0 ratings0% found this document useful (0 votes) 270 views3 pagesSTP Mathematics 8 Summary (Chapter 1-11)
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Chapter 1: Working with numbers
% Lawof Indices
a" xa" =a’
‘Standard Form
Eg: 3.78x10"
254x107
+ Significant Figures
Whole numbers - 345 000 (3sf)
Decimals - 0.0054 (2sf)
‘Estimation
Change all numbers to one sf then calculate
answer
Chapter 2: Probability
‘Pinot A)=1-P(A)
Possibility space for two events
eg:
172 [3 [4 [5 Je
wea fw [H3 [Ha [HS | He
tT _ [ntfs fas [6
‘Number of times event happen
Probability of event x total time
Chapter 3: Multiplication and division of
fractions
Multiplying fractions
TopxTop
Bottom x Bottom
ce Behe!
BN: 6
Mixed numbers : change to improper
fractions before multiplying
‘Dividing by a fraction
Flip the second fraction and change sign to x
3,9 Nim 1
56 14 3@ 5X 12
Mixed numbers : change to improper
fractions before multiplying
+ Mixed operations with fractions
‘Apply BODMAS
Brackets, Dividing/Multiplying,
‘Adding/Subtracting
Chapter 4 : Fractions and Percentages
Forming fractions
Eg: 15 minutes, 45 minutes
151
45
+ Finding a fraction of a quantity
Fraction multiply quantity
‘© Finding the whole of a quantity
quantity given divide by fraction it
represents to find the total quantity
+ Interchanging fractions, decimals and
percentages
‘Using one percentage to find another
100% - given %
Forming %
quantivy\
‘quantity
increase and decrease
100%
%
“sc quantity
100% guanity | 100.
100 100 Chapter 5 Ratio
Simplifying ratios
Divide or multiply all numbers together
to get lowest terms
Fe:6 2
4 Finding unknown quantities
Form fractions from ratios then cross
multiply
Egix:12
4 Division ina given ratio
[Add the ratios to find all parts
Form fraction from the parts
Multiply the total to find quantity
fg: $26 shared 4: 5:4
4458213
426-8
1B
‘Map Ratio
Always in em
“Proportion
Similar to finding unknown quantities
‘Chapter 6 : Polygons
‘Sum of interior angles = (n ~2)>180
4 Each interior angle of regular polygon = sum
of interior divide by n
4 Sum of exterior angles = 360°
4 Each exterior angle of regular polygon.
of exterior divide by n
4 Shapes tessellate when their vertices form
and fit together to make 360°
‘um
Chapter 7 : Areas of triangles and parallelograms
Area of triangle = jx basex height
Area of parallelogram
base x perpendicular height
‘Finding square roots
To find the length of a square given area
Finding missing measurements
‘Area divide by given measurement
Compound Shapes
Cut shape to different parts and find each
area then find total
Chapter 8 : Scatter graphs
To show the relationship between two
things
Positive, negative or no correlation
Strong, moderate or weak correlation
Collecting information and questionnaires
Information must have link and questions
must be short and unbiased.
eae
Chapter 9 : Circumference and Area of a Circle
Gircumference= ad or 2ar
4 Perimeter of shape = curved edge + straight
edge
°
% Areaofeircle= m7?
Area of shape = cut shape to different parts
and find each area then find total
Chapter 10: Formulas
4 Brackets means multiply everything in bracket with outside term
Eg: 2(x#3)= 2x46
Multiplication of directed numbers,
(ra) x (+b) = 42 (a) x(b) = ab
(a) x(4)
=4ab (a) x (-b) =-ab
4 Substituting means replacing letters with given value
+ Sequences, finding nth term
4,7, 10,13
Find the difference (+3)
Difference multiply by n (3n)
Find + or -to find the original term (3 +1
Therefore nth term is 3n +1 Chapter 11 Reflections, translations, and rotations
*
Reflections
Mirror Line (x axis, y axis,
Translations
Move shape right or left and up or down
Rotations
Degree : 90, 180, 270
Direction : Clockwise or anti-clockwise
Centre of rotation : (x.y)
