Principles of Social Work  Make decisions about the patterns of reproduction

Definition of Social Work: towards enhancing quality of life.

“Social work as a professional activity of helping individuals, g. Income Maintenance
groups or communities enhance or restore their capacity for  Public assistance – financial aid to the poor.
social functioning and creating societal conditions favorable  It includes cash grants, food stamps, general
to the goal.” assistance such as hospital and medical care, and
- National Association of Social Workers, United States supplemental security income.
“Social work as a field within human services and a part of  Social Insurance – social provisions that are funded
services of the government. It considers social work as an by employers and employees through contributions
important service to the society focusing on the individuals to a specific program.
and families in need.”  Other forms - Cash in kind benefits, emergency
- United Nations Economic, Social and Cultural Organization, support funds, and other resources that can be used
by the poor for food and shelter.
2000
“Social work as a practical profession designed at helping Social Work as an Equal Partner
people address their problems and matching them with the a. Support for people in their own homes program
resources they need to lead healthy and productive lives.”  Helping older people remain in their homes and
- Australian Association of Social Workers linking them with community programs such as
“Social work profession promotes social change, problem health care, meals and home care services.
solving in human relationships, empowerment and liberation b. Support for people in the long term care facilities
of people to enhance well being. ”  Refers to nursing homes or other group living
-IASSW and IFSW, 2004 facilities.
“Social work as an APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE of helping c. Community Services
people achieve an effective level of psychosocial functioning  Community organization activities – gathering and
and effecting societal changes to enhance the well being of analysis of data, matching delivery of services to the
people.” population distribution, securing funds, coordination
-Cox and Pawar, 2006 with existing agencies and educating the general
Scope of Social Work public about the services.
1. Social Work as Primary Discipline  Community planning – involvement of social workers
a. Adoption and services to unmarried parents with the physical, economic and health planners in
 Difficult decision to keep the baby or place it for the long range planning of communities.
adoption Social Work as a Secondary Discipline
 Applies both individual and group counseling to a. Correctional Facilities – provide counseling and link
assist women in making decisions them to the outside world, provide support upon
b. Foster Care release.
 Removing children from homes and placing them to b. Industry – Support to both managers and
foster homes temporarily employees. Serves as basis for development
 Works with the parent, child and court to administer c. Medical and Health care – attend to the social and
court decisions to remove a child due to detrimental psychological factors contributing to the medical
situations condition of the patients.
c. Residential Care d. Schools
 Group care home or a residential treatment center  Facilitate the provision of direct educational and
social services and provide direct social case work
 These are for children exhibiting anti-social
and group work to selected students
behaviors that require intensive treatment
d. Support in own home  Act as pupil advocate focusing on the urgent needs
of the selected students
 Support services to keep children in their own homes
 Consult with school administrators major problems
 Counseling, family consultations, clients with
toward a planned service approach
appropriate institutions such as day care centers and
home maker services.  Consult with teachers about techniques for creating
a free and motivating climate for children by
e. Protective Services
interpreting social and cultural influences
 Protecting the child from abuse, maltreatment,
exploitation by parents.  Use of peers to help a troubled child
 Seeks to protect the child without infringing the  Organize parent and community groups to channel
rights of parents concerns
f. Family Services  Develop and maintain liaison between the school
 Family counseling involves family case work, family and social work
group work and family therapy  Provide leadership in coordination of student
 Family life education strengthens family services in guidance, clinic staff, psychologists and
attendants
relationships through educational activities to
prevent family breakdown Principles of Social Work
f. Family Services 1. Acceptance
 Respecting clients under different circumstances
 Family planning involves planning the number,
spacing and timing of child births to fit with their  Understanding the meaning and causes of clients
needs. behavior
  Recognizing people’s strength and potentials, The Science of Politics
weakness and limitation. 1. It is the basic knowledge and understanding of the
2. Client’s participation in Problem Solving state and the principles and ideals which underlie its
 Client is expected to participate in the process. organization and activities.
 Participates in planning ways in resolving problem 2. It is primarily concerned with the association of
 Identifying resources to solve human beings into ‘body politic’ or in political
 Act through the available resources community.
3. Self-determination 3. It deals with those relations among men and groups
 Individual, groups and communities who are in need which are subject to control by the state with the
have the right to determine their needs and how relations of men and groups to the state itself and the
they should be met. relations of the state to another state.
4. Individualization Stages in the Study of Political Science
 Understanding client’s unique characteristics and 1. Religious Stage- the government, its leaders and laws
different methods each client. was considered as divine or divinely inspired.
5. Confidentiality 2. Metaphysical Stage- the state was considered as a
 Client should be accorded with appropriate human institution, and it is, therefore, absolute
projection, within the limits of the law, with no any (cannot be changed)
harm that might result from the information given 3. Modern Stage- the state was deemed capable of
to the social worker. being improved by rulers and subjects according to
6. Worker self-awareness certain principles and laws.
 Social worker consciously examines her feelings, Approaches to Defining Politics
judgments, biases, responses whether it is  In Heywood citing Hay (2002) and Leftwich (2004)
professionally motivated. identified two broad approaches:
7. Client Worker Relationship a. Politics as an Arena of location- In here, politics is
associated with an arena or area, in which case
 The client is in need of help in social functioning and
behavior becomes ‘political because of where it takes
the worker is in the position to help.
place. This includes the art of government and public
affairs.
Philippine Politics and Governance: The Concepts of Politics
b. Politics as a Process or mechanism- In which case
and Governance
‘political’ behavior is behavior that exhibits distinctive
What is Politics?
characteristics or qualities, and so can take place in
• Is the study of “who gets what, when, and how” as
any, and perhaps all, social contexts. It includes
Harold Laswell states.
compromise and consensus, and power and the
• Is the exercise of power, science of government, the
distribution of resources.
making of collective decisions, the allocations of
What is Governance?
scarce resources and the practice of deception and
• Governance was defined as “the process of decision-
manipulation.
making and the process by which decisions are
• It could also viewed as “the process of making
implemented (or not implemented)”.
government policies”
• Good governance assures that corruption is
• ARISTOTLE- wrote the first systematic work focused
minimized, the views of minorities are taken into
on political affairs known as Politics that named him
account and that the voices of the most vulnerable in
the Father of Political Science.
society are heard in decision-making.
• Niccolo Machiavelli- father of Modern Political
Characteristics of Good Governance (UNESCO for Asia and
Science, wrote the “The Prince” a handbook for rulers
the Pacific)
in the art of government.
• Participation
• Political Science is defined as the systematic study of
• As one of the aspects of good governance, by
political and governmental institutions and process.
both men and women, must partake directly
(Ranney, 1995)
or indirectly in every governmental process.
• It is a discipline that seeks to understand the
• Rule of Law
relationship between individual and political
• The rule of law means to say that good governance
institutions.
manifested through the impartiality of fair legal
• Political Institutions defined as collections of relevant
framework
rules and routines that determines appropriate
• Transparency.
actions regarding relations between roles and
• means that decisions were taken, their enforcement
situations involving the determination of what the
are done in a manner that follows rules and
situation is, what role is being fulfilled, and what
regulation.
obligation of that part in the situation is. (Peters,
• It also means that information is freely available and
2012)
directly accessible to those who will be affected by
Characteristics of Politics (Shievely, 2013)
such decisions and their enforcement.
1. Politics always involves the making of collective
• It also means that enough information is provided
decisions for group of people;
and that it is provided in easily understandable forms
2. Those decisions are made by some members of the
and media.
group exercising power over other members of the
• Responsiveness.
group.
 • Good governance requires that institutions and 1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time
processes try to serve all stakeholders within a of the adaptation of this Constitution;
reasonable timeframe. 2. Those whose fathers or mother are citizens of the
• Consensus oriented. Philippines.
• Good governance requires mediation of the different 3. Those born on January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers,
interests in society to reach a broad consensus in who elect Philippine citizenship on reaching the age
society on what is in the best interest of the whole of majority; and
community and how this can be achieved. 4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
• Consensus oriented. Natural-Born Citizens
• It also requires a broad and long-term perspective on • Are those who are citizens of the of the Philippines
what is needed for sustainable human development from birth without having to perform any act to
and how to achieve the goals of such development. acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship.
• Effectiveness and efficiency. • Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the
• Good governance means that processes and manner provided by law.
institutions produce results that meet the needs of Two Ways of Losing Citizenship
society while making the best use of resources at • 1. Voluntarily
their disposal. • a. by naturalization in a foreign country
• The concept of efficiency in the context of good • b. by express renunciation of citizenship
governance also covers the sustainable use of natural • c. by supporting the constitution and laws of a foreign
resources and the protection of the environment. country
• Accountability • d. by rendering service to the armed forces of a
• Accountability is a crucial requirement for good foreign country
governance. Ways of Reacquiring Citizenship
• Not only governmental institutions but also the • a. by the repatriation of deserters of the Philippine
private sector and civil society organizations must be armed forces
accountable to the public and their institutional • b. by a direct act of the Congress
stakeholders. • c. by naturalization
Citizenship • Citizens of the Philippines who marry aliens shall
Concept of Citizenship retain their citizenship unless by there act or omission
Citizen they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced
• A member of a democratic community who enjoys it.
full civil and political rights and is accorded protection • The Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the
inside and outside the territory of the State. national interest and shall be dealt with by law.
• Citizens may be regarded by all nations either born in • Dual citizenship is a situation in which a person
their territories or born of their citizens, or it could be simultaneously owes, by some positive act, loyalty to
both. two or more states.
Citizenship • It arises because our laws cannot control laws of
• It denotes membership of a citizen in a political other countries on citizenship.
society which membership implies, reciprocally, a REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9225
duty of allegiance on the part of the members and Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003
duty of protection on the part of the state. • "Natural-born citizens of the Philippines who have
Acquisition of Citizenship lost their Philippine citizenship because of their
Involuntary method naturalization as citizens of a foreign country are at
 By birth because of blood relationship (jus sanguinis) this moment deemed to have re-acquired Philippine
or place of birth (jus soli). citizenship upon taking the oath of allegiance to the
• Membership in a nation is largely involuntary; that is Republic."
most people initially become citizens of a nation and
subject to its rules without any deliberate choice or
conscious act (Ranney, 1995).
Voluntary method
 by naturalization
• Naturalization as cited by De Leon (2014) is the act of
formally adopting a foreigner into the political body
of the state and clothing him with the rights and
privileges of citizenship.
• It is a voluntary method of acquiring citizenship by
renouncing his former citizenship and embracing a
new one.
Obligations of Citizens
1. Loyalty or have a sense of patriotism
2. Obeys law.
3. Participation in political processes.

The following are Citizens of the Philippines