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Lab Report Template

This document summarizes a student laboratory experiment on the synthesis of copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) from the reaction of copper sulfate (CuSO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The students measured the actual yield of Cu(OH)2 and calculated the theoretical yield to determine the percentage yield. For the reaction of CuSO4 with the first amount of NaOH, the percentage yield was 90.16%. For the reaction with a greater amount of NaOH, the percentage yield was 108%.

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767 views4 pages

Lab Report Template

This document summarizes a student laboratory experiment on the synthesis of copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) from the reaction of copper sulfate (CuSO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The students measured the actual yield of Cu(OH)2 and calculated the theoretical yield to determine the percentage yield. For the reaction of CuSO4 with the first amount of NaOH, the percentage yield was 90.16%. For the reaction with a greater amount of NaOH, the percentage yield was 108%.

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Date: 12 December 2019

Synthesis Reaction of Copper Hydroxide


Sorrawit, Kriengkrai, Varunya, Thanapat, Rattanakorn, Don class 1106

Summary/abstract

In this lab we experimented for the actual yield of Cu(OH)4 , the product of the chemical
reaction between 25 mL of CuSO4 solution and 2 solutions of NaOH. We then calculated the
theoretical yield, then compared it to the actual yield as a percentage.

Introduction

Chemical reactions occur when 2 or more chemicals react with each other and produce another
chemical. According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, the matter cannot be created nor
destroyed, thus the quantity of the product of a chemical reaction cannot exceed the amount of
reactants. Most of the time the reactants will not be used up at the same time. This is because a
chemical reaction might consume the reactants at different rates or the number of reactants
differ before the reaction. When one of the reactants runs out, the chemical reaction ends and
there is a leftover of the other reactants. The reactant that runs out first and the excess reactant
is called limiting reagent and excess reagent respectively. Knowing this, we can calculate the
theoretical amount of reactants and products and compare it to the measured amount in the lab.

Objective​: The purpose of this experiment is to find the yield product of how much copper
hydroxide is made from the synthesis reaction of copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide. To
determine this, we would have to find the actual yield over the theoretical yield percentage.

Material
1. CuSO4 solution (Solution A 2.5 g of CuSO4 in 50 mL of water)
2. NaOH solution (Solution B 0.2 g of NaOH in 25 mL of water)
3. NaOH solution (Solution C 0.5 g of NaOH in 25 mL of water) 0.6
4. 100 ml beaker
5. 50 ml graduated cylinder
6. Stirring rod
7. Filter paper
8. Weighing paper
9. Spatula
10. Watch glass
11. Funnel
12. Ring stand & clamp

Method
Preparation of CuSO4 , solution (Solution A)
1. Weight 2.5 g of CuSO4 dissolve in 50 ml of water in 100 mL beaker
2. Stir well by using a stirring rod for 2-3 minutes

Preparation of NaOH solution (Solution B)


1. Weight 0.2 g of NaOH dissolved in 25 mL of water in 100 ml beaker
2. Stir well by using a stirring rod for 2-3 mins.

Preparation of NaOH solution (Solution C)


1. Weight 0.6 g of NaOH dissolved in 25 mL of water in 100 mL beaker
2. Stir well by using a stirring rod for 2-3 mins.

Synthesis of Cu(OH)4
1. Mix 25 mL of CuSO4 solution (Solution A) with 25 mL of NaOH solution (Solution B)
2. Stir for 2-3 minutes.
3. Weight the filter paper, and then record it on the data table.
4. Separate the solid product by paper filtration technique.
5. Rinse the solid product (the rest of the product left on beaker) with 10 mL of distilled
water.
6. Clean the filtered solid residue (during filtration) with 10 mL of distilled water for 2
times in order to remove N a2 SO 4 salt.
7. Clean the filtered solid residue again with 10 mL of ethanol to remove water.
8. Carefully remove filter paper with the filtered solid residue to watch glass.
9. Dry it overnight in the oven.
10. Repeat steps 1-9 by using 25 ml of NaOH solution by using Solution C instead of Solution
B.

Experimental (Day 2)
11. Weight mass of the filter paper and solid product
12. Calculate the % yield of the reaction

Results

Reactant Reaction Observation Weight of Weight of Filter paper Solid product observation
Solution Filter paper and Solid product (Chemical/ Physical)

A+B There is blue 0.57 g 0.79 g 0.22 g


precipitation left

A+C There is more 1.1 g 1.65 g 0.55


precipitation than A +
B because there are
more mols of NaOH
Discussion
In this lab, the weight from A+B solution is less than the theoretical weight from the
calculation, therefore the percent yield of the result will be less than 100%. For solution A+C,
our weighed solid product is heavier than the theoretical product we should get, this result
occurs because of our error during the lab experiment. There might be a problem from the
filtration process or from the weighing process. Due to this problem, our percent yield exceeds
100%.

Calculations

C uSO4 • 5H 2 O + 2N aOH → C u(OH)2 + N a2 SO4 + 5H 2 O

A+B
1molCuSO4 •5H 2 O 1molCu(OH)2
1.25gCuSO4 • 5H 2 O × 250gCuSO4 •5H 2 O × 1molCuSO4 •5H 2 O = 0.005molCu(OH)2 ⇒ E .R

1molN aOH Cu(OH)2


0.2gN aOH × 40gN aOH × 2N aOH = 0.0025molCu(OH)2 ⇒ L.R
97.5gCu(OH)2
0.0025molCu(OH)2 × 1molCu(OH)2 = 0.244gCu(OH)2 ⇒ T heoretical Y ield
0.22
Percent Yield 0.244 × 100 = 90.16%

A+C
1molCuSO4 •5H 2 O 1molCu(OH)2
1.25gCuSO4 • 5H 2 O × 250gCuSO4 •5H 2 O × 1molCuSO4 •5H 2 O = 0.005molCu(OH)2 ⇒ L.R

1molN aOH Cu(OH)2


0.6gN aOH × 40gN aOH × 2N aOH = 0.0075molCu(OH)2 ⇒ E .R
97.565gCu(OH)2
0.005molCu(OH)2 × 1molCu(OH)2 = 0.49molCu(OH)2 ⇒ T heoretical Y ield
0.53
Percent Yield 0.49 × 100 = 108%

Conclusion

For the first reactant (A + B), there is a presence of blue precipitation, an insoluble solid
copper hydroxide, left but in the second reactant ( A+ C), there is more precipitation than the
first reactant because there are more mols of NaOH. In conclusion, the more moles of reactant
you have, the more product you will produce from it according to the balanced chemical
equation.

References

Mott, V. (n.d.). Introduction to Chemistry. Retrieved from


https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/the-law-of-conservation-of-mass/.

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