UMBAY, HANNAH JANE C.

#32
Thursday 10:00-12:00

Brief History of Basketball

 Basketball was invented by James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts.

The year was 1891, and as the story goes, Naismith was asked to come up
with an indoor game that offered fewer injuries than classic American
gridiron football. He came up with a 9-on-9 game that involved shooting a
ball into a peach basket.
 Under those first rules, a single point was scored for a made basket. The
first game would have a final score of 1-0.
 The game of basketball grew very rapidly, with college teams forming
leagues within the first decade of the game’s invention. Naismith himself
would become a college coach for the game, joining the University of
Kansas in 1898. He would amass a win/loss record of 55-60.

Objective

The main objective of basketball is to make a goal and score points. A goal is made
by shooting the ball through the basket or hoop. The goal post or basket for a team
is in the opponent’s court. Each team should not only try to make a goal and
prevent the opposite team from taking control of the ball, but should also try to
protect the basket in their court and prevent the opponent from making a goal.

Equipment

Basketball is a simple game; it doesn’t require any equipment other than a hoop,
a ball and a flat court. Even two players can play and have fun with basketball.
• Basket
A hoop or basket with net around its circumference and of 18 inch diameter is firmly
hung horizontally from a rectangular backboard of 3.5 feet height and 6 feet width
on either sides of the court. The rim of the hoop is 10 feet above the ground. The
backboard in various international competitions is transparent for better visibility.
• Ball
Basketball is an orange-colored and rough-textured spherical ball with black
contours usually made of leather or composite tough materials.
The ball is bounced continuously (dribbling), thrown through the air to other players
(passing), and towards the basket (shooting). So a typical basketball must be very
durable and easy to hold on to.
Other Equipment

There may be some more equipment for convenience.

• Some international courts have a game clock that makes a beep at the end of
each period. Some also show the shot clock countdown.
• Sometimes, the back boards have bordering lights that light up and indicate that
a period is about to end.

• Basketball Court
Basketball courts come in different sizes based on the level and type of basketball
being played. A professional NBA court is 94’ x 50’ | 28.65 x 15.24 m. Courts are
comprised of several foundational components: the baskets, the three-point arcs,
free-throw (foul) lines, and the half court line. Indoor courts are usually made with
polished wood (often maple), while outdoor courts are typically made from paving,
concrete, or asphalt.

Basic Skills of the Basketball

• Shooting
It's difficult to score if you can't shoot the ball effectively. As Better Basketball
Coaching explains, shooting is something of an art form, and some players, such
as Kevin Durant and Ray Allen, have a knack for it. But everyone can improve their
shooting through proper technique and lots of practice. Proper technique includes
squaring your body up to the target, shooting the ball with your fingertips, keeping
your elbows from flying, putting backspin and arc on the shot and following through
completely after letting the ball fly.

• Rebounding
Although it helps to be tall and have jumping ability, rebounding is a matter of
desire as well as ability. Charles Barkley was relatively small for a forward, but he
was an outstanding rebounder. He had the ability to determine where an errant
shot was likely to fall, the willingness to crash the boards relentlessly and the
strength to block out taller opponents. Blocking out your opponent -- also called
boxing out -- is one of the keys to good rebounding. To do it effectively, maintain
your concentration and focus.

• Defense
Even the best scorers go into shooting slumps. But you can always play good
defense if you hustle and understand both individual and team defense. When you
are defending a player, keep you head lower than his. Stay close enough to the
offensive player to bother him -- but not so close he can blow by you with one step.
• Dribbling
Top point guards dribble and control the ball as if it were on a string. Good
technique is critical for a ball handler. You should dribble with your fingertips rather
than your palm. Dribble with your head up so you can see the opposition and your
teammates. Keep your body low and use your off-ball hand to help keep your
defender at bay. Work on dribbling with both hands, so you'll be as comfortable
going to your left or your right.

• Passing
Great passers can see the whole court and anticipate where a teammate will go
and what a defender will do. Mastering the basics is the place to start. Develop a
two-hand chest pass, bounce pass and overhead pass so you can deliver the ball
to your teammates in the best position for them to shoot or beat their defender.
Steve Nash or Derrick Rose can dazzle you with a behind-the-back or a no-look
pass. But those moves are not just for show; they provide a teammate the best
chance to score.

Rules of Basketball

 Each team can have a maximum of 5 players on the court at any one time.
Substitutions can be made as many times as they wish within the game.
 The ball can only be moved by either dribbling (bouncing the ball) or passing
the ball. Once a player puts two hands on the ball (not including catching the
ball) they cannot then dribble or move with the ball and the ball must be
passed or shot.
 After the ball goes into a team’s half and they win possession back the ball
must then make it back over the half way line within 10 seconds. If the ball
fails to do so then a foul will be called and the ball will be turned over.
 Each team has 24 seconds to at least shot at the basket. A shot constitutes
either going in the basket or hitting the rim of the basket. If after the shot is
taken and the ball fails to go in the basket then the shot clock is restarted for
another 24 seconds.
 The team trying to score a basket is called the offence whilst the team trying
to prevent them from scoring is called the defence. The defence must do all
they can to stop the offence from scoring by either blocking a shot or
preventing a shot from being fired.
 After each successful basket the ball is then turned over to the opposition.
 Fouls committed throughout the game will be accumulated and then when
reached a certain number will be eventually be awarded as a free throw. A
free throw involves one playerfrom the offensive team (the player fouled) to
take a shot unopposed from the free throw line. Depending on where the
foul was committed will depend on the number free throws a player gets.
  Violations in basketball include travelling (taking more than one step without
bouncing the ball), double dribble (picking the ball up dribbling, stopping then
dribbling again with two hands), goaltending (a defensive player interferes
with the ball travelling downwards towards the basket) and back court
violation (once the ball passes the half way line the offensive team cannot
take the ball back over the half way line).

Procedure of the Game

1. Get a ball and a hoop.

All you need to play basketball is a ball of the appropriate size and a net that it fits
through, set at a challenging-enough height. The specific requirements for
regulation basketball are included below, but the history of basketball is the history
of making do with what you have. The first basketball hoop was a peach crate
nailed to a railing. Use empty boxes, soccer balls, or whatever is available if you
don’t have access to a hoop.
The right basketball size depends on your age and gender. For high school through
professional level men's basketball, choose a size 7 ball. Choose a size 6 ball for
boys ages 12-14, or for girls and women ages 12 and up, including high school
through professional level basketball. Get a size 5 (or standard youth size) for all
children 9-11 years old, a size 4 for all children 5-8 years old, and a size 3 (or mini
size) for children 4-8 years old.

2. Break into two teams.

For a full-court game, basketball is played by two teams of five players each. While
it's also common to play half-court ball with teams of three, however many people
you've got playing, it's important to have an even number of players on each team.
Alternate basketball games for uneven numbers are included in the last section.
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3. Score points by shooting the ball through the hoop.

In basketball, an offensive player can score between one and three points with a
shot, depending on where the shot is taken on the floor.[6]
Extending in a half-circle, about 20 feet (6.1 m) from the hoop on most courts,
should be the "three-point line," beyond which shots are worth an extra point.
Inside that arc, all shots are worth two points.
Foul shots are worth one point each and are taken from the free-throw line, which
is 15 feet (4.6 m) from the hoop. Players will be awarded between one and three
free throws if they are fouled during a shooting attempt, or fouled after the other
team has accumulated too many fouls.
4. Move the ball by dribbling or passing.
When you have the ball, you have to either be stationary, with one foot planted on
the floor to pivot from, or you have to be dribbling the ball, bouncing it up and down
on the floor. When you're planted, you can pivot around on one foot, but that foot
has to remain planted if you're not dribbling. You can still jump to shoot or pass,
but when you come back down you need to have gotten rid of the ball.[8]
When you start dribbling, you must dribble constantly as you move, until you pass,
shoot, or stop dribbling to plant on your pivot foot. If you stop dribbling, you cannot
re-start dribbling, which is a foul called a "double-dribble." It's also important to
avoid "over/under" dribbles, or "carries", in which you pick up the ball from
underneath and turn it over to dribble it down. Learn to dribble properly in the
following section.

If you're driving in to shoot, you can pick up the ball and take two steps without
dribbling before you shoot or pass. More than two steps will result in a traveling
violation and the ball will be given to the other team.

 Stand correctly.
If you've got control of the ball on offense, you need to crouch in a low position to
guard and protect the ball while you dribble. In a proper dribbling stance, you
should be crouched, knees flexed and shoulder-width apart, standing on the balls
of your feet. As you're learning, bounce the ball constantly with each hand,
switching back and forth between your left and your right to get a feel for handling
with both of your hands, staying crouched, and point your opposite hip toward the
basket.

 Bounce the ball with your fingertips.

To control the ball properly and control is securely, it's important to dribble with
your fingertips, not the palm of your hand. When beginners first touch the
basketball, it's common to slap or chop at it with the palm of the hand, rather than
gripping and pushing with the fingertips. With some practice, you'll be able to get
a good feel for how much force to put on the ball to get it to pop right back to your
hand.

 Try to keep the ball about waist-high.

It's difficult to control the ball at first, and beginning players have a hard time
keeping it down and controlled without looking at it constantly. But practice
dribbling as low to the ground as is comfortable. Dribbles that come all the way up
to your chest are easy for defenders to pick off. Try to keep it at your waist, no
higher.
  Keep your head up.
If there's one thing coaches will harp on when you're learning to ball, it's this. As
you're learning to play, it's critical to keep your head up and look around, instead
of looking straight down at the ball as you bounce it. Good ball players can see
their teammates, opponents, and the hoop at the same time. Practice dribbling
without looking at the ball and your skills will improve immensely. It's hard to know
where to go and where to pass when you've got your eyes locked on your
sneakers.]
Staying low will give you less opportunity to make a bad dribble and lose control
of the ball. Aside from being more difficult to swipe, it'll also be more difficult for
you to screw up your dribble.

 Start moving, when you're ready.

Basketball isn't played from a standing position most of the time, so it's important
to start dribbling on the move. Start by walking as you dribble, at a comfortable
lope. When you're comfortable dribbling and walking, start jogging, and eventually
start trying to do short sprints while you dribble. Don't worry about going super-
fast, just worry about controlling the ball.
Set up some cones or chairs in the driveway and practice dribbling around them in
figure-8s, going as quick as you can, but focusing on controlling the ball. Keep it
low, keep your head up, and control the ball as you dribble quickly.

 Practice dribbling with both hands.

When you start learning to dribble, it'll be most comfortable to dribble with your
dominant hand, the hand that you use to write. Unless you want to always go to
one side, though–which will make you a very predictable ball player–you'll need to
diversify your ball-handling skills
Practice doing drills with your dominant hand to learn the fundamentals, but spend
a part of each dribbling session dribbling with your weak hand, too.
Practice making different kinds of passes.
Don't listen to the ball hogs: a great pass is always better than a mediocre shot.
Learning to make crisp and accurate passes is an essential part of the basketball
game. You should get comfortable making passes that go straight to your
teammate without making them move for it.

 Square up with the basket each time you shoot.

Every time you want to shoot, it's important to "square up," which means you need
to point both sets of toes so they're pointing straight at the hoop, then align your
hips so you're aiming your front-side parallel with the hoop. Your shots will be more
accurate when you square up, if you're following the correct fundamental
techniques for shooting.
  Balance the ball on your dominant hand.
Your shooting hand is your dominant hand, the hand you write with and the hand
it feels most comfortable to dribble with. Keep your shooting elbow in tight to your
hip, and keep the ball balanced on your finger-tips on the bottom of the basketball.
Bring it up even with your chin and bend your knees, crouching.
Your power will come with your shooting hand, but you can stabilize the ball and
balance it using your other hand. Touch the ball gently with your other hand on the
side of the ball. The whole power from the shot should be coming from your other
hand, though.

 Roll the ball off your hand.

When you've got the ball in the proper shooting position, extend your shooting
elbow straight up and forward, rolling your wrist forward, as if you were trying to
reach into a cookie jar on a high shelf. Continue extending your shooting arm, up
and out, toward the hoop. Let the ball pop forward when your arm extends to the
end, rolling backward as you release it. Keep following through with your hand,
putting it in the cookie jar, after you've released the ball.

 •Push off with your feet, jumping straight up.

To get extra power from your shot, crouch down and pop up with your legs as you
shoot. When your arm gets to the highest point, you should jump slightly, extending
your legs and putting some extra power under the shot with your jump.
Don't jump forward, toward the hoop, jump straight up. This is a common mistake
with beginners. You want to jump straight up in the air and arc the ball towards its
destination, not launch it forward.

 Aim for getting the ball just over the rim and into the basket.
Some coaches will tell you to try and get the ball just over the rim of the basket.
However, trying to do that might lead to constantly hitting the rim and bouncing
back at you. What you really want to do is go cleanly through the center of the rim.
Most beginners aim low, hitting the rim, and this exercise trains the eye to make
the "sight picture" of the shot higher, aiming more 'over' the rim.