Tugas Bahasa Inggris

Direct and Indirect Speech
1. Direct and Indirect Speech Defination
 Direct Speech
Direct speech is a report of the exact words used by a speaker or

writer. Contrast with indirect speech. Also called direct discourse. Direct
speech is usually placed inside quotation marks and accompanied by a
reporting verb, signal phrase, or quotative frame.
 Speech
Indirect speech is a report on what someone else said or wrote without using that
person's exact words (which is called direct speech). It's also called indirect discourse or
reported speech.
2. Direct and Indirect Speech Differences
 Direct Speech: In direct speech, the actual words (with no change) of speaker
are quoted. The exact words (or actual words) of the speaker are enclosed in
Inverted Commas or Quotation Marks. There is always a comma or a colon after
"said" that introduces the spoken words.
Example : He said, "I am going to School"
 Indirect Speech: In indirect speech, the actual words of the speaker are changed.
The reason for change in actual words is that the actual words have been spoken
by the speaker in past, hence narrating it in the present will require change in
the tense of the actual words. The pronouns of the sentence are also changed
accordingly. The words of speaker are not enclosed in inverted commas or
quotation marks. The word 'that' will be used before the spoken-words of the
speaker.
Example:Indirect Speech: He said that he was going to school.
Converting Direct speech into Indirect Speech

Before learning the rules for conversion of Direct speech into Indirect Speech, you
must learn the following two components of a sentence of Direct Speech.
Reporting Verb: The verb of the first sentence (i.e. she said, he said, she says, they said,
they say etc.) before the actual words of the speaker is called a reporting verb.
Examples:
She said, "I am listening to music".
He says, "You are an intelligent student".
You will say, "T need your help".
Reported Speech: The second sentence (actual words of speaker) that is enclosed in
Inverted Commas or Quotation Marks is called a reported speech.
Examples:
He said,"Lgot ajob in college
" She says, " Iwant to become a doctor"
3. Basic Rules For Indirect Speech Rule
 Rule No. 1. Words of the speaker (reported speech) are not enclosed in Inverted
Commas or Quotation Marks in Indirect Speech.
 Rule No. 2. Usage of word "that": The conjunction "that' is always used between
reporting verb and reported speech in indirect speech.
Example:
Direct Speech: He said, "I write a letter".
Indirect Speech: He said that he wrote a letter.
 Rule No. 3. Change in tense of the reported speech: A change is made in tense
of reported speech for changing a direct speech into indirect speech. If the
reporting verb (or first sentence) of direct speech is either Present tense or
Future tense, no change will be made in the reported speech for making indirect
speech. Only if the reporting verb (or first sentence) of direct speech belongs to
the Past tense, changes will be made in tense reported speech for making
indirect speech.
Examples:
Direct Speech: She said, "I am watching a movie".
Indirect Speech: She said that she was watching a movie (Tense changed)
Direct Speech: He says, "I am playing cricket".
Indirect Speech: He says that he isplaying cricket. (No change in tense)
 Rule No. 4. Changes In Pronoun: The pronoun (or subject) of reported speech
is sometime changed according to the pronoun (or subject) or Obiect of the
reported verb (frst sentence of Direct speech). The possessive pronouns (i.e. his.
her, my, their, your etc) may also changei according to subject or object of the
first sentence.
Examples:
Direct Speech: He said, " Leat two apples".
Indirect Speech: He said that he ate two apples.
Direct Speech: She said to me, " I like your book".
Indirect Speech: She said to me that she liked my book.
 Rule No. 5. Change In Time: If there is time mentioned in the sentence of Direct
speech, the time will be changed in Indirect Speech. There are certain rules
changing the time. i.e. not intothen, tomorrow intothe next day, today intothat
day, yesterday into the previous day.
Examples:
Direct Speech: She said, "I am buying a laptop today".
Indirect Speech: She said that she was buying al laptop that day.
Direct Speech: He said, "I need your now".
Indirect Speech: He said that he needed my help then.

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Direct and Indirect Speech

1. Direct and Indirect Speech Defination

Direct speech is a report of the exact words used by a speaker or

Converting Direct speech into Indirect Speech

3. Basic Rules For Indirect Speech Rule

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