ADJECTIVE/ADVERBS - visheeshaNa

 cennaagi : good/fine : naanu cennaagi iddiini – I fine I-am (I am fine)

kannaDa bhaaShaa kaipiDi – Ready Reckoner
 sundara : beautiful : aishwarya sundara huDugi – Aishwarya is a beautiful girl
 oLLe / oLLeya : nice : idu oLLeya baaLe haNNu – This is a nice banana fruit [email protected]
 keTTa : bad : illi keTTa rastegaLu ive – There are bad roads here ALPHABET - akshara:
 beega / veegavaagi : quick/quickly : manage beega banni! – Come home quick!  Vowels: a aa i ii u uu Ru Ruu e ee ai o oo au aM aH
 nidhaanavaagi / mellane : slow/slowly: mellane naDeyiri! – Walk slowly!  Consonants: (1) ka kha ga gha ~ga (2) ca cha ja jha ~ja (3) Ta Tha Da Dha Na
 doDDa: Big; cikka: Small; ettara: Tall; kuLLa: short; agaLa: broad; saNNa: slim (4) ta tha da dha na (5) pa pha ba bha ma (6) ya ra la va sha Sha sa ha La
 Consonant+Vowels: ka kaa ki kii ku kuu kRu kRuu ke kee kai ko koo kau kaM kaH;
VERBS – kriyaapada - (Samples in Respectful-Plural Imperative Mood): Tha Thaa Thi Thii Thu Thuu ThRu ThRuu The Thee Thai Tho Thoo Thau ThaM ThaH
 maaDi – Do; hoogi – Go; banni – Come; heeLi – Tell; keeLi – Listen/Ask;  Consonant+Consonant+Vowels: kka (as in ‘Mecca’), gra (as in ‘Agra’) etc.
 nooDi – See; nilli – Stand; kuuri – Sit; eeLi – Getup; malagi – Sleep;
 aagi – Become; aaDi – Play; haaDi – Sing; ooDi – Run; naDeyiri – Walk; PRONOUNS - sarvanaama:
 iri – Be; tinni – Eat; kuDiyiri – Drink; kuNiyiri – Jump/Dance; koDi – Give;  naanu : I : naanu rameesha – I am Ramesh; naanu uShaa – I am Usha
 koLLi – Buy; togoLLi – Take; iDi – Keep; oodi – Read; bareyiri - Write  naavu : We : naavu vidhyaarthigaLu – We are students
 niinu : You : niinu yaaru? – Who are you?; niinu sureesha – you are Suresh
VERB FORMS – kriyaa kaalaanuguNa pratyaya ruupagaLu:  niivu : You (respectful singular or plural) : niivu yaaru? – Who are you?
PAST TENSE PRESENT/FUTURE
 avanu / ivanu : He (far/near) : avanu gaNeesha – He is Ganesh
1st Person – Singular maaDidenu – I did maaDuttiini – I (will) do
1st Person – Plural maaDidevu – We did maaDuttiivi – We (will) do  avaLu / ivaLu : She (far/near) : ivaLu naLini – She is Nalini
2nd Person - Singular maaDidi – You did maaDuttiya – You (will) do  avaru / ivaru : He/She/They (far/near) : ivaru shikshakaru – She is a Teacher
2nd Person – Plural/Respct maaDidiri – You did maaDuttiiri – You (will) do  adu / idu : That / This (for neutral objects) : adu pustaka – That is a book
2 Person – Imperative
nd n/a maaDi / maaDiri – You do!  avu / ivu : Those / These : ivu pustakagaLu – These are books
3rd Person – People/Snglr maaDidanu – He did maaDuttaane – He (will) do
maaDidaLu – She did maaDuttaaLe – She will do PRONOUNS – Possessive & Query Forms – sambhandaarthaka, prashNaarthaka
3rd Person – People/Plural maaDidaru – They did maaDuttaare – They will do  naanu > nanna > nannadu > nannadaa? > naanaa? :
3 Person – Neutral-Snglr maaDitu – It did
rd maaDuttade – It will do I > my > mine > is-it-mine? > is-it-me?
3rd Person – Neutral-Plurl maaDidavu – Those did maaDuttave – Those will do adu nanna pustaka – That is my book ; leekhani nannadu – Pen is mine ;
Note1: Replace ‘maaD’ with keeL, nooD, malag, aag, haaD etc. for such fixed root verbs ii patra nannadaa? – Is this letter mine? ; shikshaka naanaa? – Am I the Teacher?
Note 2: Verbs with past/future varying roots: hoo/hoog – ban/bar – koTT/koD – id/ir etc.
 naavu > namma > nammadu > nammadaa? > naavaa? :
VERB NEGATIONS – nakaaraatmaka kriyaapada We > our > our’s > is-it-our’s? > is-it-us?
 maaDalla – Won’t do; heeLalla – Won’t tell; oodalla – Won’t read  niivu > nimma > nimmadu > nimmadaa? > niivaa? :
 maaDilla – Haven’t done; heeLilla – Haven’t told; oodilla – Haven’t read You > your > your’s > is-it-your’s? > is-it-you?
 maaDabeeDi – Don’t do!; heeLabeeDi – Don’t tell!; oodabeeDi – Don’t read!  ivaru > ivara > ivaradu > ivaradaa? > ivaraa? : (a person nearby)
VERB PAIRINGS – jooDi / samyukta kriyaapadagaLu avaru > avara > avaradu > avaradaa? > avaraa? : (a person afar)
 nooDi heeLuttiini – I’ll see & then tell; hoogi baruttiini – I’ll go & come She > Her > Her’s > is-it-her’s? > is-it-her? (or can be He/His…)
 nooDalu heeLuttini – I’ll tell x to see; tinnalu hooguttiini – I’ll go to eat  idu > idara > idaradu > idaradaa? > idaa? : (a thing nearby)
nooDakke heeLuttini – I’ll tell x to see; tinnakke hooguttiini – I’ll go to eat adu > adara > adaradu > adaradaa? > adaa? : (a thing afar)
 nooDade hoogabeeDi – Don’t go without seeing That > of-that > it’s > is-it-it’s? > is-it-that?
TYPICAL CONVERSATION – INTRODUCTION - swaparicaya: A FEW NOUNS – halavu naamapadagaLu:
 K: namaskaara! niivu yaaru? Note: Many common nouns of Indian languages that are from Samskrita, are usable as Kannada
– Salutation! Who are you? nouns too. Examples here focus on a few original ‘draaviDa kannaDa’ words.
 S: namaste! naanu sureesha. nimma hesaru eenu?  amma / taayi – Mom / Mother; appa / tande – Dad / Father; aNNa – Elder brother
– Salutation! I’m Suresh. What is your name?  tamma – Younger brother; akka – Elder sister; tangi – younger sister;
 K: nanna hesaru kumaara! nimma mane elli ide?  doDD-appa – Elder uncle; cikk-appa – Younger uncle;
 doDD-amma – Elder aunt; cikk-amma – Younger aunt;
- My name is Kumar! Where is your house?
 ajja / taata – Grand dad; ajji – Granny; muttajja/muttajji – Great grand dad/mom
 S: nanna mane jayanagaradalli ide. nimma mane elli kumaar-avare?
 huDuga – Boy; huDugi – Girl; heNNu – Female; ganDu – Male; magu – Baby
- My house is in Jayanagar. Where is your house, Kumar-ji?
 ganDa / pati – Husband; henDati / patni – Wife; maga – Son; magaLu - Daughter
 K: naanu indiraanagaradalli iddiini. niivu elli kelasa maaDuttiira?
 mukha – face; baayi – mounth; tale – head; kivi – ear; kaNNu – eye; tuTi – lip
- I am (living) in Indiranagar. Where do you work?
muugu – nose; hallu – tooth; ede – chest; hoTTe – stomach; kai – hand;
 S: naanu navayuga shaaleyalli kannada shikshaka. niivu eenu maaDuttiira? kaalu – leg; bennu – back; sonTa – waist; beraLu – finger; kuudalu - hair
- I am a Kannada teacher at Navayuga School. What do you do?  1-10: ondu, eraDu, muuru, naalku, aidu, aaru, eeLu, enTu, ombattu, hattu
 K: naanu ‘infosys’alli ‘manager’aagi kelasa maaDuttiini hattu-ippattu-muuvattu-nalavattu-aivattu-aravattu-eppattu-embattu-tombattu-nuuru
- I work in/at Infosys as a manager. 10:hattu 100:nuuru 1000:saavira 100,000: laksha 100,00,000:kooTi
 S: tumba santoosha! naanu hoogi baruttiini  bekku – cat; naayi – dog; kudure – horse; katte – donkey; handi – pig; huli – tiger
- Great pleasure! I will take leave (I will go and come) hasu – cow; kuri – sheep; meeke – goat; haavu – snake; halli – lizard; ili - rat
 K: nanaguu santoosha! hoogi banni! matte sigooNa! namaste!  haLLi – village; taaluuka – taluk; paTTaNa – town; jille – district; naaDu – state;
- Pleasure is mine too! Do take leave! Let us meet again! Salutation!  kaaDu – forest; beTTa – hill; daari – route; nela – land; bayalu – field; mara - tree

TYPICAL QUERIES – saamaanya prashNegaLu A FEW SENTENCES - halavu vaakyagaLu:

 avaru yaaru? – Who is that?; ivaru yaaru – Who is this?  naanu vidhyaarthi – I’m a student; idu nanna pustaka – This is my book
 adu eenu? – What’s that?; idu eenu? – What’s this?;  ivaru rameesha. ivaru nanna tamma – He is Ramesh. He is my younger-brother
nimage eenu beeku? – What do you want?; bele eenu? – What’s the price?  nanna maneyalli eraDu naayi ive – There are two dogs at my home
 mane elli? – Where is the house?; ‘Bus-stop’u elli? – Where is the Bus-stop?  adu nanna gaaDi. adu hosaa gaaDi – That is my vehicle. It is a new vehicle.
niivu ellige hoogabeeku? – Where-to do you have to go?  railu nildhaaNa elli ide? raste heege? – Where is rail-station? How is the road?
gaaDi ellinda baruttade? – Where-from does the vehicle come?  ii rasteyalli siidha / neera hoogi – Go straight on this road.
 bele eShTu? – How much is the price?; eShTu beeku? – How much do you want?  munde ‘circle’alli balakke tirugi – Ahead, at the circle, turn right
nimage eShTu makkaLu? – How many kids do-you-have? samaya eShTu?  aameele eDakke hoogi – Afterwards go left
 akki bele heege? – How’s the price of rice?; appa heege iddaare? – How’s dad?  jayanagara eShTu duura? – How far is Jayanagar?
maisuurige daari heege? – How’s the route to Mysuru?  niivu malleeshvarakke baruttiiraa? – Will you come to Malleswaram?
 allige aaTo baaDige eShTu aagatte? – To-there, auto rent, how-much will-be?
 adu yaava pustaka? – Which book is that?; ili yaavudu? – Which one is the rat?
 tarakaari bele eShTu koDabeeku? – Veggie price, how-much should-give?
 ii aushadhi yaake beeku? – Why do you need this medicine?
 ondu ‘KG’ baaLe haNNu koDi – Give one KG banana fruit.
niivu bengaluurige yaake hoogabeeku? – Why should you go to Bengaluru?
 aa maavina haNNu, bele eShTu? – That mango-fruit, how-much price?
 rameesha yaavaaga manege hooguttaare? – When does Ramesh go home?
 banni! oLage banni! kuuri! – Come! Come in! Sit down!
nimma kaaryakrama yaavaaga ide? – When is your function?
 caha kuDiyuttiira? illa, haalu koDalaa? –Tea will-U-drink? If-not, milk shall-I-give?