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12 Graphing Polynomial Functions DAY1 PDF

1. Determine the degree of the polynomial and identify its leading coefficient to determine end behavior 2. Find any turning points by setting the derivative equal to 0 and solving 3. Find the y-intercept by substituting 0 for x 4. Find the x-intercepts or zeroes by setting the function equal to 0 and solving for x These properties - degree, leading coefficient, turning points, y-intercept, and zeroes - provide the essential information needed to sketch the graph of any polynomial function.

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314 views30 pages

12 Graphing Polynomial Functions DAY1 PDF

1. Determine the degree of the polynomial and identify its leading coefficient to determine end behavior 2. Find any turning points by setting the derivative equal to 0 and solving 3. Find the y-intercept by substituting 0 for x 4. Find the x-intercepts or zeroes by setting the function equal to 0 and solving for x These properties - degree, leading coefficient, turning points, y-intercept, and zeroes - provide the essential information needed to sketch the graph of any polynomial function.

Uploaded by

陈小花
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GRAPHING

POLYNOMIAL
FUNCTIONS
Day 1
Objectives:
 determine whether a graph represents a polynomial function
or not
 identify the properties of a polynomial function given its
graph
 determine the polynomial function represented by the given
graph
 identify the properties of a given polynomial function given its
equation
 sketch the graph of a polynomial function
How does the graph of
a polynomial function
look like?
G(x) = –4
R(x) = –2x + 1 ?
A(x) = –x2 + 4 ???
P(x) = x2 – 4x + 5
H(x) = x3 – 5x2 + 6x – 1
S(x) = –x4 – 3x3 + x2 + 3x
H(x) = x3 – 5x2 + 6x – 1 S(x) = –x4 – 3x3 + x2 + 3x
How would you describe graphs of polynomial functions?
y
Graphs of Polynomial Functions
y
 smooth x
• contain only rounded curves
• do not have sharp corners or
x

cusps 
 continuous sharp corners or cusps gaps
y
holes

• do not have breaks, gaps, y

or holes x
• can be drawn without lifting x
one’s pen  
1. 3.

not
polynomial polynomial

2. 4.
polynomial

not
polynomial
Properties/ required information when
graphing polynomial functions
1. end behavior
2. turning points
3. y-intercept
4. x-intercepts
-zeroes and their multiplicities
-roots
Odd-degree polynomials have Even-degree polynomials are
ends that head off in opposite either "up" on both ends or
directions. "down" on both ends.
End Behavior of EVEN-DEGREE Polynomial Functions

POSITIVE
Leading Coefficient

NEGATIVE
Leading Coefficient
End-Behavior of ODD-DEGREE Polynomial Functions

POSITIVE
Leading Coefficient

NEGATIVE
Leading Coefficient
Properties/ required information when
graphing polynomial functions
1. end behavior
- determines the direction of the arrow heads of the
graph of a polynomial function
- given the graph: observe the direction of the arrow
heads
- given the equation: perform the leading
coefficient test
Leading
SUMMARY: COEFFICIENT
Test
Leading
Degree (n) Left-Hand Right-Hand
Coefficient
+ UP UP
EVEN
– DOWN DOWN

+ DOWN UP
ODD
– UP DOWN
EXAMPLE 1. 3. C(x)
Match each polynomial
function with its graph.
3
A( x )  x  x A(x)
4 2
B( x )  x  x 2. D(x) 4.
3
C( x )   x  x
4 2
D( x )   x  x
B(x)
EXAMPLE
Determine the end behavior of the given polynomial
functions.
1. f(x) = 5x6 + 4x5 – 3x + 2
End Behavior:
Degree: even L. Coefficient: + UP, UP

2. g(x) = x2(x + 1)(x + 2)(3 – x) End Behavior:


Degree: odd L. Coefficient: – UP, DOWN
Properties/ required information when
graphing polynomial functions
2. turning point
- a point at which the graph
changes from increasing to
decreasing behavior or
vice-versa
- A polynomial function of
degree n has at most n – 1
turning points.
EXAMPLE
Determine the maximum number of turning points of the
given polynomial functions.

5 1. f(x) = 5x6 + 4x5 – 3x + 2


3 2. B(x) = –x4 + x2
4 3. g(x) = x2(x + 1)(x + 2)(3 – x)
8 4. A(x) = (x – 5)2(x + 4)3(3 – x)4
EXAMPLE Graphs of Quartic Polynomials
While both
graphs are
quartic
polynomial
functions
(degree 4),
note that the
number of
turning points
differ. 3 turning points 1 turning point
Properties/ required information when
graphing polynomial functions
3. y-intercept
- given the graph: the point where the graph of the
function intersects the y-axis
- given the equation: the value of the function when
x=0
EXAMPLE
2.
Determine the 1.
y-intercept of
the given
graphs of
polynomial
functions.

y-intercept: 10 y-intercept: –4
(0, 10) (0, –4)
EXAMPLE
Determine the y-intercept of the given the polynomial
functions.

2 1. f(x) = 5x6 + 4x5 – 3x + 2


0 2. B(x) = –x4 + x2
0 3. g(x) = x2(x + 1)(x + 2)(3 – x)
–60 4. H(x) = (x – 5)(x + 4)(3 – x)
Properties/ required information when
graphing polynomial functions
4. x-intercepts (zeroes and their multiplicities)
- also called roots
- given the graph: the point where the graph of the
function intersects the x-axis
- given the equation: the value of the function when
y or f(x) = 0
Why is it important to know the multiplicities of the zeroes?
a(x) = (x – 1)2 c(x) = (x – 1)4

zeroes:
1 mult. 4

d(x) = (x – 1)5

zeroes:
1 mult. 5
ZEROES &
Multiplicity
Given a polynomial function with r as a root:
 If r is a zero of odd multiplicity, then the graph
crosses the x-axis at (r, 0).

 If r is a zero of even multiplicity, then the graph


touches the x-axis and turns around at (r, 0).
EXAMPLE 1. 2.
Determine the
zeroes and
multiplicities
(odd/ even) of
the given
graphs of
polynomial
functions. -1, odd mult. -1, even mult.
0, odd mult. 0, odd mult.
1, odd mult. 2, odd mult.
EXAMPLE
Determine the zeroes and multiplicities of the given
polynomial functions.
1. A(x) = (x – 5)2(x + 4)3(3 – x)4
5 mult. 2, –4 mult. 3, & 3 mult. 4

2. B(x) = –x4 + x2 –1, 1, & 0 mult. 2

3. C(x) = x3 – x2 – x + 1 Hint: Use Rational Root Theorem. :)

–1 & 1 mult. 2
Life is like a roller coaster.
It has its ups and downs… 
LIFE as a roller coaster… it’s your choice
to either scream or enjoy the ride. 
EXERCISE
Identify the properties of the given polynomial function.

P(x) = (x + 1)(2x – 3)2(x + 2)3


a. end behavior: up, up
b. zeroes & their multiplicities:
–1, 3/2 multiplicity 2, & –2 multiplicity 3
c. y-intercept:
72
d. maximum no. of turning points: 5
EXERCISE
Identify the properties of the
polynomial function given its
graph.
a. end behavior: Up, down
b. zeroes & their multiplicities:
–3, –1, & 1

c. y-intercept: 3
d. no. of turning points: 2
Homework
Answer pages 59 & 60 of your
workbook.

*For Part II, page 60, no need to


sketch the graph (yet)

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