MODULE 1 - 1 Definitions, Theories, Concepts

THEORY OF
ARCHITECTURE  
& 
PRINCIPLES OF
PLANNING
ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE
FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL
STRUCTURALLY SOUND STRUCTURALLY SOUND
ECONOMICAL BEAUTIFUL
DEFINITION  
OF 
ARCHITECTURE
VITRUVIUS
Marcus Vitruvius Polio
FIRMITAS FIRMNESS DURABILITY
UTILITAS COMMODITY UTILITY
VENUSTAS DELIGHT BEAUTY

DEFINITION OF ARCHITECTURE
DK CHING, A VISUAL DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE
The ART
product or result of architectural work
and SCIENCE
style or method of building
characteristic of a people, place or time
of DESIGNING PROCESS
profession of designing buildings and other
habitable environments
and CONSTRUCTING
conscious act of forming things resulting in a unifying
or coherent structure
BUILDINGS.
THE  
ESSENCE  
OF  
ARCHITECTURE
ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE
Greek words
ARCHI = first, original

TECT = the ability to put things together
Sanskrit root
ARTS = everything in its right place

Fundamental Desires of Man
1. Preservation
2. Recognition
3. Response to a need
4. Self - expression
• Architecture is the process that we instinctively

recognize as the genius of growth and creation
• It gives form to the invisible pulses and rhythm of

life
• The physical manifestation of the power is a

consequence of the desire for the invisible to be
made visible
THEORIES  
IN  
ARCHITECTURE
THEORIES  
IN  
ARCHITECTURE
THEORY
Analysis of a set of facts in relation to one another
Belief, policy or procedure proposed
or followed as basis of action
An ideal or hypothetical set of facts,
principles or circumstances of a body of fact
on science or art
A plausible or scientifically accepted general
principle or body of principles offered to
explain phenomenon
FORMS / TYPES OF THEORY
• DESCRIPTIVE
• PRESCRIPTIVE
• CRITICAL
• DESCRIPTIVE
Explains phenomenon or events
Neutral – do not lean towards any ideology

• PRESCRIPTIVE
Prescribes bases or guidelines
• CRITICAL
Challenges relationships between
architecture & society
ARCHITECTURAL THEORY
ESSENCE & COMPOSITION
• A collection of thoughts, views and ideas
• Organized by theme or topic
• Evolution of thoughts
• Combination of various thoughts,
speculations and concepts
There is no grand theory or unified theory of architecture.
ARCHITECTURAL  
SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
The architecture of: SPACE
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE
Experienced through: Movement

Space - Time
Achieved by means of:Technology
Accommodating a: Program
Compatible with its Context
Architecture SPACE
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE
Experience Movement
Space - Time
Means Technology
Accommodation Program
Compatibility Context
Architecture
SPACE
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE
▪ Organizational pattern, relationships, hierarchy

▪ Qualities of shape, color, texture,scale, proportion
▪ Qualities of surfaces, edges and openings
Experience
Movement
Space - Time
▪ Approach and entry

▪ Path configuration and access
▪ Sequence of spaces
▪ Light, view, touch, hearing and smell
Means
Technology
▪ Structure and enclosure

▪ Environmental protection and comfort
▪ Health, safety and welfare
▪ Durability
Accommodation
Program
▪ User requirements, needs, aspirations

▪ Socio-cultural factors
▪ Economic factors
▪ Legal restraints
▪ Historical tradition and precedents
Compatibility
Context
▪ Site and environment

▪ Climate: sun, wind, temperature and precipitation
▪ Geography: soils, topography, vegetation and water
▪ Sensory and cultural characteristics of the place
SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM
ENCLOSURE
Movement Experience
Space - Time
Technology Means
Program Accommodation
Context Compatibility
SPACE Architecture
ENCLOSURE
Movement Experience
Space - TimeENCLOSURE SYSTEM
Technology Means
SPACE Architecture
ENCLOSURE
Movement Experience
Space - Time ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
SPACE Architecture
ENCLOSURE
Movement Experience
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
SPACE Architecture
ENCLOSURE
Movement Experience
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
CONTEXT
SYSTEMS ORDERS
SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM PHYSICAL
ENCLOSURE
Movement Experience
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
CONTEXT
SYSTEMS ORDERS
SPACE Architecture
ENCLOSURE
Movement Experience
Space - Time ENCLOSURE SYSTEM PERCEPTUAL
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
CONTEXT
SYSTEMS ORDERS
SPACE Architecture
ENCLOSURE
Movement Experience
Space - Time ENCLOSURE SYSTEM PERCEPTUAL
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
CIRCULATION SYSTEM CONCEPTUAL
CONTEXT

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MODULE 1 - 1 Definitions, Theories, Concepts

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THEORY OF

FIRMITAS FIRMNESS DURABILITY

UTILITAS COMMODITY UTILITY

VENUSTAS DELIGHT BEAUTY

ARCHI = first, original

ARTS = everything in its right place

• Architecture is the process that we instinctively

• It gives form to the invisible pulses and rhythm of

• The physical manifestation of the power is a

Neutral – do not lean towards any ideology

Experienced through: Movement

▪ Organizational pattern, relationships, hierarchy

▪ Approach and entry

▪ Structure and enclosure

▪ User requirements, needs, aspirations

▪ Site and environment

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