Introduction to Information and
Communication Technologies
1
In Asia, information is recognized as
an important resource but the ICT tools
to create, collect, consolidate and
communicate information are not yet
used in the majority of libraries.
Libraries are seldom included in the
technology vision of institutions
because librarians have not been able
to convince management that libraries
need ICT.
2
Scope
What are ICT?
What is the impact of ICT on Society?
What is the impact of ICT on
education?
What are the major trends and issues
in libraries that resulted from ICT?
3
What are ICT?
Information
Communication
Technologies
ICT are the hardware and software
that enable society to create, collect,
consolidate and communicate
information in multimedia formats
and for various purposes.
4
Impact of ICT on society
Developments in ICT have brought
about the merger of the computing,
information, communications,
entertainment, mass media industries
thereby providing a means of
exchanging information in the digital
format used by computers.
5
ICT - i.e. computer linked to
all facets of society
UNESCO ICTLIP Module 1. Lesson 1 6
What is the response of industry and
government to the information society?
Increased production and availability of
more powerful ICT hardware and software
Provision of more efficient national and
global information infrastructures for more
efficient access and delivery of information
Increased production and publication of
multimedia digital information
7
What is the impact of ICT on the
library and other information centers?
ICT made information creation in
digital format possible.
ICT made online access and file
transfer possible
ICT made networking and sharing
of information resources possible
8
Shift from Print to Internet
Digital
ICT has made the transfer of digital
information from remote sites possible
9
Impact of digital information
materials on libraries
Digital information can be sent in multiple copies
simultaneously over information networks in
fractions of a minute or even of a second. There
is no need for users with PCs attached to the
network to physically go to the library. They can
access information via their PCs.
Digital information can be cut and pasted from
one document into another
Digital information may be free or cheaper than
print equivalents
Digital information often modifies librarians’ roles
in various ways
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What are the effects of these
developments on the user community?
Increases level of technology
literacy
Increases demand for better and
faster access to information
Aggravates discrepancies
between the information rich and
information poor.
11
What is the impact of ICT on
education?
Need for ICT knowledge
Need for ICT skill
Need for ICT tools
Need for continuous learning in the
context of rapidly changing ICT
12
What is the impact of ICT on
education?
Need for ICT knowledge
Need for ICT skill
Need for ICT tools
Need for continuous learning in the
context of rapidly changing ICT
13
Basic Computer Fundamentals
What is a Computer?
A computer is a programmable machine
with two principal characteristics:
• Computer.. Latin word.. Compute
• Calculation Machine
• It responds to a specific set of instructions in a
well-defined manner.
• It can execute a
prerecordedlist of instructions (a program).
A computer system includes
a computer, peripheral devices,
and software
Introductions to Computer
A computer has four (4)
functions:
a. accepts data Input
b. processes data Processing
c. produces output
Output
d. stores results Storage
Four Functions:
Input (Data):
is the raw information entered into a computer from the
input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers,
images etc.
Process:
is the operation of data as per given instruction. It is totally
internal process of the computer system.
Output:
is the processed data given by computer after data
processing. Output is also called as Result. We can save
these results in the storage devices for the future use.
Storage:
is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis.
Elements of a Computer
People:
They run and operate the computer.
Procedure:
are normally written in manuals of hardware
and software manufacturers.
Software:
is to do process data into useful
information for people.
Hardware:
the physical equipment that you can feel
and touch.
Elements of a Computer
Data:
include texts and numbers, sounds, images, and
videos that you input into the computer for
processing.
Connectivity:
- a computer must be connected to other
computers especially through the internet.
- using the internet, people can share and
access data from all over the world.
Capabilities of Computers
Speed:
computer operates on data and commands at incredibly
fast speed.
Storage:
computer can store enormous amount of data and
information in its memory.
Reliability:
computers made of modern technology rarely
breakdown and when they do, they are easily repaired.
Consistent:
if you input the same data into the computer using the same
program, it will give you the same result all the time.
Communicate:
people can connect with others by the use of computers.
TenCommandments of Computer
Ethics
Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people. Thou
shalt not interfere with other peoples computer work. Thou
shalt not snoop around in other people’s files.
Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
Thou shalt not use or copy software for which you have not
paid.
Thou shalt not use other people’s computer resources
without authorization.
Thou shalt not appropriate other people’s intellectual.
Thou shalt think about the social
consequences of the program you write.
Thou shalt use a computer in ways that show consideration
and respect.
Disadvantages of using Computers
Safety and Security:
people have to be careful in sharing photos and
personal information on the computer and
internet.
Health Risks:
long and improper use of the computer can lead to
injuries and hazards to the user.
Environment:
old computers must be disposed off properly.
Disadvantages of using Computers
Use of Power:
computers need electricity to run. Computers only
need a small amount of electric power but with
many computers around, this results to high total
requirement.
Privacy Violation:
personal information when stored in a computer can
be viewed and stolen.
Software
Software exists as ideas,
concepts, and symbols, but it has no
substance.
- are sets of instructions that tell
the computer what to do to fulfill its
task.
Kinds of Software
System Software:
- are programs that the computer uses.
- is a collection of programs which includes the
operating system, utilities and drivers.
Operating System:
is a program that is basically responsible for the
coordination, management and sharing of
hardware resources and tasks in the computer.
Utility Software:
is a program that performs maintenance tasks for the
computer resources, such as clean up and organizing files and
programs so they would load and work faster.
Kinds of Software
Device Driver:
is a program that allows a particular
hardware device to work and with the
computer system.
Applications Software:
are the programs that people use for their
database
day to day tasks on the computer
Kinds of Software
Basic application software:
Includes word processor, spreadsheet,
database and presentation software.
Specialized application software:
includes software for graphics, multimedia,
audio, video, web designing and many other app.
that focus on a certain discipline or profession.
