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Lower Intermediate
Lessons 1-25

1-25
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The course consists of lessons centered on a practical, real-life conversation.

In each lesson, first, we'll introduce the background of the conversation.

Then, you'll hear the conversation two times:

One time at natural native speed and one time with the English translation.

After the conversation, you'll learn carefully selected vocabulary and key grammar concepts.

Next, you'll hear the conversation 1 time at natural native speed at the end of the lesson.

Finally, practice what you have learned with the review track. In the review track, a native
speaker will say a word or phrase from the dialogue, wait three seconds, and then give you
the English translation. Say the word aloud during the pause. Halfway through the review
track, the order will be reversed. The English translation will be provided first, followed by a
three-second pause, and then the word or phrase from the dialogue. Repeat the words and
phrases you hear in the review track aloud to practice pronunciation and reinforce what you
have learned.

Before starting the lessons, go to InnovativeLanguage.com/audiobooks to get the lesson

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Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

Giving and Receiving in Japanese-Introduction

1 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
Formal English
2
2
3
4
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 6
 


 

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Formal Kanji
2009  

 !"
#$
"
#
%"#$
"# 

 &
'()
* <+,
'-, .$//
#
"1A032#
4
B5"6 *7.8$99/
9 "10
(2 :;;; 6 '=> ?@
,CD
EFGH *78 *
 IJK2LM )
'NOFPQ) R10
S
 T 5 7'NOU1V3W]^X_G`YaZbD
c _de4
h " [\'+< _ .$/
U"1&
03f2 4
5 )ZV3g
j 78
" V  k )V 
V 
V 
V V 
' 
 
 
Q 
i 
X F
 `abc
 ml H l H n X _ Q "
 T  o"'p [ n
5 ;;; _
 G j78q1V3rf 'st .$/
"1032 ,CD
q1 n
V .$/
"1032 [ _ Tu e V
 vwxy *z 4
e Tu) n
F{ d6 f 
2  ;;;3T' n '| M )Z

T1 
; 
; 3
; 
}
h€ f| Tg
F D

D 1

; 
; 3
; 
~ 
' 
~ 
* 
7 
8 

+

 
' 


Formal Kana
2009 |n X
Fr‚DZ
7* 6 r n M fƒ M n D
 n D n D
„f M fƒ M
 D

 z
Xh … !D
 "#$
"#
%"#$
"#
M fƒ M &
'*†)
* n z,
'U 5 , .$/
"10324
56 *7899
.
($ /
:"1;03;2 ; h 5 n '=|X 6 5 Xq 4  @ /#
A#
B".
,CD
FGH *78 *

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 u8

n 2 T M )
' e FYF h Q) R10
S
M fƒ M TM 5 7 ' e FYU1V
Z
XGYZD

f6ƒ M n4 X\'H D ]  _ 8ff 4 *XDC _ H e4 U&
fh " r Zh g
5 _ 6 n
V" VV V ' r QiXF .$/
"10324
5 )V3j
78 V z)V
 8ff 4 *XDC
M fƒ M ml H l H n X _ Q "
6 r n T mn" n'Mfn ƒ M4 X n
5 ;;; _
M fƒ M 
† G 
j 
7 
8 1
q 3
V 
r f 
'

 
X 
„ 
f 
 r .$/
"1032 ,CD
q1V
6 r n n
.$/
"1032n D 4 X _ Tu e V
M fƒ M ~8z w  y n *zn 4
e Tu) n
FGH 6 f 
;;;3T' ' D
| l
M )Z

6 r n 1
T 
; 
; 3
; 
}

D
h |Ff| Tg
F D
1

; 
; 3
; 
~ 
' 
~ 
* 
7 
8 

H 


D 
'

Formal Romanization

3 2009-nen 2-gatsu j  


9
 









9



K

9
( Chaimu no oto) k 



Keisuke Sa, kaeru ka. Kotoshi mo, dare mo chokor 

kurenakatta....
( haa...) Ore wa, 16-nen renzoku barentaind

 
  
o morau koto ga dekinakatta no ka.

(Getabako o akeru to, tegami ga ochiru) poto

Keisuke Are, tegami da! Yonde miy 

]  9
Keisuke-kun e, ky 
 







 
!"
kudasai. Natsuko yori.  %

#
 
 
$
 
  


   
(hashiru!)"

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(Taiikukan ura)

Keisuke 
(Dokidoki) Kon'nichiw 9
Natsuko An#


9
 999
Keisuke ( Kokoro no koe de) Yatta zo! Tsui ni, jinsei hatsu no
chokor  

 
 
Natsuko Kono chokor  




$ 
Watashi... hazukashikute ageru koto ga dekinai no.
Keisuke ... A, ko, K  
9
A... S 9999 #

  9
#
  

 9
Natsuko O-negai ne. Arigat 9

Formal English
February 14th, 2009. Natsuko, Keisuke and Koji are high school students.
Keisuke and Koji are best friends.

(The school bell rings)

Keisuke Time to go home. I didn't get any chocolate this year,
again... (sighs). For sixteen years in a row I haven't
received Valentine chocolates.

4 (He opens the door to his shoe cubby, and out falls a letter.)
Keisuke Huh, a letter! Let's see what it says "Dear Keisuke, meet
me behind the school gym today at 5 p.m. From Natsuko."
Whooooa!!! Natsuko-chan's going to give me chocolate!!!
Yeeesss!!!!!!! (runs)

(Behind the gym)

Keisuke (his heart pounding) Hey...
Natsuko Um...Keisuke-kun. Here...
Keisuke (To himself) Yeesss!! Finally, my first Valentine
chocolates ever!
Natsuko Please give this chocolate to Koji. I'm too shy to do it.
Keisuke ...oh, Ko, Koji. Ah...right. Um, got it. I'll get it to
him today.
Natsuko I appreciate it. Thanks.

LC: 924_LI_S4L1_011409 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-01-14

 


 

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Vocabulary
Kanji Kana Romaji English
I J K
z X…Dn
ue 8

shin'y
getabako
best friend
shoe rack
NO h FQY ) tegami letter
PQ) ochiru to fall down, to
`ab 8ff 4 *X
drop
c DC
taiikukan
ura
gym
back, reverse side
xy s* z
f 
y X„f
 l
*M z
f
jinsei life

 M )
hazukashii embarrassed, ashamed
) todokeru to deliver, to take,

>? 5 Xq 4 renzoku

to bring
successively, in a
row
t r hatsu first time

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

IJK_ NO 2
5e h 4
NO 
 ~g _
"
2 ƒ)

I put a letter in the shoe rack.
I send an e-mail instead of sending a
 #  *C


FPQ8 letter.
5 `ab G@

 S032 ƒ)
The laundry fell off the balcony.
 ' c FT)
*C
'
 2 r M6 &
f I play basketball at the gym.
Be careful because he has a dark side.
s 
fn 2
 5e xy Life is long.
XU C ' *z
f I'm embarrassed because I was seen


 _

2  Me ,CD
falling down.
The post office delivers my document(s)
  >?
 e f 6 f for me.

t
IJ2
K_ 8 2
5e h 4
I haven't slept for three days in a row.
I had my first dream of the year.
NO
NO 
 ~g _
"
2 ƒ)

I put a letter in the shoe rack.
I send an e-mail instead of sending a
 #  *C


FPQ8 letter.
`ab G@

 S032 ƒ)
The laundry fell off the balcony.
 ' c FT)
*C
'
 2 r M6 &
f I play basketball at the gym.
Be careful because he has a dark side.
s
f Life is long.

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 X U n2
 C 5e ' xy *z
f I'm embarrassed because I was seen


 _

2  Me , CD
falling down.
The post office delivers my document(s)
  >?
 e f 6 f for me.

t
 2
 8
I haven't slept for three days in a row.
I had my first dream of the year.

Grammar Points

Today's grammar point is "giving and receiving verbs," which are ageru, kureru,
morau.

Japanese has two verbs for giving, ageru and kureru. Which one you choose depends
on the direction of the transaction.

Ageru is a class-two verb used to express that someone gives something to someone.
When a thing moves away from the speaker (I), you generally use the verb ageru.
This rule also applies when you are the giver and someone else is the receiver,
and both the giver and the receiver are others.
6
Please review the table below. The giver is the subject and is marked by the
particle wa or ga, while the receiver is marked by the particle ni. The object
being given is marked with the object marker o.
Giver


   Sample sentence
v 'T 6 8 _ / #032 Tu)

I    

I  
I give you a present.

  v ' _ / #032 Tu)

T 6 8' _ / #032 Tu)

I give Taro a present.
you   
 

others  
You give Taro a present.
 

 
' _% / #032 Tu)

Taro   $  
  9

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Kureru is a class-two verb meaning "to give," but it can only be used when the
receiver is the speaker or someone whom the speaker thinks is close to the speaker
psychologically (in-group). In other words, you use the verb kureru when a thing
moves toward the speaker or someone close psychologically. The giver, the receiver


and the object being given are marked by the same particles as ageru.

   

T 6 8 ' v _ h 24
5 )

Giver  Sample sentence
you
 $ 
6T 8give
You
'
mev 
 money._ h n y
 *f 24
5 )



  $  
 v _ h 24
5 )

You give my son an allowance.
others 
hKosuke
T
5 )
 
Q
gives me vmoney.

i 
X 
 '   _ h n y *f 24

     6 8 _ / #0324

5 )

Grandmother gives my son an allowance.
 'T

 

$ 
   


 
  #

 
 
 
 
Taro gives you a present.

 
close to the speaker psychologically. If the speaker takes a psychological
distance from the receiver, s/he uses ageru instead of kureru.

7 Today's example 1 below, which has the verb

ageru, expresses that Natsuko is asking Keisuke (You) to give the chocolate to
Koji (others), so the chocolate moves from You to Others. From the speaker's
point of view, others is farther than you psychologically. When a thing moves far
away from you, you use the verb ageru.

n
.$/
"1032 [ _ Tu e V
Today's example 1:

Kono chokoreeto o Koji-kun ni agete.

Please give this chocolate to Koji.

Kureru in today's example 2 below expresses that Natsuko (Others) is going to give
the chocolate to Me, so the chocolate moves from others to the speaker. When a
thing moves toward the speaker, kureru is used.

Today's example 2:

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<_ 'QiXF .$/
"10324
5 )V
Ore ni Natsuko-chan ga chokoreeto o kureru!
Natsuko will give me chocolate!

Transactions that are described using the verb kureru can also be described in
terms of "receiving," or morau. It's a class-one verb, and its meaning is close to
the English "get" or "receive." When you use morau, the recipient is the subject
of the sentence marked by wa or ga.

In today's example 3, the recipient is the speaker, but it's omitted because it's
obvious that the speaker gets the chocolate. If we were to reconstruct the
subject, it would be Ore ga.

h 5 F st .$/
"1032 ,CD
q1V
Today's example 3:

(Ore ga) Jinsei hatsu no chokoreeto o morau zo!

I'm getting the first chocolate of my life.

When you want to place emphasis on the giver, substitute kureru for morau and mark
the recipient with the particle ni.

8 h 5_ st .$/

"10324
5 )
q1V
Ore ni jinsei hatsu no chokoreeto o kureru zo!
She's giving me the first chocolate of my life.

Formation:

[giver] wa(ga) [receiver] ni [object] o ageru.

[giver] wa(ga) ([receiver] ni) [object] o kureru.
([receiver] wa(ga)) [giver] ni [object] o morau.

Examples:

v '
_ h
 g 2 Tu8

Watashi wa tomodachi ni omamori o ageta.

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I gave my friend a talisman.

*
v 
_ h
 g 24
5 8


 

  9
Watashi wa tomodachi ni omamori o kureta.
( *


' v _ h Yju 24

5 8
Tomodachi wa watashi ni omiyage o kureta.
A friend of mine gave me a souvenir.

* 
' v _ h Yju 2 Tu8



 

  9
Tomodachi wa watashi ni omiyage o ageta.
( *

 F' v  _   / #0324

5 8


Tsuma ga watashi no im 

  

 9
My wife gave my sister a birthday present.

v '
_ h Y ju 2 ,C

78
Watashi wa tomodachi ni omiyage o moratta.
I got a souvenir from a friend of mine.

9  '  _
S/ 2 , C
78
Taro wa kanojo ni nekkuresu o moratta.
Taro got a necklace from his girlfriend.

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Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

Giving and Receiving in Japanese-Kureru

2 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
Formal English
2
2
3
3
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 5
 


 

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Formal Kanji



  
  
!#""$%&' ( )*+ 
,- ./ & ( ! 

012
,- % 3#""4567 #8 *'9:;""<=>'9:>?

'@ 
 ;; ACBCD?  >?'+ E 1FG?@ H ? 
FG 
; (I 456JFG@ K L&:M NOP *QRS%
H ?  Q TU 
,- K  VWS: H ?0  7 X 456 
 
 % Y% H#ZZZ
[\  ]=>456J^':M+_ ZZZ $%&+%
H @ 

Formal Kana
2 

 K  % ` Q 
K %`  
 
!#""$%&' ( ;*+ 
a  !a `S ( & ( ! 

K 
% `0bc
a  !a %3#""4567 #8 *'9:;"" K &>'9:>
?'@ 
K %` ;; L`d K ?  >?'+ e :f'G?@ H ?
'G 
; (I 456J'G@ K L&:M NOP *QRS%
H ?  Q +%@L 
a  !a K  @g K S: H ?0  7 X 456 
K %` % Y% H#ZZZ
H 0` R_:>456Jg':M+_ ZZZ

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$%&+% H @ 

Formal Romanization

(Pinp

Haha K 

    
K H 

Ossu!! D  

Keisuke O-jama shim

(K

  
Keisuke Uwa!! Chokor

 "!

 #


moratta na.
K $

#

% 
  

chotto tabete kureru?
Amari choko o tabenai koto ni shite ru n da. Nikibi ga
dekichau kara. De, y&


Keisuke Kore, Natsuko-chan kara no barentain choko.
K '
kanojo wa kyonen mo choko o tsukutte kureta n da yo ne...
D 


3 Formal English
(Doorbell rings)

Mom Koji, can you get that for me?

Koji Okay--. Oh, hey! What's up? Come in, man.
Keisuke Thanks.

(Koji's room)
Keisuke What?! Look at all this chocolate!! You got a bunch again
this year.
Koji Yeah, around 20 or so. I can't eat them all, so can you
eat some for me? I'm trying not to eat that much
chocolate; it gives you pimples, you know. So, what's up?
Keisuke Here, chocolates from Natsuko-chan.

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Koji Oh, I see...she made me chocolates last year, too...what
should I do?

Vocabulary
Kanji
 Kana
Q  Romaji English
deru to go out, to answer
(the phone, the
NOP LR
nikibi
doorbell)
pimple, spot
QR Q R

)* ;* dekiru to appear, to occur
?  ?  agaru to go in, to come in
T +% kurai approximately, about
y business, something
to do

Vocabulary Sample Sentences


 L 
LR
*'9:;  I answer the phone.

  ( Q
R   LR
*QR  I have many pimples.
 L)*  When I stay up late, I get pimples.
4 1000
?  0



   J
 '  I go into a house.
I bought a mechanical pencil which costs
T*;0Q
    about 1000 yen.
There is something that needs taking care

 L  of, so I'll leave early.
LR
*'9:;  I answer the phone.

  ( Q
 R   LR
*QR  I have many pimples.
 L)*  When I stay up late, I get pimples.
?  0



   J
 '  I go into a house.
1000 I bought a mechanical pencil which costs
T*;0Q
    about 1000 yen.
There is something that needs taking care
of, so I'll leave early.

Grammar Points

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In the previous lesson, we learned "giving and receiving verbs," such as kureru,
ageru and morau. In the next three lessons, we are going to see these verbs acting
as auxiliary verbs respectively. This lesson focuses on kureru.

Kureru means "to give" and is used when the receiver is the speaker, or someone in
the speaker's in-group. When kureru is used after the -te form of another verb, it
acts as an auxiliary, implying that the doer performed that action for the sake of
the speaker. The doer is marked by the particle wa or ga, while the receiver is
marked by the particle ni, o or to depending on the verb you use. Please note that
the receiver is the speaker or someone in the speaker's in-group, so the receiver
is usually omitted in a sentence.

Today's example 1 shows that Koji (speaker) is asking Keisuke to eat chocolate for
him because he doesn't want to.

Today's example 2 places emphasis on the fact that Natsuko made the chocolate for
the sake of him (speaker), probably because she loves him.

Today's
 example
F 1:  
G
Chotto tabete kureru?
5 Could you eat a bit for me?

[Today's
 example
\  ] =>42:
56J^':M+_ 
Kanojo wa Kyonen mo choko tsukutte kureta n da yo ne.
She made chocolate for me last year, too.

Formation:
([Doer] wa (ga)) ([receiver] ni (o, to)) Verb-te + kureru

Examples:

9:  L
 & 


J  


Ot 
 & 


 #  
Dad, can you buy a new video game (for me)?

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5 
* 


L Y0 J &' 

J & 
 





   
George lent the book (to me).

 


 L
 ( ! H


0' L 
Ashita (watashi no tame ni) p 

  #
Could you come to the party (as a favor for me) tomorrow?

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Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

Giving and Receiving in Japanese-Ageru

3 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
Formal English
2
2
3
3
Vocabulary 3
Grammar Points 4
 


 

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Formal Kanji



    !

 "#$%&$ ' ()*+,-!. /01 23 (! 
 $4+5!.
 #$67 8 9: ;
 < =. / >>>?

 @A$8 9:BCED$ F GH I
 J ; ;.KC1
LMM ENNO!3 8 9:#PQF.

 RYA#$$S $TUFAV! ;- W- WXF GH. /
Z[\8 9:.]S.
 ^ _`ED?aC[\bc FAV I ;

 [\defghiHFjFAV I.
 k A$Z+ I $ '+!

Formal Kana
LO@h
]1] K '0 !l O m ( 

 !
2 O@ @ l#$ @'$ ' (n G+A-!. /01 2
3 (!  $#! +lo!.
]1]#$ O(.H 8 9: ;
]1] < =. / >>>?
O@ @A$!l O8 9:BCED$ F GH I
]1] J ; ;.KC1
LMM ENNO!3 8 9:## @QF.
R A$S $UFAV! ;- W- Wl GF GH. /
O@ 3H#$mQpq8 9:.]S.
]1] ^ _`ED?aCpq!J FAV I ;
O@ pqdJ+hlHFFAV I.
]1] k A$mQ+ I $ '+!

Formal Romanization

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(K
 

Keisuke Kyonen mo Natsuko-chan kara moratta no ka. Hont
urayamashii na.
K
 Jitsu wa, kanojo, chotto seikaku ga awanai n da yo ne.
Sugoi otonashii kara, hanashi ga tsuzukanai n da.
Keisuke wa, kotoshi dare ka kara choko moratta?
Keisuke Zero da yo....
K
 J 

 


Keisuke E? Ii no? Itadakim
(Mogu mogu) Umai!! Kon'na oishii choko wa hajimete da
....A, demo, tabete agenai no? Wazawaza tsukutte kureta n
da yo.
K
 Ore wa, honmei no Fuyuka-chan no choko dake de ii n da.
Keisuke Howaitod 






K
 Fuyuka-chan o eigakan e tsurete itte ageru n da.
Keisuke S
 


 




Formal English
(Koji's room)
Keisuke You got chocolates from Natsuko last year, too?! I'm so

3 Koji
jealous, man.
Actually, she's not my type. She's too quiet, so our
conversations don't last very long. Did you get any
chocolates this year, Keisuke?
Keisuke Zero...
Koji So, will you take Natsuko's chocolates for me?
Keisuke Huh? Is it all right? Thanks! (chewing) Mmm, these are
good! These are the best chocolates I've ever had! ....
But you're not going to have any? She made them for you,
after all.
Koji I'm fine with just Fuyuka's chocolates. She's the only one
for me.
Keisuke Are you going to give her anything on White Day?
Koji I'm going to take Fuyuka to a movie.
Keisuke I see...well, there's not much to argue about if you're
only into Fuyuka.

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Vocabulary
Kanji
  Kana   Romaji English
)* n G urayamashii
seikaku
envious, enviable
character,
,  A  personality
3 (!  3 (!  au to fit, to suit
- W- W - W- W otonashii
waza waza
quiet, gentle, mild
taking so much
c1 J1 trouble
iHFj G lHF G kaesu to return something
Z mQ tsurete iku
honmei
to take someone; V1
favorite, someone
you really like

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

#3
S$  
%&#$#+$)*# I envy Hiroshi because he is rich.
She has a nice face, but her character is
%& (#$+,  not good.
A #$3 (!  I share common tastes with her.
- W- W
jF$ 8d  That person is quiet and mild.
3
dc1 I go all the way to Korea to buy kimchi.
4  diHFjF G. I return the money that I borrow.
Z#$. Please take me to the hospital.
#3
S$   My favorite is Sakurako.
%&#$#+$)*# I envy Hiroshi because he is rich.
She has a nice face, but her character is
%& (#$+,  not good.
A #$3 (!  I share common tastes with her.
- W- W
jF$ 8d  That person is quiet and mild.
3
dc1 I go all the way to Korea to buy kimchi.
 diHFjF G. I return the money that I borrow.
Z#$. Please take me to the hospital.
My favorite is Sakurako.

Grammar Points

LC: 946_LI_S4L3_021109 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-02-11

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
Ageru is a class-two verb used to express that someone gives something to someone.
When ageru follows the -te form of another verb, it acts as an auxiliary verb
meaning "to do something for someone else." Please note that the beneficiaries are
not members of the doer's in-group. (If the beneficiaries are members of the
doer's in-group, you use "verb-te kureru," which we explained in the previous
lesson.) The doer is marked by the particle wa or ga, while the beneficiary is
marked by the particle ni, o or to depending on the verb you use. Remember that
the doer of the action and the recipient of the action should be roughly equal in
status.

Example 1 expresses that Keisuke is asking Koji, "Don't you eat this chocolate to
please her? Because she made it for you, and she must be happy when you eat it."

Example 2, the context is that Koji got a chocolate from Fuyuka on Valentine's
Day. So, Keisuke is asking whether Koji will give Fuyuka something in return
because he owes her and wants to make her happy. The beneficiary in this example
is Fuyuka marked by ni because the main verb kaesu (to return) goes with the
particle ni.

Example 3 expresses that Koji is going to take Fuyuka to a movie as a token of

appreciation because he got a chocolate from her on Valentine's Day. The
beneficiary in this example is Fuyuka marked by the particle o because the main
verb tsureteiku goes with the particle o.
5
The verb ageru in these three examples can't be replaced with the verb kureru
because the beneficiary is not the speaker or a person from the speaker's
in-group.

TExample
UFAV1:! ;
Tabete agenai no?
Aren't you going to eat this for her?

[Example
\2:bc FAV I ;
Fuyuka-chan ni nani ka kaeshite ageru no?
Are you going to give Fuyuka something in return?

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[Example
\3:defghiHFjFAV I.
Fuyuka-chan o eigakan e tsurete itte ageru n da.
I'm going to take her to a movie.

Formation:

[doer] wa(ga) [beneficiary] ni (o,to) verb-te + ageru

Examples:

#$
C3
d FAV 

Ky









Kyoko lent Mary money.

 #$ 
dS FAV
Ot

 
 



6 My brother gave his friend a ride to the airport.

 #$dFAV
Watashi wa musuko ni jitensha o katte ageta.
I bought a bicycle for my son.

LC: 946_LI_S4L3_021109 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-02-11

 


 

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"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

Giving and Receiving in Japanese-Morau

4 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
Formal English
2
2
3
3
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 5
 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formal Kanji

 
 





  !"#$%&'()*++,$
 --./0$12#34567859$
 

:;$
 !"#<;9=>?@+=
 ,AB#$CDE3FG
 H;6BI9=
 J=--$7!K#LM6-N9$
 %O,$LM6BI9,$
-CDEPFG
 QR6BI9)@S$
-7;);6FG
 TU;B@)59)@S$
 +V-IWXB+;)59$
 J=@3= PFQR9=
 +V+V+V+V$QR6@+$
CD/QRYI@+)8!Z50OM[M67859#O$
 \<+ CDEE3PF]-N9,
 ^7+;)59$_`3$
 %$a"-bcE3deF]f56-Ng*$

Formal Kana
2 
 
/5h





M+WM  @ih!"#$%&'()*++,$
@ih --./0$02#3)567859$
 

)J;$
M+WM @ih!"#<;9=N#Y@+=
@ih ,AM+WMB#$haB#3FG
 *9;6BI9
=
M+WM J=--$7!K#0<M6-N9$
@ih %O,$0<M6BI9,$
-haB#*9;FG
 9R6BI9)@S$
-7;);6FG
 +;B@)59)@S$
M+WM +V-IWXB+;)59$
@ih J=@3= *9;F9R9=
M+WM +V+V+V+V$9R6@+$

LC: 956_LI_S4L4_022509 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-02-25

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
h a/9RYI@+)8!Z50OM*M67859#O
$
@ih \<+haB#M+WMB#3*9;F]-N9
,
M+WM ^7+;)59$
#03$
@ih %$a"-8+,#M+WMB#
3 .!Zh]iB56
-Ng*$

Formal Romanization
(Howaitod 



 
K
 

 

Keisuke Ohay  








Natsuko A, arigat 
 




!


"#


o-kaeshi.
Keisuke Natsuko-chan d
 

$
%


$
Natsuko N
&

& '



 !
 
!$
Keisuke E? (
) !

#

*
Natsuko S
#
*


+#
!
*


A, K '

 


 !

!



A, moshikashite, chokor
 






Keisuke Iya, are wa, sugoku oishikatta yo.

3 Natsuko
Keisuke
E? Nani?! Watashi no choko tabeta no?
Iya iya iya iya. Tabete nai yo.
K '


!

!
 
#

!


#
yo.
Natsuko Hidoi! K '

&



 


 


no ne!
Keisuke Demo, oishikatta yo. Hont


Natsuko S 
,
!



&



!
 


ageru wa.

Formal English
(White Day, school bell rings)
Keisuke Morning, Natsuko-chan! Cute bag.
Natsuko Thanks. My dad got it for me, as a White Day present.

LC: 956_LI_S4L4_022509 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-02-25

 


 

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"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
Keisuke What's wrong Natsuko-chan? You don't look so good.
Natsuko Keisuke-kun, did you give Koji-kun my chocolates?
Keisuke Huh? Yeah, of course I did.
Natsuko Right, of course you did. I wonder if he ate them. Maybe
he didn't like them...
Keisuke No way, they were delicious!
Natsuko Huh, what? You ate my chocolate??
Keisuke No, no, no. I didn't. But Koji couldn't eat them all, so
he shared some with me.
Natsuko That's horrible! So Koji-kun gave you my chocolate!
Keisuke But they were delicious, really.
Natsuko Really...well, I guess I'll give you some obligatory
chocolate next year then.

Vocabulary
 Kanji
:; )KanaJ; Romaji English
HW *9W okaeshi
watasu
return gift
to pass over, to
7;);6 7;);6 hand over
[Mg *Mg moshikashite perhaps, possibly
deF .F wakeru
giri choko
to share, to divide
Chocolate given out
4 \<+ \<+ of duty
LMg 0<Mg hidoi
todokeru
horrible,terrible
to deliver, to take,
to bring

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

&G

:;]7859$
^  ] 3H;9$ I got a return gift on Valentine's Day.
I handed over an assignment to a teacher
7;);6 ( 

2#^W)$ in the corridor.

0 
 ][M6QRg$ Are you Tom Cruise by any chance?
deF]9B2#7859$ I shared a cake with my brother.
\<+%]iB@#6$ I got many obligation chocolates.
  3 ]LM678$ It's horrible! You told me a lie.
The post office delivers my document(s)

LC: 956_LI_S4L4_022509 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

&G

:;]7859$ for me.
^  ] 3H;9$ I got a return gift on Valentine's Day.
I handed over an assignment to a teacher
7;);6 ( 

2#^W)$ in the corridor.

0 
 ][M6QRg$ Are you Tom Cruise by any chance?
deF]9B2#7859$ I shared a cake with my brother.
\<+%]iB@#6$ I got many obligation chocolates.
  3 ]LM678$ It's horrible! You told me a lie.
The post office delivers my document(s)
for me.

Grammar Points
The focus of today's lesson is Morau, a class-one verb used to express that the
speaker, or someone whom the speaker thinks he/she is psychologically close to
(in-group), receives something from someone. When morau follows the -te form of
another verb, it acts as an auxiliary meaning "someone is doing something for [me
or a person in group]." The doer is marked by the particle ni, and the beneficiary
is marked by wa, but it's generally omitted because the beneficiary is usually the
speaker.

Example 1a) expresses that Natsuko's father got her (beneficiary) a bag, in other
5 words, she received his favor. The doer is marked by the particle ni. If you focus
on the doer of the sentence instead of the beneficiary when you want to describe
the same event, you can use the auxiliary verb kureru instead of morau. In that
case, the doer is marked by the particle ga. See today's example 1b).

Example 2a) expresses that Keisuke (speaker/beneficiary) wanted to share a

chocolate with Koji (doer), and Koji kindly shared it with Keisuke. Today's
example 2b) doesn't overtly have a beneficiary or doer. So, you can simply switch
the verb morau and kureru to describe the same event.

Example 1:

a)
12#34567859$
O-t 




!


My father bought it for me.

LC: 956_LI_S4L4_022509 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-02-25

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

b)
12#/456BI9$
O-t 



!


My father bought it for me.

Example 2:

a)
!Z50OM[M67859#O$
Chotto dake wakete moratta n da yo.
He shared it with me.

b)
!Z50OM[M6BI9#O$
Chotto dake wakete kureta n da yo.
He shared it with me.

Formation:
([beneficiary] wa) [Doer] ni verb.te-form morau

Examples:

3
_]J678$

Sensei ni nihongo o oshiete morau.
6 My teacher teaches me Japanese.

3];67859$

Y '



!


 
!
A friend of mine repaired my car.

^
 
&
3M67859$
Umi de raifus 



!
I was rescued by a lifeguard at the sea.

LC: 956_LI_S4L4_022509 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-02-25

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

Journey to Japan 1

5 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
Formal English
2
2
3
3
Vocabulary 3
Grammar Points 5
 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formal Kanji



 
 

!"
# %
&'()*
+*,-./ 
$ #


 0
12
34567 

 87
9:;<
=>0
?@A
BCD,E
&

F-GHI0*%-JK2L*,7
=
&

 M
N#O 

!"
# 
PQRST

U!-
VWVX YZ [\
B9
$ #
 -]^_`a
bc 
?@-dfefgh 
 ij 

F>
Bkl
9 -mR !no )pqD
BE
r7\
-stuvuw
Fpx
1BE
r7
yz - 
 )
5{*
B1p|
9
BE
r7}

Formal Kana
~
4

 €
B
6
 

!"
# %
&
4‚)*
+7*,-ƒ2[ 
2 $ #


 0
12
34567 

 87
9:%
:4
=>0A„A7
B
…D,E
&


F-E7
…:4†0*%-‡2*,7
=
&
~
4 M
N#O 

!"
# ~
4PQRST

U!-
VWVˆ [\
B9
$ #
 -‰
B9
…:4Š7\> 
A„-dfe‹… 
 
8,7 

F>
B11B9 -mR !no )p
9D
BE
r7
\-Œ7\7[
Fp
1BE
r7
yz - 
 )
5{*
B1p\
9
BE
r7}

Formal Romanization

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"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &


(Hik
Jakku Sumimasen. Boku no zaseki wa doko desu ka.
    
Furaitoatendant Kochira no ts 


       
o

Jakku Arigat
  
 
  

Jakku Yoisho. Kinch  
 
    
 
 

Demo, daij      

 
(Hik 
 
Furaitoatendant Kono hik




     dfefd  



!   



o kyakushitsuj 
"  
Nihon made, 10-jikan no furaito no yotei desu.
    
Mamonaku ririku shimasu node, sh
 



kudasai. Mata, keitaidenwa no dengen mo o-kiri kudasai.
Soredewa, furaito o go-yukkuri o-tanoshimi kudasai."

Formal English
(On an airplane)
Jack I'm sorry, can you tell me where my seat is?
  
Flight Just go straight down this aisle and it# 
  
Attendant

3 Jack
Jack
Thank you very much.

Here we go. Man, I# $
 %
  
    
&' 

 

going to Japan. But I#(( '  %   '

me over there.
(P.A. Announcement)
Flight Welcome to JapanesePod flight 101. I am flight attendant
Attendant Tanaka. Our scheduled flight time to Japan is 10 hours. We
will be taking off shortly, so we ask that you please
fasten your seat belts and turn off all cellular phones.
We hope that you have a pleasant flight.

Vocabulary
./
Kanji ƒKana
2[ Romaji
migigawa
English
(the) right side

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
;<
= %
:4
=

 ~
4 kinch  


to feel nervous
X ˆ hik airplane
ij 8,7 bin
yotei
flight
plans, arrangements,
stuv Œ7\7[ keitaidenwa
schedules
cell phone, mobile
uw  dengen
phone
power switch
 6 (electronics)
'( 
4‚ zaseki seat
]^_`a ‰
B9
…:4Š7 ts 


aisle, passage
 kyakushitsuj  a flight attendant,
kl
= 11B
= ririku suru
a cabin attendant
to take off

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

./A


=-


R  What you see on your right side is Tokyo
 ?- "O  ;<
9  Tower.

A_*\
32>7 The test is tomorrow. I'm nervous.


O 
  fX-
fgA


9  I've never ridden on an airplane.

-ij20
1  Flight 642 to England leaves at 6:00.

4 stuv)

B*\ Do you have any plans tonight?
uw)x*,-


9
9:4 (I) bought a cell phone at a low price.
Let's save electricity by turning off the


 )i

= power.
'()
Œ,
BE
r7 (I) reserve seats at a movie theater.
]^_`a



E Please clear the aisle.
Being a flight attendant is a popular

F>
Bkl
9  job.
./A


=-


R  (The plane) will take off shortly.
What you see on your right side is Tokyo
 ?- "O  ;<
9  Tower.

A_*\
32>7 The test is tomorrow. I'm nervous.


O 
  fX-
fgA


9  I've never ridden on an airplane.

-ij20
1  Flight 642 to England leaves at 6:00.
stuv)

B*\ Do you have any plans tonight?
uw)x*,-


9
9:4 (I) bought a cell phone at a low price.
Let's save electricity by turning off the

LC: 966_LI_S4L5_031109 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-03-11

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &



 )i

= power.
'()
Œ,
BE
r7 (I) reserve seats at a movie theater.
]^_`a



E Please clear the aisle.
Being a flight attendant is a popular

F>
Bkl
9  job.
(The plane) will take off shortly.

Grammar Points
Today's grammar point is "o ~ kudasai." This phrase expresses a very polite
request. Today's dialogue takes place on an airplane, and the expression is used
by the flight attendant to make requests. The three examples below are very polite
requests to the passengers.

mToday's
R !no  )pq1:D
BE
r7
example

Shiito beruto o o-shime kudasai.

Please fasten your seatbelt.

sToday's
tuvexample
uw
Fp2:x
1BE
r7
5 Keitaidenwa no dengen mo o-kiri kudasai.
Please turn off your cell phone, too.

 )

Today's

5{*
3:B1p|
9
BE
r7
example

Furaito o go-yukkuri o-tanoshimi kudasai.

We hope that you have a pleasant flight. (lit: Please enjoy your flight.)

Formation:

o + V masu stem + kudasai

pExamples:

B‚ƒ
BE
r7
O-kutsurogi kudasai.

LC: 966_LI_S4L5_031109 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-03-11

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
Please make yourself comfortable.

p
A[>7
F9 z 2-
4p
BE
r7
 
 
O-kuchi ni awanai kamo shiremasen ga, D

    
I'm not sure if you'll like it, but please try it.

PR "
R-p


F -p7
BE
r7
      

 
Kondo no p  


 

  
   
Please be sure to invite your friends to the next party.

7
&>7
F)p
1BE
r7
F7
1 
Iranai mono o o-uri kudasai. Nan demo kaitorimasu.
Please sell any items you don't need to us. We'll purchase anything.

LC: 966_LI_S4L5_031109 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-03-11

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

Journey to Japan 2

6 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
Formal English
2
2
3
3
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 5
 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formal Kanji

  
 
  



 !"#$%&'()*+,-

. #
)/012341)/$5

 6+/$7

 89:;07<=>?@ABCD2,A+E
5FG0HI$7
JK L>MNO00P#$2
 QLL+R0ST

 2U
 JKV /L V WXYZ[\7
] ^_`a
 JKV  . >
>b*cd*be:f#0P#$
2

 gd*ihjjjk2
 lmnop9qr0P#$2
 22m
JKV st]ula:/Lv#>wE71R0S5
2
Formal Kana

 xE 
yz
yz xE 



 {7{7|#$z$2mP()*+
v2
. #
)201222l1)2$
5
yz $7+2$7

 UB}:C}07<n$
>:~7 J 7BCD2
J 7+E
5z7lm0>I$7
JK L>:1€00P#$2
yz }LL+U0ST

LC: 976_LI_S4L6_032509 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-03-25

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &


 2U
yz JKV 2L V v#
7
€I7zmn7
] l KJ m a
yz J KV  . >
>b*cd*be:2#0P#$
2

 g d*ihjjjv12
yz lmn72B}q10P#$2
yz 22 2m
JKV l:2Lv#> V E71U0S5

Formal Romanization
Jakku Hisashiburi, Kazuki!
Kazuki Hisashiburi, Jakku! Furaito wa d 
  

Jakku Yokatta yo. Zenzen yurenakatta shi, kinaishoku, kar 


oishikatta.
Sore yori, toire itte mo ii? Ichi-do mo toire ikanakatta
kara.
Kazuki Nande ikanakatta n da yo.
Jakku Madogawa ni suwatte ta n dakedo, tonari no nihon-jin ga
sugoi bijin de sa.

3 Dakara, kinch   
  




Ja, kono nimotsu, mite te kurenai?
Kazuki Wakatta yo. Koko de matte ru ne.

Jakku Tadaima.
Kazuki J 




  

  


(Ch  
Kazuki J



   


 


Jakku Okk



Kazuki, chotto hantaigawa o motte kurenai?
Kazuki Ii yo. Yoisho.
J
!

#"%$

& 

  



Formal English

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
Jack Kazuki! It


!

#"
Kazuki Yeah, it really has Jack! How was your flight?
Jack It was good. No turbulence at all, and the in-flight curry
was delicious. But, before anything else can I use the
bathroom? I didn




 
Kazuki Why didn




Jack Well, I had the window seat and the Japanese woman sitting







   !


next to me was just so beautiful. I got all nervous and
couldn
will you?
Kazuki Okay. I 

Jack I


!
Kazuk Shall we go? Oh, I got my driver
!  
 

(In the parking lot)

Kazuki Alright Jack, can you put your suitcase in the trunk?
Jack Okay! Hmmm
 


#" 
!


the other side for me?
Kazuki Sure. Oof! Okay, let



!

 

waiting for us.

4 Vocabulary
"#S
Kanji |#S
Kana Romaji English
= n$
yureru to shake, to sway
Hh >h tonari
tanomu
next to
to ask, to
Z[ I7zm request;V1
op9 72B} menkyo license
%&' z$2mP hantaigawa opposite side
89 UB} kinaishoku
madogawa
in-flight meal
window side

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

+sB"#
=>sB+ My house shook because of the earthquake.
The house next door burned down in a
25>A:H7+PE2 fire.
_>Z[q\SI: 
q I'm busy, so please ask somebody else.
 >op9U+q
S (I) studied to get a driver's license.
(I) throw a stone to the other side of
%&'''S the river.
For the in-flight meal, you can choose
89>B2 between Japanese food and Western food.

+sB"# The view from the window seat is lovely.
=>sB+ My house shook because of the earthquake.
The house next door burned down in a
25>A:H7+PE2 fire.
_>Z[q\SI: 
q I'm busy, so please ask somebody else.
 >op9U+q
S (I) studied to get a driver's license.
(I) throw a stone to the other side of
%&'''S the river.
For the in-flight meal, you can choose
89>B2 between Japanese food and Western food.
The view from the window seat is lovely.

Grammar Points
5 Today's grammar point is "V-te form + kurenai?" In this series, we covered V-te
kureru. (Lower Intermdediate S4 #2 Giving and Receiving in Japanese-Kureru) Kureru
acts as an auxiliary verb to indicate that somebody does a favor for the speaker
or a person in-group. Today's grammar point, kurenai (negative form of kureru),
indicates that the speaker is asking for a favor in a very casual way. Please note
that you should say kurenai with rising intonation to make the phrase a request.

You'll notice from today's examples that this expression is used between people
who are close to each other. Jack and Kazuki are close friends and are speaking
very casually to each other, so they use V-te kurenai to make requests.

L>MNO00P#$2
Today's example 1:

Kono nimotsu mite te kurenai?

Watch this luggage for me, will you?

LC: 976_LI_S4L6_032509 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-03-25

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

>
example
.Today's >b*2:cd*be:f#0P#$2
Sono Jakku no s   


 


Put your suitcase into the trunk, will you?

lToday's
 mnoexample
p9qr3:0P#$2
Chotto hantaigawa o motte kurenai?
Just grab the other side, will you?

Formation:

V-te form + kurenai? (with rising intonation)

lExamples:
 mnm
\0P#$2
Chotto sh
  


Pass me the soy sauce, will you?

qn5 
0P#$2
Saifu o otoshita kara 1000-en kashite kurenai?
6 I dropped my wallet, so could you lend me 1000 yen?

 *+ q0P#$2
Meeru de shashin o okutte kurenai?
Send me the picture by e-mail, will you?

LC: 976_LI_S4L6_032509 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-03-25

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

Journey to Japan 3

7 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
Formal English
2
2
3
3
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 5
 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formal Kanji



  

   
  

 
 ! " 
 #$% ! &"

 '( !    
  
) *+,&-./01& 2 3456% !
7

 98 
;:
< = >?


 @A3 ! 5B5C7D&EF ! 7

 %GH I 3  J 6KLMNO9PQ

RS:TO 9U

 % U TO7 U
&6 ! &TO3MNO9P ! 5VFC7

W X "W X 

 <Q888 &6+E   7+E   5 ! 7?

   F:MNO9PQYZ+ 
 :KLZ  5
6% ! 7

 [\ 

2 Formal Kana
+]^ 

    
+]^::   
 E  
+]^  +
 ! " 
  _ J % ! &"

+]^:: '( !    
 E
` ! *+,&aC./b,&  ` +356
% 7

 98 +] :
^
< = >?
+]^ 
 @A3 ! 5+5C7"&EF ! 7

 %G I 3  J 6c3EMNO
9PQ

LC: 986_LI_S4L7_040809 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-04-08

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
+]^ 
:TO 9U

 % U TO7 U
&6 ! &TO3MNO9P ! 5FC7
+]^ +E   "+E   

 <Q888 &6+E   7+E   5 ! 7?
+]^    F:MNO9PQY J + 
 :c3E
 J 56% ! 7

 [\ 

Formal Romanization

 
Kazuki Tadaim
Jakku Ojamashim

 
 




 


Kazuki no haha Ara, irasshai. Chakku-kun ne.
Kazuki O-k
Kazuki no haha Gomen nasai ne. Jakku-kun.
Tsuita bakari de warui n da kedo, futari de, o-tsukai ni


itte moraenai?


Jakku. Kazuki H
(S
Kazuki Jakku, memo ni nan te kaite aru? Yonde kurenai?



Jakku Etto, tamanegi, ninjin, jagaimo, buta-niku, chokoreeto.

3 Kazuki A, konya wa kar


 !
!
Jakku E! Mata kar
Demo, nande, kar
Kazuki Kakushi-aji da yo. Kakushi-aji.

"#
 !



"
#
$!
 
Jakku (... Demo, kakushi-aji? Kakushi-aji tte nan da?)
Kazuki J


sagashite moraenai?
Jakku Okk

Formal English
Kazuki I%& &
%&
Jack Please excuse my intrusion.

%
!('   %*)!! !
Kazuki Oh, welcome! You are Chuck, right?
Kazuki Mom, it

LC: 986_LI_S4L7_040809 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-04-08

 


 

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"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
Kazuki%& I%&"

#!#!
"$!


ask you to run an errand for me?
Jack & Kazuki Oh-kay 
(At the supermarket)
Kazuki Jack, what does it say on the memo? Can you read it for
me?

% 
! !
Jack Uh, onions, carrots, potatoes, pork and chocolate.
Kazuki Ah, sounds like we
Jack What? Curry again?! But why would you put chocolate in a

% ! (' 
 
% !!
curry?

$!"(' 
 
%
 
!
(' 
 
%
Kazuki Oh yeah, that

%&!

!  

!
"#
Jack (
Kazuki Well, I
you look for some pork?
Jack OK!

Vocabulary
#Kanji$%C _ Kana J %C Romaji
machigaeru
English
to mistake something
3  3  for something else
J 6 J 6 ninjin carrot
4 W X +E   jagaimo potato
2   ` + kakushiaji secret ingredient
H I  I otsukai errand
KL c3E tamanegi onion
Z  J  butaniku
sagasu
pork
to search, to look
- aC warui
for
I'm sorry

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

 3
C #Y#$%5

   I confused the boarding time for the
3  :
3
 train, so I was late.
J 6Y
&5 ` c   Carrots are good for your health.
Boil the potatoes and smash them.

LC: 986_LI_S4L7_040809 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
TOW X :
3"5 $  The secret ingredient of curry is
 E

& 2 34 different for each family.
I went to a nearby drugstore on an
H I Y
CG  J

C errand.
Cutting up an onion makes your eyes tear
KL:
 up.

Y
G  

YZ  ./
 ` + Pork is cheap.
 ! + I lost my cell phone. I searched all over


 3
C #Y#$%5

   town, but I couldn't find it.
I confused the boarding time for the
3 :
3
 train, so I was late.
J 6Y
&5 ` c   Carrots are good for your health.
TOW X :
3"5$ Boil the potatoes and smash them.
The secret ingredient of curry is
 E

& 2 34 different for each family.
I went to a nearby drugstore on an
H I Y
CG  J

C errand.
Cutting up an onion makes your eyes tear
KL:
 up.

Y
G  

YZ  ./
 ` + Pork is cheap.
 ! + I lost my cell phone. I searched all over
town, but I couldn't find it.

5 Grammar Points
Today's grammar point is "V-te form + moraenai?," which is used to express a
request. This expression is the same as the one we studied in the last lesson
("V-te form + kurenai?"), which we use to make requests to persons in-group:
family members, close friends and so on. In other words, these expressions are
very casual.

However, the politeness level is slightly different. "V-te form + moraenai?,"

which we will focus on today, is a little more polite. Please note that you should
say moraenai with rising intonation to make the phrase a request.

Today's example is the phrase spoken by Kazuki's mother, who makes a casual
request that Jack and Kazuki go on an errand. Please note that it is possible to
substitute kurenai for moraenai in this situation.

LC: 986_LI_S4L7_040809 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-04-08

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

1& example:
0Today's 2 3456% ! 7
Futari de otsukai ni itte moraenai?
Can I ask you two to run an errand for me?

Formation:

V-te form + moraenai? (with rising intonation)


Examples:
 =J F+  56% ! 7
Tar "
#
!



 !&


Taro, the chair broke, so could you fix it?

  
 3
 56% ! 7

O-k 

 !
 !&


Mom, can you wake me up at 6 o'clock tomorrow?

B YN  56% ! 7

Kono shorui o kopii shite moraenai?
Can you copy this document for me?
6 Misusages:
The following kinds of misusages are common. When you make a request to someone
who is a stranger or is of a higher status, it's best to avoid using "V-te form +
moraenai?" This expression is too casual.


 B Y
56% ! 7

  &!&


×
Buch
Manager, can you look at this document for me?

×   Y%56% ! 7

Sensei nihongo o oshiete moraenai?
Mr., can you teach me Japanese?

LC: 986_LI_S4L7_040809 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-04-08

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

LC: 986_LI_S4L7_040809 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-04-08

 


 

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"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

Journey to Japan 4

8 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
Formal English
2
2
3
3
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 5
 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formal Kanji

 
 
  !"#

$%!&'() *+,-
 . *+, /012&
)! )3415--6
 789:;5-

<!=5-
5>6
?.!5-67895-5@A34BCDE

'() 34FGHIJKLM&
 NO8P&JKLM!1=8P%&
Q R JS#BT UVW! X!1=8P%&
)5>>>UVW!YTN2&
U FZ Y[1=8P%&
\] 34LX^5>>>6&_&_TN&
'( M`8N:a& bc&
5>6
?)`de8 ] &
 Nd f!2 )BR&

Formal Kana
2 %g  W 
  ] ;<<h!"#
%g i%!&'() %<j-
 . %<j "12&
)! )3415--6%g h%89:;5-
%g <!=5-
5>6%g .!5-6h%895-5@A34B#d9E

%g '() 34! ] W2 ] ( ] L&
 NO8P& ] ( ] L!1=8P%&
h hS#BT UVW! j!1=8P%&
)5>>>UVW!OkTN2&
U !l Okd1=8P%&

LC: 996_LI_S4L8_042209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-04-22

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
N ] 34Lj^5>>>6&_&_TN&
'( `8N:a& bc&
5>6%g )`de8 ] &

 Nd !2 )B
&

Formal Romanization
Kazuki Jakku, ky
 

 
 
Jakku  
 











  
Kazuki Wakatta. J




Jakku Iy




 



A, are risu da!! Kazuki, tsukamaey

Kazuki Okk

Jakku. Kazuki Yatt


! 

 "
Kazuki J
 




    



Jakku Sumimas 
# 








Ts   Utsuranai node, m
$








A... m
$


 


M
%%
 

 




Sukoshi, risu o sagete... S
#

3 Ja, torimasu y
& 
$'
Jakku. Kazuki Arigat
  

Jakku Sugoi, kotte ta ne, ano hito.

Formal English
Kazuki Jack, where do you want to go today?
Jack Hmm, will you take me someplace with lots of nature?
Kazuki Alright. Let (




)


Jack Well well, the air on Mt. Takao is so nice. Oh look, it (

a squirrel! Let (

$
$


* 
Kazuki OK!
Jack & Kazuki Alright! We got him! (squirrel yelps)
Kazuki Hey, let (




$
 +
% $

 




LC: 996_LI_S4L8_042209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-04-22

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
squirrel.
Jack Excuse me, would you take a picture for us?
Passerby I(



 



  







%
$
Uh  
 






 



$



 

step to the right? And can you hold the squirrel a little
bit lower? Yes, yes that (





$
Jack & Kazuki Thank you!
Jack Wow, that guy was really particular about his camerawork.

Vocabulary
J 

Kanji  Kana
h  Romaji English
X  j  utsuru
sagaru
to be photographed
to step back, to
move down
f 
  koru
(intransitive)
to be into sth, to
/0 " 
be immersed in
" h" k air
789  h%89  tsurete iku to take someone
X^  j^  tsukamaeru
sageru
to catch, to arrest
to lower(transitive)

4
Vocabulary Sample Sentences
JK
S#RJ! &

 X!& Someone I don't know is in the picture.
B



 f! & My blood pressure has dropped.
/0
 & This car has an elaborate design.

L*
# 4
"& The air is dry.
I take my girlfriend to a high-class
_B
L789"1j& restaurant.
B
 
 LX^8N& Please catch that fish.
This medicine reduces your blood
JK
S#RJ! & pressure.

 X!& Someone I don't know is in the picture.
B



 f! & My blood pressure has dropped.
/0
 & This car has an elaborate design.
The air is dry.

LC: 996_LI_S4L8_042209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

L*
 # 4
"& I take my girlfriend to a high-class
_B
L789"1j& restaurant.
B
 
 LX^8N& Please catch that fish.
This medicine reduces your blood
pressure.

Grammar Points
Today's grammar point is "V-te form + itadakemasen ka?," which expresses a polite
request. Itadakemasen is the negative masu form of itadaku. The verb itadaku is an
honorific verb of morau. In the last lesson, we studied an expression used to make
a request to persons in-group ("V-te form + moraenai?"), which is only permitted
in very casual situations. The expression we will focus on today, "V-te form +
itadakemasen ka," is the honorific version of "V-te form + moraenai?" When you'd
like to make a polite request to someone like a stranger or a non-peer, this
expression is the best one to use.

Today's examples are from a conversation between a passerby and Jack (Kazuki).
Therefore, they are using polite Japanese and making polite requests to each
other. In today's example 1, Jack asked a passerby to take a picture for him. The
other two examples are the requests (or instructions) by the passerby for Jack to
move.
5
JToday's
KLM!example
11:=8P%&
Shashin o totte itadakemasen ka.
Would you take a picture for us?

UVW! X!1=8P%&
Today's example 2:

M
$








Could you take a step back?

FToday's
Z Yexample
[3:1=8P%&
Ippo migi ni ugoite itadakemasen ka.
Could you take one more step to the right?

LC: 996_LI_S4L8_042209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-04-22

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formation:

V-te form + itadakemasen ka.


Examples:
B=#TN=  91=8P%&
Sensei kono mondai ga tokenai n desu kedo oshiete itadakemasen ka.
Teacher, I can't figure out this problem. Could you show me how to solve it?

NO8P&jB 

#TN=  
 L ] 1=8P%&
Sumimasen. Tomu-san no dai-fan nan desu kedo kore ni sain o shite itadakemasen ka.
Excuse me. I'm a big fan of yours, Tom. Could you sign this for me?

NO8P& 
BL ] 1=8P%&

Sumimasen. Tanaka-sensei, nihon-go no sakubun o naoshite itadakemasen ka.
Excuse me. Mr. Tanaka, would you correct my essay?

Review:

The expressions we studied in the last three lessons are in the table below,
listed in order of decreasing politeness from the top.
6
Function Expressions 1=8P%& Politeness Level
Making a request V-te form + US9# Very polite
V-te form +
V-te form +
"# Very casual

LC: 996_LI_S4L8_042209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-04-22

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

A Slight Possibility

9 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
Formal English
2
2
3
3
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 5
 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formal Kanji

 
 
 !
"#$%&'()

* +,'(-./,0.$%&12)3
465 78 9:.
*<;=9>(/?@'ABC9>(
DE#./?F@'()
 ;=9>(
G#.H 5 ,%:I
 8JKL ??M 9>M 8 '(
N3 A&O>()

* +?PQR'(S??M 8 '()
 TE.UWVXYZ[\)&]M ^ 8 '(
[\X
??M 8 )A9_>`

* a) L .b)A9_>`c
 defg>O 
h . JK fij9 8 ;^#.klUWmWmWnoM 8 '(
l'.pWmWmWnoqM 8 '(S

* 3OOM. JK M +?
r'()tss

Formal Kana
2 8  uv9wx 
 2;
; L7   8  uv9w"#$%&'()
8  * +,'(-./,0.$%&12)3
78 9. 8  *<;A,9>(/?u3'A)3
9>(
^w,#./?S,3'()
; L7  ; L7 ;A,9>(
u#.,%3
 8
9^ L ??M 9>M 8 
'(y3 A&O>()
8  * +?z9>O'(S??M 8 '()
; L7  ^,.U<9{,)) L |w$,)&)OM ^ 8 '
(
|w$,z
??M 8 )A9_>`
8  * _) L .}()A9_>`c

LC: LI_S4L9_050609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-05-06

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
; L7  #
f)>O 
v)9.
9^f$,
{,9 8 ;^#.M
^UWmWmW>
OM 8 '(
^'.pWmWmW>O#&M 8 '(S
3O OM.
9^M +?
8 )'()tss
8  *

Formal Romanization
Tanteijimusho doa ni tsuite iru beru no oto

Tokugawa Kimi Gomenkudas  
 

  *
 



Tantei X S







Watakushi, Tantei X to m  
  

 
  
  



kaiketsu shimasu.
Ky
Tokugawa Kimi Tokugawa Kimi to m  
Jitsu wa, uchi no ike ni ita nishikigoi ga inakunatte
shimatta n desu. Mitsukete moraemasu ka.

 U  !












Tantei X Sonna no asameshi mae desu yo. Itsu inakunatta n desu ka.
Tokugawa Kimi Kin
Ryok 



  



 
  
Tantei X Dare ka ga, nusunda kamo shiremasen ne.

3  !



  
""
Tokugawa Kimi Hannin o tsukamaete kudasai.
Mukashi, nishikigoi o k
100-man-en datta n desu.
3-biki de, 300-man-en haratta n desu yo.
Tantei X E, nishikigoi tte sonna ni takai n desu ka!!

Formal English
A private investigator #

$$
%


&''
 
Kimi Tokugawa Excuse me, is this the office of Detective X?

# ''
'(
 

)    

 


&


Detective X Yes it is. Please come in and have a seat. I am Detective
X, and I

#

 
  
*



'
"


" 
matter?
KT I

LC: LI_S4L9_050609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-05-06

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
have disappeared. Can you help me find them?
DX That should be easy. When did they disappear?
KT Yesterday, when I came back from a week-long trip abroad.
They may have disappeared while I was away.
DX Your fish may have been stolen by someone.
KT Please catch the culprit. When I bought them some time
ago, each colored carp cost me 1,000,000 yen. I paid
3,000,000 yen all together for those three fish!
DX Huh, colored carp are that expensive?!

Vocabulary
 Kanji  uv 9w
Kana Romaji
jimusho
English
office, talent
@ u3 agency
BC( )3( jiken case, incident
F@ S,3 kaiketsu suru

to resolve, to solve
YZ[\ ) L |w$, y

business
bv }(v kaigai ryok overseas trip
q, #&, nusumu to steal

8   harau to pay
)3 tantei detective
JK
9^ kakeru to sit
4 ij( $,
{,( nishikigoi
 !

colored carp
k to purchase

Vocabulary Sample Sentences



\M 8
T
.@ L
 $M 8 I went to the detective's office.
 e@fBC9 8 An incident occured last night.
F@f 8
 c 8 The murder case was solved.

y
YZ[\
\ I asked what they wanted.
I'm going on a trip abroad during summer
e

z fbv vacation.


fq 7 ?'.
f
8 I steal a persimmon from someone's yard.


?| 8  I left the store without paying.
(

f)3 I want to be a detective.
I sit in a chair.

LC: LI_S4L9_050609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
JK #; Ar

^2

|f

ij9 8 Colored carp are very expensive.


\M 8 I purchased three cooked rice balls.
T
.@ L
 $M 8 I went to the detective's office.
 e@fBC9 8 An incident occured last night.
F@f 8
 c 8 The murder case was solved.

y
YZ[\
\ I asked what they wanted.
I'm going on a trip abroad during summer
e

z fbv vacation.


fq 7 ?'.
f
8 I steal a persimmon from someone's yard.


?| 8  I left the store without paying.
(

f)3 I want to be a detective.
JK #; Ar
 I sit in a chair.
^2

|f

ij9 8 Colored carp are very expensive.
I purchased three cooked rice balls.

Grammar Points

aThe) Lfocus
.bofthis
)Alesson
9_>`iscExpressing Possibility
Dareka ga, nusunda kamo shiremasen ne.
Your fish may have been stolen by someone.

5 )A9_?
shirenai), which becomes
)A9_>`
Today we'll look at how to express possibility using the phrase
kamo shiremasen) in formal Japanese.
kamo

Possibility

Kamo shirenai is a phrase indicating that something is possible, but that the
speaker is uncertain whether or not it is true, making it a very weak form of
expressing conjecture.
Kamo shirenai is placed at the end of a sentence or clause and directly follows
)A9_?
verbs, adjectives and nouns.
Verb +

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"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
\)A9_?
\M 8 )A9_? iku kamo shirenai
itta kamo shirenai
(they) might go
(they) might have gone
)A9_?
)A9_?
I-adjective +

)M 8 )A9_? atsui kamo shirenai

atsukatta kamo shirenai
it might be hot
it might have been hot

) A9_?

^_)A9_?
Na-adjective +

^_M 8 )A9_? kirei kamo shirenai

kirei datta kamo shirenai
it might be beautiful
it might have been
beautiful

) A9_?

c$)A9_? 
WU
Noun +

c$M 8 )A9_? neko kamo shirenai

neko datta kamo shirenai
it might be a cat
it might have been a cat

(*1) The copula (linking verb) da does not precede kamo shirenai in the present
tense.

Examples from this lesson

6
Examples from this dialog:

1.
[\X
??M 8 )A9_>`  U
Ryoko no aida ni, inaku natta no kamo shiremasen.

2.
a) L . b)A9_>`c
"They may have disappeared while I was away."

Dareka ga, nusunda no kamo shiremasen.

U
"Your
  fish may have been stolen by someone."  
)A9)_

>
`






  







""'
 '
   
&



(&
 
(
 no and is used when offering
an explanation, as Kimi is doing in this phrase.

Sample Sentences:

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1. 
X
_)A9_?
Yakusoku no jikan ni okureru kamo shirenai.
I might be late for the appointment.

2.
$#zS|r)A9_?
Kono fuku wa ano fuku yori takai kamo shirenai.
These clothes might be more expensive than those clothes.

3.  E#)A9_?
Ashita wa ame kamo shirenai.
It might rain tomorrow.

Language Tip

Note that in informal speech, "kamo shirenai" may be shortened simply to "kamo."

 E#?)A
Ashita wa samuku naru kamo.
It might get cold tomorrow.

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Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

What do you Really Think?

10 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
Formal English
2
2
3
3
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 5
 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formal Kanji

  
  

 
 !#"$%
&'
$ 
()* %
+,$

 -. /0123456   7( 
&'
$

  8#9:;<=/>?  %:
-. / @=/$=: * %
+,$

 ;<A$=$CBBBD
E:F0
G?  %:HIJHIJ
+$ ( K
F
+:
-. / $GLM1$F0:=: * %
+,$
N

 F
O0
G=: * %CBBBD
(P Q ) RE:,$S??:
TU =
+
OVW
-. / 3?
XY:
Z
 [
\]:= 
 $=: * %8

OE
O@^
\=: * %
+,$
N

Formal Kana
2 %  $  
 $G ^

 $ *
_( :G
 $`  1
a$!
b 1$%
+c^
$ 
()* %
+d
O$
%  $ 1
e 7 f
+11
34:$   7( 
+c^
$
%  $  8 _( : )g :h  =f
+3?  %:

1
e 7 f
+ji=f
+$=: * %
+d
O$
%  $ h   k $=$CBBBD
=:d
+1
G?  %:HIJHIJ
+$
( 3l d
++:
1
e 7 f
+j$Gmndd1$d
+1:=: * %
+d
O$
N
%  $ d
+O1
G=: * %CBBBD
(P =o ) p:=:d
O$ ) ??:
$=
+
O` *  ( 

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1
e 7  f
+j3?

Formal Romanization
Tantei X Koko ga, Kimi-san no ie no niwa desu ne.
 
      
Soshite, 1-ssh

3-biki ita.
 
Tokugawa Kimi Hai, s

Tantei X Dewa, kinjo no hito ni kikikomi o kaishi shimash
Tokugawa Kimi Hai.
    
 
Tantei X Kono 1-sh

deshita ka
Kinjo no hito Hen na hito wa inakatta to omoimasu.
Tantei X Fushinsha wa inai....
Dewa, nani ka, oto wa kikoemasen deshita ka. Basha basha
to iu mizu no oto toka.
  
  
Kinjo no hito Ie, betsu ni 
Tantei X 
Oto mo kikoenakatta....
     

Sasai na koto demo kekk
Kinjo no hito Sumimasen.
fudan kara, kono atari wa shizuka na no desu ga, Kimi-san
 
 

3 no inakatta 1-sh

omoimasu yo.

Formal English
Detective X So, Kimi this is your garden - and you say that a week ago
three colored carp were here in this very pond.
 
Kimi Tokugawa Yes, I think that
   
DX Alright, let
KT Ok.
DX Have you seen any suspicious people here in the past week?
  ! "
Neighbor No, I don
around here.
"" 
DX No suspicious people#%$
sounds? Like the splish-splashing of water perhaps?

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N Nope, I don
 

 "  

DX
particular.
Didn
 
#


"  


anything else? Even the most trivial detail may help.
   "" 

N I
don


  ! 
 "   



Vocabulary

Kanji ^
Kana Romaji English
Q = o niwa
nazo
garden
mystery, puzzle,
X Y
 h )  enigma
0123 11
3 fudan
kikikomi
usual, habitual
getting information,
56 :$   investigation
;< h   kaishi suru
fushin
to start
suspicion,
TU $ sasai
strangeness
trivial, slight

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

4
4





Q )  I clean the yard.
XY:
Z



4n` His actions are mysterious.

n$  01234 I always watch what I eat.
 8
N\

456   I ask around about the incident.

;<=/ ( n$  $% The game will start at 10 a.m.
Last night a suspicious person was

  TU =
+4
 loitering about.
4

 She worries about trivial things.



Q )  I clean the yard.
XY:
Z



4n` His actions are mysterious.

n$  01234 I always watch what I eat.
 8
N\

456   I ask around about the incident.

;<=/ ( n$  $% The game will start at 10 a.m.
Last night a suspicious person was
loitering about.

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  TU =
+4
 She worries about trivial things.

Grammar Points

@The=/focus
$=of: this
* %
lesson
+,$isExpressing One's Opinion
Hen na hito wa inakatta to omoimasu.

, (

The focus of this lesson is expressing one's opinion or what they think about
something using the class 1 verb omou (
  
    

Expressing Opinion

+, (

+
To express your opinion in Japanese, you can attach to omou (
    
, (

sentence or phrase. To (




   "  
omou (
becomes to omoimasu (
+,$
   
  !       
that ~" in English.
5  Verb Sentences

It's going to rain. 


  
+, ( 
[ Ame ga furu. ]
I think it's going to rain.

  

 Z=$
+, ( 
[ (Watashi wa) ame ga furu to omou. ]
I don't think it's going to rain.

  
 * %
+, (
[ (Watashi wa) ame ga furanai to omou. ]
I think it rained.
[ (Watashi wa) ame ga futta to omou. ]

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   $

i-adjective Sentences

   $
+, ( 
The test is difficult.
[ Tesuto wa muzukashii. ]

   c=$

+, ( 
I think the test is difficult.
[ Tesuto wa muzukashii to omou. ]

   : * %
+, ( 
I don't think the test is difficult.
[ Tesuto wa muzukashikunai to omou. ]
I think the test was difficult.
[ Tesuto wa muzukashikatta to omou.

  ) 
na-adjective Sentences

  ) +, ( 

The test is easy.
[ Tesuto wa kantan da. ]

 
e k =$
+, ( 
I think the test is easy.
[ Tesuto wa kantan da to omou. ]

  )* %

+, ( 
I don't think the test is easy.
[ Tesuto wa kantan janai to omou. ]
I think the test was easy.
[ Tesuto wa kantan datta to omou. ]

6  Noun Sentences




)  +, 

) (
Miu is a student.
[ Miu wa gakusei da. ]





e k =$
+, ( 
I think Miu is a student.
[ Miu wa gakusei da to omou. ]




)* %
+, ( 
I don't think Miu is a student.
[ Miu wa gakusei janai to omou. ]
I think Miu was a student.
[ Miu wa gakusei datta to omou. ]

 
 
Note: The third example of each chart has an English translation that begins with
"I don't think

 !        
!!  

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phrase that comes before omou instead of omou itself.

MExample:


e k =$
+, ( 
Daijobu janai to omou.
I don't think it's okay.

Examples from this lesson

Examples from this dialog:

1.
$ 
()* %
+,$
 
Hai, s
  
2.
@=/$=: * %
+,$
"Yes, I think that

Hen na hito wa inakatta to omoimasu.

   ! " 
 
3.
$GLM1$F0:=: * %
+,$
N
"No, I don
  
  
 
 "   !"
Ie, betsu ni 

 $=: * %8#
OE
O@^
\=: * %
+,$
N
"Nope, I don 

7
4.
 
 
 
  ! 
 "
  


Kimi-san no inakatta issh
"I don

Sample Sentences:


 $$/ ) +,$


1.
Haruya wa ii hito da to omoimasu.





  
 $

+,$
I think Haruya is a good person.
2.
  !    
Gengo no naka de ch

Out of all languages, I think Chinese is the hardest.

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Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

What's Your Probability of Success?

11 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
Formal English
2
2
3
3
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 5
 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formal Kanji

  
 
!    %& 
' "$() *+,'

 - "" 
 
 
" $
" #
!  ) ./ 0,'1

 2 " 34/5
! - ) 46789:-3;<4 )=>?@A 69BC

 > D /5LEFML ; )=>* OGH/5P /I
! AJ - )K N 6Q/ )R)S N9TUML*/&" '1VF @>
)/*I3)W *XH;/I6/ )N / 

 --_5`abc ( Z9 Y\)[d]e[> ]^ 3fg'1
hi jkl mno&6O "$pq 6rs9Etu > 

Formal Kana
3 v L 6EL
  #  >   @ 
L;*!  ""$# %&' "  )  > *,'
2 3 - ""
L;*!  >  )> w/ 0,'1
3 Kx- TPM" 6 3PM/5
L;*! ) 69&Iy;1 9&*-/3 ;<PM ) uz
>?H@ A > 5EF; ) uz > {
/I
3  AJK LML )  ? *  > /5P "
L;*! - )  ? 63/ )> &`9TUML*/&'1V
F @>) EL*3 ) ,|*&H;/I6/ ) 
?--   > / /I  >  ZY\[][]^
3 _5`5,,I;9 ) / > 3g'1

hi jkl |E K &6  >  " y6 J F9E6
u > 

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Formal Romanization
Tantei X 
 


  
 




 




Wakaranai.... Hannin wa dare dar
Tokugawa Kimi N..!! Hiramekimashita! Watashi, hannin ga wakarimashita.
Tantei X E!!
Tokugawa Kimi Hannin wa, ningen de wa arimasen.
Tantei X D
 
 


Tokugawa Kimi Iie, neko no sh 




  
 

nureru no o kyokutan ni kirau n desu. Osoraku, mizu ni wa
chikazukanai desh
Tantei X Naruhodo. To iu koto wa, inu ga shinhannin desu ne!
Tokugawa Kimi Iie, inu no te de wa, nishikigoi o tsukamu koto ga
dekimasen yo. Sore ni, oto ga shite, rinjin ga kizuku
desh

 



 
 


 


 

wa...(Hiso hiso)
Tantei X Ee? Sugoi suiriryoku. Watashi o, deshi ni shite
itadakemasen ka.
Nar
Jikai odoroki no shinhannin! Raish


 
ni.

Formal English
3
Detective X Hmm. There were no suspicious people. No noises. I just
don
 !#"$%$%&' (
Kimi Tokugawa Wait!! I)


& &

*+
    
DX What?!
KT The culprit was not human.
DX An animal! Perhaps a cat?
KT No. Think about cat behavior. They hate getting wet more
than anything else. A cat probably wouldn

* '
near the water.
DX I see. Then a dog must be the culprit!
KT No, a dog couldn$
$
$%'$
'&   &
 
And on top of that, a dog would make so much noise that
surely the neighbors would have noticed. It couldn
)
been a dog. The culprit is!-,  &'.
DX Wow, what amazing deductive reasoning! Please, take me on

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
as your pupil!
Narrator Who is the shocking culprit? Find out on next week
broadcast!

Vocabulary
 
Kanji  6Kana
EL Romaji English
  >  mono oto sounds
TU TU han'nin
tsukamu
criminal
to grab, to hold, to
78 y1 clutch; V1
BC > &I; > sh trait
O   >  kyokutan ni extremely
abc 5,,I; shinhannin
suiriryoku
the real criminal
deductive powers,

de / 
 power of reasoning

Wrs ,| deshi disciple, pupil

J F rinjin
h
neighbor
broadcast,
broadcasting

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

4

/*
 ) M6G; > / A L A noise came from the kitchen.
6l 
9T I think the culprit lives around here.
 6 N 678L  I grabbed the steering wheel.
His habits are different from those of
BC ># LT6MLg9 A  regular dogs.
There is only one thing that I go all out
06 ) O/  doing.

>  A> ) abc* That person is not the real criminal.
In order to be a detective, you need good

de> L 3 <


9M
deductive powers.

W  Please make me your disciple.

) F6 rs< @A  I had some trouble with my neighbor.

That show will be broadcast tomorrow at

/* 9.
A noise came from the kitchen.

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
 ) M6G; > / A L
6l 
9T I think the culprit lives around here.
 6 N 678L  I grabbed the steering wheel.
His habits are different from those of
BC ># LT6MLg9 A  regular dogs.
There is only one thing that I go all out
06 ) O/  doing.

>  A> ) abc* That person is not the real criminal.
In order to be a detective, you need good

de> L 3 <


9M
deductive powers.

W  Please make me your disciple.

) F6 rs< @A  I had some trouble with my neighbor.

That show will be broadcast tomorrow at
9.

Grammar Points

NThefocus
/ ofthis
/lesson
I is Expressing Possibility with daro/desho
Inu mo hannin de wa naidesh
"It couldn
)

 "

5
Dar , the volitional form of the Japanese copula (linking verb) de aru, roughly
equates to "probably." Dar and its polite form desh are used to express that the
speaker's statement is conjecture based on some information or knowledge held by
the speaker.

Dar /Desh

Dar is the volitional form of the Japanese copula de aru, used to express that
the speaker's statement is merely conjecture. It is also used as a softening
device. The formal version of dar is desh , and other than the degree of
formality, these two terms can be used interchangeably. The terms are often found
together with probability adverbs such as tabun (probably) and kitto (surely).
When using these types of adverbs with dar
 , the speaker sounds more certain

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
about what they are saying. Note that dar
 can follow verbs (in the informal
form), adjectives and nouns.

VERBS affirmative negative

;
nonpast iku dar ( . 
ikanai dar
( .


past itta dar ( .
(

ikanakatta dar
.

-I ADJ affirmative negative

nonpast
(
t
tanoshii dar
. (
t;
tanoshiku nai dar
.

past
(
t
tanoshikatta dar
. (
t;
tanoshiku nakatta dar
.

6 -NA ADJ affirmative

 negative
(


|
nonpast shizuka dar . shizuka janai dar
( .


|

past shizuka datta dar shizuka janakatta dar
( . ( .

NOUNS affirmative
(
 negative

 |

nonpast gakusei dar . gakusei janai dar
( .

   |

past gakusei datta dar gakusei janakatta dar
( . ( .

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

1. 
 6G;  A <

K'
$ 
 
'
 
'

 6ML91  X*t >  A /I

It's probably noisy near the highway.
2.
Hont




  
 
'

 

'
You'll probably feel better if you just tell the truth.

Examples from this lesson

Examples from this dialog:

1.
 
Hannin wa dare dar .

2.
F @>) *3 )W *XH;/I
"Who could the culprit be?"

Sore ni, oto ga shite, rinjin ga kizuku desh

"And on top of that, a dog would make so much noise that surely the neighbors
would have noticed."

7 Sample Sentences:

1.
&L
T6  
Kitto katsu no wa kanojo dar

2.
   @A 
"Surely the girl will be the one who wins."

Asu wa hareru dar

"It'll probably clear up tomorrow."

Language Tips

 "

* 
 dar or desh with rising intonation, the speaker is seeking the

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"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

]
   6/I_
listener's agreement, much like the English tag question "right?".


Son 

 


 
(
Sony is a Japanese company, right?

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Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

What Did You Expect?

12 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
English
2
2
3
3
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 5
 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formal Kanji

  
 
 !"#$!%&
#'()*+,-./
0 ,)123$456!&
789: ; 6'!&1<=>?@AB,C!DE&
FGHI)3J23,C$E&
 K'L)<=GMNOLPD#)23,)QR$<=>STUWV
XYZ[\'(#!DE]&
789: ; 6 ; 6&23,)<=>^'[\,C$E&
$'B)23^[\'>_#M)`abcDD456&
 [()23,) ; R!deL\B!D,CE]&
bf\4)cgh6$i6#&
789: ,,G) ; 6$!& ; R!Jjk!23D!DE!&
l 4)mnopGMqcrR)@s@s_tLuvwx!'Gy
]&
 l qcrR,)z3[({|>}~[y,C$E]&

Formal Kana

  
[R€Rq4
2 r46I bDI‚ƒ„6!,!#$!%&
#'()k……,BD#†6/
@y#,)4I,RLR$4q(6!&
F$‡i ; 6'!&4IL#ˆD>?@AB,C!DE&
FGHI)LR€R,RLR,C$E&
r46I y#'L)L#ˆDGM‰R46Ly'D#),RLR,)Š
bR$L#ˆD>STUWVXYZ[6'(#!DE]
&
F$‡i ; 6 ; 6&,RLR,)L#ˆD>^'[6,C$E&
$'B),RLR^[6'>r#M)yD‰bcDD
4q(6&
r46I [(),RLR,) ; R!'RyRL6B!D,CE]&
bf64)cgh6$i6#&
F$‡i ,,G) ; 6$!& ; R!Šk!,RLRD!DE!&
l 4)4?@opGMqcrR)@s@syRMDLyv‡
…E6!'Gy]&

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
r46I l  qcrR,)‡4I[(
kR>'Dk…[y,C$
E]&

Formal Romanization
 
  
 


Kono suiri dorama bimy
 
Puts

Shikamo, ketsumatsu wa raish

Sat

S







Watashi wa, tori ga hannin da to omou na.
Yamada Hiroki

Sat
Tashika ni, nishikigoi tte hont




Yappari, ningen ga hannin no hazu da yo.

nusunda nishikigoi o netto  




S!




   
ne.
Yamada Hiroki
Dakara, hannin ga doko de uru ka o sagashite, taiho sureba



ii to omou.



Sat Demo, hannin wa, sonna kantan ni uranai hazu yo ne.

 




Sugu uru to, barechau dar
Yamada Hiroki Haha, s


Ato, Tokugawa Kimi tte o-basan, wazawaza tantei ni tanomu



hitsuy

3 Sat Ano o-basan wa, hitori demo kono jiken o kaiketsu dekita
hazu da yo ne.

English
Click (the sound of a TV going off)

"#

$$ 

%&'

Shinri Sato The story on this detective drama is kind of lame. And
they

"% %(% (#'

bird did it.
Hiroki Yamada Really? But a bird couldn
think a human must have done it after all.
SS Well, it is true that colored carp are really expensive.
The culprit might want to sell the stolen carp on an
Internet auction.
HY Yeah, they probably just want to sell the carp somewhere.

LC: LI_S4L12_061709 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-06-17

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
I think they just need to find out where this criminal is

" %%

%'$
planning to sell them and arrest him.
SS But the culprit couldn

"

(

%
#
 


tries to do it too soon, he might get caught.

"%% 

HY Haha, you
does seem like Kimi Tokugawa didn
of her way to hire a detective.
SS Looks like the old lady could have solved the case all by
herself.

Vocabulary

Kanji ‚ƒ „6
Kana Romaji
bimy 
English
subtle, difficult,
?@A ?@A kuwaeru
questionable
to hold in one's
c c bareru
mouth
to leak out (a
secret), to be
wx ‡ …E6 
exposed
*+ k…… hitsuy necessary, essential
`ab yD‰b ketsumatsu end, conclusion
Jjk Šk taiho suru to arrest
4 manuke idiot

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

L
64i l &
1)

>?@AMD& There's a slightly different spot.

cy& A bird is holding a branch in its mouth.
 ?
M)  ?
4wx[b& It was found out that I had cheated.
It's necessary to go to sleep early and

*+>  ?
IyD& wake up early.
I really want to know how the story
23>`a#y& ended.
Jjk!23>`a#y& The criminal was arrested.
L
64i l & The stupid criminal was arrested.
1)

>?@AMD& There's a slightly different spot.
A bird is holding a branch in its mouth.

LC: LI_S4L12_061709 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

cy&
 ?
M)  ?
4wx[b& It was found out that I had cheated.
It's necessary to go to sleep early and

*+>  ?
IyD& wake up early.
I really want to know how the story
23>`a#y& ended.
Jjk!23>`a#y& The criminal was arrested.
The stupid criminal was arrested.

Grammar Points

FTheGH I)3ofJthis
focus 23lesson
,Cis$Expressing
E& Expectation with hazu

Yappari, ningen ga hannin no hazu da yo.

I think a human must have done it after all.

Today's grammar point is hazu, which is a noun used to indicate one's assumptions.
It corresponds to "should be" or "ought to be" in English.

Formation

5 Hazu directly follows verbs and -i adjectives in plain form, -na adjectives
followed by na and nouns followed by the particle no (these are necessary because
hazu functions as a noun). In informal speech, hazu is usually followed by the
copula da.
Hazu ga nai is the negative sentence of hazu, but you can also say hazu nai,
dropping the ga.

' ,C

[ Verb/i-adjectives (plain) + hazu ]

#D,C wakaru hazu

muzukashii hazu
[L,* ',C[b&
Mokuy  
 
 
N
#D,C!D&
We should know the result by Thursday.

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
Kono hon ga muzukashii hazu ga nai.
There is no way this book is difficult.

D!,C
[ Na-adjective (stem) + na hazu ]
kirei na hazu
; 

UW,D!,C[b&
Sono ap 

 
; 

UW,
'BD[PD,C!D&
I expect that the apartment is clean.

Sono ap 


 


That apartment is far from the station, so it shouldn't be expensive.



 ,C
[ Noun + no hazu ]
sh 




,)K' 

 ,C$&
Kare no musuko wa, tashika sh 
 

,
3G
D[ 

 ,C!D&
I am pretty sure his son is an elementary student.


Kare no musume wa otonappoi no de sh gakusei no hazu ga nai.
His daughter seems mature, so she can't be an elementary student.

6 Examples from this lesson

Examples from this dialog:

1.
1<=>?@AB,C!DE&FGHI)3J23,C$E&
Tori ga nishikigoi o kuwaerareru hazu ga nai yo. Yappari, ningen ga hannin no

"% %(% (#'


hazu da yo.
"But a bird couldn

2.
23,)<=>^'[\,C$E&
done it after all."

Hannin wa, nishikigoi o dokoka de uru hazu da yo.

3.
[()23,) ; R!deL\B!D,CE]&
"Yeah, they probably just want to sell the carp somewhere."

Demo, hannin wa, sonna kantan ni uranai hazu yo ne.

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

-
qthe
l"But crculprit 3[("{%|%>}~[y,
C%$
R,)zcouldn 
E]&
Ano obasan wa, hitori demo kono jiken o kaiketsu dekita hazu da yo ne.
"Looks like the old lady could have solved the case all by herself."

Sample Sentences:

D…('!,C),#D&




1.
Itsumo shizuka na hazu no k
. @IL, ?,C[b&
The
 park is 
always

quiet, but it's noisy today.



  
2.
Sh
You should receive them by the end of the week.

Language Tip



&#

%%

 hiragana only.

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

Tell Someone Else in Japan to Do This!

13 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
English
2
2
3
4
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 6
 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formal Kanji

  
 
!
"#$ 
% $ 
&  '()*

+  "  , "-./.012 345 $ ,678

 9: # ;<=9>?@>
A
B  .DC >EFGH
& I "J KLMN=
DO9P "Q.R DDO
Q\  Q. S  .TU DVVVV B WX LMN=GHYZ .[

& YZ] "^_.  "R 7)`
YZ [ &a bcedfgh8i [j , "k hl5 $ ,m48
YZ [ & no] " 8) " pq7)
%
no 4rVVV
YZ [ & Q. K pqt95 ,67)
% $ 
u vsw N" x5 B y H$ 
no dfgh8i
) Q !t "0 z{8
B | .}
H~ € /. Y, " 5 $ ,‚PP{ #"
2 gz " pq7)9ƒ

Formal Kana

 „ k… 8†7I
‡8, 2  $… 

! "#$ 
% $ 
„ 
k% … 8‡ 2 ‡ˆ% $ F)*

$ x) " ‡, " : .‰Š. ˆK 2 45 $ ,
78

 9: # ;<=9>?@>
A

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
B   .DC 
> gF
Š H
„ k… 8‡ 2 I " ˆ% $ KLMN=
% $
DO9P "Q. ˆ)9DDO
QH Q.9i
)  $. ) Š$ DVVVV B WX LMN=
Š
 . †%
„ k… 8‡ 2 )9F "^  .  " ˆ)97)`
% $
)9† 2 % $ a K $ x{gh8i†, "k h 9 5 $ ,z)48
9c
)9† 2 % $ 5 xF " 8) "  $… pq7)
%

5x 4rVVV
)9† 2 % $ Qˆ.  84 K " pqt95 $ ,7)
% $ 
$ h% $ w Nx5 B xtH
5x K $ x{gh8i
) Q !t " ˆz{8
B QQ
.Q 4
H~  …  .$ 4P, " $… 5 $ ,)
. PP{ #" gz " pq7)9ƒ

Formal Romanization
 
 
3 Rep Miyajima bussan de wa shain ga mainichi toire s
iru n desu ka. Sore wa, d  

Miyajima shach Shain o ky  
Watashi wa, shain ni, hoka no hito no kimochi o kangaeru
y 
Rep Naruhodo. Yun 

(Toire no doa ga aku oto)


Miyajima shach Sate, ky  
 a    c
N! nan da, kono kitanai toire wa!
Koko no seis
Tanaka no busho ka.

Miyajima shach  Tanaka-kun, 2-kai no toire, kitanakatta zo.

     
 a  c
Tanaka M
buch

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"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Tanaka buch  Yoshikawa-kun, mata, toire s


   
yoshikawa e?... Hai.
Tanaka buch  Kono mae mo, saboranai y
a c 
Ky    
Yoshikawa M      

(Kokoro no koe de)( Shinjin no Ueda ni, s 
 
tanonda n da kedo, aitsu, sabotta na.)

English
Reporter Do the employees at Miyajima Trading clean the toilets
every day? Why is that?
President For the purpose of employee training. I tell my employees
Miyajima to think about how other people feel.
R I see. That is a unique idea.
(sound of a toilet door opening)
PM Okay, well let     

 

 
this dirty toilet?! Who is in charge of the cleaning here?
(sound of checking a notepad) Ah, this is Tanaka 
department.
PM Ms. Tanaka, the second floor toilet is awfully dirty.
     
4 Section Chief
Tanaka (Fem.)
I apologize. I




SCT Yoshikawa, you skipped out on your toilet cleaning duties

again didn 


Yoshikawa Wha?... Yes
SCT Didn       


 

responsibilities? I      



Y I    


       





(internal voice) I told that new guy, Ueda, to do the
cleaning, but it looks like he skipped out.

Vocabulary

Kanji
‡ 
Kana Romaji English
 
 $…
shain
s

company employee
cleaning

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
01 2 ˆ K 2

R ˆ)9 kimochi
kitanai
feeling
dirty, unclean,

TU ) Š$ 

filthy

[ jl † tant (in) charge

k 
h k h9
buka
yarinaosu
subordinate
to start over, to do
pq I
 over
€ /  …  saboru to skip, to sabotage

[&& † % shinjin new face, newcomer

‡ 2 2 % $ $ buch
shach


department head
boss, company
'( ˆ% $ F ky 
president
" 
S \ i $ to educate
seis
[ †% busho
cleaning
department, post of
duty

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

+  " 
 .  

    I work for Toyota.
g9) .012 xh8 I clean the yard.

[  R 
I know how you feel.

5 J ," 
 
7 )


  .TU
 The room is messy.
I'm in charge of garbage duty this week.
[
j  k hl) I got mad at my subordinate.
 pq7) I redid the calculation.
€ /   . h,F I skipped class.
New company employees go reserve a spot
YZI [ &
 for cherry blossom viewing.
x)&
 Mr./Ms. Tanaka is a good manager.

4
, " € '( I'm a (company) president.
  
 "  S  I train new employees in April.

[+ \  #
2  t
  We clean the streets on Sundays.

 What department do you belong to?
 ". I work for Toyota.
g9) .012 xh8 I clean the yard.

[  R  
I know how you feel.

J "

.TU

The room is messy.
I'm in charge of garbage duty this week.

LC: LI_S4L13_070809 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-07-08

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
[ ,7)
j  k hl) I got mad at my subordinate.
 pq7) I redid the calculation.
€ /   . h,F I skipped class.
New company employees go reserve a spot
YZI &
 for cherry blossom viewing.
x)&
[ Mr./Ms. Tanaka is a good manager.

4
, " € '( I'm a (company) president.
  
 "  S  I train new employees in April.

[ \  #2 t

We clean the streets on Sundays.
What department do you belong to?

Grammar Points
~ 5 $ ,6 $ ƒ
+The "Focus
 ,of"This
-./.012 345 $ ,678
Lesson is the Indirect Imperative:

"I tell my employees to think about how other people feel."

~y  ~ 5 $ ,6 $ ƒ      
 
 
talking about someone being told or requested to do something.

Formation

6 ~ 5 $ ,ƒ        6 $ a
The action that someone is being told or requested to do comes before

 
iu) meaning "to
6 $    
‚  a
) "to request,"
m4 a
say," but it is possible to use other verbs in place of
tsutaeru) "to pass on" [a message] and
tanomu
meijiru)  …  a
"to order," among others.

Let's look at an example:

  "  5 $ ,6 $ 
Haha ga, mainichi benky  
"My mother tells me to study every day."

In this sentence, the word

6 $ a
iu) shows that my mother tells me to study. We
can tell whether what is being said is a request or command by the verb that is
used at the end.

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

5 , 6 $
V‚DVm4V  … $  )
Informal verb verb (expressing a request or command, such as

More examples:
5 $ ,
 
Request / Command
5 $ , (yo ni)
6Verb
$
Translation
"to tell (someone)
 $  )

(benky (y
5 $ , )
‚(iu)
 to study"
"to ask (someone)
(tamago (y

  o kau) 5 $ , )
m 4
(tanomu) to buy eggs"
"to tell (someone)
(ashita
 kuru) (y
 5 $ , )
 
(tsutaeru) to come tomorrow"
"to order(someone)
(shigoto o suru) (y ) (meirei suru) to do his job"

Note that you can use a verb in the negative form before
5 $ ,
5 ,
 9/ Command 5 $$ ,

Request (yo ni)
6Verb
$
Translation
"to tell (someone)
(chikoku shinai) (y
5  ,
$
)
‚(iu)
 not to be late"
"to ask (someone)
(y ) (tanomu) not to be late"
7
It didn't appear in the dialogue, but it's worth noting that we can also use the
verb at the end of this construction in the passive voice. In that case, the
person who is doing the telling or requesting will be marked by the particle
, a
ni).

5 ,
  / Command 5 $$ , (yo ni) 
Request 6Verb
x!) Translation
"(I) was told to work
(zangy  ) (y )
  L 5 $ , ‚(iwareta)
 8!) overtime."
"(I) was asked to give
(sup   ) (y  ) (tanomareta) a speech."

Examples from this Lesson

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Examples from this Dialogue:

1.
+  "  , "-./.012 345 $ ,678
Watashi wa, shain ni, hoka no hito no kimochi o kangaeru y  
[j , "k hl5 $ ,m48
"I tell my employees to think about how other people feel."
2.
Buka ni, yarinaosu y  

Q.s K " pqt95 $ ,67)

% $ 
"I'll tell my subordinates to do it again."
3.
Kono mae mo, saboranai y 

4.
€"Didn't
/. Y, " 5 $ ,‚P{ #" gz " pq7)9
I tell you before not to shirk your responsibilities?"

Shinjin no Ueda ni, s

   
 
"I told that new guy Ueda to do the cleaning, but it looks like he skipped
out."

Sample Sentences


Japanese
, Romaji "English"

1P7 F5 $ ,‚ Tomodachi ni terebi "I asked my friend to

 gemu o motte kuru you bring the video game."

8   " 
,9 ni tanonda.
5 $ ,67) Sensei wa, seito ni
asobanai you ni itta.
"The teacher told the
students not to play
  1 7F5 around."

$ ,m 4) Hanko o motte kuru "I told (them) to bring

8
,  
 x you ni tsutaeta. their name stamps."
ti5 $ ,  ) Ashita made ni "I ordered (them) to
 shigoto o owaraseru
you ni meirei shita.
finish their work by
tomorrow."

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

Japanese Embedded Questions: I Don't Know WHO will come!

14 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
English
2
2
3
3
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 5
 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formal Kanji

 
  
  
 !
"#$ %& '( )*+,- .

*+,- ./.0 123 !
45 .& )2671
 8 9:;: <=> ?@ A)
  :4  B- .67) .
 ,C
DE
FG<- 4&H 1:,I-
 J)3 
"#$ %:KLBMNJ.0 :O)

%& KL+PQ<RS- .S.0 1JT :UO)
V  
W
X Y
 
 :ZX
 <PB[? .67) 

\^]]]_)2`a 2:1
bc def_gh<iS
1
"#$ !bc def_P<- .jk) >a 

2 Formal Kana
1lm  
n?m  
o a8  
\0  O> !
"#$ S & . )2I+- .
1lm 2I+- .S.0 123 !4n0 .& )2O71

o a8 8 9:p : <=> ?@ O)
o a8  :4n?m  B- .O7) .
 0  qa
O3a
o a +<- 4&H 1:m I-

o a8 J)3 
"#$ S : r@ B.sJ.0 :O)
1lm S & r@ +18 <lS- .S.0 1JT :UO
)

LC: LI_S4L14_072209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-07-22

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

V  
)k
nY
o a8 1lm :\ 
 <1<B& ? .O7)

1lm \^]]]_)2`a 2:1n?m
bc def_? >
<.S1
"#$ !bc def_1<<- ..+k) >a 

Formal Romanization
Naoko P
 
 
 

Y Hai. P
 


 


Jen Watashi mo sanka shimasu. Dare ga kuru n desu ka.
Naoko Darega kuru ka wakaranai n da yo ne. Itsu hiraku ka mo
mada kimete nai mitai.
Y Ja, boku, P

 

 


Y P



 
 
 


P
 Raish  

  
Y Ikemasu yo.
Jen Watashi wa, shigoto o katazukete kara, ikimasu.
Naoko Watashi mo shigoto ga nanji ni owaru ka wakaranai kedo,

3 tabun ikimasu.

( P
  

Y Naoko-san, ashita no p
  


kimemashita?
Naoko A... mada. S
 
  
 
 
kawanai?
Jen Ii desu ne. Purezento nani ni suru ka kangaemash

English
Naoko Are you going to Payter! " 

Yuji Yes, I want to get a look at Payter!# $
Jenny I! 
  %
 $ 
Naoko You know, I! 
&
 $






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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
isn!
"

Yuji

Well, okay, I!$$ 


Yuji Payter, have you decided when you! 
 

" 
moving party?
Payter 


I! $
 
"


" 
 
everyone come?
Yuji Yeah, we can come.
Jenny
  
I!$$ 

 
&
 


# 
Naoko 
I!$  
#


&
 # 



but I should be going too.

(The day before the party)

Yuji Naoko, did you decide what you!

 


 

Naoko Oh, not yet. Oh yeah, why don!
#$$
   

moving present?
Jenny  
Great. Let!

  
#

  

 


Vocabulary
KanjiKL  r@
Kana Romaji English
MNJ- .sJ- shigoto work, job
4 katazukeru to get done with, to
gh< ? > < tidy up
 n?m issho ni together
 O> hikkoshi moving
'(-  .- shinkyo new house
5 n0 sankasuru to join
[? & ? hiraku
motte iku
to throw (a party)
to take

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

KLB 2 
KL+RS?
:

BMNJ-  Please give me a job.
(I) finished my work, so I'll put away
gh<
e ^f_<O) >a  all my tools.
Let's go to a concert together.

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
,
 - 
  <?  I'm moving next month.
 <'(  I want to move into a new house soon.
,C:




X  +5.I- I'd like to join the party.
 They are going to throw a birthday party
 +
?- .0 :

B[?.1  next week in Roppongi.
10 1 It's raining, so I have to take an
KLB 2  umbrella.
KL+RS?
:

BMNJ-  Please give me a job.
(I) finished my work, so I'll put away
gh<
e ^f_<O) >a  all my tools.
,
 -  Let's go to a concert together.
  <?  I'm moving next month.
 <'(  I want to move into a new house soon.
,C:




X  +5.I- I'd like to join the party.
 They are going to throw a birthday party
 +
?- .0 :

B[?.1  next week in Roppongi.
10 1 It's raining, so I have to take an
umbrella.

Grammar Points

TheFocus
 of:This
4Lesson
 is  B-Questions
Embedded .67) .
5 "Payter, have you decided when you're going to have your moving party?"

In this lesson, and the next lesson, we will learn about embedded questions.
Embedded questions are questions that are inside another statement or question.
Here's an example of an embedded question in English. "I don't know where the
station is." We have a question ("Where is the station?" just with the word order
changed.) inside of a larger statement. Let's look at how to make these kinds of
sentences in Japanese.

Formation

  .

To make embedded questions, we take a question, put it in the informal form, put
the particle
 

 
 

  $$ #
#

"   $ $" 
include, among others:

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

/.-
Verbs of Knowing:
wakaru (
shiru ( 
-

 -
Examining:
shiraberu ( 

Asking: A
 !-
kiku ( 
tazuneru ( 

 k-
Remembering:
oboeru ( 

Deciding:
kimeru
V 67- Y

1<
   2I
 
In this lesson, we will focus on embedded WH-questions, which include question

 Tm    4
   T

 
words such as #

 #
 
#
 #
  #

   



Informal WH-Question +
. + verb
6 
 .
 . 
"

 $
 
"
Verb/i-adjective Sentences

Tm <\+- .
Question /.-
Verb "Translation"
"to know where it is"
Doko ni aru ka wakaru
*+ . ?- "to know who broke it"
Dare ga kowashita ka shitte iru
*+g 
. 67- "to decide who is the
Dare ga ichiban tsuyoi ka kimeru strongest"
T
+.?.  k- "to remember which shop is
Dono mise ga yasukatta ka oboete iru cheap"

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &


 .
 
 
"
Noun/na-adjective Sentences

T


+Wh-question
Embedded OI. A
Verb "Translation"
"to ask which park is
Dono k kiku beautiful"
 +T
0 

2?. 
 - "to check how famous he was"
Kare ga dono kurai y shiraberu
P


.  !- "to ask what job s/he does"
Nan no shokugy tazuneru
T

2?.  k- "to remember which person it
Dono hito datta ka oboeru was"

Examples from the Dialog

*+,- ./.0 123 !

7 1.
Dare ga kuru ka wakaranai n da yo ne.


2.
 :4  B- .67) .
"You know, I! 
 #
  

P


 
 
 

 
3.
%& KL+PQ<RS- .S.0 1JT :UO)
"Payter, have you decided when you! 
 
"  " 


Watashi mo shigoto ga nanji ni owaru ka wakaranai kedo, tabun ikimasu.




"I!$  
#


&
 # 


 
&
 $ 

4.

 :ZX
 <PB& ? .67) 
going too."

Naoko-san, ashita no p
  



 


5.
b c dedid
"Naoko, f_P<you-decide
.jkwhat ) you>a ! 

 

 

Purezento nani ni suru ka kangaemash
"Let!

 
#

  

 



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Sample Sentences

1. 
PB.&a  k1
Ky
  
  


2.
X don't
"I
remember
BTm iwhat k- I. saw?inKyoto."
).
Nihon no manga o doko de kaeru ka shitte imasu ka.

   :   +P@ a

.
 
"Do you know where you can buy Japanese manga?"
3.
Jisho de, "bunp
 
 


"I"looked


 
 
: up T the



 
+ 
g 

meaning 
 

of . 
?
bunpo 
 inthe

) . 
dictionary."
4. 
Dejikame wa, dono mise ga ichiban yasui ka shitte imasu ka.

 <PQ.  !

"Do you know which store has the cheapest digital cameras?"
5.
Tomodachi ni ima nanji ka tazuneta.
"I asked my friend what time it was."

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Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

Japanese Embedded Questions Part 2: I Don't Know if I'll Go!

15 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
English
2
2
3
4
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 6
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Formal Kanji
ペーターの引越しパーティー前日

祐二 引越し祝いに、食器はどうですか。
ジェニー うーん。ペーターさん、毎日外食していますよね。
だから食器を使うかどうか、わかりませんよね。
直子 じゃあ、表札はどう？
祐二 え？表札（笑）？表札って...家の入り口にある、表札ですか？
ジェニー ペーターさんが気に入るかどうか微妙ですね。
祐二 あと、英語で書くか、日本語で書くかわからないですね。
直子 そっか・・・。表札はだめか。
ねぇ、ぺーターが何が好きか分かる？
ジェニー 仕事？
祐二 会社？
ジェニー 奥さん？
直子 プレゼントできないじゃない！
祐二 あ、ペーターさん、今一カレーのカレーライス大好きですよ。
週一で通っているみたいですよ。
直子 今一カレーには、ギフトセットがあるか分かる？
祐二 はい、ギフト用レトルトカレーがあります。
これで、ぺーターさんはオフィスで大好きなカレーが食べられま
すね。

2 ジェニー
直子
賛成です！
決定！

Formal Kana
ペーターのひっこしパーティーぜんじつ

ゆうじ ひっこしいわいに、しょっきはどうですか。
ジェニー うーん。ペーターさん、まいにちがいしょくしていますよね。
だからしょっきをつかうかどうか、わかりませんよね。
なおこ じゃあ、ひょうさつはどう？
ゆうじ え？ひょうさつ（わらい）？ひょうさつって...いえのいりぐち
にある、ひょうさつですか？
ジェニー ペーターさんがきにいるかどうかびみょうですね。

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ゆうじ あと、えいごでかくか、にほんごでかくかわからないですね。
なおこ そっか・・・。ひょうさつはだめか。
ねぇ、ぺーターがなにがすきかわかる？
ジェニー しごと？
ゆうじ かいしゃ？
ジェニー おくさん？
なおこ プレゼントできないじゃない！
ゆうじ あ、ペーターさん、いまいちカレーのカレーライスだいすきです
よ。
しゅういちでとおっているみたいですよ。
なおこ いまいちカレーには、ギフトセットがあるかわかる？
ゆうじ はい、ギフトようレトルトカレーがあります。
これで、ぺーターさんはオフィスでだいすきなカレーがたべられ
ますね。
ジェニー さんせいです！
なおこ けってい！

Formal Romanization
Pētā no hikkoshi pātī zenjitsu

3 Yūji
Jenī
Hikkoshi iwai ni, shokki wa dō desu ka.
Ūn. Pētā-san, mainichi gaishoku shite imasu yo ne.
Dakara shokki o tsukau ka dō ka, wakarimasen yo ne.
Naoko Jā, hyōsatsu wa dō?
Yūji E? hyōsatsu (warai)? Hyōsatsu tte... ie no iriguchi ni
aru, hyōsatsu desu ka?
Jenī Pētā-san ga ki ni iru ka dō ka bimyō desu ne.
Yūji Ato, eigo de kaku ka, Nihon-go de kaku ka wakaranai desu
ne.
Naoko Sokka.... hyōsatsu wa dame ka.
Nee, Pētā-san ga nani ga suki ka wakaru?
Jenī Shigoto?
Yūji Kaisha?
Jenī Okusan?
Naoko Purezento dekinai ja nai!
Yūji A, Pētā-san, imaichi karē no karēraisu daisuki desu yo.
Shū ichi de kayotte iru mitai desu yo.

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Naoko Imaichi karē ni wa, gifuto setto ga aru ka wakaru?

Yūji Hai, gifuto yō retoruto karē ga arimasu.
Kore de, Pētā-san wa ofisu de daisuki na karē ga
taberaremasu ne.
Jenī Sansei desu!
Naoko Kettei!

English
The day before Payter’s moving party.

Yuji What about tableware as a moving gift?

Jenny Hmm…but Payter eats out every day, right?
We can’t even be sure if he’d use tableware can we?
Naoko Well, how about a nameplate?
Yuji Huh? A nameplate? Haha. Like the ones at the entrance of a
house?
Jenny I think it's doubtful Payter would like that.
Yuji And, we can’t even be sure if we should write it in
English or in Japanese.
Naoko Oh yeah…I guess a nameplate is out then.
Hey, does either of you know what Payter likes?

4 Jenny
Yuji
Work?
His company?
Jenny His wife?
Naoko But we can’t give him any of those things, can we!
Yuji Oh, he does really love the curry rice at Imaichi curry
restaurant.
It sounds like he goes there once a week.
Naoko Do you know if they have a curry gift set?
Yuji Yes, they have a boil-in-the-bag gift curry.
Payter would be able to eat the curry he loves right at
the office.
Jenny Agreed!
Naoko Then I guess it's settled!

Vocabulary

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Kanji Kana Romaji English

入り口 いりぐち iriguchi entrance, gate
気に入る きにいる ki ni iru to be pleased with,
to like
微妙 びみょう bimyō subtle, delicate,
questionable
通う かよう kayou to go somewhere
frequently, to
commute
賛成 さんせい sansei approval, agreement
決定 けってい kettei decision,
determination
食器 しょっき shokki tableware
外食する がいしょくする gaishoku suru to dine out, to go
out to eat
表札 ひょうさつ hyōsatsu name plate
引越し祝い ひっこしいわい hikkoshiiwai housewarming present

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

入り口はどこですか。 Where is the entrance?
この筆箱が気に入っている。 I like this pen case.

5 彼が「はい」と言ってくれるか、微妙だ。
毎日、私は学校に通っています。
I'm not sure he'd say yes.
I go to school everyday.
星野さんの考えに賛成です。 I agree with Hoshino's idea.
スノーボードに行くことに決定した。 We've decided to go snowboarding.
食器をしまった。 I put away the dishes.
最近、外食ばかりしている。 Recently I have been dining out a lot.
表札を盗まれた。 The name plate was stolen.
引越し祝いに、タオルを買った。 I bought towels as a housewarming
present.
入り口はどこですか。 Where is the entrance?
この筆箱が気に入っている。 I like this pen case.
彼が「はい」と言ってくれるか、微妙だ。 I'm not sure he'd say yes.
毎日、私は学校に通っています。 I go to school everyday.
星野さんの考えに賛成です。 I agree with Hoshino's idea.
スノーボードに行くことに決定した。 We've decided to go snowboarding.
食器をしまった。 I put away the dishes.
最近、外食ばかりしている。 Recently I have been dining out a lot.

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表札を盗まれた。 The name plate was stolen.

引越し祝いに、タオルを買った。 I bought towels as a housewarming
present.

Grammar Points
The Focus of This Lesson is Embedded Questions ②
食器を使うかどうか、わかりませんよね。
"We can’t even be sure if he’d use tableware can we?"

This lesson is a continuation of embedded questions from the last lesson. Last
time, we went over embedded questions that were WH-questions, and this time we
will go over embedded questions that are Yes/No questions.

Formation

Last time, we mentioned that embedded WH-questions have the particle 「か」 after
them, followed by a verb. In Yes/No embedded questions, you can add 「どうか」
after the 「か」 to express the meaning of "whether (or not)." Note that this
「どうか」 is optional, but it can make your meaning more clear.

6  

[ Informal Yes/No Question + か(どうか) + verb ]

Yes/No Questions (verb and Verb "Translation"
i-adjective)

結婚するか（どうか） 決めた "I've decided whether

Kekkon suru ka (dō ka) kimeta (or not) I will get
married."
夢を見たか（どうか） 覚えていない "I don't remember
Yume o mita ka (dō ka) oboete inai whether (or not) I had
a dream."
おいしいか（どうか） 調べる "I'll find out whether
Oishii ka (dō ka) shiraberu (or not) it's good."
劇が面白かったか（どうか） 聞く "I'll ask whether (or

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Geki ga omoshirokatta ka (dō ka) kiku not) the play was

interesting."

 
Yes or No Questions (nouns and Verb "Translation"
na-adjective)
人気の店か（どうか） 調べる "I'll find out whether
Ninki no mise ka (dō ka) shiraberu (or not) it's a popular
store."
犬だったか（どうか） 分からない "I don't know if it was
Inu datta (dō ka) wakaranai a dog (or not)."
日本で、有名か（どうか） 分からない "I don't know if it's
Nihon de yūmei ka (dō ka) wakaranai famous in Japan (or
not)."
その店は静かだったか（どうか） 聞く "I'll ask whether (or
Sono mise wa shizuka datta ka kiku not) that store was
(dō ka) quiet."

Examples from this Dialogue

7 1. 食器を使うかどうか、わかりませんよね。
Shokki o tsukau ka dō ka, wakarimasen yo ne.
"We can't even be sure if he'd use tableware can we?"
2. ペーターさんが気に入るかどうか微妙ですね。
Pētā-san ga ki ni iru ka dō ka bimyō desu ne.
"I think it's doubtful Payter would like that."
3. 英語で書くか、日本語で書くかわからないですね。
Ato, eigo de kaku ka, nihongo de kaku ka wakaranai desu ne.
"And we can't even be sure if we should write it in English or in Japanese."
4. 今一カレーには、ギフトがあるか分かる？
Imaichi karē ni wa, gifuto setto ga aru ka wakaru?
"Do you know if they have a curry gift set?"

More Examples

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1. その話が本当かインターネットで調べた。
Sono hanashi ga hontō ka intānetto de shirabeta.
"I looked up whether that story was true or not on the internet."
2. 楽しいかどうかが大切だ。
Tanoshii ka dō ka ga taisetsu da.
"What's important is whether or not it's fun."
3. 今年の夏は、日本に行けるか分からない。
Kotoshi no natsu wa, nihon ni ikeru ka wakaranai.
"I don't know if I can go to Japan this summer or not."
4. この店は、有名かどうか分からないけど、とてもおいしい。
Kono mise wa, yumei ka dō ka wakaranai kedo, totemo oishii.
"I don't know if this restaurant is famous or not, but the food is really
good!"
5. あの人は、本当に20歳かどうか怪しい。
Ano hito wa, hontō ni hatachi ka dō ka ayashii.
"It's dubious whether that person is really twenty years old."

Language Tip

Remember that か（どうか） only goes with yes/no questions, and can't be combined
8 with wh-question phrases (which were covered in the last lesson). Here are some
examples of common mistakes:

あの人、何が好きか分かる？　→　×  あの人、何が好きかどうか分かる？　→　○ 
あの人何が好きか分かる？("Do you know what that person likes?")

旅行にいつ行くか決まっていない。　→　×  旅行にいつ行くかどうか
決まっていない。　→　○  旅行にいつ行くか決まっていない。 ("I haven't decided
when I'll go on my trip.")

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

Do You Know Where Your Japanese Will Take You?

16 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
English
2
2
3
4
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 6
 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formal Kanji






 






!
!"#

$%&'
()*
(+(,
!-./0
123"#)*
4#


5,
/6*
#
 789/2!":#;
<07=>3":#


2?2?#@A/B6
.)
!CD2(E
:#
 @F2GE
3"(#


2GE
(HE
D2#I%J-<2'
(E
#
;.D%KG
D26
L*M
#
 N
OP
"Q
23(23":R


!C0)N
%SG
(TU<2D2.CM
:#
5VW
XYZW

XY[
.Z\%]*
()*
(+(E
D2^<_^<2!
`M
#


;*
(0
5a%bcM*
(#
50d.D/efgh(+(E
D(^`(E
0P

i0jk
l
m0n
m  fop
`.C#

50dD[
.0qr
sft^<G
C[
2#
u 
Zv<G
V<5,
/6*Qw
2!"#3Z0bcR
d.D bcR
2

Formal Kana


x^N



6*
y





z* 
!
!"#


{%2'
()*
(|(,
!-./0x^N
2|23"#)*
4
#


5,
/6*
#
z* }2x6
/2!":#;
<0C2Q*
<23":#


2?2?#(~
/B6
.)
!CD2(E
:#

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
z* ?
.2GE
3"(#


2GE
(E
D2#y!%!(-<2'
(E
#;.D%`(G
D
26
 *M
#
z* N
OP
"Q
23(23":R


!C0)N
%G
({U<2D2.CM
:#5VW
DN
ZW

DN[
.Z!%5*
()*
(|(E
D2^<2^<2!
`M
#


;*
(0
5[
{%(.
2M*
(#
50d.D/D%fh(|(E
D(^`(E
0P

i0jk

lm0n
m  fM*
2
`.C#

50dD[
.0qr
sf
^<G
C[
2#
{*
Z{<G
V<5,
/6*Qw
2!"#3Z0(.
2R
d.D (.
2R

Formal Romanization
P 


 
 
 
(Pinp 

Jen 
 Ojama shimasu.
Jen  Ki ni iru ka d

 


 


D!
P Arigat

3 Y "!


 




# 
 



P Iya iya. Kagu ga hotondo mada nai kara ne.
Y Yachin ikura desu ka.
P Ikura ka shiranai. Tsuma ni makasete iru kara. Sonna ni
takaku nai to omou yo.
Y Kono terebi sugoi dekai desu ne!
P Mada, doko ni oku ka kimete inai n dayo ne. Are? Naoko wa?
Jen Naoko-san wa maniau ka d





 
yo.
P S


 



 $

A, minna ga nani o nomu ka wakaranakatta kara, b
ch 
 


$
 



J 
 
%




 
Ky

 

 
! 
&

 ('
Minna Kanpai!

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

English
The day of Payter




$
(ding-dong)

Jenny & Yuji We



Jenny We don



$

  



 
 
 
you a moving gift. Here you go.
Payter Thank you.
Y There are lots of people here. And this place is huge!
P Oh no. It just looks big since most of the furniture
hasn

 
$


Y How much is the rent?
P I don




 

  



$
 
 


I don

 

 

 
 

 


Y This TV is gigantic!
P We haven

  




$

Hey, what happened to Naoko?
J Naoko said she wasn









 


or not.
P Okay, well shall we start drinking without her then?
I wasn



 $ $
 


 

  
chu-hai (shochu with tonic water) and wine.

4 Well everybody raise your glasses. Thank you all for

coming today. Cheers!
Everyone Cheers!

Vocabulary
78
Kanji Kana }2 Romaji
!
English
@A (~ big crowd
@F ?
. kagu furniture
I y! yachin rent
J-' !(-' tsuma
makaseru
wife
to leave it to, to
3(2 3(2 give over
\%]* !%5* dekai
ma ni au
big (slang)
to make it in time
for

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
bcR (.
2R Kanpai! Cheers!(for
P

i P

i 
toasting)
op"' M*
2"' bi
y

beer
7=> C2Q*
<2 daig
to prepare
jk
lm jk
lm ch
mansion
Shoch  % 
beverage

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

 %Z0789/.32'
# Many people are lining up in front of the
 %5'
@AZ0

CC# shop.
The only piece of furniture I have is a
@F/ 26N
%d`2# sofa.
I want to live in a place that has low
N
VZG
I3"# rent.
 
2f  9%J-`# This is my wife.
I entrusted the new job to the new

 /3(G
<0  E
VD(^`# employee.
The pizza was too big and I couldn't eat
 %\%]|D(^`# it all.
bc
!
*
# I missed the train.

5  ZP

i%5*
# Let's toast!
`G[
.fop
!
`# Green soybeans go well with beer.
7=>%d`2# I prepared many dishes.
jk
lm/{C# I want to live in a fancy hosue.
%   

%Z0789/.32'
# I like Shoch  

Many people are lining up in front of the
 %5'
@AZ0

CC# shop.
The only piece of furniture I have is a
@F/ 26N
%d`2# sofa.
I want to live in a place that has low
N
VZG
I3"# rent.
 
2f  9%J-`# This is my wife.
I entrusted the new job to the new

 /3(G
<0  E
VD(^`# employee.
The pizza was too big and I couldn't eat
 %\%]|D(^`# it all.
I missed the train.

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
bc
!
*
#
 ZP

i%5*
# Let's toast!
`G[
.fop
!
`# Green soybeans go well with beer.
7=>%d`2# I prepared many dishes.
jk
lm/{C# I want to live in a fancy hosue.
I like Shoch  %   


Grammar Points

$The%& '
()is*
(a +Review
Lesson (,
!of-.Lessons
/0
123"#
"We don't know if you'll like it or not, but we bought you a moving gift."

In this lesson, we will review the grammar points from the last two lessons

related grammar points that use

6


 
  
 

 

(embedded WH-questions and embedded Yes/No Questions), as well as two other
 
 
grammar point, please check out the original lessons.

 (   % 

 
 
# 
#
  
 
    (

 


  % 


6
Examples

1.   30ef
`(<2!"(#
Amazon de nani o ch  

 

 





/)*
2*
p(H^<2!"(#
"Do you remember what you ordered from Amazon?"
2.
Teigi ga d



 


"Do you know what 'teigi' means?"

 (      
  
 
# 
#
  
 

   (

 



   


LC: LI_S4L16_081909 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-08-19

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
Examples

1. 
[
.
gd%"'
(2<d'
:#
Tanaka-san mo nomikai ni sanka suru ka kiite miru ne.

  [
./

<2'
()*
(HE
D2#
"I'll ask Mr.Tanaka if he's going to the drinking party."
2.
Dare mo Honda-san ga kekkon shite iru ka d 

 
 
"Nobody knows whether or not Mr. Honda is married."

6  ^<  _^<2!
`     


# 
#
  

  

 6






 
  



Examples

1.
aZ0
D23226
_^<2!
`#
Sensei wa benky
 
 



 

2.
"The /
 0  u  said
teacher
 
that%  G
^<_have
I don't ^<to`study."
M
#
Tomodachi ga kondo amerika ni iku tte itte ta yo.
"My friend said that he's going to America."

7  

 

 6




 
 
 

  L*
 omou).

Examples

1.
NN
  O

/ 32
26
L*
#
Koko no kar


 


 

  



2.
 think
"I Z6
<that

{Vthis
2Dshop
Chas
6
L2the!best

`# curry in Japan."
Nihon wa totemo kirei na kuni da to omoimashita.
"I thought that Japan was a very beautiful country."

Examples from this Lesson

Examples from this dialogue:

LC: LI_S4L16_081909 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-08-19

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

$Japanese
%&'
()*
(+(,
!- Romaji


"English"
./0
123"# Ki ni iru ka d
wakarimasen ga, hikkoshi
"We don't know if you'll
like it or not, but we
2GE
(HE
D2# iwai desu.
Ikura ka shiranai.
bought you a moving gift."
"I don't know how much it
!C0)N
%SG
(TU<2 is."
D2.CM
:# Mada, doko ni oku ka kimete "We haven't decided where
XY[
.Z\%]*
()*
( inai n dayo ne. to put it yet."

+(E
D2^<_^<2! Naoko-san wa ma ni au ka d "Naoko said she wasn't sure
`M
# ka wakaranai tte itte
imashita yo.
if she'd make it here on
time or not."

50d.D/efgh(+(
E
D(^`(E
0P

i0j A, minna ga nani o nomu ka "I wasn't sure what
 
k
lm0n
m  fop
` wakaranakatta kara, b everybody drinks, so I got
 
 


$
 

.C# ch
da.
beer, chu-hai (shochu with
tonic water), and wine."

Sample Sentences

 %G
Z02y/
Japanese Romaji "English"
2(
<G
C[
2# Nihon ni iku no wa, itsu ga "Please tell me when the
ichiban ii ka oshiete best time to go to Japan
 % G
Z0/  kudasai. is."
8 26
L*
# Nihon ni iku no wa, aki ga "I think autumn is the best
 
0V'
()*
(H^< ichiban ii to omou. time to go to Japan."
'W Ashita, hareru ka do ka
shitteru?
"Do you know whether it's
going to be sunny
 
Z0C6$ 
/_ tomorrow?"
^<2!
`# Ashita wa, ame da to tenki "The weather report said
yoh 


 
that it's going to rain
tomorrow."

LC: LI_S4L16_081909 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-08-19

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

How Did YOU Learn Kanji?

17 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
English
2
2
3
4
Vocabulary 5
Grammar Points 6
 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formal Kanji
JP101 


  

 
( 
 


!"#$&%&'&( ) *+,-
.+
/ ( ) 
0123
 4
5 6

78 .9:;<=9>
?@ABC
4
5 6

78ED +GF HI
J&J&J K
 F HILMK
4
5 6

78 HILMN
O1PQ DRST >B S C
@
J&J&J
 U
4
5 6

78ES C
@UVW,XCY,-
.+
 D4
+5 
Z[
P.9 \]+ B^_[`
a
+>Bb




7 8 D

 cdW,^_ef
,+BC
4
5 6

78 AW
Pg Dh ^_iBjk
?iB
 l
1m
c4
5 6

78 .9 D jn
?i,oA
1 T >B

p #q D c>BC
r
st u D $&v&k:w^_
x zy N{
,oAB

P|}q#~ D jn
?€NX
,= T >B
 ‚ƒlef#„…[
ZBb
 D †}  P 
 #‡ˆ
,+
1~[+B
2 T #q D

 #
‰
0.9=9>^_oA‰ T >B
O

Formal Kana
JP101
N m9
\[W
Š

‰C 
D ‹
9 ‹ 
 
( 


 Œ
 

D
+
Ž C
#$&%&'&( ) 
@+,
0 S .+
/ ( ) 
01
P3
‰C  D ‹9‹ 4
5 6

78 .9:‘+’9
O9>
?@ABC
+

LC: LI_S4L17_090209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-09-02

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
4
5 6


7 E
8 D + GF ,9 Ž J&J&J K

‰C D ‹9‹ F, 9 Ž Om
K
+
4
5 6

97‹ 8 , 9 Ž Om
N
O1P
‰ D  ST >B S C
@
J&J&J
‰C D 
 
‹

C .
+
4
5 6


7 E
8 S C
@C
.
?W,>CY,
0 S .+
‰C ‹9‹ D +
Z[
P\]+BC9
[B
Š:C
+>Bb
+ D 
4
5 6

78 .9 D 
cdW,C9

9 Ž ,+
BC
4
5 AW
P
 ‰
 h C9

 Bl9C+
? B
‰C D6
‹
97‹ 8 l
1m
c4
5 D 



7 8 .9 D l9
c? ,

 A
1 T 
+ >B
mC#
P D c>BC
r
st 
0 D $&v&C+:wC9

x zy N
w
,
 AB

P
 
Œ\09#
P? S  D l9
c?ŠAN S ,
O
T >B
‰C D ‹9‹
+ 
+ 
l 9 Ž #
C‰[
ZBb
+
‹9‹+ D C9
Š0\PNm9
\#w
d
0
,+
1P? S
[+B
T #N 9 D Nm9
\#m9‰
0.9
O9>C9

 A‰
T >B
O
3
Formal Romanization
JP101 nihongo gakk 
(k 

 

&
Takahashi J  





 $&%&'
 



sensei
Ky

(P
 


&
Takahashi Arekisandora-san, mazu reibun o yonde moraemasu ka.
sensei
Arekisandora Hai.( Tenki
J&J&J
Takahashi ( Tenkiyoh &
sensei

LC: LI_S4L17_090209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-09-02

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
Arekisandora Tenkiyoh 









   J&J&J
Takahashi Kasa o
sensei
Arekisandora Dakara, kasa o motte, dekakete kudasai.
Takahashi Hai, arigat 

sensei
Kanji ga sukoshi muzukashii desu ne.
Arekisandora-san wa, d 








ka.
Arekisandora Etto, watashi wa... kanji o mimasu. Nankai mo mimasu.
Takahashi Naruhodo. Arekisandora-san wa, nando mo mite, oboeru s 
sensei desu.
Hoka no hito wa d
 

Mario Boku wa, 10-kai zutsu kanji o n 




Ato, ch 













yomu s

Takahashi Iroiro na benky 







sensei
Sensei wa, kankoku-go to nihon-go no ts



tomodachi ga imasu.
Sono hito wa nihon-go no hon o takusan yonde kanji o
oboeta s 



4 English
JP101 Japanese Language Academy
Ding Dong Dang Dong
Ms. Takahashi All right, let's begin class.
Please open your textbooks to page 138.

(sound of pages turning)

Ms. Takahashi Alexandra-san, could you read the sample sentence please?
Alexandra Okay. "the weather..."
Ms. Takahashi "Weather report."
Alexandra "According to the weather report, apparently it will rain
tomorrow. So please take your..."
Ms. Takahashi "Umbrella."
Alexandra "So please take your umbrella with you when you go out."
Ms. Takahashi Okay, thank you.

LC: LI_S4L17_090209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-09-02

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
The kanji was a bit tough, wasn't it?
Alexandra, how do you study kanji?
Alexandra Well, I... look at them. I look at them over and over.
Ms. Takahashi I see. So apparently, Alexandra remembers kanji by looking
at them over and over.
How about everyone else?
Mario I remember them by copying each kanji ten times in my
notebook.
Ms. Takahashi Well, it looks like there are lots of ways to study kanji,
aren't there.
I have a friend who does Japanese and Korean
interpretation.
They say they studied kanji by reading a lot of books in
Japanese.

Vocabulary
!"
Kanji Ž   C

Kana Romaji

English
U C
. ky textbook
oA
1
 A
1 kasa
oboeru
umbrella
to remember, to
€ ŠA memorize
„… C‰ koe voice
5 HILM ,9 Ž Om
 shikata

way, method
{B wB tenkiyoh weather forecast
‡ˆ w
d
0 utsusu
ts 
to copy
interpreter,
*
0 
@0 hiraku
interpretation
to open

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

!"
‘
‰
#U
0 S .+ I forgot my textbook.
>
?f
NoA,+
1 Please give me that umbrella.

 D +w
?  Ž +€
> 
,+
1 I still rememer it strongly.
ef#„…
[ C
@l+ She always speaks in a loud voice.
HILMN
O1PQ D

| ‘ ST  I don't know how to study.

The weather forecast says it will be

LC: LI_S4L17_090209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
>B
~#
x z  y 

Z,{
‰
sunny all day tomorrow.
I borrowed my friend's notes and copied


 P 
  #‡ˆNl

Z‰+
them.
I want to be a interpreter of Japanese
 ( ) *+,
0 S .+ and Thai.
!"
‘
‰ Please turn to page 5.
#U
0 S .+ I forgot my textbook.
>
?f
NoA,+
1 Please give me that umbrella.

 D +w
?  Ž +€
> 
,+
1 I still rememer it strongly.
ef#„…[
C
@l+ She always speaks in a loud voice.
HILMN
O1PQ D

| ‘ ST  I don't know how to study.

>B The weather forecast says it will be
~#
x zy

Z,{
‰ sunny all day tomorrow.
I borrowed my friend's notes and copied


 P 
  #‡ˆNl

Z‰+
them.
I want to be a interpreter of Japanese
 ( ) *+,
0 S .+ and Thai.
Please turn to page 5.

Grammar Points
F  s

  K
HILMN
O1PQ DRST >B 
The Focus of This Lesson is Reporting Something Heard:
6 "According to the weather report, apparently it will rain tomorrow."
F  T  S K 


 



  
 
 


you have heard from another source). We can translate this as " I hear that ~,"
"I've heard that ~," "someone said that ~," or "apparently" in English.

Formation
 T  S follows verbs and -i adjectives in their informal forms.

Verbs and -i adjectives

 
 T  S
 
 






  T  S
[ informal form of a verb ]

LC: LI_S4L17_090209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-09-02

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &


Japanese
B
1 T  S Romaji


ef
l+ T  S
sanpo suru s


 

 CW‰ T S
benky s



0l+ T S
omoshirokatta s
samukunai s 


 
.9 D  
B
1 T 
Japanese Romaji "English"
>B Takahashi-san wa "I hear that Mr.

mainichi sanpo suru s Takahashi goes for a
 |
.9 # 
D ef
 desu. walk every day."
l+ T >B Tanaka-san no musuko wa"I hear that Mrs.
zenzen benky 



Tanaka's son doesn't
~N
O1P
Š#  D P, desu. study one bit."
?  CW‰ T  S  Tomodachi ni yoru to
kono eiga wa totemo
"According to my
friend, this movie
#  D 
0l+ T  S  omoshirokatta s 

was really funny."
Okinawa no natsu wa "I hear that it's not
samukunai s 

cold in the summer in
Okinawa."

-na Adjectives and Nouns

 T  S 
 












   
7
When da before
it. This copula can also be in the negative (de wa nai) or past forms (datta), as
seen in the examples below:

qJapanese
 I S T  S 
Romaji


 S W‰ T S
ninki da s

 

 S T  S> l+ 
j s



 #

sensei da s
D T S nihon-go no hon de wa nai s 


 #  D †}>
?qI
Japanese Romaji "English"

ST  S 
Ano kashu wa kankoku demo "I hear that that
ninki da s 
 singer is also
 .9 D   [
P, 
popular in Korea."
?  S W‰ T >B Hoshino-san wa mukashi yaky
ga totemo j 



"I hear that Mr.
Hoshino was really

LC: LI_S4L17_090209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-09-02

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
good at baseball

#
.9 D  


back in the day."

ST  S 
Suzuki-kun no o-t "I hear that
sensei da s 
 Suzuki's dad is a
#
 #
D B
, teacher."

 #
> D l+ T  S 

Ano hon'ya no hon wa subete "I hear that the
nihon-go no hon de wa nai s  books at that
da. bookstore are not
all in Japanese."

Examples from This Lesson

Examples from this dialogue:

HJapanese
 ILMN
O1PQ D Romaji "English"





RST >B
Tenki yoh "According to the
ashita wa ame da s 

weather report, it will
4
5 6

78 .9 D j rain tomorrow."
n
?i,oA
1 T >B Arekisandora-san wa "Apparently, Alexandra

 nan-do mo mite oboeru s
desu.
remembers kanji by
looking at them over and
|}q#~ D jn
?€ over."





NX
,= T >B Ch
wa nan-do mo koe ni
"A Chinese friend of
mine says he reads them


8 T0.#9q =D
9
> ^# _
o‰ A
dashite yomu s out loud over and over."
Sono hito wa nihongo no "They say they studied
‰ T >B
O hon o takusan yonde kanji kanji by reading a lot
o oboeta s 


of books in Japanese."

Sample Sentences:

  N
O1P 

Japanese Romaji "English"
> 
 [W‰ T >B
 Ny  






"According to the news,
kinjo de jiken ga atta yesterday there was an
s
 incident in the
 . 9 D 
4 s  N + neighborhood."
1 T >B Kawasaki-san wa ima
Amerika ni iru s
"I heard that Ms.

Kawasaki is in America
Š‘ D 
P,
?l S T
desu. now."
 
>B Kore wa totemo y
na sake da s
"I hear that this is a


very famous type of
sake."

LC: LI_S4L17_090209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-09-02

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
Š#
" D 
P,
?
 S W
‰ T >B Kono jisho wa totemo
benri datta s 

"I hear that this
dictionary was really
useful."

Language Tip

We use
N
O1P 
   





 





 

of "according to ~" in English. You can put this phrase before a sentence that
reports some information.

For example:

1.
HILMN
O1P
Tenki yoh 





N
O1P
"According to the weather forecast..."
2.
Shimbun ni yoru to

3.
    N
O1P
"According to the newspaper..."

Ny





4.
~"According
 N
O1P to the news..."
Tomodachi ni yoru to

9 "According to my friend..."

LC: LI_S4L17_090209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-09-02

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

Students Always Know the Language of Food

18 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
English
2
2
3
4
Vocabulary 5
Grammar Points 6
 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formal Kanji
JP101   

  
 !"
#$%& '(%&)*+,-./0
'(%& 112#$%&0*+,-./0
12*34560
#$%& %&72*89:2;<=><?@A/BC
'(%& 12DEFGB56H000
IJKLM 2&NO2P!</QRO.@65FS5F6T./
H2UQF:AVTB0
#$%& KK ./W)?@AQX J 0
 =>"
'(%& J T0Y5Z[2\]7 J A K 0QB^2_`a7b K 0
#$%& c^`a^d K .27A[A/W0
e _f.2gP&N72 
=Oh@i ej K AVTB0
'(%& IJ ./W0&NklmnoT72pnRqri
5FS5F K AQ6s0
1 e 2t@u^&Nv<wxO1 IJ ./0
#$%& IJKLM 2_y2&N<z K G 
=O1B{ K 6T./
s0
:TG|}Oz K i IJ ./0
2 ~€ oTO‚ |}7ƒ<* K ./„5FS5F K AQ6s
0 …
'(%& †72‡^|}O=>ˆ,G K T./s0

Formal Kana
< ‰TŠO5_ J

JP101 ‹ŒX J QŒ J [X J  
 11!* e 
BWQfVTV 6B7QVTV K )*ŽB,oA./0
K
6B7QVTV 112BWQfVTV K 0*ŽB,oA./0
K
12*GB560

LC: LI_S4L18_091609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-09-16

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
BWQfVTV VTV K 72*
Y/:2 I e <6>< K @A/BC
K
6B7QVTV 12@EFGB56H000
K
IJKLM 2V K e O

2 B!</QYO.@65F K 5F6T
./H26EQF:AVTB0
BWQfVTV KK ./W) K @AQX J 0
K
 6>* e 
6B7QVTV J T0Y5Z[2/Q7 J A K 0QB^2_WiT7Y/ K
K 0
BWQfVTV 1‹^WiT^ KK .27A[A/W0
K
e _f.2o K @TV K e 72<‰TQX!O/@i e *^ K
AVTB0
6B7QVTV IJ ./W0V K e klmnoT72pnY‹X
K J ,Ti5F K 5F K AQ6s0
1 e 2Y@ e [^V K e
6 <<T@O1 IJ ./0
BWQfVTV IJKLM 2_A L 2V K e <@ˆ K G<‰TQX!O1B
K @ K 6T./s0
:TGG5 e J O@ˆ K i IJ ./0
~€ oTO‚ G5 e J 71Q<* K ./„5F K 5F K A
Q6s0 ˆ K 
6B7QVTV ‹Ž7

2 6Q^G5 e J O6>ˆ,G K T./s0
3 K

Formal Romanization
JP101 nihongo gakk 
(Jugy 
 


 
(Garagar 


 
 

Kaneshiro Takahashi sensei! Otsukaresama desu.
sensei
Takahashi

 
 
  
 
sensei  
 
Kaneshiro Sensei wa, o-hiru yasumi, soto ni tabe ni iki masu ka?
sensei

LC: LI_S4L18_091609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-09-16

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
Takahashi A, kimete nakatta kedo...

       
 
   
   



  
  
sensei
S


ta n desu kedo, tameshite mimasen ka.
Kaneshiro Ii desu ne! Ikimash
sensei

( Taberu oto)
Takahashi
  
    
 
 
    
  

 
sensei
Kaneshiro Aji mo nedan mo ii node, hamarimasu ne.
sensei
Tokorode, saikin no seito wa, nihonshoku ga suki da to



 
  
 

               


omoimasen ka.
Takahashi S
sensei j  

   


 
  
Kaneshiro S
    
    
   
 
  

 

seito-tachi ni ninki ga aru s



    

   
sensei kiita n desu yo.

 
 
  
  

Minna natt
Sherifu-san ga (Natt



     


 
imashita yo.( warai)
Takahashi Jitsu wa, watashi mo natt
sensei
4
English
JP101 Japanese Language Academy
(bell signaling end of class chimes)
(door opens, footsteps)
Mr. Kaneshiro Hello, Ms. Takahashi!
Ms. Takahashi Oh, hello Mr. Kaneshiro.
Man, I'm starving!
Mr. Kaneshiro Are you going out to eat for your lunch break?
Ms. Takahashi Ah, I haven't decided yet...
but say, that reminds me, a student said that a new sushi
shop is opening up nearby. Would you like to go try it
out?
Ms. Takahashi Sounds good! Let's go.

LC: LI_S4L18_091609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-09-16

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

(eating sounds)
Ms. Takahashi Mmm. This sushi is great! Plus, it's cheap!
Mr. Kaneshiro The flavor and the price are both great so it's hard to
resist!
By the way, have you noticed that your students are really
into Japanese food recently?
Ms. Takahashi Yeah, you're right. Alexandra-san was saying that she's a
regular at the ramen shop.
Also, yakitori seems to be quite popular among the
students.
Mr. Kaneshiro Speaking of which, the other day I asked my students if
there were any Japanese foods that they didn't like.
Apparently, everyone hates natto.
Sheriff said that natto smells like feet (laughs).
Ms. Takahashi Actually, I don't like natto myself.

Vocabulary
/ Kanji
 QR /Kana QY Romaji
sushi-ya
English
sushi shop, sushi
U/ 6E/ restaurant
J A K J A K tamesu to try, to test
5 `a WiT umai delicious
c 1‹ nedan price, cost
qr ‹X J ,T aji
 
flavor, taste
<* K <* K j a regular customer
|} G5 e J nioi
natt 
smell,scent,odor
Fermented soybeans
with a very strong
7A 7A hamaru
smell
to be into, to be
.@ .@ dekiru
hooked on
to be built, to be
constructed

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

< KK /QRO1[A/0
 Q K U/0 There's a good sushi bar in Ginza.
_ 7 J A K 0 I'll try a new product.
_
 `a7DA5F K G K ./0 These strawberries are delicious.
The price of this product has not been
_ 72 ./i0QB^cO K decided.
0 This pasta is overcooked. On top of that
 721pnRqri0
 it's bland.
 k<* K O/0 I am a regular at that ramen shop.
|}7z K ./0 I smell curry.
gP2 
   <7A5F K 0 I dislike Natto.
P  <2  Q K k nO.@60 Recently I'm into Japanese pop music.
A new restaurant opened in the

< KK /QRO1[A/0 neighborhood.
 Q K U/0 There's a good sushi bar in Ginza.
_   7 J A K 0 I'll try a new product.
_
 `a7DA5F K G K ./0 These strawberries are delicious.
The price of this product has not been
_ 72 ./i0QB^cO K decided.
0 This pasta is overcooked. On top of that
 721pnRqri0
 it's bland.
 k<* K O/0 I am a regular at that ramen shop.
|}7z K ./0 I smell curry.
gP2 
   <7A5F K 0 I dislike Natto.
P  <2  Q K k nO.@60 Recently I'm into Japanese pop music.
6 A new restaurant opened in the
neighborhood.

Grammar Points
‚ IJ i„  ‚ e  5FS5F K 6„
:TheTG
 |}Oisz Ka iReview
Lesson IJ .of/0 Lessons:

"Apparently, everyone hates natto."


 IJ i 
 e S5F K 6 

In this lesson, we will review two grammar structures that have similar meanings,
s ( to itte ita ( . Both indicate hearsay or something
that someone has said.

‚ IJ i„             

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

You can use

IJ i  

  

 
 

      







heard from another source. The following are some examples.

Japanese
  € .72

 Romaji "Translation"
pOwxi IJ ./0 Igirisu de wa nihon no
anime ga ninki da s
"I heard that Japanese

anime is popular in the
 72 
nO e F^b desu. U.K."
B56 IJ i0 
 
Kyonen wa won ga totemo "Apparently, the Korean
yasukatta s won was really cheap
K Ž^8Š7T72  last year."
 5F K  IJ i0


    
 
Itsumo hiru-gohan wa "I heard that he always
x <s e 2 bent s buys a bent for lunch." 
 
7  ,i Tenkiyoh 

 

"According to the
 
IJ ./0  ashita wa ichinichij  
weather report, it's
hare da s 
 going to be sunny all
 {<s e 2 day tomorrow."
 n 
€    Shinbun ni yoru to "According to the
ODA IJ i0 ashita orinpikku no
kaisaichi ga kimaru s
newspaper, the host city

for the Olympics will be
da. decided tomorrow."
‚ e  5FS5F K 6„         

        
Series Season 4 Lesson 16

7 Use to(tte) itte ita when you want to quote what someone said. You can use this
formation when you want to stress who made the statement. Replace the
quotation-marking particle to with tte in casual speech. Here are some examples.

x
Japanese 7 7i     

  Romaji "Translation"
e S5F K 60 Tenki yoh ky
da to itte ita.
"The weather report said
that it's going to rain
!"7  Bˆ#$<?!   
 
today."
e S5F K 60 Buch
shucch
ashita kara

  
to itte
"The manager said that
he's going on a business
%wO
  

ita. trip tomorrow."


e   U&'6 Y nihon-go no "My friend said that he

S5F K 60 shiken o uketa to itte had taken a Japanese
%vO ita. test."
(9: < )*+<?! 
 
 
Tomodachi ga natsuyasumi "My friend said that he
5FS5F K 6Bˆ2 ‡ ni Hokkaid tte
itte ita kara (watashi
was going to Hokkaido
for summer vacation, so

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
7*


Ti0 wa) o-miyage o tanonda. I asked for a gift from
%&O2 there."

  A.< #V Sensei ga shukudai o "The teacher said to
5FS5F60 ashita made ni dase tte
itte ita.
turn in the homework by
tomorrow.

Examples from This Lesson

Examples from this dialogue:

&Japanese
 NO2P!</QRO. Romaji "Translation"
@65FS5F6T./ Seito ga chikaku ni "A student said that a
H2UQF:AVTB0 sushi-ya ga dekita tte
itte ta n desu kedo
new sushi shop opened up
nearby. Would you like
&NklmnoT tameshite mimasen ka. to go try it out?"
72pnRqri e Seito no "Alexandra-san was
S5F K AQ6s0  


 


Arekisandora-san wa saying that she's a
r regular at the ramen
~€ oTO‚ |}7ƒ  
itte imashita yo. shop."
<* K ./„5FS5F Sherifu-san ga natt "Sheriff said that natto
K AQ6s0 ashi no nioi desu tte smells like feet."
t@u^&Nv<wxO1 itte imashita yo.
 IJ ./0 
 
Yakitori mo seito-tachi "Also yakitori seems to
ni ninki ga aru s be quite popular among
:TG|}Oz K i IJ .
8
the students."
/0 
 
Minna natto ga kirai da "Apparently, everyone
s hates natto."

Sample Sentences


 oT72 

O1Bˆ2 <
, IJ i0 





    

 
1.
Hose-san wa y 
 
 
 
"Jose has some errands to run, so apparently he'll be late for class



 oT72  n  e     e 
 
 V e S 5F K 60

tomorrow."
2.
Yumiko-san wa furansu-go to doitsu-go to ch 

 

 

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
ita.
"Yumiko-san said that she can speak French, German, and Chinese."

LC: LI_S4L18_091609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-09-16

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

A Popular Japanese Trend You Can't Afford to Miss!

19 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
English
2
2
3
4
Vocabulary 5
Grammar Points 6
 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

Formal Kanji

 
 

 *+ !"#$%&'()
,-./#01243 ./56789:1;
< -')
=>?@ABC 8
D FEG1&') =>C B )

D  IH =  )LMNOPQRPSTU BV WXYS
>J 6K
Z&')
[ \]^_`a <b ./#$%5cd#ef`&`
g )
H hKi2j

D  IH = 'k&l m)./^_`a < -'n)a./op
>J 6K -q1 g m-'(r
stuvw )FxxxG6y8z&{Z|(}FxxxG~8€8
 a <b -FxxxG)

D  IH = ‚ (ƒ„-…a < -'n)†r
>J 6K
‡ sˆ‰ Š‹#Œ./#q1&')

D  IH b Ž ) [ ‘’8-…5c“a < -';n)
=
2 >J 6K
‡ sˆ‰ ”a{8•–… b ’— b m-'FxxxG)

D  IH = ./56˜&™& bš› hEG8 [  a < -'n)
>J 6K
œ 9: œ {(}“…a < -')

Formal Kana

 
žmŸk 

 (` ¡  ( g  ¢ b # g %&'(
)
˜…m£& g -%m  < #“1243 %m <¤ m`
78¥1; < -')

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
k < } ?@ABC 8
D FEG1&')k < } C B
)

D  IH k  )& g ` [ (˜(PQRPSTU BV
<
} k œ K WXYS
…&')
[ ˜1a2`a <b %m < # g % ¤ ml g
£#1 m`&` g )
H hK [ 2 

D  IH k 'k&l m)%m < `a < -'n)a%m <
<
} k œ K   
m-¡21 g m-'(r
g b ( œ < g  )Fxxx œ “8 < &{} ¡(}FxxxG œ

(
< 8˜8  a <b -FxxxG)

D  IH k g `(l¡¥2-…a < -'n) b  ( g r
<
} k œ K
;` ¤ {   (m …  < #(m8%m < #¡21&')

D  IH k b Ž ) [    <  8-… ¤ ml“a < -'
<
} k œ K ;n)
;` ¤ {     ¡a{8•žm… b  <b m-'FxxxG)

D  IH k %m <¤ m`˜&™& bš› hEG8 [  a < -'n)
<
} k œ K
œ    < œ <  œ {(}“¡
…a < -')
3
Formal Romanization
Terebi no ny  
Kyasut  Kaisha ni tsutomete iru kata wa, o-hiru ni nani o tabete

  !
imasu ka.
Saikin, chimata de wa o-bent 
#$"  %"
ga hayatte iru y "
Miura anauns

Rep &   Haih"'#(()*+

Yumiko) ofisu ni kite imasu.
A, sassoku, oishi s%%,
o hakken shimashita.

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
(Tattata) Aruku oto

Rep &   Sumimaseen. O-bent #"
%(#

Yumiko) jibun de tsukutta n desu ka?
Tanaka K  Hai.... kodomo ga umarete, raigetsu kara,... o-kodukai ga

Rep& 
sagari s """"
Tashika ni, setsuyaku dekis  "
%(

Yumiko)

&  
Yoshida Reiji Kanky#%"
Rep Naruhod")#(#
 
Yumiko) ne.
Hai, jitsu wa sore ga ichi-ban   """"
&  
Yoshida Reiji
Rep Bent(# "
Yumiko)
Kono ry ( "

English
(television news program music)

Newscaster To those of you who work at an office, what do you eat for
lunch?

4 In recent society, it appears that the trend of "bento

boys," or men who bring a bento lunch to work, is catching
on.
Mrs. Miura is reporting on location. Mrs. Miura!

Reporter Yes, I'm here on location at the Innovative Language

(Yumiko Miura) office in Akasaka.
Oh, and right away I see a group of men eating bento.

(walks over)

Reporter Excuse me for interrupting! Those bento look delicious!

(Yumiko Miura) Did you make them yourselves?
Kotaro Tanaka Yes...My child was born and so starting next month... it
looks like my allowance will be taking a dive...
Reporter Well it definitely seems like you could save money this
(Yumiko Miura) way. And how about the person next to you?

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
Reiji Yoshida I make my own lunch out of consideration for the
environment.
Reporter I see! And, I hear that men who can cook are quite popular
(Yumiko Miura) with the ladies, is that right?
Reiji Yoshida Yes, that's actually my biggest reason...
Reporter Well, it looks like there are a lot of benefits to being a
(Yumiko Miura) "bento boy",
and it looks like this trend will continue on into the
future.

Vocabulary
 Kanji
  
¡ Kana Romaji
tsutomeru
English
to serve, to fill a
 ( g post; class 2 verb
9: ¥ kata person
\] ˜1a2 hayaru
sassoku
to be popular
at once,
immediately, without
Š ‹ (m… < delay
“ “ kanky
moteru
environment
to be popular, to be
attractive to the
5 ” ¡ opposite sex
jitsu wa the truth is,
, £ & g actually
~ œ

( chimata the public
ƒ„ l¡¥2 okozukai allowance
2 ¡
2 setsuyaku saving, economy
z&{ < &{ tsuzuku
umareru
to continue
to be born, V2

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

M

&')
[ £} b g -'() I work at a hospital.


hE 
8
t z
-9:1 Who is that person?
) Basketball is all the rage among junior
high school students.

LC: LI_S4L19_091609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-09-30

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

` g 8 g -\] ) The book I ordered has arrived, so I'll
Š ‹
¡Œ) start reading it right away.
-…5“) (I) think about environmental issues.
Men who can do domestic chores are
” 8&') popular with women.
*+ ,-   # -f g ) Actually, I have a boyfriend.
I saw the recently much-talked-about
~# | (}“}1) singer at the station.
My wife gives me an allowance every
 #ƒ„`; < `) month.
I'm trying to economize on electric
 8) power.
M  -z&{&` g ) We have been in the recession.
M

&') I was born in Japan.
[ £} b g -'() I work at a hospital.


  hE
 8t
 z
 -9:1 Who is that person?
) Basketball is all the rage among junior

` g 8  g -\]  ) high school students.
The book I ordered has arrived, so I'll
Š ‹
 ¡Œ) start reading it right away.
-…5“) (I) think about environmental issues.
Men who can do domestic chores are
” 8&') popular with women.
*+ ,-   # -f g ) Actually, I have a boyfriend.
6 I saw the recently much-talked-about
~# | (}“}1) singer at the station.
My wife gives me an allowance every
  #ƒ„`; < `) month.
I'm trying to economize on electric
 8) power.
M  -z&{&` g ) We have been in the recession.
I was born in Japan.

Grammar Points
3 a <¤ 7
<
œ 9: œ {(}“…a - ')
The Focus of This Lesson is

"It looks like this trend will continue on into the future."

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
S 
(
a < ¤ K


  +, (, $,+,



that the speaker makes about something. It is usually based on what the speaker
sees, feels, or hears.

Formation

S 
(conjecture) follows the masu-stem of a verb. As for i-adjectives, the
final i is omitted and precedes so da. When it comes to na-adjectives, s 
follows the dictionary form of the na-adjective. Let's take a look at the
formation.

Verbs

2
Dictionary Form …&'
-masu Form …a <¤
-masu Stem + s 
tsuku   &'
tsukimasu  a <¤ 
tsukis

furu furimasu furis 

For Example:

1.
“ < 'Ÿ  … a <¤ )
 %
M  .

7 2.
L 8  a < ¤ )
"It looks like

 we'll be arriving in Tokyo soon."

(
 "
Ky 
"It looks like it's going to snow today."

I-adjectives


Dictionary Form
Drop the Final i
a < ¤
+ so da

atsui `
atsu `a <¤
atsus

atarashii

atarashi atarashis 
For Example:

1. 
WFEG  “  a <¤ )

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!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &
Ejiputo wa totemo atsus "
-
œ 

 `a <¤ )
"Egypt looks hot."

Kono tatemono wa atarashis "

"This building looks new."

  (%+,

,$ 
 (  "

"good"    ˜a <¤
"doesn't exist"
bii byosa˜ a s<¤
nai nasa s 
Na-adjectives

Dictionary
 Form + soa da<¤
genki a <¤s
genki
raku raku s 
For Example:

1.
ž [ £ m¡“  a <¤ )
8 O-b %,("
2.
st˜m

  a < ¤ )
"My grandmother always looks full of energy."

Tanaka-san no shigoto wa raku s "

"Tanaka's job looks really easy."

Examples From This Lesson

Examples from This Dialogue

]^_`a <b ./#

\Japanese Romaji "English"
$%5cd#ef`& Sassoku, oishi s  
 "Oh, and right away I see a
`g ) o-bent 
dansei-tachi o hakken
group of men eating bento."

./^_`a < -'n) shimashita.

O-bent #" "Those bento look

LC: LI_S4L19_091609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-09-30

 


 

!
"#$%'&')(+* , - .0/2121 3$465$7'&', &

6y8
&{Z|(} delicious!"
xxxG~8€8  a < Kodomo ga umarete, raigetsu "My child was born, and so
b -FxxxG) kara,... o-kodukai ga
sagari s
starting next month, it
"""
looks like my allowance
‚ (ƒ„-…a < -'n will be taking a dive..."
) Tashika ni, setsuyaku
dekis "
"Well, it definitely looks
like you could save money
this way."

Sample Sentences

1.
œ 

 
 “ < {a <¤ )
Kono keitai denwa wa m ("
2.
[ 




a <¤ )
"This cell phone looks like it's about to fall apart."

Ano o-mise no sh (
"

3.
œ 




(a <¤ )
"The products at that store look inexpensive."

Kono j (
"
"This residential area looks like it'd be quiet at night."

LC: LI_S4L19_091609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-09-30

 

 

   "! #$

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

I Hear It's Not Just for Japanese Men Anymore!

20 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
English
2
2
3
4
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 5
 

 

   "! #$

Kanji

 

 

   !"#$#%&

'()  *+,-./01234&
5 )<
>?@ AB
768C39D:;EFG/H*+$4IJ=& K /L03;4MN&
OPQR 0 S%TU4U&7V8WXY3Z[\3$#%U&
 

]^_ `68abcdHeF$#f28&

Ug R hi8j X ABk lmn, op`qr ^s H K /
t 01234&
OPQR 0 u &mDY3&
 

vw )  xl%y,z{=/%1234&

> ?@ | V8}~6876€EFGH‚[U4=ƒ  z„…†ˆ‡
‰‹Œ Lƒ4x=lƒN Š& 1234N&
00
OPQR 0 Ž )  *+H K /L ) ŠUU&=#&
 

$% ‘’ %y K /Š03;Y01234&

>?@ xl R3“”   z•:–4N&
123—˜  ™ *+™ R )š [U ) › 
2 Ug#f23N&

Kana

 
˜gœ3F
 

g  ˜gœ3F žg R 23Ÿg#3 R L# 2
 #$#%&
Q Šg )  4 R 23Ÿg#3, )¡ /01234&
5
7689¢%\ ) #/$4=&
Y\3£ ) 0 =#¤¥3¦gFYH4 R 23J  Y/L03§
R 4MN&
— R 2 QR 0 Š%  R U4U&/¨gŸg©Y=[\3$#%U&
 

]^_ `68£f2 Qª /=HFF$#f28&


LC: LI_S4L20_091609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-10-14

 

 

   "! #$

U g R hi ŸŸg©=#¤g ¡ L ) g4723, o

p`qr ^s HY/Š01234&
— R 2 QR 0 u & ) g¦gY3&
 


\ 2 )  © ¡ L%y,£˜g99=/%1234&

Y\3£ ) 0 $£}~6876€FYH=[U4=ƒ  
/= †ˆ‡ˆ‡ˆ‡ —gLƒ© ¡ LŠ1234N&
¢ ª Š4=ƒN &
— R 2 QR 0 [%# )  4 R 23HY/L ) ŠUU& ) =#&
  

$%  =gŠf23%yY/Š03§ R Y01234&

Y\3£ ) 0 © ¡ L R3“”   /©Š£f234N&
123—˜  žg R 2¥f#3 4 R 2¥f#3 R ) [U
 )  UgUg#f23N&

Formal Romanization
Terebi no ny  

Ny   Izen, kono bangumi de (bentou danshi) ni tsuite tokush 
shimashita.
Saikin wa, (Suit  
     
Gesuto no o-futari wa shitte imasu ka.

  
3 Mori Chiharu Kaisha ni jibun no nomimono o suit
hito desu yo ne.
Et   Kiita koto nai desu na. Nippon no dansei mo kawarimashita
na.
Ny  Ank 
     
Nanto, 20-dai dansei no kaishain no yaku hans   
dorinku o motte kite iru s 
Et   H ! 


Ny   Riy " $#% 
     
  
Mori Chiharu Mainichi pettobotoru no nomimono o kawanaide ii desu kara,
ikkagetsu sanzen-en kurai setsuyaku deki s 

Fukeiki desu kara n 
Et   Watashi wa, suit  
"  
  &
 
Hazukashii.
Ny  Mata, kanky 
 
 &    
desu.
Mori Chiharu Setsuyaku to eko de, isseki nich 


LC: LI_S4L20_091609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-10-14

 

 

   "! #$

S  $#%


 $#% 
 "  " 
  &
" 
nande nan desh 


English
(television news program)
Newscaster We previously ran a feature segment on "Bento Men."
Recently, it looks like the trend of "Thermos Bottle Men"
is catching on.
To our two guests - do you know of this trend?
Chiharu Mori It refers to men who bring their own Thermos bottle to the
office, right?
Satoru Etoh I've never heard of that. Japanese men sure have changed.
Newscaster Let's take a look at the results of this questionnaire.
Apparently, around half of all male office workers in
their twenties take their own drink with them.
Satoru Etoh Wow, half of them!
Newscaster "Saving money" was the most common reason cited.
Chiharu Mori You don't have to buy a drink in a plastic bottle every
day, so apparently you can save three thousand a month
this way.
After all, we ARE in a recession, so.

4 Satoru Etoh I wouldn't be able to carry a Thermos bottle with me.

That's embarrassing.
Newscaster It seems that some people also carry them as a way to help
the environment.
Chiharu Mori You can save money and it's eco-friendly so it's like
killing two birds with one stone.
Speaking of which, I wonder why we don't say "Bento Women"
or "Thermos Bottle Women" too?

Vocabulary
Z Kanji
[0 = Kana
[0 Romaji English
ab £f2 Q kawaru to change
cd ª /= ch  research
‹Œ ¢ ª Š kekka
fukeiki
result
business recession

LC: LI_S4L20_091609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-10-14

 

 

   "! #$

š
 R˜
!"40 R L# 2840 kotoba word, speech
*+ 4 R 2 tokush
suit


to feature
a flask, a water
mn ) g472 bottle
“” —  hans half the number
z•:– /©Š£f2 eko
isseki nich 
eco-friendly
Kill two birds with
one stone

Vocabulary Sample Sentences


_ ~68 €€ €,Z[/%&
 T
 )  Ž%£,Cab#$4& The rules of basketball have changed.

 cd,  U03& We will investigate this case on our own.



  , ‹Œ Ÿ& I am anxious about the test results.
V8W; )  š
H
40,ŠŸ& The world market is in a depression now.
1
 ) 9#

 H!"#%& Japanese like to abbreviate words.
The magazine had a feature on good tendon
*+9
 HIJ%& restaurants.
mn 
 ;,
 #%& I poured tea into the flask.
More than half the number of people
V8W )  “” U
 Ÿ& disagreed.
] €  p 68H40 R 
 YŠ0#  9
 Japan is an eco-friendly country.

5 Y%$0=ƒ  z•:–ŸN& I can make friends and save money by
doing a part-time job. That would kill
two birds with one stone.

Grammar Points

'The(Lesson
)  *is+a Review
,-of.Lessons
/01234&
"Recently, it looks like the trend of "Thermos Bottle Men" is catching on."

We have learned two usages of s

123Ÿ # 
), one that indicates hearsay from
someone, and the other that indicates conjecture that the speaker makes based on
what he hears or sees. In this lesson, you'll review them and learn when to use
each one.

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   "! #$

Comparing both types of s  (hearsay versus conjecture)

123Ÿ


123Ÿ (hearsay)
(conjecture)
Lower Intermediate Lesson 18
Lower Intermediate Lesson 19

Let's review the formation in the chart below.

Parts of speech
Verb
es— 0(hearsay)
123Ÿ es— 1(conjecture)
23Ÿ
I-adjective
1s23Ÿ 
mieru mie 1s23Ÿ 
Na-adjective rakuŸ1da23sŸ 
atsui s
 123Ÿ
atsu s

Noun  Ÿ123Ÿ
natsu da s 
raku s
×××


Note: When talking about conjecture, nouns cannot come before

123Ÿ 
123Ÿ    
 
  
 
 
6
Remember to use the
you have heard. When using the
123Ÿ 
   
  
on information that you have seen, felt, or heard. Note that in the second one,
you are making your own guess or assessment.

Japanese  =ƒ

 , Romaji English Translation Type
e—123Ÿ&
,€e—=01ƒ

23 Ÿ&
Koko kara fuji-san "It looks like you could Conjecture
ga mie s   see Mt. Fuji from here."
Hoteru kara "Apparently, you can see Hearsay

 23)Ÿ& R Y  1
fuji-san ga mieru Mt. Fuji from the
 
s hotel."

1 23)Ÿ& R Y  
Kare wa totemo atsu "He looks like he's Conjecture
s  really hot."

T
 T )  1
Okinawa wa totemo "I've heard that Okinawa Hearsay
atsui s   is really hot."
Jimu no shigoto wa "Office jobs seem so Conjecture

LC: LI_S4L20_091609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009

 

 

   "! #$

23Ÿ&
T
T )   raku s  easy."
Ÿ123Ÿ& Jimu no shigoto wa "I hear that office jobs Hearsay

76
r ] )    
raku da s  
are easy."
  Ÿ123Ÿ& da s  
" 
 
"I hear that it's summer Hearsay
in Australia."

Examples from This Dialogue

1.
'()  *+,-./01234&
Saikin wa, (Suit  
     
"Recently, it looks like the trend of 'Water Bottle Boys' is catching on."

2.
Ug R hi8j X ABk lmn, op`qr ^s H K / t 01234&
Nanto, 20-dai dansei no kaishain no yaku hans    & 
  
desu.
"Apparently, around half of all male office workers in their twenties bring their
own drink with them."

3.
vw )  xl%y,z{=/%1234&
Riy " $#% 
     
  
"'Saving money' was cited as the most common reason."

| 8V }~6876€EFGH‚[U4=ƒ  z„…†ˆ‡ˆ‡ˆ‡ ‰ LƒxlŠ12

7 4N&
4.

Mainichi pettobotoru no nomimono o kawanaide ii desu kara, ikkagetsu sanzen-en

kurai setsuyaku deki s 

"You don't have to buy a drink in a plastic bottle every day, so apparently you
can save three thousand a month this way."

5.
$%  “” %y K /Š03;Y01234&
Mata, eko no tame ni motte kite iru hito mo iru s 
"It seems that some people also carry them as a way to help the environment."

LC: LI_S4L20_091609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-10-14

 

 

   "! #$

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

A Japanese Discussion Gone to the Dogs

21 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
English
2
2
3
4
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 5
 

 

   "! #$

Kanji
( 
  

   !"#$%&'(#
*)  +  ",-./+!/#
0123 )  456$87#9:;<=>?&$@#ACBDEFCG
 6H8$I 9# H HJK NO 6$@#P
QRS8TU I (6$9# 
6 
$ #  
E L
A 
= 
M 
9 
' ?
0123 VXWY 6$#
Z[ \ ]] R^ [8_ !9 `a ? U a ?  ;<=bcdef'
 ?)  ) g (6e$h# ijck/ H8I 6$@#
0123 ) H8I /(6$9#
$8) l(6$8u 7# Z R  _VXv WY cmnopm=q9'r _ st
 w c E#:$8 '? :'r Ry ?( 6$87#
l6$@#x cz={f'?(6$

| 7}# ~  €
0123 cH  ' ? T =f'r(6$#
 y 9 E H(/  XFfp'ƒ ?K„… (6 6$† 98l‡‚ =ˆ‰8f'87 I TŠ a ?

 
 
( 
6 $ [ ‹ 9 a r  |Œ c
&'(98‚
0123 )  6$@#Ž#
2
Kana
(  / T /  I (
T ‘I ’  
f r9“” *)  ’T  !"#$%&'(# T
R– 9:•/ )  !—“ ˜ IL™ "6$8 ,
•/IL“š !/#
7#9:7 ,=
?&$@#A
Tf I r9“” BH8DI E FCG6H $9# HJK
6$R #  T I EAL= R 9'?  9:6$@#
R– 9:•/ VX /&WY /(  (6$9#
RR [ 6\ $# ]] R f› [8_ !9 `a ? a ?  7 ILš ,=%c
def'?(6$#

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   "! #$

fR– T I r 9“” ))  ‘
e 
 I v ck/ H8I 6$@#

) H8I /(6$9#
9:• /
$8[ l(6) $87# R8RI R  VXWY _cv mnopm=
9'r _  
f T I r9“” w ( E#,$8c l:'6$? @# r:, 'R r& ? c
(6$8 7#
=f'?
(6$87#
R–  _ (H v c  T  '?  f  =&:f'r(6$#
9I :•/ E (/H f'?K„(… 6$ 98‚ R
f T r9“” &9a XF[ pƒ a 6 “8 a l v (=r‰8f'87 I T
R– 8)  k ?(6$ 79 r  ˜c
&'(98‚
9:•/ 6$@
# “#
Formal Romanization
( 
   
 
(inu no hoeru koe)
Sat 
 
Kora, pochi! hoe cha dame. Sumimasen.
(A, kono hito, mechakucha kirei na hito da na.)
Hayakawa Rena A, daij 


 

 


Toip 


Sat 
 
S 

!" 
#
$



#
 

Namae wa nan to iu n desu ka.

3 Hayakawa Rena Maria desu.

Haha ga (chiwawa wa samugari dakara) tte itte, y 

 
ni tsukesasete iru n desu.
Sat 
  %#
&

  




Hayakawa Rena A, s 



!& 


'
#
( 

kurashikku o kikasetari, ongaku ni awasete, utawasetari
shite iru n desu yo.
Sat 
 
H )
Sugoi desu ne. Boku wa ima, pochi ni gei o oboesasete iru
n desu yo.
Ichirinsha ni nora sete, sara o mawasasetai n desu.
Hayakawa Rena E )
  






*
Sat 
 
Ima kara, soko no doggukafe de, hiru gohan o tabesase y 
to omotte iru n desu ga, yokattara, isshoni ikimasen ka?
Hayakawa Rena A, ii desu ne. Zehi.

LC: LI_S4L21_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-10-28

 

 

   "! #$

English
At a giant park in Tokyo
Takahiro's dog barks at Rena's dog. (barking sound)

Takahiro No, Pochi! No barking! I'm sorry.

(Oh wow, this person is really pretty.)
Rena Oh, don't worry, it's fine! Your dog is wearing such cute
clothes! Is it a toy poodle?
Takahiro That's right! Your dog is also cute wearing a skirt.
What's her name?
Rena Her name's Maria. My Mom says that Chihuahuas are
sensitive to the cold, so she always makes her wear
clothes.
Takahiro It's also good for preventing shedding, apparently.
Rena Oh really? My Mom is something else; she makes Maria
listen to classical music and makes her sing along to it.
Takahiro Wow, that's quite something! Right now, I'm making Pochi
learn some tricks. I want to make him learn how to ride a
unicycle and spin plates.
Rena Wow, you're making him learn how to do that?!
Takahiro Hey, I'm thinking of going to that dog café over there and
getting Pochi a bite to eat. Would you like to come along?

4 Rena Sounds great!

Vocabulary
Kanji Kana Romaji English
  ’  hoeru to bark
"^ ,[8_  ",[8 _ mechakucha extremely, insanely
f› samugari a person sensitive
to cold
bg cde %cde mi ni tsukeru to wear
eh ‘
e I v nukege hair loss
ij  b   prevention
z  gei performance, skill,

|}~  _ ( v
craft
ichirinsha a unicycle
$ &:$ mawasu to spin, turn, twist

LC: LI_S4L21_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-10-28

 

 

   "! #$

(something)

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

I  
a ? R  7,
  Uchi no katte iru inu wa My dog often barks at other
y (&/6+c
 cr  T # [ / ,  yoku ironna hito ni hoeru. people.

",
 J B K
Ima made ni mita koto ga I ate a watermelon that was
nai kurai mechakucha   bigger than any I had ever
^ =ˆ[8‰_ r/# 6 
E J suika o tabeta.
$
seen before.
 E
R
 6$# Samugari na node wint
sup


&


I don't like the cold, so I
don't really like winter

d8k )  f( R 


sports.
 
Itsumo ano obasan wa h That lady always wears
=bcdeR ?g # [
 o mi ni tsukete iru. jewelry.

8 f ( eh I ,?


&
&


O-t My father is suffering from
(67 !# 

saikin nayande iru y a large amount of hair loss

i
 K n=de? 
B





these days.
We put up a surveillance
=ij$8# manbiki o b  camera in order to prevent
 6 R 
! [  z = B   

   
shoplifting.
R 
'/,? / /# shain ga gei o misenakute
At the year-end party, new
employees have to show off

5 |v }~ v 6
" a (6? 
#$ = wa naranai.

Ichirinsha de asondeite,
their talents.
I was playing around on a
% ?=$ & T r
#& # kega o shite shimatta.
Kubi o mawasu to, itai.
unicycle and got injured.
My neck hurts when I turn
it.

Grammar Points

x Ry  cz={f'?(6$87#

The Focus of This Lesson is the Causative Form

"Right now, I'm making Pochi learn some tricks."

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   "! #$

In this lesson, we'll learn how to form and use the causative in Japanese.
The causative form has two meanings according to context:

"" 
"
#

  &#


"
 


  &
to do something"

  
"
#

  &#


 


  &

something"
This lesson focuses on the coercive causative, meaning, "making someone do
something." The second usage is going to be covered in the next lesson.

How to Make the Causative Form

First, let's look at how to make the causative form.

 
" #



  
 u, and add-aseru.


"#



   -ru, and add-saseru.



"# suru and kuru, become saseru and kosaseru,
respectively.

Let's take a look at some examples.

Class 1 Causative Romaji "English
Verb Form Translation"
8, 9'8 ikaseru "make/let someone
 $  f'8 go"
6 hanasaseru "make/let someone
 I  :'8 kawaseru
speak"
"make/let someone
buy"

Class 2 Causative Romaji "English

Verb Form Translation"
ˆ‰8 ˆ‰8f'8 tabesaseru "make/let someone
eat"
{ {f'8 oboesaseru "make/let someone
   f'8 kaesaseru
learn"
"make/let someone
change"

LC: LI_S4L21_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-10-28

 

 

   "! #$

Class 3 Causative Romaji "English

Verb Form Translation"
$8 f'8 saseru "make/let someone
do"
 f'8 kosaseru "make/let someone
come"





  -u, the -u changes to -w, which changes it into ( :


causative.

Sentence Structure

So, what particles do we use when using the causative form? It's important to
think about who is forcing the action and who is performing the action. The one
causing the action is usually marked by a topic-marking particle, wa in main
clauses and ga in subordinate clauses. If the main verb has an object (this kind
of verb is known as a transitive verb, which would require the object marking
particle o), then the one performing the action is marked by ni, because o cannot
occur more than once in the same clause. However, if the main verb doesn't have an
object (this kind of verb is known as an intransitive verb), the one performing
the action can be marked by either ni or o.

Sample sentence one has the transitive verb, suru, so the only particle that can

7 mark the person performing the action is ni. The object marking particle o is
already being used to mark  

1.
Z  R  c 
% = f'& v r #
Hahaoya wa kodomo ni natsuyasumi no shukudai o sasemashita.
"The mother made her kids do homework during summer vacation."

The main verb of this second sample sentence is iku, which is an intransitive verb
(no object). The particle that marks the one performing the action can be either o
or ni.

1.  R   = c w 9'& v r#

Daigaku ky

&  
"
 

"The college professor made his students go do a survey."

LC: LI_S4L21_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-10-28

 

 

   "! #$

Examples from This Lesson

Examples from this Dialog:

1.
H   HJK EAL=M9'? NO 6$@#
Sochira koso, suk$



#
 


2.
Z"Your ]is] Ralso
[ \ dog ^ [8cute `a ? aU skirt."
_ !9 wearing a ?  ;<=bcdef'?(6$#
Haha ga (chiwawa wa samugari dakara) tte itte, y 

  


n desu.
"My mom says that Chihuahuas are sensitive to the cold, so she always makes

3.
Z R  VXWY cmnopm=q9'r _ st c ) : '?  u : 'r _ v ? (6$
her wear clothes."

7#
Haha wa, Maria ni kurashikku o kikasetari, ongaku ni awasete, utawasetari
shite iru n desu yo.
"My mother makes Maria listen to classical music and makes her dance along to

x Ry  c z={f'?(6$87#

it."
4.
Boku wa ima, pochi ni gei o oboesasete iru n desu yo.

|"Right 
}~ cnow, 
 €
I'm making Pochi learn some tricks."
 '? =f'r(6$#
8
5.
Ichirinsha ni norasete, sara o mawasasetai n desu.
"I want to make him learn how to ride a unicycle and balance plates."

Sample Sentences

1. 
R c ˆ=8l  'r#

Tomodachi wa watashi ni shokuji o ogoraseta.
"MyR friends
  made  me –treat them to dinner."
2.   cr = "f'r#
Musume wa chichioya ni tabako o yamesaseta.

  R  d8k
/ =  c –  '8#
"The daughter made her father quit smoking."
3.
J 

 

 &



  
"My superior always makes me do the complicated work."

4. LC: LI_S4L21_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-10-28

 

 

   "! #$

E  R 


=   EACG [ 'r#
K " 
wa senshu-tachi o 1000-m )

&

"The coach made the athletes swim 1000 meters."

LC: LI_S4L21_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-10-28

 

 

   "! #$

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

My Japanese Father's Lament

22 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
English
2
2
3
3
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 5
 

 

   "! #$

Kanji

  
 



 !"#$&%'()!#*+,
(-./#0 123 45
6,
78459:6;<*#,=>?@* ,
 ?@(*",6
6"A BB,

 CD 
E*3F#,G>%'.#03F
#,
H>DA,IJIJILK>%'M3N#0,/>OJOJOJPQ*
A,
/(RS8TU3V* W8X+,
  
 YZ[A,\] W"^_8` 
>R
S"abc:ENd,

 (,efgf(8`RS"ab>6
hi2F,
`jk8hi2F,
 l&m8-nop(q0ENd,

 (,n o&rsd6 q'
2F,uttt
 
 -v v:
,utttwG( 
)x
yz 2F,
,

2 Kana

 D
 2{
|d}


HH |d} "#$>}(2{)#
*+,
2{(~i&F€#0 223 ;D
6,
#‚8;Dƒ#:6;<*#,*>„2*
2{,
2{ „2(*",6
|d}6"A BB,

 CD |d}
E*3F#,…>>};
#03F#,
HH H>DA,IJIJI†V‡>>}F3N#0,F€>OJOJO
ˆ*A,
F€(‰Š8ss3V* #08A:+,
2{ D
 ;‹D&ŒA,
V #0"H‹D8
 
>‰Š">d}D#A:ENd,

LC: LI_S4L22_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-11-11

 

 

   "! #$


 ( ,efgf(8‰Š">d}D>6

hi
2F,
 ‹D8hi2F,
2{ {8H‚o#(#‰0ENd,

 (,‚ oCsd6 V}
2F,uttt
D
 ~} :
,uttt …( 2{

)sd6h:2F,
HH ,

Formal Romanization
J  O-t  
 
 
 
 
 

Chichi Kekkon shite, igirisu ni iku no ka? Gaikoku ni wa Maho o
ikasenai zo.

 


 




 

O

 

 




O





Maho wa hitorimusume dakara, ima made, jiy

O-kane mo jiy

 O"



O
n da, Maho.
Maho Fuman wa nai no. Tada J
J  D  
 !

 


Chichi Chigau yo.

IJIJI$# 



%!
!

O  
gaikokujin dakara desu ka.

ga... shinpai na n da yo.

Musume wa eigo mo zenzen dekinaishi, karada mo yowai n da

3  

& O'

!

( 
%O 

zo.
Maho O-t
J




 )!!)
J  Hai. Rondon ni wa totemo ii eigo no gakk O 

 

arimasu. Ii by 
!
 
Maho Nihon ni mo ichi-nen ni i-kkai wa kaerasete kureru tte.

 
%
 
 
 OJOJOJO" 
 
 

J Hai. Nen,1-do zettai, kikoku sasemasu....
O-t
o zettai shiawase ni shimasu.
Chichi n~.

English
James Sir, please allow me to marry Maho!
Maho's Father Are you gonna get married and move to England? I'm not

LC: LI_S4L22_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-11-11

 

 

   "! #$

letting Maho move to a foreign country.

She's my only daughter, so up until now I've let her do
whatever she wanted.
Maho, I even let you use my money however you wanted. Is
there something you're not satisfied with?
Maho No, it's not that. I just want to get married to James,
Dad.
James Why won't you let me marry her? Is it because I'm a
foreigner?

!!
&
! O
Maho's father No, that's not it. It's because you live in a foreign
country. I'm
She can't speak any English, and she's in delicate health.
Maho Dad, I'll be fine. I've been in good health lately, and
James says he'll let me go to school to learn English.
James Yes. There are many great schools for learning English in
London. There are good hospitals as well.
Maho He also said he'll let me come back to Japan once a year.
James Yes, I'll make sure that she comes back to Japan once a
year.
Please let me say just one thing, sir. I promise to make
Maho happy.
Maho's father Hmm

4 Vocabulary
FN
Kanji |d}FN
Kana Romaji English
45 ;D kekkon suru

to marry
?@ „2 jiy freely
PQ ˆ fuman dissatisfaction
c D #AD shinpai worry, concern
-v ~} kayou to commute
-./ ~i&F€ hitokoto single word
q'FN V}FN hitorimusume
kikoku suru
an only daughter
to return to one's
country

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

LC: LI_S4L22_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-11-11

 

 

   "! #$


( 32F,


*N23( )*3 45 We're going to get married in Hawaii.
 06, I want to live life freely and not work
}"""(?@) until I turn thirty.
N, Many employees at this factory are
 PQ)#|N, dissatisfied with the company.
 l (abcd2F, (I) make my parents worry.
">
 -v8}‰*#d I go to school everyday.
6, The speaker' voice was so quiet that I
-./( 8Y0EN}> couldn't catch a single word.
! D&, I think only daughters tend to be raised
1n 
"  l&m#0#$!%&q'FN!' very carefully.
( 3F, I'm going to return to the U.S. from
Japan this March.

Grammar Points

%The'Focus
 (
of )This
!# *+is, the Permissive Causative ("Let")
Lesson

"I'm not letting Maho move to a foreign country."

In this lesson, we're going to look at the second usage of the causative, known as
the "permissive causative," which means, "to let someone do something."
5 We have already covered the first usage, the "coercive causative," (to make
someone do something), in the previous lesson. (If you haven't read it, please go
back and check Lower Intermediate Series S4, lesson 21.) Whether a sentence
expresses the "permissive causative" or "coercive causative" is determined by the
context or the situation.

Sentence Structure

The sentence structure of the permissive causative is the same as that of

coercive causative-the one causing the action is usually marked by the
topic-marking particle -wa in main clauses and by -ga in subordinate clauses. The
one performing the action is always marked by ni when the main verb is a
transitive verb. However, there is one difference when we use an intransitive verb
as the main verb; not only o but also ni can be the marker of the one performing
the action. Look at the sample sentences below.

LC: LI_S4L22_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-11-11

 

 

   "! #$

The one causing the action in Example 1 is the father who is marked by -wa. The
main verb of the sentence is taberu, which is a transitive verb, so the one
performing the action is marked by ni.

Example 2 has an intransitive verb, asobu, so it is possible to mark the one

performing the action with either o or ni.

Examples:

1.
 (
V*|_C8
)

6,
Chichioya wa suki na dake kodomo ni yakiniku o tabesaseta.
 ( /  .)†

 fg&345
6,
"The father let his kids eat all the yakiniku (Korean barbeque) they wanted."

!


 &
 
O
2.
Oya wa musume san-nin o dizun
"The parents let their three daughters play around freely at Disneyland."

Examples from This Lesson

6
Examples from this Dialogue

1.
%'()!#*+,
Gaikoku ni wa Maho o ikasenai zo.
(-./#0 123 45
6,
"I'm not letting Maho move to a foreign country."



 
O
2.
Maho wa hitorimusume dakara, ima made, jiy
"She's my only daughter; so up until now, I've let her do whatever she wanted.
78459:6;<*#,
"


 

 




O
3.
O-kane mo jiy

4.
n o&rsd6 q'
2F,
"I even let you use my money however she wanted."

Nen, 1-do zettai, kikoku sasemasu.

"I'll make sure that she comes back to Japan once a year."

LC: LI_S4L22_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-11-11

 

 

   "! #$

Sample Sentences

1. 
>‡)vd6"3   ( 
 l

"‡)06,
Buka ga yasumi o hoshii to itta no de Tanaka-buch 
&




yasumi o toraseta.
"Mr. Tanaka's subordinate was saying that he wanted some time off so he let
l&mS"     ( #$!%."  RS3
6,
him take three days off."

( '   



!
 
  
2.
Nihongo no jugy
saseta.
"Mr. Sendo let the American students ask questions in English in Japanese

 ( _C8)4523%
N,
class."






   
 %! O
3.
Takeda-ke wa kodomo o jiy
"The Takeda family lets their children stay out late doing whatever they
want."

7 Language Expansion 1 / J
JEN
When the helping verb
EN   (
 
! 

 %(
 
permissive causative (to let someone do something) and not the coercive causative.

The construction expresses the meaning that someone allows you to do something.

Examples from This Dialogue:

CD 
E*3F#,
  
 !

 
O
1.
D

2.
l&m8-nop(q0ENd,
"Why won't you let me marry her?"

Nihon ni mo ichi-nen ni i-kkai wa kaerasete kureru tte.

LC: LI_S4L22_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-11-11

 

 

   "! #$

"He also said he'll let me come back to Japan once a year."

Sample Sentences

1.
}}
20E2#,
Koko ni tomarasete kuremasen ka.

 ( 6H
)
V*|

E6,
"Won't you please let me spend the night here?"




 
(

 
 



& 
 !
O
2.
Buch
"The boss let us eat all the sushi we wanted."

Language Expansion 2 /  J
J

When you combine the causative form and -

  
 

!
asking for permission to do something.

Examples from This Dialogue:

8  
 



1.
O-t  
 
 
 
 
 

CD 
E*3F#,
"Sir, please allow me to marry Maho!"

  
 !

 
O
2.
D
 
 -v v:
,
"Why won't you let me marry her?"

 
%
 
 
 O
3.
O-t
"Please let me say just one thing, sir."

Sample Sentences

1. LC: LI_S4L22_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-11-11

 

 

   "! #$

}}" " )
a


,
Koko no k 


 
 
 
 O
}")
 

,
"Please let us tour the inside of the factory here."
-
Kono s  (
 
 
 

O
"Please let me try on this suit."

LC: LI_S4L22_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-11-11

 

 

   "! #$

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

Radio Advice for the Socially Inept in Japan

23 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
English
2
2
3
3
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 5
 

 

   "! #$

Kanji

  
  


 !"$#%& ')(*+,-/.0-/1
234 
>?$ @5A6B 7 $8 29:;<= %&
C,DEF 'G!HIJIJK1
LMNOK&

  !HIJIJKP

 QWX  RSTU V7K&

% 
Y 
M 

Z 
[ \ 
2 
] ^ I 
; 
] _ 
L 
` 
a
c LM WX %YM Z[ ;de `a7Ua 2 LfK
 
 
7 
 
U 
a 
L 
b
&g$hjiS!kK%&ml
 no 2pq  rst 'GUt1HOu q KK de `a 2
vX %K WX|}
b twlyxz{ q  ')(~EE€a1

 ‚‚‚jUH Z[ ;ƒd K
`O%&K&„
 …H†# ‡ˆ…$# de `‰ X a 2  ‰P KL W

 ŠX &#‹Œ% K Ž ‘’%L“Oa
L
Z[ 2  ;” M K •`aU&`LM„

2 Kana

  
  

 
KH%J !!P#%& ')(*
+,-/.0-/1 2– L X
X 
X H@ bP7 UJ 2 %—   ; %J X LK%&
  „`K C,DEF 'G!HIJIJK1
LM
UOK&
  !HIJIJKP

 –W—X  K&RSU 7K &
%c YM L 2W– X J˜P 2 U I ; U™L`a7Ua
L b LM %YM L 2– J ;e M e `a7Ua
2 L …K&g$hjiS!„7K%&ml

K%J 2 Y q  LYt 'GUt1HOK q KK
e M X e `a 2 šc ›LW%XK| 
b twljt –œ  Y q  ')(~EE X ‰P

LC: LI_S4L23_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-11-25

 

 

   "! #$

a1

 ‚‚‚jUH L 2– J ; 7 e MK
`O%&K&„
 …H†# š$#…$# e M e `‰ X a 2  ‰P KL

 Š&#KW%UX % K 
K K
 ULK %L“O
a L
L 2– J 2  ; %M K ‰ `aU&`L
M„

Formal Romanization
DJ Makiko Mina-san, konbanwa. DJ Makiko desu.
Konban mo, Eisaku-san to issho ni,   
  
  
101) no jikan desu.
Dewa, sassoku desu ga, ky 


  



 
  

K

  
  


    

Eisaku Konbanwa, Occhokochoi-kun.
DJ Makiko Jitsu wa, ima kurasu ni suki na ko ga imasu.
D

  
!
 "

   
  #


$
dekiru ka, sorekara, d 
  
!

%%


$
dekiru no ka, nayande imasu. Adobaisu o-negai shimasu!
Eisaku Saisho no kotae wa, kantan da. (Suki da) tte ieba ii.
Warawaseru no wa muzukashii...

3 S
&('*)!
%
&+
,"-.-
&
-.-


DJ Makiko ... Kitto, kanojo o nigawarai sasete shimaimasu ne.
Eisaku Yappari, muriyari warawase y 




%
- 
DJ Makiko Amari ishiki shi suginai de, iroiro na kikai ni hanashi
kakete miru koto wa d 
&


Kanojo no koto o shiranai to, yorokobaseru koto wa
dekimasen kara ne.

English
Dj Makiko Good evening, everyone! DJ Makiko here.
It's now time for Nippon 101, brought to you by Eisaku and
me.
Without further ado, I'd like to share today's question.
It's from a second year high school student who calls

LC: LI_S4L23_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-11-25

 

 

   "! #$

himself Scatterbrain.
Eisaku Good evening, Scatterbrain.
Dj Makiko He writes, "You see, there's a girl I like in my class.
I want to know what I can do to make her laugh, and I'm
also wondering about how to let her know how I feel.
Please give me some advice."
Eisaku Well the first answer is easy. Just say you like her.
Making her laugh might be tough
Oh, I know! How about saying some puns? Like, "Taking a
bath, ny .-  
% 
-.-('



Dj Makiko That'll only make her laugh in embarrassment.
Eisaku I guess it's not a good idea to try too hard to make her
laugh.
Dj Makiko Don't think too hard about it. Why don't you just try to
find lots of different opportunities to talk to her?
If you don't know anything about her, you can't really
make her happy.

(Background music)

Vocabulary
4 5 6
Kanji

KanaHbP Romaji
sassoku
English
immediately,
!HIJIJK !HIJIJK promptly
fš …š occhokochoi
nayamu
careless person
to be worried, to be
‡ˆ ˆ
 š$#…$# muriyari
troubled
forcibly, against
‹Œa K%Ua ishiki suru
one's will
to be conscious of,
‘  ULK to be aware
 kikai
konban
chance, opportunity
this evening,
C,DEF „Eš 
tonight
]_ P U™P

penn pen name
xz{ t X –œ c kidzuku to notice
€a  ‰Pa ny
dajare
.-


pun
to take a bath

LC: LI_S4L23_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-11-25

 

 

   "! #$

ƒd Ka 7 e MKa nigawarai suru to force a smile, to

give an embarrased
smile, to laugh
nervously

Vocabulary Sample Sentences


%Y7KY 2  56š The book I ordered has arrived, so I'll
!HIJIJK  2  K— 
 start reading it right away.
8 L#%OB K& AB I'm a very careless person, so I often
 2    a   make mistakes.
 fš Japanese university students worry about
what they will do after graduation when
  €‡ˆ ˆ ; &`Y

they become a junior.
The boss made the new employees drink
  ; ‹Œ%O a alcohol against their will.
X
&Y 22!‘‘ " K&,i%EJ #  
I study with a goal in mind.
Let's meet together next time.
KKC,DEFc 7$ K—L K This evening's dinner is hamburger steak.
!%& ;' ( Y ]_ KY c I cannot come up with a good pen name.
Š&#xz{L#uHOKa ) e a I realized that I forgot my wallet.
‰ You won't be liked if you keep making

5 *+, €a puns.

Z 2- ./  0 7 ƒd K%Y I'll take a bath at the hotel.
His weird behavior had everyone forcing a
smile.

Grammar Points

UH Z[ ;ƒd K

`O%&K&„
The Focus of This Lesson is the "Emotional Responsive Causative"

"That'll only make her laugh in embarrassment."

In this lesson, we are going to look into the usage of the "emotional responsive
causative." This means that one person makes another feel a certain emotion or
emotionally react in a certain way. We have already covered the basic two usages
of the causative in the two previous lessons: the coercive causative and the

LC: LI_S4L23_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-11-25

 

 

   "! #$

permissive causative. The new usage of the causative that we'll learn in this
P  P  
-  d X  e M X  
$ 
lesson we use with several specific verbs that express a psychological change or
•  ‰  
-  %š  L %š  

&  a  !a 
an emotional response, such as    

"to get mad"),


a  Š%a  
"

  & 

 





Sentence Structure

Wa marks the causer in the main clauses, and ga marks the causer in subordinate
clauses. The object marking particle o always marks the one performing the action,
which is because the verbs we use in the emotional responsive causative are all
intransitive verbs.

Examples:

1.
b 2  P 2 8  ; L`Y
Sono eiga wa 

  !  



 '; ,%O  ; •`YK
"That movie made many Japanese viewers cry."
2.
Ry 
  
 
 

#

  
-
  

-"
  
"I want to buy my parents a house and make them happy."

6 Examples from This Lesson

Examples from This Dialogue:

1.
WX %YM Z[ ;de `a7UaL ” #YK
D 

  
!

%%


$
&  

shiritai.

2.
UH Z[ ;ƒd K
`O%&K&„
"I want to know what I can do to make her laugh."

Kitto, kanojo o nigawarai sasete shimaimasu ne.

3.
…H†# ‡ˆ…$# de `‰ X a 2  ‰P KL
"That'll only make her laugh in embarrassment."

Yappari, muriyari warawase y 




%
- 
4.
Z[ 2   ; ” M K •`aU&`LM„
"I guess it's not a good idea to try too hard to make her laugh."

Kanojo no koto o shiranai to, yorokobaseru koto wa dekimasen kara ne.

"If you don't know anything about her, you can't really make her happy."

LC: LI_S4L23_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-11-25

 

 

   "! #$

Sample Sentences

1. 

 K—  E ; uHO $# 2  ;de `&
Hoshino-san wa itsumo j
  
% 
  

%%



2.
Ša B 7is  always
"Hoshino

 saying O and Bmaking
OKjokes ; Meveryone
`O%&around
HY him laugh."
Aru seito ga jugy
.
   "

 



  
"A certain student was dozing off in class and made Mrs. Baba angry."

LC: LI_S4L23_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-11-25

 

 

   "! #$

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

Munch on the Idea of Japanese Lunch Box Day!

24 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
English
2
2
3
4
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 6
 

 

   "! #$

Kanji

 
 
   
 
 !#"$%#&(')#*,+-.#/01
2 *(3')#*(456789#:,;<=>?@
/(AB0CDE1
F!G C&(HI
JK !')#*,+LM10"N,OPNQ
JR STU#"$LV(WX')YLZ\[%#](^#&9/_

` N/a]#"$Lbcd#efg7#EhiE(^#&3j
k&j(OPN,
JK ` N(Dl$367Lm&jnopq]rstuv
w 010xyz{#$|&(}a1Dl
 JLV(W%#](^#&~1/€‚ƒ„PN(q]
…#/19†‡1#Q
Jˆ N(9$‰!')#*,+ŠE/Bq#‹,Œ/0nopŽ
 E(^‘119†‡1q
’ U“#/a7”#jq•–‘nop—˜#E(^#&
3jk&™Dm(
2 jLqCV(Wš›#&$LM10hi&(œža^#&
Ÿ)L73jDj(OPNm(

Kana
jN(k_N(k_N(1CD1CP k_N(1CC(¡†¢£_N
¤ a›k_N †¢£_N(†
†¢
/_N(B3N(1¥¡ ¦3"$M#C&(›9jN(§+†
B^9/01
k_N(3›9jN(§/9¡9k†m9#:(L9
<=>?/|B0CDE1

LC: LI_S4L24_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-09

 

 

   "! #$

F q}C&(X#j(I

C(^1K !›9jN(§+LM10"N,X#$NQ
C(^1R ¤ a/E9^1#3"$L†(¡9X›9jN(l9LZ\q
1M#C](^#&9/_(
` N/a]3"$Li1mN,d#efgD1†Eq9iE
^#&3jk&j(X#$N,
C(^1K ` N(Dl$3k†Lm&j
 /‡q]C†_N,t
 90109a11
9$|&(}a1Dl
/_N(C(^1L†(¡9M#C](^#&|¡1/q01
q9k_N(¥#N(q]™q/19†‡1#Q
C(^1ˆ N(9$‰!›9jN(§+mE/Bq#‹,^M1/0

/‡|9/9E(^‘119†‡1q
qB3N(^13N/a†(1jq/_N(q1‘
/‡BjCE(^#&3jk&™Dm(
jLqC†(¡9a›#&$LM10q9i&kq1$a
^#&
9jN(LD1†3jDj(X#$Nm(

Formal Romanization
T





 


 






 














Watanabe ky

 Dewa, jugy



 






3 Sh







 










!




"




!



 #

jissen shite imasu.
Ky
$

%







!



 


 



 





%



&
 
no gur'
(








 
!
!






 

(Kami o mekuru oto)

Gakusei A (Bent 



 #
 !

 !






)
Gakusei B Watashi wa, sansei. Kodomo ni jibun de o-bent
 



 
5-kai tsukuraseru n desho.
S 

 !

"

%






  



"







  


kangaesaseru koto ga dekiru to om 

Gakusei A S 





*



%




  

"

!

%









"

%




ya fuman ga dete ite, hantai iken mo aru mitai da ne.
Sh 





   




!




"



"



$

%




 
 %


!
 
no kanky 



 




"

%


+




 




 )

LC: LI_S4L24_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-09

 

 

   "! #$

Gakusei C Un, demo (bent 



 #








 


" 

!



 
 !

%
hogosha o anshin sasereba ii n ja nai ka na.
Hoka no gakk 



 


 !

 "
 !








 

"



%
hogosha o nattoku saseru koto ga dekiru hazu da yo.
Tonikaku, jibun no taberu mono ni tsuite kangaeru kikai o
motaseru no wa, hont 
 
  



!



!








English
A class at Tokyo Education University

Professor All right, let's start class.

Watanabe
A group of elementary schools are holding a "Kids Make
Their Own Lunch Day."
Today, please read this newspaper article about Lunch Day,
and discuss it in groups of three.

(Sound of papers shuffling)

Student A What do you think about Lunch Day?

Student B I agree with it. They make kids put together their own

4 lunch five times a year, right? By doing so, I think it

makes the kids really think about the importance of
nutritional balance.
Student A That's true. But according to this article, it looks like
there are some complaints and opposing opinions from the
parents. Making kids put together their own lunch can be
dangerous, and every family's home situation is different,
so wouldn't it be a bit tough?
Student C Yeah, but I think they should just explain the advantages
of Lunch Day to make the parents feel at ease. If they
show them examples of other schools that have had success
with this, they should be able to convince the parents.
Anyway, I think it's really important to create an
opportunity for kids to think about what they eat.

LC: LI_S4L24_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-09

 

 

   "! #$

Vocabulary

Kanji k_Kana N†¢ Romaji



English
J C(^1 ky professor
TU E9^1 gakusei student
b c
 i1mN sansei
eiy
agree
nutrition,
nop /‡ nourishment
‚ƒ q9k_N hogosha

guardian, parent
U“#& ^13N,#& kanky



"

environment
—˜#& BjC(#& seik
nattoku suru
to succeed;V3
to satisfy oneself,
to accept a
-.#& †B^9#& situation
4567 /9¡9k† jissen suru to practice
@#/(APN /|#N shinbunkiji a newspaper article
rs C†_N hanashiau

to discuss, to talk
xy 9a1 kuj complaint
z{ 1
9 hantai opposition
7” †(1 iken
jirei
opinion
an example, an
instance

5 Vocabulary Sample Sentences

S
  Watashi no chichi wa, My father is a college
 CJ daigaku no ky 






 professor.
Boku wa gakusei desu. I'm a student.(informal,
 E9hiLTU Hoshino-san no kangae ni
male speech)
I agree with Hoshino's
3
 bca
B P‹ sansei desu.

" $

 



idea.
#m( Kono ry This dish contains plenty
nopL 9D tappuri desu yo.
Hogosha o gakk 
 





of nutrition.
We called the parents to

  ‚ ƒ 
 9 Sekaij'











 

school.
1&( susunde iru.
The destruction of the
environment is proceeding
 
 yU“#/1 Kare wa zettai seik 
globally.
He'll never succeed.
shinai.

LC: LI_S4L24_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-09

 

 

   "! #$

 
a
510— Kare ga yameta riy'



!

˜#/a nattoku shita.
I heard the reason why he
quit, and I fully
3#*,Ÿ
> Kono nihongo gakk


$
 understood why he did.
 #*, Ÿ 
i -.#/ yun




 





 In this Japanese language
01 oshiekata o jissen shite
school, they are teaching
Japanese in a unique way.
 |&(4567  (
>  imasu.
Ky
 


"


 



 
L B
0 01&(

n
 !

 

!
!


!




!
"


I collect interesting
newspaper articles in a
*,ŸŠ1j
3 LM10@ Nihon no ii tokoro ni notebook.
/(ABa We talked about the good
X #E9q]
  

>L tsuite hanashiatta.
O-kyaku-san kara weit
 
points of Japan.
rs w 0/Ba  



!


 

!
!




The customer compained

 ;xy#/a kuj Hans ' 



 !






!
 
about the waiter.
More than half the number
 €z{510}a1 shita. of people disagreed.
 Senmonka no iken o kiite I want to get some
2 7”
 ›0}E mitai. professional advice.
1 Ima made no jirei o
shirabete minasai.
Please study the previous
cases.

Grammar Points
6 V(Wš›#&$LM10hi&(œža^#&Ÿ)L73jDj(OPNm(
The Focus of This Lesson is a Review of the Causative.

"I think it's really important to create an opportunity for the kids to think
about what they eat."

In this lesson, we are going to review the different usages of the causative that
we covered in the three previous lessons.

Coercive Causative (Lower Intermediate Series Season 4 Lesson 21)

This form of the causative means "to make someone do something."

In a causative sentence, the particle we use to mark the one performing the action
depends on whether the verb has an object (transitive verb) or does not have an
object (intransitive verb). In the case of verbs that have an object, we always

LC: LI_S4L24_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-09

 

 

   "! #$

mark the one performing the action with ni, whereas, if we use a verb that doesn't
have an object as the main verb, we mark the one performing the action with o or
ni.

Japanese J L Romaji



 $


 !

 





 
"Translation"
 aCE9t#](^a o takusan Ky
yaraseta.
"The teacher made the
students do a lot of

 

 L
 
 





 

 




homework."
 } 
B0 #E(^#&( Jkatte kosaseru.
"The boss made his
subordinates go and buy
#"$ L drinks."
Ÿ8^#&( Kodomo ni maitsuki issatsu "I make my kids read one
 S  F L hon o yomaseru. book a month."
I L ^#mNj/01& Ryni
 sumasey

 
$

$

!


 




!


 !
"


"My parents are trying to
 make me live with them."
JJ   F L
IZ 
#](^#&( Sensei wa seito o(ni)
go-kiro hashiraseta.
"The teacher made the
students run five
kilometers.

Permissive Causative (Lower Intermediate Series Season 4 Lesson 22)

7 We translate the permissive causative as "to let someone do something."

We mark the one performing the action with ni when the main verb is a transitive
verb, while in the case of an intransitive verb, either ni or o is possible to
mark the causer.

You can tell whether the sentence expresses coercive causative or permissive
causative by the context or the situation where the sentence is uttered or
written.

Japanese
E9#"$ L Romaji "Translation"
#f
>! ,V
L" ¤ ^ Yoneyama-san wa kodomo ni



!
!


 
'
 
"Mr. Yoneyama lets his kids
01&( int play around freely on the
N(¥
# #
$ #% L tsukawasete iru.

$

internet."
&'( }# ) ](^1 Uchi no kaisha no shach
shain ni zenzen yasumi o
"The boss at my office never
lets his employees take
torasenai. vacations."

LC: LI_S4L24_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-09

 

 

   "! #$

  FL
I;
#]/E(^#&( Musuko o(ni) hitorigurashi "I'll let my son live
  S  saseru. alone."
 €L](^0C(1 tomodachi no ie ni
Chichioya ga watashi o "My dad won't let me spend
 the night at friends'
 w S L tomarasete kurenai.
Shucch
$

$

!


  ni
houses."
q^0CDE1 ikasete kudasai.
"Please let me go on the
business trip!"




!







!  


"


$




!








!
"


! 


(
0C(#&P  0CDE1 #
%









!
$









!


!!
!


(

"
 
  

causative.

Emotional Responsive Causative (Lower Intermediate Series Season 4 Lesson 23)

The third usage of the causative means "to induce someone to feel something." We
C 
!


"

#
% N 
!




#
% ¡ 
!



often use it with several specific verbs that express a psychological change or an

 /  
!





#
% & 
!



!



#
% Ž  #& 
!



"




#
%
emotional response, such as
happy"),
etc.

As for construction, we always mark the causer with o.

8 Japanese C10   Romaji "Translation"
Ž  E(^a1 Hayaku hataraite ry 

 
o "I quickly want to start
anshin sasetai. working and reassure my
 M10   parents."

 `  ](^ 0/Ba Uso o tsuite tomodachi o "I told a lie and made my
 Œ
 ;  okorasete shimatta. friend mad."



!


$




 

 V(Wq^ a Sono sh "That novel made readers all
;  hitobito o nakaseta. over the world cry."

! /"^ aC1 Jibun no taisetsu na hito o "I don't want to make the
/0#¥‡9  kanashimasetaku nai. people close to me sad."

$ JP ¤ ^a Hen na kao o shite akachan o "I made a weird face and
*&%>')((>*10  warawaseta. made the baby laugh."

 ( 
!

 "
 !

   ‘^a1 Tanj "I want to make my friend
tomodachi o yorokobasetai. happy by throwing a
birthday party for her."

LC: LI_S4L24_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-09

 

 

   "! #$

Examples from This Lesson

Examples of coercive causative:

#"$LV(WX')YLZ\[%#](^#&9/_(

1. Z
Kodomo ni jibun de o-bent




  &

 !




"



"









2.
` N/make
"They a]kids
#"put $Lbtogether
cd#eftheir gown 7#Elunch
hifiveE(^#times
&3jayear,
k&right?"
j(OPN,
S

 !

"

%






  



"







  












"



!





"

to om

"By doing so, I think it makes the kids really think about the importance of

3.
JLV(Wbalance."
nutritional %#](^#&~1/€‚ƒ„PN(q]…#/19†‡1#Q
Sh





   




!




"



"



$

%




 
 %


!
 










 


kara, muzukashii n ja nai?
"Making kids put together their own lunch can be dangerous, and it doesn't go
’ U“#/a7”"•–‘nop—˜#E(^#&3jk&™Dm
along with the usual home environment, so wouldn't it be a bit tough?"
4. 
Hoka no gakk 



 


 !

 "
 








 

"



%










!
!



saseru koto ga dekiru hazu da yo.
"If they show them examples of other schools that have had success with this,

9
they should be able to convince the parents."

Example of permissive causative:

jLqCV(Wš›#&$LM10hi&(œža^#&Ÿ)L73jD
1. j(OPNm(
Tonikaku, jibun no taberu mono ni tsuite kangaeru kikai o motaseru no wa,

 
  



!



!








hont
"Anyway, I think it's really important to create an opportunity for kids to
think about what they eat."

Example of emotional responsive causative:

1.
$‰!')#*,+ŠE/Bq#‹,Œ/0nopŽ  E(^‘119†‡1q

LC: LI_S4L24_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-09

 

 

   "! #$


Demo (bent 


 #








 


" 

!



 
 !

%











 
sasereba ii n ja nai ka na.
"Yeah, but I think they should just explain the advantages of Lunch Day to
make the parents feel at ease."

10

LC: LI_S4L24_121209 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-09

 

 

   "! #$

Lower Intermediate Lesson S4

International Student Exchange in Japan

25 Formal Kanji
Formal Kana
Formal Romanization
English
2
2
3
3
Vocabulary 4
Grammar Points 5
 

 

   "! #$

Kanji

 
 
 

 !"#$% &'
( )'*+,

-./0123456728

9 :;
<=> ?@ABCD838'* E
F2G
H BIJKL 38'
-FM'*N*
78
OP 3> ?@AQ 2D*R
S TU
9 
V 
> ?@AWX$% RT7
Y3
G H WXZ78
[Z73R
9 S T7@ 17
\]^_`1U
ab _G_ b _G_c
deUf7'*7gihhhj
alkmn @ m c

o*o*8'2p@> ?@Arq
> ?@ 
stD2> ?@ 1u2Dvd 'vNDwxh
hh

@vNDwZ
yze{Dv7 |
G_}@~
€‚ƒ{„*wYvrqq
9 1 ……… |

2 Kana

 
E†TZ
‡wˆ

iE†TZ‡w‰ŠiT7Š*
+w&'w'*+,

‡w1T1Š0123s‹TŒ728

 „‹Uw
*  > ?@ w…1D838'* E

F2G H 7 E‹TE* 38'

‡w1T
Fe'*N*78
F{*  3> ?@ w*2
D*R
 S TU
 
 
2*
> ?@ ww1T*+wRT
7
 Y3
G H w1TZ78
ŽZ73R
 
 S T7@ 17
\]^_`1U

LC: LI_S4L25_122609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-23

 

 

   "! #$

a b _G_
 b _G_c
 FSeU7'*7gihhhj
alkmn @ m c
 
„*„*8'2p@> ?@ wxq
> ?@ 
stD2> ?@ 13T2DvFS'vND
wxhhh

@vNDwZ
YweŠ7e{Dv7 |


G_}@7
3Š wŒev{„*wYvrqq
 1 ……… |

Formal Romanization
Haha (Narubeku, ry  





 
 
kudasai. Ry  







 


taiken sasete agete kudasai.) tte sensei wa itte takedo,
hont 

 










Chichi Kyonen, Taichi wa J 



 


oishii tai no kateiry 

  
 



o-sewa ni natta mitai dakara, ore-tachi mo J 


tanoshimasete agetai yo na.
Haha S 
 
Chichi A, ashita wa, J 

 


 
 
 

3 Haha Demo, tai ni wa sent 






Chichi S 





 
 

 
( chikutakuchikutaku)
Haha Osoi wa ne. Nani ka atta no kan 
( pinp !
Haha A, kita kita. Irassh 

"$#
J A, hajimemashite. J 



%

 
A, an 
&
 

 
 
 
'
Takush ( 





) 
 



 $##
Chichi to haha * '

English
Mother The teacher was saying, "Please let your exchange student
speak in Japanese as much as possible, and please let them

LC: LI_S4L25_122609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-23

 

 

   "! #$

experience typical Japanese life,"

but do we really not have to do anything special?
Father Last year, Taichi got to stay at Joe's house, and they let
him try some homemade Thai food and did a lot for him, so
I also want to let Joe have a nice time.
Mother That's true.
Father Oh, maybe tomorrow, I'll let Joe experience what a public
bath is like.
Mother But they don't have public baths in Thailand so he might
not like the idea.
Father Oh, right  


 




  






relaxed.
(Tick-tock-tick-tock)
Mother It's getting late. I wonder if something happened.
(Ding-dong)
Mother Oh, he's here! Welcome, Joe!
Joe Oh, nice to meet you! My name's Joe. I'm sorry I'm late.
Um, excuse me, but would you let me use the phone?
I left all of my luggage in the taxi!
Father What?!

Vocabulary
4 Kanji Kana Romaji English
  E†TZ
ry  
exchange student
futs
!" ‰ŠiT
CD 1D
ordinary
tomaru to stay at (e.g.,
FM Fe
hotel)
o-sewa ni naru to be taken care of;
Q 2 * 2

V1
tanoshimu to enjoy oneself; V1
WX w1T
sent  bath-house, public
€  3Š

bath
$%v  *+wv 
nimotsu luggage, baggage
taiken suru to experience
BIJK
 
7 E‹TE
 
katei ry 
home cuisine
narubeku preferably

LC: LI_S4L25_122609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-23

 

 

   "! #$

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

 Yv
Watashi wa ry  
  I'm a foreign exchange

1 T
ˆ!"
<
student.
Y Taro to iu namae wa goku





Taro is a very ordinary
=C


 CD' futs name.
*01Z
Ippaku j  

  I have stayed at a hotel
ni tomatta koto ga aru. that cost 100,000 yen per
FM ED2*
night.
O-sewa ni narimashita. Thank you for your
i@@Q 2ND Tanj 
( 
kindness.
I enjoyed the birthday
2*
B  Z {*Y
WX tanoshimimashita. party.
  '* Ie no furo ga kowareta no The shower at home broke,
€
00   de sent 



 so I went to a public bath.

Nimotsu wa koko ni oite Please put your luggage
  1 v $%ZY„ kudasai. here.
  27'* Nihon-jin to k 
 I was glad that I was able
taiken ga dekite to socialize with Japanese
i\Y
] m `BIJK ureshikatta.
Pari de furansu no katei
people.
I had French home cooking
L*
  ! t" # 2 ry 

  in Paris.

Narubeku hayame ni sh  Please get together as soon

5 shite kudasai. as possible.

Grammar Points
The Focus of This Lesson Is the Causative Form.
vNDwZ
yze{Dv7 |

Sumimasen ga, denwa tsukawasete kuremasu ka?

"Um, excuse me, but would you let me use the phone?"

In this lesson, we'll focus on three constructions that use the causative form.
When you combine the causative form with the helping verbs -
 { 

 
and -
38T

  $
 

  

 $
 

 

  




$ 
!
% &  

& 
 
& '% (  
meaning
{ 
"to let someone do something." We covered one of these constructions
(

LC: LI_S4L25_122609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-23

 

 

   "! #$

Sentence Structure

As with normal causative sentence structure, it is important to think about who

is allowing the action and who is performing the action.

&
 $

  
 {  

 

$


$

wa marks the
one allowing the action in main clauses, and ga marks the one allowing the action
in subordinate clauses. Ni marks the one performing the action.

&
 $

 38T 

  

 

 $
{

 






the action is opposite to the case of - 
  Wa or ga marks the
one performing the action, and ni marks the one allowing the action.

Examples:

1.


  +
= H m  D* 

Watashi wa kodomo ni hitokuchi dake wain o nomasete ageta.

2.
"I let my child
6

 
have a sip ^ ofwine."
 ] m   
 e{*  
Otto wa watashi ni k 




kawasete kureta.

3.

 
"Myhusband let me buy an expensive
 *Y
 
brand-name bag."
 D38'*   


6
Watashi wa kaze o hiita no de j ni shigoto o yasumasete moratta.
"I caught a cold, so my boss let me take some time off."

 a c

When the auxilary verb



$
 


 $
 
$  

that means "I let (something) do something".
Examples:

1.    8

Shain ni y 

 
 
2.


"I let
 
my employees !
take some time off."
` 

Kodomo ni doresu o kisasete ageru.

3. "# 

"I let
Y
my child
 a wear
 c
 %$
a dress."
* &'

LC: LI_S4L25_122609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-23

 

 

   "! #$

K 




!
 
 


"I let my child play in the park."

Examples from the dialogue:

 
 
   !"
1. #$% 

Narubeku, ry  





 
 

  



wa nihon no futs 

 



 
 
 


"Please let your exchange student speak in Japanese as much as possible, and
please let them experience typical Japanese life".
V 
> ?@AWX$% RT7
2.
Ashita wa, J 

 


 
 
 

"Maybe tomorrow, I'll let Joe experience what a public bath is like."
17
\]^_`1U
3.
Tonikaku, rirakkusu sasete agenai to ne.
"Well, anyway, we have to make sure he feels relaxed."

$ If the main verb doesn't have an object (known as an intransitive verb), o can
also mark the one performing the action.

 a c{ 
7
When the auxilary verb
{ 

$
 


 $
 
$  


that means "someone kindly lets me (or someone in the in-group) do something."
Examples:

F w
Š 3„01  { 
1.
O-k 








ni sasete kureru.
"My mom always
  
lets me do
8 {Dv7 |
whatever I like."
2. 
Shashin o torasete kuremasu ka?
"Would
3.

you let
   a %$ #
me take a picture?"
c {*

Kantoku wa boku ni(o) shiai ni dasasete kureta.

"The coach let me play in the game."

LC: LI_S4L25_122609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-23

 

 

   "! #$

Examples from the dialogue:

vNDwZ
yze{Dv7 |
1.
Sumimasen ga, denwa tsukawasete kuremasu ka?
"Excuse me, but would you let me use the phone?"

$ If the main verb doesn't have an object (known as an intransitive verb), o can
also mark the one performing the action. The main verb of the sentence, dasu, uses
the particle ni, so it would be more natural to use o instead of ni to mark the
one performing the action.

 a c38T

When the auxilary verb

38T

$
 


 $
 
$  

that has the nuance of "I have someone let me do something/someone lets me do
something". It is similar in meaning to the causative plus
{ 



  
carry that nuance of gratitude that
{ 
 
Note: Even if the main verb doesn't have an object (known as an intransitive
verb), ni always marks the one performing the action.

8 Examples:

1.
 ZY
(    38T

Y




  

ni jugy 

  

 

2.
"I{
have
*Y

an errand 
to

run, 
so I'm going to have the teacher let me skip class."
38'*

Tsukareta no de j ni ky 
 
 

3.  
"I was

„  38… '
tired, so my boss let me take a break."

Ten'in ni suki na h 


 
 
"The store clerk lets me choose the wrapping paper."

Example from the dialogue:

:;
<=> ?@ABCD838'* E
F2G H BIJKL 
1.

LC: LI_S4L25_122609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-23

 

 

   "! #$

38'
-FM'*N*78

Kyonen, Taichi wa J



 







kateiry

  
 


 





"Last year, Taichi got to stay at Joe's house, and they let him try some
homemade Thai food and did a lot for him..."

LC: LI_S4L25_122609 © www.JapanesePod101.com - All Rights Reserved 2009-12-23

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