Comparison and Contrast of Six Sigma, Agile, Rational Unified Process (RUP) and

PRINCE2

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast different methodologies for projects

such as Six Sigma, Agile, Rational Unified Process (RUP) and Controlled Environment

Projects (PRINCE2) and determine the best way to implement such approaches. Next, the

study examines the idea of project management, its system classes, the fields of expertise and

the advantages and disadvantages. In addition, tasks, objects, and events demonstrate the

study of these methodologies and their strengths and weaknesses in the overall context. The

study also compares and describes these methodologies by explaining the contrast in their

methods and how they are to be used. The research also shows that a project manager should

understand the scope of a project to assess which choices are the best for project management

approaches. Ultimately, the conclusion is that there is no better approach than the other;

nevertheless, accurate analyses will demonstrate which of the two is the best way to manage a

project and accomplish all goals.

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Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4

2. Project Statement ................................................................................................................... 5

3. Problem Significance ............................................................................................................. 6

4. Literature Review................................................................................................................... 6

4.1 Differences between the methodologies used in Six sigma, agile rational, rational

unified process (RUP) framework and Projects in controlled environments. ....................... 6

4.1.1 Contrasting the use of different processes .................................................................... 9

4.2 Implementation of methodologies and processes in various Industries......................... 11

4.2.1 Six Sigma .................................................................................................................... 11

4.2.2 Agile ............................................................................................................................ 13

4.2.3 Rational Unified Process (RUP) ................................................................................. 14

4.2.4 Projects in Controlled Environment (PRINCE2) ........................................................ 14

5. Industrial response ............................................................................................................... 16

Impacts of agile on the health care industry ........................................................................ 16

Impacts of six sigma in health care industry........................................................................ 18

Impact of Rational unified process in the health care industry ............................................ 18

Impact of project in controlled environments (Prince2) in the health care industry ........... 19

6. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 22

References ................................................................................................................................ 23

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1. Introduction

Project management has now become a key factor in the successful implementation of

initiatives across all sectors. Project management methodologies can be used to improve the

likelihood of achieving project objectives regardless of the industry sector and the scale of the

project (Meredith et al., 2017). Projects can be successfully completed in various ways but

methodologies, approaches, and structures of best and most popular project management

keep on evolving and continuously change with more development and project demands

(Kerzner, 2017). There are always new concepts. All successful projects are supported by a

whole array of methods, tools and techniques. The difference between methodologies,

frameworks and methods in the project management is always a highly debated subject which

always grabs the researcher’s attention. The point of the paper is to emphasise on the project

management approaches, frameworks and concepts while comparing and contrasting the

methodologies and different project management approaches such as Six Sigma, agile,

Rational Unified Process (RUP) and PRINCE2 (Swain et al., 2016).

The major point of the research report is to emphasise and focus on researching about the

concepts and theories such as Six sigma, agile, Rational Unified Process and PRINCE2. The

topics are well related to the concept of project management as Six Sigma is an approach to

remove the complications and enhance the technique for the processes and results. The

principles of Six Sigma are most commonly applied and integrated with the concepts of

project management and product development. Further the Agile methodology is all about

initiating the project, management and its testing and further the delivery. In Project

Management, Agile is best suited for products and projects which experience various changes

during the progress. While Rational Unified Process (RUP), provides a more streamlined way

to allocate tasks and activities. This process in project management is designed to create

high-quality software that addresses customers’ demands and potential users ' needs in a

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timely and budgetary way. While PRINCE2 is a method for project management that

promotes a division of project responsibility between the project manager and the board.

PRINCE2 offers better control of assets, improved risk management, established team roles

and responsibilities, a focus on end users and the final product, a clear review cycle strategy,

structured scheduling, and controlled projects. And hence the research which is to be

conducted relates well to the Project Management Principles.

The implications of the research are to analyse the different project management

methodologies, methods and frameworks and bring out the differences and contrast in their

workings and how they are applied in various projects. Various researches in the past have

been conducted regarding the processes and methods related to the project management

practices. Variety of researches have been conducted by the experts on applications of project

management methodologies, how effective the project management methodologies are,

comparison between the traditional and the modern methodologies and processes, the

working and concepts of the different methodologies and so on. According to Chin et al.,

(2012), there are various previous articles which are published regarding how Project

management approaches and methodologies can be applied in various industries but the

report also suggests to discuss the same corresponding to specific industries, for example,

academics, industry organisations and other government linked organisations. The aim of this

paper is to broaden further discussion on the features and application of the various

methodologies and processes for project management by comparing them. It also elaborates

and analyses how different approaches to project management are actually used in different

areas.

2. Project Statement

The project focuses on comparing the methodologies and different project management

approaches such as Six Sigma, agile, Rational Unified Process (RUP) and PRINCE2. Further

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to analyse the actual difference between these methodologies and processes, identifying

which the project aims at researching about the areas where these methodologies are to be

implemented. There are various field and almost every specific field requires the concept of

Project Management for its successful completion. Therefore, the research focuses at

emphasizing and finding the exact implementation and usage of the project management

methodologies and processes mentioned above in various industries and sectors.

3. Problem Significance

The research that is to be conducted in the project is regarding the differences that exist

between the different project management methodologies. Also the research mainly focuses

on the application of the processes and methodologies such as Six Sigma, Agile, Rational

Unified Process and Projects in Controlled Environment PRINCE2. Further, there are various

researches that have been conducted on these project management methodologies in the past

researches, very few of the researches have been conducted specifying the importance of

these methodologies in the various fields of research.

4. Literature Review

4.1 Differences between the methodologies used in Six sigma, agile rational, rational unified

process (RUP) framework and Projects in controlled environments.

The Methodology for Project Management refers to a set of protocols, best practices and

tools and techniques that can be used to accomplish project goals and reach the goal in a

timely manner in order to meet quality standards and all aspirations of the stakeholders. The

methodologies for project management provide a validated methodology that project teams

can easily follow for their projects' management. Two separate instructions will be included

in one so-called project management methodologies. Firstly, the procedures and standards of

product development and secondly, the planning methods and instructions for programs.

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 All projects are considered as a unique work of skills and individual competencies.

We can have various types of projects we carry out. While a project may involve developing

a product in which needs are well defined and well understood, another project may include

developing a product in a dynamic environment. Different approaches and recommendations

are required for specific situations depending on the nature of the task to be carried out.

Agile project methodology: The agile approach for project management uses an iterative

framework to continuously improve and maintain consistent product quality (Lensges et al.,

2018). This offers room for transition, so that improvements can happen in the middle of the

design. It overcome many waterfall models weaknesses, including process rigidity and

increased risk, and provided a much improved solution. Through reviews on any change or

customer satisfaction, the project manager would will be willing to offer a product that meets

your customers, through an agile project management approach.

Waterfall is currently the most used and best known method for project management in use

today, although Agile easily catches up. Agile is developed for the technology industry and,

as the name implies, concentrates on a fast delivery and the ability to adapt to evolving

conditions throughout the entire project (Manole & Avramescu, 2017). Agile’s other strength

is the emphasis it places on workers and group cooperation. Most teams find that Agile

allows them to boost their performance when creating unique solutions.

Six sigma methodology: Six Sigma is a technique to eliminate errors and improve the

quality of the procedures and outcomes (Sin et al., 2015). It can also extend the concepts to

project planning and product development. Through way of quality control, Six Sigma

stresses that glitches, flaws and mistakes must be minimised until the design or

project outputs are not affected anymore. Existing evidence and failure statements should be

reviewed before further problems arise. This allows you to identify project non-compliance

not matching the product requirements originally approved.

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Six Sigma could be considered as of the most important means of software creation. It was

not so common with the fact that it was always understood as a systematic technique for

reducing the variability within a routine production process, as opposed a person-focused or

innovation-oriented system such as software development. Six sigma is not based on the

bottom line as it is most projects management approaches that are learned at schools for

management classes (Raval & Kant, 2017). Alternatively, it sees the final result as a product

of the research the company is doing to add value. This approach enables people to evaluate

and develop processes in order to achieve better value-adding outcomes. A major way to

achieve process analysis and enhancement is through six sigma projects.

Rational unified process (RUP): The RUP division of IBM, invented by Rational, is another

iterative process which is perfectly suited to software development projects (Vijayasarathy &

butler, 2015). The entire venture is split into a four-phase life cycle: planning, growth,

construction and the transformation. Each function is divided into nine disciplines during

these processes. Until progressing to another stage, each phase must be complete. In actual

fact, the project team can take what actions and backgrounds meet their requirements or

ignore the rest.

Project in controlled environments (PRINCE II): PRINCE2 is a terminology that is

referred for the projects IN Controlled Environments. This is a process-based approach to

project management. As pointed out, it is primarily used by the state in the UK, but is also

common in the private sector in the United Kingdom as well as elsewhere in the world. The

main characteristics of PRINCE2 are to clarify business, identify an organisation framework

for the project management team, and adopt a product-based approach (Karaman & Kurt,

2015). The focus is on splitting the plan in manageable and scalable phases. PRINCE2

maintains greater control of project capital and excels more efficiently in the management of

company and task risk.

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The 8 PRINCE2 systems assist project managers to define the life of a project and to clarify

how information should be gathered. Each system divides into three to nine subsections.

PRINCE can be tailored for any task, not the other way round and it is not important to

exclusively track all processes. The procedures are proposed recommendations on best

practice which provide a valuable inspection list for the entire lifetime of the project.

4.1.1 Contrasting the use of different processes

Advantages of using the agile methodologies

Agile approaches were developed from the experience gained by leading technology

developers, who encountered project after project, the difficulties and restrictions of

conventional waterfall creation. The methodology adopted by agile development was directly

addressing both general philosophy and particular procedures, as well as the question

associated with traditional software design. Agile design provides a lightweight structure for

enabling teams to retain a fast business value (i.e. bang for the buck) in its simplest form in

the face of a continuously transformation of operational and technical environment.

Advantages of using Prince2 for the individuals

With the use of PRINCE2, individuals can command assets more efficiently and handle

company and task risk more effectively. This will be beneficial to people who pursue

leadership expertise in project management and improved job prospects for project managers,

consultants for the projects and organisations. The PRINCE2 credential is an invaluable asset

to people in their professions, since it improves job prospects and makes you compete more

effectively. It extends to all employment setup.

Advantages of using six sigma methodology

All components of a business are affected by the appropriate application of Six Sigma

methodology. It may be to enhance the workplace service by devoting more attention in the

final finished product. Six Sigma is an established enterprise in the process of incremental

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improvements in its value-adding and quality-building products. It can also be used to

automate operations in the supply chain and increase customer satisfaction. Six Sigma has

more advantages than just solving problems; the whole manufacturing process is considered

from raw materials to the finished product instead of the final product only. Moreover, six

sigma is a systematic approach that recognizes and suggests potential problems prior to any

type of failure. The introduction of Six Sigma in several groups within an organization can

have a direct impact on productivity and cost reduction. It is important to note that the Six

Sigma standard is a valid recommendation for B2B clients. The following list includes

several benefits of using Six Sigma to boost operations:

Improved bottom line: Happy customers have good word-of-mouth referrals. Good

customers still come back for more. All this points to an increased flow of sales.

Customer satisfaction: An enterprise will use Six Sigma methods to implement upgraded

processes and better quality control. The effect is a finished product strengthened.

Customer loyalties: Satisfied and happy customers prove their commitment to a company

and would also return back to make future purchases. This leads to greater client satisfaction.

The brand will strive to be high in value to attract a loyal customer.

Satisfied employees: Six Sigma gives members an opportunity to clarify and justify the

message. In addition, strong results can produce a sensation of correlation and lead to better

outcomes. One of the strengths is to ensure that Six Sigma will steer workers to a common

cause.

Advantages of using Rational unified process (RUP): Introduction, design, installation and

conversion to software developed by RUP are four phases. RUP enthusiasts say it is good for

larger firms with teams around different geographical locations or for smaller firms that have

remote access to RUP support. RUP provides programmers with a reasonable oversight of the

development process and provides clients with high security requirements, state the

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proponents. RUP has been developed for a secure corporate environment and provides its

clients a variety of applications.

Moreover, a database is stored in the RUP. Teams and entities can access RUPs, make

modifications and save them to the repository so that the plan can go forward as needed with

feedback from RUP support systems. RUP helps businesses to build small projects with

implementations worldwide. RUP has increased leverage over the production technology

process. It is a quality assurance advantage. Nonetheless, the code is also less stable in the

development process due to its ability to monitor.

With the implementation of a step-by-step authorization system that ensures each step in

software development cycle is specifically planned, the RUP gives organizations the requisite

oversight when high security is needed. Once incorporated in the project that adjustment must

be considered and accepted via the specified management process.

4.2 Implementation of methodologies and processes in various Industries

4.2.1 Six Sigma

Six Sigma is a methodology used to increase business system efficiency and quality which

focuses on the detection of streamlining approaches and the elimination of waste (Raval,

2017). In any sector where a system is expected to be completed in time without wasting

time, resources and costs, six sigma methodology can be applied. Six Sigma is being applied

in healthcare industries as the large health companies have started implementing quality

management methodologies at the industrial level (Alkinaidri et al., 2018). Six Sigma early

applications focus on quality assurance systems. The health care implementation of Lean and

Six Sigma helps to avoid medical errors, to reduce time lost, to lower mortality rates and to

improve patient care. Six Sigma can be used in health care systems in many respects. There

should be however an appropriate six sigma education. The challenges faced in the healthcare

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sector are really vast and different. There are unbelievably complex big hospitals. There are

many different processes involved in the daily challenges. It is overwhelming to just build a

timetable for health workers to improve productivity and to prevent overwork for staff. But

they also comply with complex legislation of government and industry, manage technological

issues surrounding patient records, buy and maintain advanced medical equipment and ensure

safety for all personnel, patients and visitors. Healthcare is also an innovative industry where

for decades’ things have been done. Changes are difficult to be made. In a 2017 survey

conducted by Health Leaders Media Patients, the biggest obstacle to healthcare reform

society. Furthermore, after adopting process improvement methodologies, the study also

found that 87 percent of health organizations increased patient ratings. Practices such as

consistency have also been used by pharmaceuticals to achieve best results in the

manufacture of medicines, including compliance with standards of safety and product

efficacy. Further, Six Sigma is applied to manufacturing industries where Six Sigma plays a

key role (Cherrafi et al., 2016). The majority of companies focus on producing products that

are useful for other purposes. The application of Six Sigma in the manufacturing sector itself

will be helpful. Six Sigma system is utilized in industry in DMAIC (defining, measuring,

analysing improving and controlling) This program in industry is primarily aimed at ensuring

minimum process defects. The main objective is to ensure that less than 3.4 defects are

present per million. Further, the implementation of Six Sigma can be seen in IT industries

where the methodology is similar to the manufacturing industry, the DMAIC process is used

in the same way in IT industries too (Johannsen, 2015). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.. In IT

Six Sigma is considered as a project based approach. For the Six Sigma application in

manufacturing, IT uses a number of methods. Every process involves several phases in the

implementation of Six Sigma's principles. In creating effective processes, workers are more

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successful and better trained. Other industries where Six Sigma is majorly implemented

includes oil and gas, government related firms, textile and even telecom industry.

4.2.2 Agile

The Agile theory emerged from the production of software but Agile methods and techniques

are now used in all sectors of industry: from creative to heavy and large-scale services. Agile

is also used for different projects related to early phases of physical and functional projects,

agile methodology is used (Dikert et al., 2016). Agile methodology is also implemented in

fields related to research and development in field of software, science and technology. and

also for multiprojects and multidisciplinary teams by Agile R&D and R&T teams.

challenging and creative ventures in multi-sites. Agile hybrid development technique,

conventional approaches and development methodologies (Bathallath et al., 2016).

Several critics believed that Agile would be just a passing phenomenon when it first entered

the application development. Today, Agile is used by all large software creation firms. Agile

now thrives within the computer industry and has proven its success in many other industries.

“Agile is not only used in several of the world’s leading companies now but is being applied

in areas beyond software development. Some companies are applying Agile to areas within

the organization such as, portfolio management, project management, vendor management,

contracting, etc.” The use of agile software development methods can make the difference

between a project that has a low chance of completion and a project that will produce results

very quickly and achieve results over time. Agile ideas have never been developed

exclusively for the creation of technology and software. The principle of project management

has been foreseen since the very beginning of procedures and other forms of projects. Agile

methodology is applicable in most organisations in which there is a blended framework of

more conventional planning and project management.

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4.2.3 Rational Unified Process (RUP)

The Rational Unified Process is not a realistic framework for design but is meant to be

customized to suit the task, team or organization's specific requirements. The Rational

Unified Process builds upon a number of basic concepts like the development stages and the

building blocks, describing who, where, when and how to create (Braude, 2016). The

Rational Unified Process consists of six basic best practices, so called by their widespread

use in the industry. Rational Unified Process in used mostly in the software industry where

this project management methodology encourages the replication of the high-risk elements in

each stage of software development life by identifying and working them. The RUP

methodology assists in the design, implementation and evaluation of all types of tests during

the entire development process of code (Dennis et al., 2015). It further describes how any

transition that will inevitably happen during production to deliver productive iterations from

one construct to the next can be tracked and controlled. The Rational United Process provides

the means to visually design code, including components and relationships, based on the

Unified Modelling Language (UML). Further, this project management methodology when

implemented in the development of software emphasizes the design of software components

that are interchangeable in the project and, above all, in future projects. This methodology is

specifically designed for projects related to technology and software development.

4.2.4 Projects in Controlled Environment (PRINCE2)

For many organisations in the public sector, including the NHS, schools, the Metropolitan

Polices, the British Red Cross and the National Police and the Central and Local

Governments, PRINCE2 is the first choice of project management certificates. Further

PRINCE2, is highly applicable in the construction industry (Hinde, 2017). The use of

PRINCE2 has been rapidly increasing in recent years, and there is certainly no exception to

the construction industry. The credential PRINCE2 is a structured precondition for project

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managers and participants in design, endorsed by major building organisations such as the

Highways Agency (Cole et al., 2016). That should not surprise us because the PRINCE2

approach takes into account a range of factors, such as the adhesion of predetermined costs,

budgets, risks, the size, the time frame and particularly for building, reliability, which are

important to construction projects. The construction industry has built a negative reputation

for wasteful, late and problem-saturated projects. Thus, smart project managers with prompt

reliability are important for the success of a project. Through the introduction of Prince2,

these companies have taken steps towards project performance. Further, PRINCE2

methodology is used with the IT sector too, as the methodology was also initially founded for

the IT sector, PRINCE2 is frequently criticized for too focussed on the IT sector-therefore,

Prince2 is the preference of many and is embraced on a daily basis to boost the project

productivity (Constantinides, 2017). The approach permits IT organizations, regardless of

project size, form or context, to track control and management processes. The ability to

monitor a project and to update its results at each stage of the process helps IT organizations

to completely learn about the financial feasibility of a project in determining whether to

continue a project or to change the goals. Bank industries also use the PRINCE2

methodology due to their sacrosanct nature. Banks should carefully select their management

and business systems to safeguard information and financial stability. The use of PRINCE2

by Banks therefore shows confidence in the methods of the sector and the superiority of

PRINCE2. Because of its versatility and prescribed accountability, the banking industry relies

on the PRINCE2 approach when implementing e-banking / digital banking projects–ensuring

that every project is prepared and that a person is responsible for every contribution. There

are various other industries where PRINCE2 can be applied, these industries include,

engineering, operational management, marketing and various other sectors and departments.

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5. Industrial response

5.1 Impacts of agile on the health care industry

The methodology started in the software industry, and it has its place in medicine, alongside

Lean and Six Sigma, which come from manufacturing. A project management and process

improvement strategy can increase reliability, security, performance, change management

and new system / technology implementations in medical groups and healthcare

organisations. Agile can serve as another possible method, together with Lean, Six Sigma and

others, for demonstrating adherence to consistent improved quality (CQI) in accordance with

Joint Commission standard requirements such as the ambulatory pain management

guidelines, critical access clinics, and office-based operating organizations, due to be in force

in 2019. Utilisation of agile approaches to optimize treatment can also lead to building

confidence in their services as a community that provides interest in learning how to react

and adapt to the demands of a changing environment. Agile is a fast, quick-cycle iterative

development technique, known as sprints, which incorporates constant feedback from users

and draws upon the experience obtained from previous sprints. Every replication creates new

ideas to achieve the desired objective. Single cycle outcomes provide the point of departure

for the next cycle.

There are several aspects which need to be addressed in the implementation of agile

methodology. First of all, it takes an iterative approach to development and evolution. The

proposal must facilitate and encourage communication with investors by creating an initial

plan (not all material of the evaluation). This will require the conceptual model developed at

the outset to develop into a functional research model with the versatility necessary to allow

adjustment during the design. Second user-driven approach is favoured in agile projects over

data-driven approach. Third unlike the waterfall model and other sequencial methods, in

which interactions between participants are happening only at the request (in the initial phase

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of the project) stage and in which there is minimal communication in the later phase of the

project, this dynamic method promotes ongoing collaboration between experts, supporters

and program clients. Fourthly, market acceptability and technological acceptability need to be

included in the development of agile projects. It is also important to have test cases under

version control when conducting experimental projects.

The use of a basic, complicated dimension and a balanced and chaotic dimension represents

environmental instability in Daft (2007). There seems to be consensus that in the context of

their sophistication, the outside world of hospitals is unpredictable, i.e. threatens several

different components and investors. It is not clear, however, whether the external

environment is unpredictable as to whether it is stable or volatile, i.e. the rate and

predictability of shifts (Daft, 2007). Many critics suggest that a myth is that healthcare

conditions are dysfunctional compared to other industries.

A hospital should balance this complexity with appropriate internal strategic skills to

understand the real needs of the health care system and to navigate the volatile external

environment with its defined coping strategies. The degree of complexity involves various

organizational mechanisms -an organisation that exists in a secure and comfortable

atmosphere profits from a mechanistic coordinating system marked by formalization, rules,

processes and a consistent hierarchy of power. With the rise in environmental vulnerability,

the inner business continues to become more dynamic with a hierarchical capability and

willingness to bear the responsibility for activities and experiences, defined through less

structured rules and procedures. We find that facilitating agile organization, through

networking, advanced environment testing, democratic decision-making, self-organizing

values and trusting workers with skills in individuality as well as agility and innovation,

could promote three coping strategies through efficiency.

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5.2 Impacts of six sigma in health care industry

Globally, the cost of health care is rising at a startling and unsustainable rate.

Of note, a substantial proportion of these price changes can be due to a growing population

and technological progress. Such two influences are essentially outside control, unavoidable

due to the technical and social changes in today's society.

Another major source of rising healthcare prices can however be generally described as

needless organizational inefficiency. This aspect is regulated more often by healthcare

professionals. Inefficacy and improvements to improve quality can be measured and

introduced.

Six Sigma methods are analogous to good medicine since the Hippocrates era — important

information is gathered and thorough analysis is carried out. With a comprehensive diagnosis,

care is recommended and initiated. In addition, experiments were carried out to determine if

medication is successful. Six Sigma employs five steps–defining measuring analyzing

improving and controlling (DMAIC)–to execute the problem-resolution technique, which are

controlled when the big or small problem is addressed. Recently even Lean Six Sigma was

introduced in the area of healthcare. For context, it has been discussed that pioneering work

in the Stanford Hospital and Clinics on Lean Six Sigma.

5.3 Impact of Rational unified process in the health care industry

As waterfalls models and iterative spiral models are widely used in the application-

development cycle life cycle, software development is also very important in rationalized

integrated systems and agile processes. RUP is the SE method of transition to a software

system for user requests. It can be seen as a standard system model that can be used in large-

scale software applications. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is an integral

component of RUP which uses UML for computer schematic development. Two key facets

of the RUP can be described as the following: iterative and gradual development and use case

18
oriented design. Throughout SE programs, UML's' use cases' are used to define operational

specifications and build the system based upon them (whether it supports use cases), to

improve and update them. RUP is therefore regarded as a case-driven method. The plans are

split into mini projects and iterated by mini projects. The plan is increasingly progressing

with variations to the final product. In recognition of the RUP's versatility, we agree that

these two elements could also be adapted for medical research programs. HA projects could

therefore be iterative or gradual as they are a case-driven application process.

The data and process architecture could be defined by a modelling language such as UML.

Taking into account the success and strong adoption of UML in documentation schemes, they

recommend an expansion of UML. The clients and observers can concentrate on the main

objective of HA by using a standard graphical modelling language. While UML-based

management solutions were introduced, they have not met business requirements or task

specifications and are a portion of HA projects. The UML profiles can be tailored to a certain

domain by means of the extension method (for various purposes). Stereotypes, properties and

restrictions in keeping with the original semantics in UML are defined for extensions.

5.4 Impact of project in controlled environments (Prince2) in the health care industry

The PRINCE2 approach is designed to provide' best practice advice' on project management

and is found to be applicable in every field, size or level as applicable to any task. First of all,

in PRINCE2 terminology plays a central role in the propagation and preservation of theories

about a ‘market society’ (Mautner 2013). It is often related to public welfare with principles

of citizenship and responsibility. Furthermore, the ideas underlying PRINCE2 are based on

hierarchical, technocratic and sequential world views that lead directly to production

processes. This method of conceptualizing transition distinguishes the project managers from

the organizational aspects. The default mode in which to execute institutional NHS

improvements is Project Management based on PRINCE 2 (Projects in Controlled

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Environments) techniques. Although this project management strategy is acceptable for' tame'

issues, it is not ideal for harsh challenges that are the subject of most health-care operational

reform. The innovation role of the NHS organisation has followed a PRINCE 2 approach to

the management of transformation, but it is not entirely emerging. Of example, the majority

of institutional improvements under the project management methodology are serious

problems while project management methodologies are the most suitable for calm problems.

In general, the choice of a strategic planning role in the NHS was to embrace project

management as an approach to change management.

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21
6. Conclusion

This paper aimed at comparing individual personalized Project Management Methods across

different industries and analysing them in order to create a shared set of requirements. This

paper aimed at comparing individual personalized Project Management Methods across

different industries and analysing them in order to create a shared set of requirements. The

research paper is able to compare the different project management methodologies, also

demonstrate the industry implementation of the different methodologies. From the research

conducted above, it can be concluded that agile and rational unified process are the two

methodologies that are specifically used in the projects related to the software development

while, Six Sigma and PRINCE2 are used and implemented in various other fields other than

software development and IT projects. Although, agile and RUP are also implemented in

projects other than specifically software. Hence, each of the methodology has its specific

advantage, disadvantage and implementation criteria but each of the project management

methodology has its own importance and benefits.

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7. References

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Bathallath, S., Smedberg, Å., & Kjellin, H. (2016). Managing project interdependencies in

IT/IS project portfolios: a review of managerial issues. International journal of information

systems and project management, 4(1), 67-82.

Cherrafi, A., Elfezazi, S., Chiarini, A., Mokhlis, A., & Benhida, K. (2016). The integration of

lean manufacturing, Six Sigma and sustainability: A literature review and future research

directions for developing a specific model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 139, 828-846.

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