Sample Test

Page: 1 2 3 4 5 (Next)
00:26:43

Instructions
This Sample Test is designed to identify your reading and cognitive capacities; your comfort with
legal English (comfort with legal ideas, concepts, terms, and legal vocabulary); your ability to take
logical decisions and interpret information in an analytical manner; and to make sound judgments
based on your conclusions.

Test Duration: 30 Minutes

This Test is divided into 5 sections:

First Section
Reading Comprehension: This section has been structured to assess your capacity to perceive and
understand the meaning communicated by text.
This section will contain one passage, followed by 5 questions each.

If you wish to submit the test before the time is up, click on µSubmit¶ .

Q1.
Passage:

In 1985 a public interest writ petition was filed by social activist, Mr. M.C. Mehta, under Article 32
of the Constitution of India seeking directions from the Hon¶ble Supreme Court for closure of
various units of Shriram Industries on the grounds that they were hazardous to the community. After
hearing arguments, the three- judge Bench passed judgment on 17.2.1986 permitting Shriram Food
and Fertiliser Industries to restart its power plant and also plants for manufacture of caustic chlorine
including its by-products and recovery plants subject to certain conditions given in the judgment.
The only point to be decided was whether the units should be directed to be removed from their
present location and relocated in another place without much human habitation so that there would
not be any real danger to the health and safety of the people.

While the writ petition was pending, there was a leak of oleum gas from one of the units on 4th and
6th December, 1985. Several applications were filed by the Delhi Legal Aid & Advice Board and the
Delhi Bar Association for award of compensation to the persons who suffered on account of the leak
of oleum gas. When the matter for compensation was heard by a three-judge Bench it was felt that
since the issues raised involved substantial question of law relating to the interpretation of Article 21
and 32 of the Constitution, it should be referred to a larger Bench of five judges.

On behalf of Shriram Industries, a preliminary objection was raised that the Court could not proceed
to decide compensation since there was no claim for compensation in the original writ petition. The
Hon¶ble Court rejected the objection and on the question of compensation, held as follows:

³We must also deal with one other question which was seriously debated before us and that question
is as to what is the measure of liability of an enterprise that is engaged in a hazardous or inherently
dangerous industry if, by reason of an accident occurring in such industry, persons die or are injured.
Does the rule in Rylands v. Fletcher apply or is there any other principle on which the liability can
be determined? The rule in Rylands v. Fletcher was evolved in the year 1866, and it provides that a
person who for his own purposes brings on to his land and collects and keeps there anything likely to
do mischief if it escapes must keep it at his peril and, if he fails to do so, is prima facie liable for the
damage which is the natural consequence of its escape. The liability under this rule is strict, and it is
no defence that the thing escaped without that person's wilful act, default or neglect or even that he
had no knowledge of its existence. This rule laid down a principle of liability that if a person who
brings on to his land and collects and keeps there anything likely to do harm and such thing escapes
and does damage to another, he is liable to compensate for the damage caused.

Of course, this rule applies only to a non-natural user of the land, and it does not apply to things
naturally on the land or where the escape is due to an act of God and an act of a stranger or the
default of the person injured or where the thing which escapes is present by the consent of the person
injured or in certain cases where there is statutory authority.

That this rule evolved in the 19th century, at a time when all these developments of science and
technology had not taken place, cannot afford any guidance in evolving any standard of liability
consistent with the constitutional norms and the needs of the present day economy and social
structure. We need not feel inhibited by this rule which was evolved in the context of a totally
different kind of economy. Law has to grow in order to satisfy the needs of a fast changing society
and keep abreast with the economic developments taking place in the country.

We cannot allow our judicial thinking to be constricted by reference to the law as it prevails in
England or for that matter in any other foreign country. We are of the view that an enterprise which
is engaged in a hazardous or inherently dangerous industry which poses a potential threat to the
health and safety of the persons working in the factory and residing in the surrounding areas owes an
absolute and non-delegable duty to the community to ensure that no harm results to anyone on
account of the hazardous or inherently dangerous nature of the activity which it has undertaken.´

In the context of the passage, which of the following words has nearly the same meaning as
µliability¶?

negligence

responsibility

mistake
 loss

Q2.
Vhy was the writ petition filed even before the oleum gas had leaked?

Because Shriram Industries was carrying on hazardous activity.

Because the industry was located in a populated locality.

Because Shriram Industries was not running efficiently.

Because there was grave danger to the health and safety of people.

Q3.
Following the reasoning in the above passage, if the public suffers injury caused by industrial
activity of a hazardous nature, which of the following would be true:

The industry is liable only to pay compensation but not criminally liable unless guilty of
negligence.

Liable to pay compensation as well as criminally liable.

Liable only to pay compensation but not criminally liable.

No liability unless there is negligence.

Q4.
Vhy did the Court not follow the µrule¶ in Rylands v. Fletcher?

Because the rule had evolved in the nineteenth century.

Because the rule is flawed.

Because the rule is not adequate to meet the requirements of modern industrial societies.

Because the rule had evolved in England.

Q5.
Nuclear power generation is an inherently hazardous activity. There is a proposed Bill to limit
liability in case of a nuclear accident to USD 1500 million. Vould such a Bill be contrary to the
rule set out in the above passage?
 Yes - the Shriram case states that because liability is limited it cannot be limited in
amount.

Yes - nuclear liability is inherently hazardous and therefore cannot be limited to an

amount.

No - the rule in Rylands v. Fletcher can be applied and liability can be limited to USD
1500 million.

No - the rule in the Shriram case refers only to the type of liability and not the amount of
liability.

Save Attempt Submit And Close Next Page

c
c

lj >

rl tst

Change picture
k r s it
 
L w st t
 
t

 
st is yL w
cc
t sttis

ts
Sample Test
Page: (Prev) 1 2 3 4 5 (Next)
00:25:45

Instructions
Second Section
Para-jumbles: In this section, you will be given a paragraph in which the sentences have been
rearranged. Choose the option that follows the proper sequence of the sentences. This test will enable
you to showcase your attention to detail and visualization ability.
This section will contain 3 questions.

If you wish to submit the test before the time is up, click on µSubmit¶ .

Q1.
Directions: In the following question, a paragraph containing four sentences (i ± iv) has been
jumbled up. Choose the option that follows the proper sequence of the four sentences.

i. While apprehending the ³ordinary´ criminal is sometimes an exhausting yet surprisingly

straightforward process, it is the seemingly motiveless crime that presents a more difficult and
complex conundrum.

ii. One method of describing such subjects is criminal profiling.

iii. How can law enforcement pinpoint an unknown subject whose acts appear utterly random and
irrational to any sane observer?

iv. Perhaps more art than strict science, profiling is based on careful observation of physical
evidence, the deduction of specific evidentiary patterns, and the extrapolation of those patterns into a
relatively detailed description of the behavioural and psychological characteristics of a possible
perpetrator.

iii., iv., i., ii.

ii., iii., iv., i.

i., iii., ii., iv.

iii., ii., i., iv.

Q2.
Directions: In the following question, a paragraph containing four sentences (i ± v) has been
jumbled up. Choose the option that follows the proper sequence of the four sentences.

i. Such harassment can be either physical stalking or cyber stalking.

ii. Either type of action may or may not be accompanied by a credible threat of serious harm.

iii. But both types can cause psychological damage, and each can potentially lead to an assault or
even murder.

iv. Stalking refers to harassing or threatening behaviour that is engaged in repeatedly.

v. Physical stalking is following someone, appearing at a person¶s home or place of business, making
harassing phone calls, leaving written messages or objects, or vandalizing one¶s property, while
cyber stalking involves using the Internet or other electronic means to harass.

iii., v., iv., i., ii.

ii., iii., iv., i., v.

iv., i., v., ii., iii.

 iii., v., ii., i., iv.

Q3.
Directions: The first (S1) and the sixth (S6) sentences of a passage are given below. The
intervening five sentences (i ± v) have been removed and jumbled up. Choose the option that
follows the most logical sequence of these five sentences.

S1: In addition to civil rights such as free speech, radical feminists are also trying, in effect, to
dismantle equal protection in the criminal code.

S6: The overweening power men theoretically possess in the "patriarchy" in which we live is used as
justification for eviscerating the rights of actual men.

i. They have worked to create a new procedural defence for such women--the battered woman
syndrome, which, if taken to its logical extreme, could free any woman who committed violent
crimes.

ii. Of course, there is no reason to think that such encroachments on procedural process will remain
confined only to rape cases; but to those feminists who dismiss autonomy, liberty, and privacy as
mere male illusions, that is not a matter of great concern.

iii. In their well-founded concern with violent crimes against women--particularly rape and domestic
battery--the radicals are intent on eliminating many procedural protections for men accused of such
crimes.

iv. At the same time, radical feminists are taking exactly the reverse doctrinal approach to cases of
women who kill their partners.

v. This paradox suggests that to the radical feminists, procedural protections belong exclusively to
women.

iii., v., iv., ii., i

iv., i., v., ii., iii.

iii., ii., iv., i., v.

iii., iv., v., i., ii

„
i  „



 

 i l 
„


 i  
   itist yLwF
ck 
Q
? r s ri s(c) Rik r.  s s
t www.rik r.c .i
yLw is  st i w
 Fir  3.5 
 .
c

c
lj > rl t st

Change picture
kr s it

Lw st
t

t
stis yLw
!cc
t s ttis
"t s
Sample Test
Page: (Prev) 1 2 3 4 5 (Next)
00:25:06

Instructions
Third Section
Cloze Test: This section will have a paragraph with missing words or phrases. You are expected to
complete the paragraph by choosing the best options from the words and phrases provided.

If you wish to submit the test before the time is up, click on 'Submit'.

Q1.
Paragraph:

Carbon capture is the only way to burn fossil fuels without damaging the environment and our future
will _____(11)_______ it. The technology is here but has not really begun to be _____(I2)_______.

Carbon capture means collecting carbon dioxide gas from coal, oil or gas-fired power stations and
storing it _____(13)_______ underground (sequestration). It is the most important way to reduce
carbon _____(14)_______in electricity production is available now and could be _____(15)_______
very rapidly.

(11)

run on

depend on

trust upon

balance on

Q2.
(12)

imparted

ordered

demonstrated

implemented

Q3.
(13)

permanently

temporarily

sporadically

infrequently

Q4.
(14)

access

emission
 mitosis

solution

Q5.
(15)

scaled into

scaled away

scaled up

scaled over

# $
P eviou Page
%% & %
Save A e p &% $
Sub i And Clo e
%
Nex Page

Co'ing Soon
.
?e ()* and Condi+ion*Abou+ )yLawFeedback and Que(ie*(c) Rain 'ake ,. Co'e -ee u-
a www. ,ain 'ake ,.co.in
)yLaw i* be*+ viewed on Fi(eox 3.5 and above.
c

c
lj > rl t st

Change picture
kr s
it
Lw st

t
/t
0
stis yLw
1cc
t s ttis
2t s
Sample Test
Page: (Prev) 1 2 3 4 5 (Next)
00:24:28

Instructions
Fourth Section
Vocabulary and Usage: This section contains questions that will test your general English
proficiency and legal vocabulary.
This section consist of three questions.

If you wish to submit the test before the time is up, click on µSubmit¶ .

Q1.
The phrase ex aequo et bono used in legal parlance means:

a hung jury

lack of evidence
 in the course of the trial

according to what is just and good

Q2.
Force majeure used in legal parlance means:

circumstances beyond one¶s control

a catastrophe

a forced statement

beyond any doubt

Q3.
Choose the option that is misspelled.

Controversal

Asperity

Proscribed

Plausible

„
i„



  i l

„


 i  
?
  ii  yLwF

ck Q
i
(c)Ri k
.



www. i k
.c.i 
yLwi
i
w
 Fi
3.5 
.
c

c
lj > rl t st

Change picture
kr s
it
Lw st

t
3t
4
stis yLw
5cc
t s ttis
6t s
Sample Test
Page: (Prev) 1 2 3 4 5
00:24:01

Instructions
Fifth Section
Precis: In this section, you will be given a passage, followed by a précis with five missing portions.
Read the passage first, and then complete the précis by choosing from amongst the options provided.

If you wish to submit the test before the time is up, click on µSubmit¶ .

Q1.
Directions: In the following test, there is a passage followed by a precis of the passage that has
five blanks (17 ± 21). Read the passage carefully and then choose the option that best fits into
each blank of the precis.

When people indulge in activities like smoking, they turn out to be chain smokers. Anyone can
easily label them that way or say that they have an obsessive possession over their newfound habit.
We can also term them as addicts which literally means ³the state of being enslaved to a habit or
practice or to something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming like narcotics´, to such
an extent that its cessation causes severe trauma. It takes tremendous effort to jump off that
bandwagon. Merely abstaining from it will not suffice; the addict must get rid of the desire to engage
in it, to be completely free. It is not enough to simply stop smoking. There must be a conscious effort
to move away from it permanently.
A study published in the journal Addiction indicates that there may be a gene responsible for
addiction. But blaming the gene complicates life for the addict. A combination of factors, other than
genes, determines whether an individual becomes an addict. Some people are put off by the foul
taste of their first cigarette. It takes effort to suppress the instinct to cough and choke. Others just
cannot be bothered to go through the learning process. Yet others find that their bodies cannot
tolerate the poisoning. Children of addicts have a higher chance of becoming addicts themselves
because they are exposed to the substance early.
Millions of intelligent people choose to smoke everyday, fully aware of the risks, because false ideas
about their habit force them to continue it against their better judgement. They believe they lack
sufficient will power to quit. They also presume that they have addictive personalities, and that they
have a self-destructive tendency.
These beliefs are false. Smokers will walk miles in the middle of the night if they run out of
cigarettes, proving that they can be strong willed. Secondly, the personality is not addictive; nicotine
is. Thirdly, I say to smokers who think they have a self-destructive streak, ³Before you light your
next cigarette, try jumping off the roof.´

It is time they realize that cigarettes cannot give them a fillip in life; it only frees them temporarily
from disengaging themselves from smoking another one. This engaging and disengaging activity
causes a viscous cycle: light a fresh cigarette only to withdraw from the previous one. This process
gets repeated making the person believe he is an addict and that the habit cannot be kicked.

On the contrary, a non-smoker never has such a desire in the first place to feel that he has to cling to
any such habit. This mental state can be cured through treating and training the mind in the right
way. The key is to understand how addiction works. Addicts fear that they cannot cope without their
drug. They also fear that they may never be completely free of the craving. These fears drive the
addiction; addicts must realize that they are not making sacrifices by quitting.

Having taken the first fix of a substance, say a drug, an empty, insecure feeling is created as the drug
leaves the body. When another fix is taken, the feeling is temporarily reduced; the addict feels the
illusion of pleasure. In reality, what the addict is feeling is just what he felt before taking the first fix.
It is like wearing tight shoes just for the relief of taking it off.

There are no external remedies for getting rid of this problem. Smokers feel desperate for a puff and
get conned into believing that the only solution to get relief is by continuing to be in that state. They
feel deprived of it and long to be under its domination. Treatment regimes like pills, patches or
potions are not going to bring any respite to their frustrated mental state of wanting to be addict-
free.

Now a first-class solution for the ones who desire to quit smoking is to carry on smoking and zero in
to a date they must kick this habit. They must train their minds to continue till they want to, but after
making up their mind, there¶s no going back. They must wait for that golden moment when they say
µenough is enough¶. They must not feel deprived or be miserable. Don¶t cut down before hand
because that makes cigarettes seem more precious. Look forward to stopping.
Again, telling yourself, after quitting, that you took only a puff is not accepted because one puff or a
single cigarette or a whole pack is all one and the same. It just shows that you have indulged in the
habit again. It is like getting back to square one.
Lastly, if you think switching over to popping a chocolate would take the edge off smoking, you are
wrong because you end up indulging in consuming saccharine, i.e. you¶ll bulge at your waist and
land up getting even more frustrated. If you replace cigarettes with chocolate, you will gain weight
and be miserable.

Here¶s an attempted précis of the passage.

Yes, You Can!

Addiction is not having control over an activity, to the point of it being harmful to the individual¶s
physical and mental state, for instance, smoking. But the secret to coming out of it is not to quit
smoking but having the desire to extinguish every puff.

Being genetically programmed to having an ______(17)_________ to smoking, its offensive odour

or its toxicity or simply that nasty cough after a puff could be reasons for not indulging in this
activity. Smokers in the family sub-consciously ______(18)_______ their offspring which makes
them susceptible to indulging themselves effortlessly in these activities early on in life. Thus, it is
______(19)_________ which transforms predisposition into addiction.

It is a myth when the intellectual classes opine that they cannot get rid of this habit as they are either
weak-minded or have some kind of personality disorder. Had they been weak-minded, they would
have suicidal tendencies instead of craving for a puff. Hence, it is the nicotine in the cigarette that
possesses them and not some personality disorder.

In reality, smokers do not receive a ______(20)_________ from chain smoking; it only relieves the
withdrawal symptoms from the previous cigarette. More of them are created once the new cigarette
is finished. Thus, the addiction perpetuates itself. It takes no will power to stop doing something that
an individual has no desire to do. Smokers realize this once their doubts about stopping have been
cognitive remedy.

The difficulty in kicking a drug is not physical withdrawal, but the feeling of deprivation. No pills,
patches or potions can address it. Making a resolution to quit and complying by it is the answer.
Look forward to stopping. Do not assume that you are going to feel deprived and miserable. You are
not giving up or quitting. Instead, decide that you are going to stop ______(21)_______.

(17)

affinity

aversion
 indulgence

insidious

Q2.
(18)

influence

confluence

coax

persuade

Q3.
(19)

either nurture or nature

not nurture, but nature

neither nurture nor nature

nurture, not nature

Q4.
(20)

answer

solace

fillip

addiction

Q5.
(21)

over and over again

 once in a blue moon

once and for all

in all

7 8
P eviou Page
99 : 9
Save A e p :9
Sub i

;o<ig Soo
B =>? a
 o
i@ioAbou@>yLawFee
backa
Que=ie(c)Rai <ake A. o<eeeu
?e
a www. Aai <ake A.co.i
>yLawibeviewe
oFi=eo3.5a
above.
c

c
c