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EM DC Motor (2) Worksheet

This document describes the components and functioning of a DC motor through conceptual modeling. It contains 5 sections: 1) The components of a DC motor including a coil, split ring, permanent magnet, and carbon brushes. 2) How a magnetic force is produced in the motor via the interaction of the magnetic field from the current in the coil and the permanent magnet. 3) An explanation of why the coil continues rotating in one direction, due to the direction of the magnetic force changing to maintain torque in the same direction. 4) An activity to illustrate how the direction of current and magnetic forces change to keep the motor rotating continuously in one direction. 5) The function of the split ring to change the
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
371 views6 pages

EM DC Motor (2) Worksheet

This document describes the components and functioning of a DC motor through conceptual modeling. It contains 5 sections: 1) The components of a DC motor including a coil, split ring, permanent magnet, and carbon brushes. 2) How a magnetic force is produced in the motor via the interaction of the magnetic field from the current in the coil and the permanent magnet. 3) An explanation of why the coil continues rotating in one direction, due to the direction of the magnetic force changing to maintain torque in the same direction. 4) An activity to illustrate how the direction of current and magnetic forces change to keep the motor rotating continuously in one direction. 5) The function of the split ring to change the
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Physics Inquiry on DC motor through Conceptual Modelling

Conceptual Modelling of DC Motor

Name:__________________________( ) Class:__________ Date:________

1. Components of DC motor

Figure 1: A DC Motor

Activity:
a. Identify all components of a DC motor.
b. Orientate the coil to a position when the carbon brushes are no longer in contact
with the split ring (take note of the limitation of the model).

Please put a tick against the important learning points.

Learning Points Yes No


1.1. The single coil with split ring is a combined object (Understand that the
coil with the split ring rotates as a unit).
1.2. A permanent magnet to produce a uniform magnetic field.

1.3. The carbon brush material used to provide almost frictionless contact

1.4. The spring loaded design of carbon brushes to provide continuous good
electrical contact.
1.5. Aware that carbon brushes will wear out and need to be replaced

1.6. There are two positions in a full revolution where the carbon brushes
are no longer in contact with any parts of the split rings.

Designed by Mr Yap Boon Chien (MTT/Physics), Academy of Singapore Teachers


Page 1 of 6
Physics Inquiry on DC motor through Conceptual Modelling

2. How magnetic force is produced in a DC motor?

Magnetic
Force

X
Y Magnetic
Force

Figure 2.1: A DC Motor with magnetic forces

Activity:

a. Deduction of the direction of magnetic forces. With the aids of demonstration items
(the mini DC motor model, magnetic field pattern of current in the coil and magnetic
field pattern of permanent magnet), set up the demo set according to orientation of
Figure 2.1, use superposition method to deduce the direction of the magnetic forces
along AB and along CD.
b. Use Fleming’s Left hand rule as a short cut to verify the direction of the magnetic
forces.
c. Orientate the model to position 2 and deduce the direction of magnetic force using
Fleming’s Left Hand rule. Repeat process for orientation 3 and 4. (Draw magnetic
forces in Figure 2.2)

Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4

Figure 2.2

Designed by Mr Yap Boon Chien (MTT/Physics), Academy of Singapore Teachers


Page 2 of 6
Physics Inquiry on DC motor through Conceptual Modelling

Please put a tick against the important learning points.

Learning Points Yes No


2.1. A current flowing along AB and CD will produce a concentric magnetic
field pattern.
2.2. The direction of magnetic field pattern through a current carrying
conductor can be determined using right hand grip rule.
2.3. A permanent magnet will produce a magnetic field.
2.4. A current carrying conductor in the presence of magnetic field from
permanent magnet will experience a magnetic force on the
conductor/charges in the wire.
2.5. The interaction of the magnetic field from the current flowing through
the conductor and the magnetic field from the permanent magnet produced
a resultant magnetic force.
2.6. Able to determine the direction of this resultant magnetic force using
Fleming’s Left Hand Rule.
2.7. The magnetic force is always perpendicular to the magnetic field from
the permanent magnet for position 1 to 3.(see Fig 2.2)

F F
F

F F
F
Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 position 4

Figure 2.2

2.8. There is no magnetic force acting on the coil at position 4 because no


current passing through the coil. (reason given in 2.9)

2.9. At position 4, carbon brushes are no longer in contact with any parts of
the split rings.
2.10. There are two positions in a full revolution (360°) where the carbon
brushes are no longer in contact with any parts of the split rings.

Designed by Mr Yap Boon Chien (MTT/Physics), Academy of Singapore Teachers


Page 3 of 6
Physics Inquiry on DC motor through Conceptual Modelling

3(a) What happens to the motion of the coil at position 4 when there is no magnetic force
acting? Explain your answer.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

3(b) What happens to the motion of the coil if the polarities of the batteries are reversed?
Explain your answer.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Designed by Mr Yap Boon Chien (MTT/Physics), Academy of Singapore Teachers


Page 4 of 6
Physics Inquiry on DC motor through Conceptual Modelling

4. Activity: Use the model provided to explain why the DC motor is able to turn in the
same direction for one complete revolution.
D D
C B

N A D

D A
S
D A Position 180° Position 360°
A A
Position 0°
Position 90° Position 270°

Figure 4: Shows the position of the coil with respect to the magnetic field.
Draw the direction of magnetic forces on the coils in Figure 4.
Complete the table
Position 0° 90° 180° 270° 360°
a. Angle between Perpendicular
the magnetic force
and magnetic field
from permanent
magnet
b.Direction of
magnetic forces
along AB
c.Direction of
magnetic forces
along CD
d.Direction of Zero
magnetic forces
along CB (if any)
e. Direction of A to B
current along
AB. e.g. A to B or
B to A.
f. Direction of C to D
current along
CD. e.g. C to D
or D to C
g. Direction of B to C
current along
CB. e.g. C to B or
B to C.
Assumption: The magnetic field from permanent magnet is uniform covering the full
revolution of the coil.

Designed by Mr Yap Boon Chien (MTT/Physics), Academy of Singapore Teachers


Page 5 of 6
Physics Inquiry on DC motor through Conceptual Modelling
Please put a tick against the important learning points.
Learning Points Yes No
4.1 The direction of the current along AB & CD is always perpendicular to
the magnetic field from the permanent magnet due to the orientation of
the coil.
4.2 The magnetic force is always perpendicular to the magnetic field from
the permanent magnet if the direction of the current is perpendicular to
the magnetic field from the permanent magnet.
4.3 The magnitude of the magnetic force is constant assuming that the
magnetic field is uniform.
4.4 When the direction of the current is parallel to the magnetic field from
permanent magnet there is no magnetic force acting on the wire e.g.
along CB

5. Function of split ring.

(a) Activity: Connect directly the external power source to the ends of the coil
bypassing the split ring.

Describe the motion of the coil without the split ring. Can the coil turn continuously in
the same direction? Explain your answer.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) With the split ring in place, describe at which positions the current changes
direction. (Use Figure 4)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Please put a tick against the important learning points.


Learning Points Yes No
5.1 The direction of the current reverses as the carbon brushes crosses from
one split ring over to another split ring.
5.2 As the direction of current changes, the direction of magnetic force also
changes.
5.3 The change in the direction of forces is such that the moments is in the
same direction.

Designed by Mr Yap Boon Chien (MTT/Physics), Academy of Singapore Teachers


Page 6 of 6

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