Lecture 1 Introduction To Project Management PDF
Lecture 1 Introduction To Project Management PDF
Lecture 1 Introduction To Project Management PDF
Tanzania;
Construction for example, projects take up
to about three times longer than the
planned duration;
Budgets are not met;
Quality is poor;
The need for projects keeps increasing; and
Projects are becoming larger and more
complex.
A project is a temporary endeavor
undertaken to accomplish a unique purpose
Attributes of projects
◦ unique purpose
◦ temporary
◦ require resources, often from various areas
◦ should have a primary sponsor and/or customer
◦ involve uncertainty
Construction of a hydro-power plant;
Construction of a road between two towns;
Development of a computer software for
design of tall structures
Undertaking a degree programme at the
UDSM;
Preparing a Final Year Project;
Wedding, etc.
Every project is constrained in different ways
by its
◦ Scope goals
◦ Time goals
◦ Cost goals
It is the project manager’s duty to balance
these three often competing goals
If time is to be minimised, then both scope
and cost may be negatively affected;
If scope is to be increased, then both more
time and money may be needed;
On the other hand, if one wishes to minimise
cost, then scope may have to be reduced and
it may not be possible to expedite the
project.
Project management is “the application of
knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to
project activities in order to meet or exceed
stakeholder needs and expectations from a
project” (PMI*, Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), 1996, p. 6)
Structures
Pavement
Road furniture
WBS Gantt Chart
5 5 days
Wed 8/5/98 Tue 8/11/98 J
START B
10 3 days
2 2 days Thu 8/20/98 Mon 8/24/98
0 days
Mon 8/3/98 Mon 8/3/98 Mon 8/3/98 Tue 8/4/98
F
6 4 days
Wed 8/5/98 Mon 8/10/98
C G I
BAC
250
200
BCWP or Cumulative EV
BCWS
Cost Variance
100
ACWP
Schedule Variance
BWCP
50
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
Managers, customers, and other stakeholders
do not like surprises. Good project
management (PM) provides assurance and
reduces risk
PM provides the tools and environment to
plan, monitor, track, and manage schedules,
resources, costs, and quality
PM provides a history or metrics base for
future planning as well as good
documentation
Project members learn and grow by working
in a cross-functional team environment
Much of the knowledge needed to manage
projects is unique to PM
However, project managers must also have
knowledge and experience in
◦ general management
◦ the application area of the project
Project managers must focus on meeting
specific project objectives
Project
A good project
Management
Knowledge and manager
Practice
General Application
Management Knowledge and
Knowledge and Practice
Practice
Modern project management began with
the Manhattan Project, which the U.S.
military led to develop the atomic bomb
In 1917 Henry Gantt developed the
Gantt chart as a tool for scheduling work
in job shops
…………………..
By the 1990s, virtually every industry
was using some form of project
management
By 2000 PM is a well established
academic discipline and profession
Authoritative authors (international) stress
that projects are what add value to
organizations
Professional societies like the Project
Management Institute have grown
tremendously
PMI provides certification as a Project
Management Professional (PMP)
A PMP has documented sufficient project
experience, agreed to follow a code of
ethics, and passed the PMP exam
The number of people earning PMP
certification is increasing quickly, and the
certification program department received
ISO approval in 1999
2006 accepted almost worldwide.
20,000
18,000 18184
16,000
14,000
12,000
# PMPs
10,000 10086
8,000
6,000 6415
4,000 4400
2800
2,000 1900
1000
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Year
Number of PMP by 2005 almost 200,000;
PMI developed a project management code of
ethics that all PMPs must agree to abide by;
Conducting work in an ethical manner helps
the profession earn confidence
Ethics are on the web at
www.pmi.org/certification/code.htm
Write a brief analysis (maximum of three
pages) of project management tools and
techniques (at least 3 of them). The report
should at least have the following contents;
◦ Brief History of each tool and technique
◦ Description of the tools
◦ functions and use of each tool in project
management
◦ Advantages and shortcomings of each tool
The assignment should be done in groups of three people
Dead line is on 18th October 2011
Thank You
Next topic - Options for
delivery of construction
projects