CP TC12

Reference Manual
 CP TC12 Reference Manual

Manual Version: CPTC12.AE.3

© OMICRON electronics GmbH 2010. All rights reserved.
This manual is a publication of OMICRON electronics GmbH.
All rights including translation reserved. Reproduction of any kind, for example, photocopying,
microfilming, optical character recognition and/or storage in electronic data processing systems,
requires the explicit consent of OMICRON electronics GmbH. Reprinting, wholly or in part, is not
permitted.
The product information, specifications, and technical data embodied in this manual represent the
technical status at the time of writing and are subject to change without prior notice.
We have done our best to ensure that the information given in this manual is useful, accurate and
entirely reliable. However, OMICRON electronics GmbH does not assume responsibility for any
inaccuracies which may be present.
The user is responsible for every application that makes use of an OMICRON product.
OMICRON electronics GmbH translates this manual from the source language English into a number
of other languages. Any translation of this manual is done for local requirements, and in the event of a
dispute between the English and a non-English version, the English version of this manual shall govern.

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 Contents

Contents
Safety Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
2 Measuring Principle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
3 Connecting the CP TC12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
3.1 Components of the CP TC12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
4.1 Cleaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Contact Information / Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

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 CP TC12 Reference Manual

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 Safety Instructions

Safety Instructions
Caution: High-voltage tests are only permitted to operators that are
particularly skilled and experienced in high-voltage testing!

During the entire test, the operator is responsible for complying with all
applicable safety requirements.

Warning: The metallic container of the CP TC12 represents the high-voltage

electrode. During the test, this part carries a voltage of up to 12 kV. Therefore,
treat the area around the CP TC12 as "prohibition zone" according to
EN 50191. Make sure that nobody can enter this zone during the test. Use
walls or barriers for protection as shown in Figure 3-1 on page 13.

Since a possible capacitive coupling can create a very high touch voltage, do not
place the container onto a metallic or conducting surface.
Before carrying out tests with high voltage, please carefully read the following
safety instructions:
• Do not perform any test without having read this CP TC12 Reference Manual
as well as the CPC 100 and CP TD1 Manuals.
• In particular, carefully read all safety instructions and follow them.
• Do not use the test equipment without a steady connection to substation
ground.
• Comply with all applicable national and international standards for a safe
operation of high-voltage test equipment (EN 50191, IEEE 510 and others).
• Never touch any terminal without a visible earth connection.

FOR YOUR OWN SAFETY

Always follow the 5 safety rules:
1. Insulate
2. Secure to prevent reconnecting
3. Check isolation
4. Earth and short-circuit
5. Cover or shield neighbouring live parts

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 CP TC12 Reference Manual

6
 Introduction

1 Introduction
Capacitance (C) and Dissipation Factor (DF) measurement is an established
and important insulation diagnosis method. It can detect:
• Aging of insulation liquids
• Contamination of insulation liquids with particles
• Water in liquid insulation
In an ideal capacitor without any dielectric losses, the insulation current is
exactly 90° leading according to the applied voltage. For a real insulation with
dielectric losses this angle is less than 90°. The angle  = 90° - is called loss
angle. In a simplified diagram of the insulation, Cp represents the loss-free
capacitance and Rp the losses (see Figure 1-1).

IRP
ICP

U CP RP

Figure 1-1 Simplified circuit diagram of a capacitor

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 CP TC12 Reference Manual

The definition of the dissipation factor and the vector diagram are shown in
Figure1-2.
I RP 1
tan  = ----------- = -------------------- Re
I CP 1  C p

with  = 2 x  x f
and f = frequency

I
I Rp

j Im I Cp

Figure 1-2 Definition of dissipation factor (tan ) and the vector diagram

The correlation between the Dissipation Factor and Power Factor (PF = cos )
and the vector diagram are shown in Figure 1-3.

Im With « 1

  tan   sin 

ICN ICX  = --- – 
2
DF
PF = ------------------------
 1 + DF
2

PF
DF = ----------------------
 1 – PF
2

UO
Re

Figure 1-3 Correlation between DF and PF

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 Introduction

Figure 1-4 shows the breakdown voltage and DF in oil, dependent on the water
content. With low water content, the breakdown voltage is very sensitive; with
higher water content, the DF is a good indicator.
0
kV/cm /00

600 60

500 50
Breakdown voltage

400 40

Dissipation factor
tan 
300 30
d
200 20

100 10

0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 mg/kg
Water content

Figure 1-4 Breakdown voltage and DF in oil, dependent on the water

content

Figure 1-5 shows the DF of new and used oil, dependent on the temperature.
With higher temperatures, the viscosity of the oil decreases. The particles, ions,
and electrons can move easier and faster. Thus, the DF increases with
temperature.
0
/00
104
42
tan 

103 1
= new oil
32 2
= used oil

102
22

11
101

1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 °C
Oil temperature

Figure 1-5 DF of new and aged oil, dependent on the temperature

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 CP TC12 Reference Manual

For mineral oil, the dissipation factor is generally measured at 90° C according
to IEC.
1 1
When the dissipation factor is measured at 20° C, the values are about ------ to ------
10 20
of the 90° C values.

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 Measuring Principle

2 Measuring Principle
In the measuring schematic in Figure 2-1, the guard (ring) is shown as cut
surface.

Plexiglass
Guard

UST-A

Figure 2-1 Measuring schematic

Figure 2-2 Measurement settings

Note: Whereas the 8 kV measuring voltage in Figure 2-2 is just an example, we

recommend to use the averaging factor (number of measurements) setting of
Ø = 10 at any rate.

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 CP TC12 Reference Manual

Figure 2-3 shows the oil test cell’s minimum oil level, which should be slightly
above the lower edge of the guard.

Plexiglass
Guard
Minimum oil level

Figure 2-3 Minimum oil level

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 Connecting the CP TC12

3 Connecting the CP TC12

Figure 3-1 shows a typical test setup with the CP TC12 connected to the
CP TD1. Keep a minimum of 50 cm (20 inches) from the test cell to the barriers
in all directions, and make sure that high-voltage warning signs are well visible.

Figure 3-1 Typical test setup

blue guard

red meas. electrode

>

Guard
10
cm

Connecting
Plexiglass
cables to the
cover
CP TD1

High-voltage cable

Figure 3-2 Oil test cell CP TC12

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 CP TC12 Reference Manual

Warning: The container housing carries very high voltage. To avoid electrical
spark-over between the two CP TD1 connecting cables and the housing, keep
the cables at least 10 cm (4 inches) away from the housing.

3.1 Components of the CP TC12

Figure 3-3 shows the disassembled oil test cell.

Measuring electrode

High-voltage electrode
(container)

Base

Connector for high-voltage

cable

Plexiglass cover Guard Retainer

Figure 3-3 Disassembled oil test cell CP TC12

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 Technical Data

4 Technical Data
Three-electrode design with guard for precise measurement, especially of small
losses, electrodes made of stainless steel.

• Test gap: 11 mm / 0.43 inch

• Capacitance of empty cell (air): approx. 65 pF ± 10 %
• Sample volume: 1.2 - 2 l / 41 - 68 fl.oz.
• Max. RMS test voltage: 12 kV
• Inner dimensions (diameter x height): 172 mm x 180.8 mm
(6.8 x 7.1 inches)
• Weight: approx. 9.2 kg / 20 lbs
• Dimensions of case (L x W x H) 390 mm x 390 mm x 400 mm
(15.35 x 15.35 x 15.75 inches)
• Weight with case: approx. 12 kg / 26 lbs

4.1 Cleaning
Clean the cell with warm water and a dishwashing detergent. The plexiglass
cover may not be exposed to temperatures higher than 60° C. Do not use
alcohol for cleaning the plexiglass cover.

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 CP TC12 Reference Manual

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 Contact Information / Technical Support

Contact Information / Technical

Support
Europe, Africa, Middle East
OMICRON electronics GmbH
Oberes Ried 1
A-6833 Klaus, Austria
Phone: +43 5523 507-333
E-Mail: [email protected]
Web: www.omicron.at

Asia, Pacific
OMICRON electronics Asia Ltd.
Suite 2006, 20/F, Tower 2
The Gateway, Harbour City
Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R.
Phone: +852 2634 0377
E-Mail: [email protected]
Web: www.omicron.at

North and South America

OMICRON electronics Corp. USA
12 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1510
Houston, TX 77046, USA
Phone: +1 713 830-4660 or 1 800 OMICRON
E-Mail: [email protected]
Web: www.omicronusa.com

For addresses of OMICRON offices with customer service centers, regional

sales offices or offices for training, consulting and commissioning please visit
our Web site.

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 OMICRON Contact Addresses

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 Index

Index L
level
oil level in test cell 12
A
address
manufacturer 17
M
averaging factor (number of measurements) 11 manufacturer address 17
measurement settings 11
measuring
B capacitance 7
dissipation factor 7
breakdown voltage and DF in oil 9 mineral oil
dissipation factor of 10
C
capacitance measurement 7 O
components 14 oil level in test cell 12
cos Phi OMICRON address 17
correlation to dissipation factor 8

D P
power factor
dielectric losses 7 correlation to dissipation factor 8
dissipation factor prohibition zone 5
correlation to power factor 8
definition 8
dependent on the temperature 9
for mineral oil 10
S
of new and used oil 9 safety instructions 5
dissipation factor measurement 7 support 17

G T
guard 11 technical support 17
test setup 13

H
high-voltage electrode 5
U
hotline 17 UST-A 11

I
insulation diagnosis 7

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 CP TC12 Reference Manual

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