AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE

Journal of Engineering
IoT Water Level Sensing and Temperature Warning System Using Android
Application

Mark Anthony C. Posiquit Eugene R. Bocato Jeffrey I. Lomboy

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract - This study conducted to design a model time or another nearly every farm pond owner has
of IOT Water Level Sensing and Temperature been frustrated by at least one of the many problems
Warning System using Android Application device that affect ponds and pond life. Among the thousand
that can be installed in fishpond in any water system privately owned fishponds scattered throughout the
that are geared at monitoring the heights of water and Philippines, a large number fail to hold water and
the temperature; whereas to make this project excessive changing of water temperature that cause
specific and to join the local fishpond owner against not producing good breed of fish population and
flooding and changing of temperature that cause sometimes it kills thousands of fish that are very
death of many fish. The proponents thought of expensive to correct.
installing the actual device in a fishpond for Flooding, changing of water temperature is the
monitoring the level of water and the temperature most common problem encountered in fishpond
particularly in Barcibal fishpond in Igang Bacacay industry. Heavy rains can cause rising of water that
Albay. may outflows essential nutrients and may allow
The IoT Water Level Sensing and Temperature valuable fish to escape.
Warning System using Android Application can Water temperature plays important rules in
monitor the water level and temperature by the use of determining the perfect pond water. In summer, water
ESP8266-01E and monitoring it in the distance by should be in the range of 68 to 74 degrees Fahrenheit.
means of wireless fidelity (Wi -Fi) connection. Water loses much of its ability to hold oxygen when
the temperature is above 85 degrees. The fish won’t
Keywords – Internet of things, fishpond, Blynk be able to breathe [1].
application, Internet, Microcontroller. On April 2014 in Tuguegarao, BFAR warned fish
farmers of an imminent fish kill in the midst of
I. Introduction summer season. They said “high temperature causes
a highly stressful condition which can lead to
The Philippine archipelago is located in the mortality. In order to minimize losses, BFAR fish
Pacific Ocean. It is composed of marine waters and experts have recommended the ‘freshening of ponds’
oceans surrounding the country. It is a tropical especially if stocks are near the marketable stage” [2].
country were most of fish can live. It is rich in aquatic The study aims to help minimize the problem
resources wherein you can find hundreds of ponds in encounter in fishpond industry. It is developed to save
every province in the Philippines. time and manpower cost, accurately detect and
The exact period when aquaculture gained a monitor the water level and the water temperature and
foothold in the Philippines may never be known. It is send warning to the owner’s cellphone.
generally accepted however that the earliest Furthermore, the design project is aimed to
fishponds were brackish water fishponds and the answer the following problem in a fishpond (1) how
earliest species to be grown was bangus or will the proposed system mitigate the fish kill in a
milkfish, Chanos Förskal, using naturally occurring fishpond? (2) how will proposed system increase
fry that came in with tidal waters. productivity in a fishpond? (3) how will the proposed
Today ponds are one of the first to react in system lessen the work in monitoring the fishpond?
changing of our climate, it became burden to the (4) how will the researchers prevent the negligence in
owner when plague attack to their fishpond. At one measuring the fishpond temperature? (5) the function

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Journal of Engineering
of the device in terms of: Functionality, Detection and In the evaluation process, the proponents invited
Transmission of Data (6) how will the proposed and gave evaluation questionnaires to the client Mr.
system maintain the amount of water level and Barcibal the one who own the fishpond. that have
temperature? developing a device that monitors and extensive knowledge in relation to the System’s
informs the owner or the personnel on guard about the purpose and design to evaluate the Efficiency,
level and the temperature of water. Accuracy, Portability, Reliability and Maintainability
of the “IoT Water Level Sensing and Temperature
II. Material and Methods Warning System Using Android Application” device.
At the end of the evaluation process, the
proponents needed to evaluate the findings regarding
the level of accuracy of the developed design project.

III. Results
The final design of the “IoT Water Level Sensing
and Temperature Warning System Using Android
Application has different parts and components of the
prototype model that helped it to achieve its goal and
objective.
Based on the problem identified in this study, the
Figure 1. Engineering Design Cycle researchers found out that the device will be of great
advantage and will greatly help fish farmers
The researchers used developmental method of of the production of fish in their fishpond. Thus, this
the research. The developmental method of research will result in minimizing fish kill. This project is also
is focused on the design and construction of the “IoT advantageous in monitoring water level in a river and
Water Level Sensing and Temperature Warning creek because it can save life and property in our
System using Android Application”. The researchers community especially if there is a flooding occur. It
gather data that can help the researchers on can be deduced from the general that this design
constructing the study. It is a framework that is used project will answer the following specific problems
to structure, plan and control the process of
developing an information system. 1. Difficulties in monitoring water level and
Figure 1. shows the Engineering Design Cycle temperature in fishpond.
which has five stages. These are researching stages, 2. Inconvenience for sending a warning in
modeling stages, implementing stages, measuring times of flood and rising of temperature.
stages, and communicating stages. Researching stage
is the stage where the facts and conceptual and related In such cases the proponents arrived at the
literatures were gathered, read, and filtered. Modeling following findings:
stage is the stage for the application of the literatures
and came up with the prototype. Implementing stage 1. Using the proposed design project called IoT
is the stage wherein the prototype is subject for some Water Level Sensing and Temperature
test data if it is working as intended. Measuring stage Warning System using Android Application;
is the stage for the calibration of the measurements there will be a more convenient way of
and other needed function to work as needed. Lastly monitoring the water level and temperature in
is the communicating stage where the prototype is a fishpond or any bodies of water that needs
subject for the evaluation of the intended users or to be monitored.
knowledgeable individual for that matter and if there 2. The fishpond owner will be aware of the
are some required function or added feature to be possible occurrence of flood and rising of
added, then the cycle will be start again from temperature in their fishpond.
researching stage.

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3. There will be a 24/7 monitoring instrument in During the actual testing of our device in the
the fishpond. fishpond in Igang Bacacay Albay the transferring of
4. The device can measure and monitor the data in our cellphone is very fast and we place the two
height of water level anywhere but sensor in the center of the fishpond while the other
disconnection from the Wi-Fi and in the two place near the device. After we test the design
internet can affect the system, without Wi-Fi system our client Mr. Barcibal was amazed and wants
and internet connection it cannot transmit to recommend our device to other non-local
data to android phone. government units for aqua agricultural benefits. while
5. The device was properly mounted to detect during the testing in final defense the transfer of data
and measure water level correctly. Ultrasonic is very slow because of poor internet but even though
sensor is not affected by the sunlight or black the researchers struggling for internet the device still
material but soft materials like cloth is works perfectly fine and after the testing of the device
difficult to read. all three panels are approved and satisfied of what the
6. The device transmission of data to android system device can do.
phone was defends on the speed of Wi-Fi Our evaluation during the testing of the
connections, sometimes time delay was prototype is actual and final defense has been
experience during low-speed connection. concluded that the project can automatically monitor
the water and temperature level. It displays the
During the testing of the device with our client current measurement of the actual height and
we arrived at the following results and findings. temperature of the water. Our device is internet
dependent; we cannot experience the functionality of
1. All the electronic components used are our device if there is an absence of internet.
all successfully tested and we met our
desired goal during the testing. IV. Discussion
2. Our client is greatly amazed on the The study presents an attempt to determine
device we presented to him. He was effectivity of IoT Water Level Sensing and
surely believing that having a device that temperature sensor using android application in a
monitor water temperature as well as the fishpond. In this work, the ultrasonic sensor for the
water level in his fishpond will be automatic water level monitor, and DS18B20 for
beneficial and helpful to mitigate fish monitoring the temperature of the water should be
kill he experience in his fishpond. pass the necessary tests with the other components
3. During the testing our client became interfaced to it, that are hereby presented. With this
aware that during sunny noon time the system, it is possible to monitor the water level and
possibility of increase in water the temperature of the water in the fishpond, when the
temperature might always occur because sensors detect abnormalities in water it will send a
during our testing on December 2, 2017 data to the owner android phone application and if
at around 12 am to 1pm, we register there are changes occur then the water pump will
more than 85 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit in automatically turn on the inflow of the fishpond for
the water which is not good for the fish. water replenishment and also the pump for the
(In brackish fishpond, the water outflow will turn on once there is an overflow
temperature should not exceed above 85 detected. By so doing, the incidence of dead fish is
degrees Fahrenheit. In summer, water reduced and abrupt changing of water temperature
should be in the range of 68 to 74 also mitigated. As already highlighted in the previous
degrees Fahrenheit.) sections, the Arduino Mega 2560 esp8266-01 Wi-Fi
4. The owner assure as that he wants to module is the heart of this project work, as all the
own our device. He also told us that he control signals pass through and are processed by the
is willing to recommend our device to Arduino Mega 2560 esp8266-01 Wi-Fi module.
his fellow fishpond owner and to the The IoT Water Level Sensing and Temperature
LGUs. Warning System using Android Application can

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Journal of Engineering
indicate and monitor the height of water in specific 5. The proposed system has proven capable of
area by the use of Wi-Fi connection. The main parts being used by fish farmers.
of this device are Arduino Mega 2560, ESP8266-01 6. The proposed system has proven to be useful
Wi-Fi Module, HC-RS04 ultrasonic sensor and the on providing data for future reference.
for temperature. ESP8266 – 01 is the one that
processed the data came from ultrasonic sensor and Based on the development of the design, the
thermostat then sent it online. The ultrasonic sensor researchers came up with the recommendations for
can transmit sound waves by trigger and receive the the “IoT Water Level Sensing and Temperature
reflected waves; by this echo principle can Warning System using Android Application” to
determined the distance or height of the water. The innovate further the device. The following can be
Temperature sensor (DS18B20) is a thermometer applied by future researchers for more improvement
device, it senses temperature and by way of its 1-wire of the “IoT Water Level Sensing and Temperature
interface, returns it in fractions of degrees Celsius or Warning System using Android Application”:
Fahrenheit. Then, the water level and temperature
degrees displayed in android mobile application so 1. Next researchers may use better quality
that people can easily monitor the water level and materials in housing the device to protect
degrees anywhere by using their android phone. It components inside from rainy or sunny
also has two AC Water pump for Controlling the weather condition.
inflow and outflow of water. The water pump has its 2. Next researchers should add additional
own switch to for manually on and off of the device features regarding other factors which are
during emergency cases.” IoT Water Level Sensing crucial to the growth of fish.
and Warning System using Android Application” was 3. Next researchers should have additional
powered by 12volts battery. The researchers gather hardware changes to improve its adaptability
data for more improvement of the device. under any weather and environment.
The evaluation of the prototype model has 4. Next researchers should have additional
gathered information for the design project and features on its function to either increase its
entitled “IoT Water Level Sensing and Temperature capabilities or boost its effectiveness on
Warning System using Android Application” has fishpond monitoring.
been conclude that: 5. The System Design can have changes
regarding its power usage in order to extend
1. The study of the researchers to give the duration of its performance.
information and proper measurement of 6. Also next researchers may apply using blue
water level and temperature to fishpond tooth instead of internet so that the device is
owners was effective. Fishpond owners can still effective even there is an absence of
monitor water level and temperature internet.
anywhere they are as long as they are
connected to the internet. A tropical country like Philippines always
2. The device is working properly, the only expected a heavy rain during rainy season and a hot
main factor affecting in this, is the improper weather during summer. The latter are the big burden
mounting of the device and disconnection of of every fishpond owner. Several experience had
Wi-Fi and internet because transmission of been documented, shows that the rising of
data to android phone needs Wi-Fi and temperature and over flowing is the main problem in
internet connection. every ponds and ponds owner. Many devices were
3. The proposed system helps the fish farmers created to mitigate this occurrence but no study
in monitoring the fishponds. created not only to monitor the temperature and the
4. The proposed system has proven its level of water but also include the solution of the
effectiveness on its alarm system and on problems cause by water level and temperature
providing useful information. changes in the fishpond.

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Our project not only detect the rising of
temperature and the rising of water in the fishpond but Temperature Sensing and Control
also include the automatic inflows and outflows of Programmable System-On-Chip Architectures
water once our device detected abnormalities in the (PSoC). provides complete high performance
fishpond. This project is a big help in a fishpond temperature sensing and control solutions for
industry, it can help mitigate fish kill, it can also use Resistance temperature detectors (RTD),
for monitoring the level of water in a creek, river to thermocouples, thermistors, temperature diodes, IC
warning people on that places. temperature sensors, other analog output temperature
sensors and digital output temperature sensors. PSoC
V. Literature and Studies includes current and voltage sensor drive, DAC and
PWM outputs for control, LCD drive, key pad or
This part of the study discusses the relevant touch screen interface, power management and USB
literature connected with the study of IoT Water or RS-232 communication [5].
Level Sensing and Temperature Warning System
using Android Application. This part of the study AN2017 - PSoC® 1 Temperature Measurement
accounts the works that has been published on a topic with Thermistor
by accredited scholars and researchers. All this would AN2017 shows how to use PSoC® 1 to
allow the readers to map the field and position of the accurately measure temperature with a thermistor.
research within the context. Moreover, this part of the The associated project measures the resistance of a
study justifies the reason for the research. This is thermistor to calculate its temperature using lookup
closely connected with demonstrating that is known tables and equations, and is also used with other PSoC
in the field. It is the knowledge of the field that allows 1 devices that have the required resources.
one to identify the gap, which the research could fill. A thermistor is a temperature-sensitive resistor in
Concurrently, it allows the researcher to establish the which resistance varies with temperature. There are
theoretical framework and methodological focus. two types of thermistors: positive temperature
The following literatures area related to the coefficient (PTC) thermistors and negative
proponents’ research. This material is related to the temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors. This
proponent’s design. This will be their guide for application note describes the more commonly used
making the system and meet the objectives of the NTC thermistors, in which resistance decreases with
design. increase in temperature. Based on this principle,
Coolant Temperature Sensor is used to temperature is calculated by measuring the resistance
measure the temperature of the engine coolant of an [6].
internal combustion engine. The readings from
this sensor are then fed back to the engine control unit AN60590 - PSoC® 3, PSoC 4, and PSoC 5LP -
(ECU), which uses this data to adjust the fuel Temperature Measurement with a Diode
injection and ignition timing [3]. AN60590 explains diode-based temperature
Flood Warning is to detect and forecast measurement using PSoC® 3, PSoC 4, and PSoC
threatening flood events so that the public can be 5LP. The temperature is measured based on the diode
alerted in advance and can undertake appropriate forward bias current dependence on temperature. This
responses to minimize the impact of the event. This application note details how the flexible analog
is a particularly important technology in developing architecture of PSoC 3, PSoC 4, and PSoC 5LP
countries, where flooding results in massive loss of enables you to measure diode temperatures using a
life and property. single PSoC device [7].
Flood warnings are a highly important adaptive In sound waves, ultrasonic is the application of
measure where protection through large scale, hard ultrasound. Ultrasound is an oscillating sound
defenses, is not desirable or possible. This may be the pressure wave with the frequency greater than the
case if defenses would cause adverse environmental upper limit of the human hearing range. Human
or social problems, or where the cost of defense hearing range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Ultrasound is
construction would be prohibitive [4]. different from the normal sound, only the fact that

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humans cannot hear it. Ultrasound device operate automation), and others all contribute to enabling the
with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several Internet of things (IoT).
Gigahertz. The concept of a network of smart devices was
Ultrasonic as distance sensor work on similar discussed as early as 1982, with a modified Coke
to radar or sonar which evaluate the target by machine at Carnegie Mellon University becoming the
interpreting the echoes from sound waves first Internet-connected appliance, able to report its
respectively. It generates high frequency sound waves inventory and whether newly loaded drinks were
and evaluates the echo which is received back by the cold. Mark Weiser's seminal 1991 paper on
sensor. ubiquitous computing, "The Computer of the 21st
Ultrasonic transducer is a device that Century", as well as academic venues such as
converts energy into ultrasound. It used commonly UbiComp and PerCom produced the contemporary
for measuring the flow rates of the fluids, the level of vision of IoT. In 1994 Reza Raji described the concept
the liquid, displacement of the object and many more. in IEEE Spectrum as "moving small packets of data
12 milliseconds’ is the time taken for the ultrasound to a large set of nodes, so as to integrate and automate
waves to travel the maximum distance of meter. This everything from home appliances to entire factories".
system of distance measurement does not require Between 1993 and 1996 several companies proposed
large amount of memory hence a 20 pin 8051 based solutions like Microsoft's at Work or Novell's NEST.
microcontroller AT89CC2051, is chosen as a However, only in 1999 did the field start gathering
controller with 12MHz clock. momentum. Bill Joy envisioned Device to Device
The Ultrasonic distance meter works by (D2D) communication as part of his "Six Webs"
transmitting a short pulse that performs the operation framework, presented at the World Economic Forum
of giving the switching signal, and computing the at Davos in 1999.
distance. Frequency is the number of waves that pass The term "Internet of Things" was coined by
a fixed point in unit time; the number of cycles or Peter T. Lewis in a 1985 speech given at a U.S.
vibrations undergone during one unit of time by a Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
body periodic motion [8]. supported wireless session at the Congressional Black
A thing, in the Internet of Things (IoT), can be Caucus 15th Legislative Weekend Conference. In his
a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm animal speech, he states that "The Internet of Things, or IoT,
with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has is the integration of people, processes and technology
built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire pressure with connectable devices and sensors to enable
is low -- or any other natural or man-made object that remote monitoring, status, manipulation and
can be assigned an IP address and provided with the evaluation of trends of such devices."
ability to transfer data over a network On December 30, 2013 Espressif Systems began
In electronic communication, Internet of Things production of the ESP8266. The ESP8266 is a Wi-Fi
(IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, SoC integrated with a Tensilica Xtensa LX106 core,
mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or widely used in IoT applications. NodeMCU started
people that are provided with unique identifiers and on 13 Oct 2014, when Hong committed the first file
the ability to transfer data over a network without of nodemcu-firmware to GitHub. Two months later,
requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer the project expanded to include an open-hardware
interaction. platform when developer Huang R committed the
As of 2016, the vision of the Internet of things gerber file of an ESP8266 board, named devkit v0.9.
has evolved due to a convergence of multiple Later that month, Tuan PM ported MQTT client
technologies, including ubiquitous wireless library from Contiki to the ESP8266 SoC platform,
communication, real-time analytics, machine and committed to NodeMCU project, then NodeMCU
learning, commodity sensors, and embedded systems. was able to support the MQTT IoT protocol, using
This means that the traditional fields of embedded Lua to access the MQTT broker. Another important
systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems, update was made on 30 Jan 2015, when Devsaurus
automation (including home and building ported the u8glib to NodeMCU project, enabling

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Journal of Engineering
NodeMCU to easily drive LCD, Screen, OLED, even fluid level (3V, level). After being calibrated, the
VGA displays [9]. sensor will return a value of 0 to 3 volts linear with
Microcontroller is an integrated circuit that has the liquid level [11].
a central processing unit, input/output interfaces, and Water-level Monitoring Station (WLMS) is a
peripherals such as timers, RAM, ROM, and a clock monitoring equipment geared with ultrasonic sensors
generator. PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller) is a that measure the rate of water level. Ultrasonic
family of modified Harvard architecture sensors calculate time interval between sending the
microcontrollers made by Microchip Technology. signal and receiving the echo to determine water
PICs are popular with both industrial developers and level. Collected data are sent wirelessly, via cellular
hobbyists alike due to their low cost, wide network, as a text message. Every WLMS has an
availability, large user base, extensive collection of ASTI- developed arQ, which serves as the
application notes, availability of low cost or free minicomputer that intelligently controls all functions
development tools, and serial programming (and re and data communications of the station.
programming with flash memory) capability. One of The Water Level Monitoring Station (WLMS)
the most useful features of a PIC microcontroller is aims to aid with critical flood prone areas through
that one can re-program it as it uses flash memory. flood monitoring and forecasting. The sensor
One can either program a PIC microcontroller using calculates the time interval between sending the
an assembler or a high level language. PICs have a set signal and receiving the echo to determine the water
of registers that function as general purpose RAM. level. The information collected is then transmitted to
Special purpose control registers for on-chip a central server at a predefined interval via SMS [12].
hardware resources are also mapped into the data A solar-powered fish pond management
space. ICSP (In Circuit Serial Programming) is the system for fish farming conservation is a fish
next most important benefit. Instead of transferring conservation is a concern due to the impact of
the chip from the programmer to the development industrial fishing that causes overfishing. Fish
board just leave it in the board. One can re-program farming has been an approach to fish conservation
the device while it's still in the circuit so once the and systems are required to monitor ecosystems. This
programmer is setup you can leave it on the bench and paper describes the design of a solar powered
test the programs without moving the chip around and autonomous fish pond management system that can
it makes the whole process much easier. be used for fish conservation. The system consists of
The microcontroller executes the program loaded a floating node, equipped with sensors, that is able to
in its flash memory. This is the so called executable regulate the water’s PH and also dispense food into
code that comprised of seemingly meaningless the water as necessary. It is found that the system is
sequence of zeros and ones. It is organized in 12-, 14- able to successfully control the pond’s temperature
or 16-bit wide words, depending on the and dissolved oxygen [13].
microcontroller’s architecture. Every word is Global Water's GL 500 submersible
considered by the CPU as a command being executed temperature sensor is a rugged reliable water
during the operation of the microcontroller [10]. temperature measuring device. The temperature
transmitter probe is molded to 25 ft. of marine grade
AquaPlumb – Water Level Sensors cable, with lengths up to 500 ft. available upon
The sensing probe element consists of a special request. The temperature sensor has a two-wire
wire cable which is capable of accurately sensing the configuration for minimum current draw. The
surface level of nearly any fluid, including water, temperature transmitter's electronics are completely
saltwater, and oils. encapsulated in marine grade epoxy within a
The sensor element is electrically insulated and stainless-steel housing (online version has x 6 inch
isolated from the liquid into which is inserted, and PVC pipe nipple, threaded both ends with cap).
will not corrode over time. Global Water'sGL500Temperature Recorder adds
The AquaPlumb water level sensor can be easily recording capabilities to the temperature transmitter.
calibrated to nearly any range and any fluid level (0V, The GL500 Temperature Recorder connects to the
level), and the other button records the maximum

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temperature sensor's 4-20mA output to record data. In Hence inside the tunnels unless your water
addition, Global Water offers the PC320 [14]. temperatures are reaching above 30C you will not
Analog-Digital Converter for measuring the need to vent the hot air out of the tunnel in order to
water level AN0 input analog voltage from prevent your fish from boiling alive. It is a myth to
potentiometer is used to measure. The LM35 think that tilapia will grow faster at temperatures
temperature sensor inputs AN1 and AN2 in Figure-5a above 28C. they will not. All that happens with over
'tensions from the following link (+ AN1, - AN2) has warm water is that the oxygen carrying capacity
been used to measure. In addition, the LCD screen in reduces as the temperature increases and you run the
dark conditions could be read easily in Figure-6 risk of asphyxiating your fish. In our tunnels when the
'following the light-sensitive resistor (LDR) using a temperatures hit 30C we open the flaps at either end
transistor switching circuit is used [15]. and allow the tunnel to cool down a little by allowing
Blynk is a platform with IOS and Android apps air flow through the tunnel [18].
to control Arduino, Raspberry Pi and the likes over Wireless monitoring of the PH, NH4+ and
the internet. Temperature in a fish farm, a practical application
It’s a digital dashboard where can you build a for wireless sensor networks (WSN): The sensing of
graphic interface for your project by simply dragging the PH, NH4+ and temperature for a fish farm. Two
and dropping widgets. different kinds of modules were designed: to sensor
It’s really simple to set everything up and you’ll and the wireless module. The sensor module includes
start tinkering in less than 5mins. PH and NH4+ sensors based on a specially designed
Blynk is not tied to some specific board or shield. ISFET. The sensor module collects and transmits the
Instead, it’s supporting hardware of your choice. information to the wireless module by means of a
Whether your Arduino or Raspberry Pi is linked to the 9600 b/s asynchronous wired communication. The
internet over Wi-Fi, Ethernet or this new ESP8266 wireless node, retransmit it to the central unit via RF.
chip, Blynk will get you online and ready for the The WSN follows the standard IEEE 802.15.4 and
Internet of your things [16]. implements a routing protocol based on Zigbee. the
Automated Monitoring System for the Fish aims of this work are (1) show the ISFET developed
Farm Aquaculture Environment, this panel will to monitor PH and NH4, (2) show the design of the
establish an automated monitoring system of wireless whole sensor module and (3) show the
sensor networks for a fish farm Environment implementation of the WSN [19].
Simulation. This system allows a user with a mobile The Fish Farm Automated Precision Auto
device to monitor the fish farm Environmental Data Feeder, This Fish Farm can automatically remove
with Instant mastery and control over the various fish waste every few hours, day and night,
environment data. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, maintaining excellent water quality. You don’t have
PH value and water level sensing modules are any fish waste to handle or waste water to haul.
incorporated in this monitoring system. MCU In the basic system (FF50MA) the filter is
processing is used to capture the physical sensing washed by opening a valve for 20 seconds the pulse
signal. The Zigbee wireless sensor network brings the auto Control Panel (FF50ACP) can be added at any
data to a central processing core [17]. time to automate filter cleaning and fish feeding and
Tunnel Temperatures, in a well-designed is recommend for heavy fish and feed loading. The
tunnel the air temperatures can reach or exceed 65C basic system supports up to 50 lbs. of fed fish; order
on warmer days. This is vital to achieved because it is the bioreactor (SL94 air pump included, add an SL56
the hot air that warms the ponds that warms the water if ordering as a retrofit) to support up to 125 lbs. of
in the ponds via process called convection or fish [20].
convective heating. Convection occurs simply by heat
being transmitted from a hot source to a cold one via Related Studies
physical contact.
Water generally is an excellent heat reservoir – it The past studies served as an important source for
may take a while to heat the water but once warm it the researchers to collect ideas made by several
takes a long time for it to cool off.

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researchers, which would be a great help in the protocol would determine and senses water level
success of the study. globally.
The study entitled “Water Quality Monitoring The study entitles “A Wireless Sensor Network
and Control for Aquaculture Based on Wireless for Monitoring of Water Level on Drainage
Sensor Networks” [21]. by Daudi S. Simbeye and Systems using ZigBee [23]”, by Ani, Meynard Frizth
Shi Feng Yang of College of Electronic Information A. Chua, Divina A. Cuna, Michael John A. The
and Automation, Tianjin University of Science and proposed system provides a way to monitor remotely
Technology”, designed and presented a wireless drainage conditions and inform authorities of these
sensor monitoring and control system for aquaculture. conditions. This design presents an implementation of
The system can detect and control water quality wireless sensor network in the monitoring of drainage
parameters of temperature, dissolved oxygen content, systems using ZigBee. The use of ZigBee in wireless
pH value, and water level in real-time. The sensor sensor network provides low cost, low power
nodes collect the water quality parameters and consumption, flexible and reliable network which is
transmit them to the base station host computer fast and easy to deploy. Blockages in drainage
through ZigBee wireless communication standard. systems are detected through monitoring of water
The host computer is used for data analysis, levels inside the drainage. The design consists of
processing and presentation using LabVIEW water level sensors which read the water levels and
software platform. The water quality parameters will the ZigBee module is used to wirelessly send this
be sent to owners through short messages from the information back to a central computer that monitors
base station via the Global System for Mobile (GSM) all drainages throughout the area.
module for notification. The experimental evaluation The study entitled “A Water Level Monitoring
of the network performance metrics of quality of Apparatus Interfaced with a UPS Designed for
communication link, battery performance and data River Environments” [24], Charles Emil A.
aggregation was presented. The experimental results Almazan, Erwin Aaron C. Eleria and Carl Patrick T.
show that the system has great prospect and can be Selibio, aims to create a water level monitoring
used to operate in real world environment for system to be tested for river environments and be
optimum control of aquaculture environment. unaffected by factors attributed by rain. The system
The study entitled “Microcontroller Based will incorporate an uninterruptible power supply
Automated Water Level Sensing and Controlling: (UPS) and memory card into its design for continuous
Design and Implementation Issue” [22], by S. M. operation in case of power outages and data accuracy
Khaled Reza, Shah Ahsanuzzaman Md. Tariq, S.M. and contingency. The thesis goal is for the system to
Mohsin Reza, introduced the notion of water level have a minimal accuracy of 90% regardless of
monitoring and management within the context of inaccuracies caused by rain, waves, or power outages.
electrical conductivity of the water. More The sensor is made of four probes which indicate if
specifically, we investigate the microcontroller based the water levels belong to any of the following
water level sensing and controlling in a wired and categories: safe, low, high and critical. The data is
wireless environment. Water Level management then sent to the PIC microcontroller, and then sent to
approach would help in reducing the home power the memory card, which acts as a first-hand data back-
consumption and as well as water overflow. up, and to the GSM module which transmits it as an
Furthermore, it can indicate the amount of water in SMS to selected cellular phone numbers.
the tank that can support Global Water types The study of Ishwar Chandra Murmu and Laloo
including cellular data loggers, satellite data Kumar Yadav “Low Cost Automatic Water Level
transmission systems for remote water monitoring Control for Domestic Applications” [25]. The
system. Moreover, cellular phones with relative high drinking water crisis in India is reaching alarming
computation power and high quality graphical user proportions. It might very soon attain the nature of
interface became available recently. From the user’s global crisis. Hence, it is of utmost importance to
perspective, it is required to reuse such valuable preserve water. In many houses, there is unnecessary
resource in a mobile application. Finally, we wastage of water due to overflow in Overhead Tanks.
proposed a web and cellular based monitoring service Automatic Water Level Controller can provide a

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 AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE
Journal of Engineering
solution to this problem. The operation of water level temperature sensor is measured and displayed on the
controller works upon the fact that water conducts LCD screen.
electricity. So, water can be used to open or close a The study entitled “Portable Water Level
circuit. As the water level rises or falls, different Indicator” [32]. by Muhammad Syafiq Bin Yusuf, to
circuits in the controller send different signals. develop a low-cost portable water level indicator
The study of Symoon Hasan, MD.Faisal Karim using PIC microcontroller with LCD output, buzzer
and A.N.M Nazeb Hasan “Wireless water level and LED indicators for water level. The aim of the
indicator” [26]. Easy installation, low maintenance, portable water level indicator is to sense the
fully automatic saves manpower, consume very little accumulating water outside the house and the river
energy and shows clear indication levels. The study depth. At the same time, the alarm will alert the user
used RF modules Tx433 and Rx433, HC-SR04, about the water level by using LCD and LED
ultrasonic sensor, Encoder HT12E and Decoder indicators. A buzzer will sound when the water level
HT12D, LCD, display Arduino uno and Resistors. reaches a critical level determined by the user. The
The study of Gallagher “Wireless water level height of water that will be displayed by the LCD can
monitoring” [27]. aim up to 9 tank monitors, ultra- be changed accordingly to the user’s need. The LED
long range wireless connectivity, easy to operate and indicators will light up one by one according to the
install. The study used Cable sensor, LED, Multi level of the water that is accumulating outside the
directional antenna and Desktop touch screen display. house.
The study of Glodar Llie “Parking sensor” [17]. The study entitled “Design and Implementation
Measuring distance use to park a car using HC-SR04 of a Fully Automated Water Level Indicator” [33].
ultrasonic sensor, ESP8266 nodemcu 12E and by Neena Mani, Sudheesh T.P, Vinu Joseph, Titto
Smartphone. It is proximity sensors for road vehicles V.D, and Shamnas P.S, r a programmed
designed to alert the driver to obstacles while parking. microcontroller is the basic component for the water
These systems use ultrasonic sensors. level indicator. ATmega 32A microcontroller is helps
The study of Jones, Callos and Marindoque to indicate the level of water or any other conducting
“Flood Monitoring System” [29]. the aim of the liquid. With the help of an LCD display we can see
study is monitoring water level using HC-SR04 all the level of the water contained in a tank or in any
ultrasonic sensor, LCD display, LED and Buzzer. it is other vessels. A liquid level sensor (transistor circuit)
a system developed to monitor the changes of water detects the present level of the liquid in the tank in
level and send an alert to user via GSM immediately terms of the voltage across transistor and feeds it to
whenever a system defined alert condition occurs. the microcontroller and the microcontroller generates
The study of Jomar S. Vitales, Lowell D. Villajin, a corresponding output text which in then displayed
Froilan G. Destreza, David V. Ricafranca and Victor in the LCD. If the water level is full, then the circuits
Michael R. Rodriguez “Portable water level beeps through the buzzer notifying that the water
monitoring system via SMS” [30]. Portable, easily level is full.
install, more than 200 cell phone number can have The study entitled “Intelligent Fishpond
received information. The study used float sensor, Monitoring System Based on STM32 and Zigbsee”
Arduino uno, 2 GSM module, 2 relays, Solar panel, [34]. the study is designed to monitor the temperature
Strobe light, Siren horn and battery. and dissolved oxygen content in the fishpond,
The study of Ozcan Centinkaya and Hilmi Kuscu especially to ensure that dissolved oxygen content in
“Measurement of Water Level and Temperature” the fishpond is enough for aquaculture. This fishpond
[31]. a water tank as a percentage of the water level monitoring system is designed based on stm32 and
measurement and the temperature of the water in the Zigbee wireless transmission technology. This study
tank is measured. For this purpose, the water level uses Zigbsee to build up a sensor network to monitor
tank through a potentiometer between 0-5V analog multi fishponds. Data acquisition unit to the stm32
voltage into a microcontroller with the help of shown master controller. These data can be used to generate
on the LCD screen. Temperature of the water in the a control strategy, which can control the oxygen-
tank again with the help of semiconductor enriching machine to produce enough oxygen for
aquaculture in the most optimized way.

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Journal of Engineering
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