mode.