002-

Two maps below show an area of land before and after the building of
hydroelectric dam. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the
main features, and make comparisons where relevant

The maps (given layout) show the significant changes of the area after the
construction of hydroelectric dam in 1980 and 2000. The place became modern and
more functional for the people but some biodiversity had to be sacrificed
Overall, the area underwent a complete transformation during two decades. In 1980,
a river divided the area into two parts.
However, in the next twenty years, on the left side of the river, the forest and ancient
structures in the North West were totally removed to make way for the building of the
dam, at the same time destroying the habitat of many rare plants and animals. On
the other side of the river, the farming land was also cleared to expand the river and
a new hotel took the place of the old village while the village was relocated to the
Southeast of the area. As the river was expanded, besides a lake in in the north,
there was fishing area and the dam was built between the two mountains linked with
power grid towers for storing the electricity.
007-

The table below shows the amount of waste production (in millions of tons)
in six different countries over a twenty-year period.

The chart provides an overview in terms of the amount of waste that were produced
in six countries in the years 1980, 1990 and 2000.
The Unite States remained the leading producer of waste in 2000, 192 million tons,
41 and 61 million tons higher than in 1990 and 1980 respectively and more output
than rest of countries combined. Next comes with Japan, which nearly doubled its
amount waste from 28 million tons in 1980 to 53 million tons in 2000.
By contrast, Korea was the only country where there was no waste production
recorded in 1980. Its amount soared to 31 million tons only a decade later although
experiencing a slight drop of 12 million tons in the end of the last century. The amount
of waste output in Poland and Portugal gradually grew at a lower level, with 4 million
and 2 million tons in 1980 separately, each adding around 1 million tons to its total
amount per 10 years. Meanwhile, Ireland is successful in keeping the waste
production below 0.6 million tons from 1980 to 1990 prior to reaching the same level
of Portugal in 2000.
To summarize, most of surveyed countries failed to reduce the amount of waste and
the US is mainly responsible for the highest amount of waste over the given period.
010-

The table shows the percentage government spend on the education and
training and participating of 18-24 years old in education and training in five
countries in 2002.

The table provides an overview of the percentage of government’s spending on

education and the rate of youngsters’ participation in five countries in 2002.
Slovenia spent more on education than other countries, a quarter of the national
budget, which was five times greater than Poland’s government. However, Poland
showed a higher level of efficiency, with the rate of participation being recorded at
44%, compared to 40% of Slovenia. Hungary is a country where education only
accounted for 13% of all government’s expenditure, but the percentage of the young
going for study was the third largest, 34%.
Romania and Czech Republic shared a comparable figure in the rate of spending,
around a fifth, while there was a difference in the rate of participation among the
youth. 23% of the youngster participating in education was Romanian, 4% lower than
those from Czech Republic.
To summarize, Slovenia’s government devoted more attention to education than
other countries, whereas Poland and Hungary were successful in educating their
youngsters.
029-

The first graph below shows the number of train passengers of different
years from 2000 to 2009. The second graph shows the target percentage of
trains running on time and actual percentage of trains.

The line graphs provide information about the number of travelers using railways
from 2000 to 2009 and the target and factual proportion of punctuality of the trains
over the same period.
In general, 2005 had the biggest number of passengers while the percentage of train
operating on time was mostly behind the target.
In 2000, there were around 250 million passengers going by train and this figure
continue rising dramatically by 50 million before seeing a slight drop of around 40
million. Regarding the train running on due, the target was always 95% in the whole
period of 9 years. In the first two years, the figure of train coming on time nearly
reached the target in 2001 but this then fell considerably to just over 75%, about 20
percent below the goal in 2001. After 2002, this figure recovered and achieved the
target given and this remained in the next four years. However, the percentage of
on-time railways then went down sharply with achieving 75%, marking 2009 the year
of having lowest rate of trains on schedule.
036-

The graph shows the percentage of university students in 18-25 year olds in
four countries between 1961 and 2011.

The line chart gives information in terms of the proportion of undergraduates in

several nations from 1961 to 2011 in the age 18 to 25.
In general, most surveyed countries had an upward trend in the number of students
studying in universities. At the same period, Singapore gained highest percent of
university students among the four nations.
In 1961, Philippines had nearly a third of undergraduates and this kept increasing to
over 40% before leveling off at this point until 2011. Singapore, although starting at
a much lower point at under 20%, its data increased dramatically and this was more
than three times as many as students over 50 years, reaching 60% in 2011. Similarly,
Thailand showed an upsurge of 55% in the number of students going to university
from just 5 %, equaling to that of Singapore in 2011. Malaysia, in contrast, was
always the nation having the lowest percentage of university students though it also
witness considerable growths, which was four times higher in 2011 compared to 5%
in 1961.
048-

The graph and chart give information and forecast the vehicle and CO2
emission in England and Wales between 2000 and 2020.

The bar chart, combined with the line graph, provides past and future data in terms
of CO2 emission and the vehicle in England and Wales in a span of 20 years
commencing 2000.
As we can be seen in the column chart, cars remained the leading producer of carbon
dioxide over the given period. Its amount expanded to around 23 tons in 2010 and is
expected to hit a peak of over 25 tons in 2020, 5 tons higher than in 2000. Next
comes with trucks, with its emission being calculated to jump from 15 tons in 2000
to just below 24 tons in 2020. The amount of emission from vans, which is the third
largest producer, is projected to grow to 15 tons in 2020, adding virtually only 1 tons
each ten years. In contrast to these increases, the figure for buses stayed unchanged
at around 9 tons within the term.
The line graph reveals a gradual growth in the number of vehicles over the time
frame. The year 2020 will see approximately estimated 60 million of vehicles, tripling
the figure for two decades ago.
To summarize, cars are mainly responsible for the highest amount of carbon dioxide
emissions and the number of vehicle remains on an upward trend that indicates the
growing tendency of cars purchasing.
053-

The charts show the average age at which men and women retired from work
in seven countries in 2004 and 2008.

The two bar charts present the details of average retirement age of men and women
respectively in seven different countries from 2004 to 2008.

Overall, it is obvious that women had shorter average retirement ages than men in all
countries, where people retired later over the four years

There was an upward trend that the average retirement ages of people in all countries in
2008 were higher than the figures in 2004, except for Italy. The highest average retirement
age of men was in Sweden, rising from 63 in 2004 to 63.7 in 2008. In contrast, Italy had the
lowest figures, at only 58 in both years. Netherland, Sweden and UK had longer average
retirement ages of men, above 61, while these figures were below 61 in the other four
countries.

Women had a similar trend of change in average retirement ages, compared with men. Six
countries saw an increase of these figures within the four years, Italy experienced a fall to
56 in 2008, 1 year lower than that in 2004. Sweden till had largest average retirement ages
of women, at 62 in 2004 and 63 in 2008.
064-

The pie charts show the types and reasons for employees of an export
company to have language training courses.

The two pie graphs illustrate an overview in terms of the types of employment and
employees’ reasons for taking language-training classes in an export company.

As we can be seen in the first pie chart, the highest percentage of employees having a part-
time job in the evening make up 38%, approximately four times higher than the figure for
those paying tuition by themselves. Next comes with part-time jobs on weekdays, with the
figure being recorded at 23%, closely followed by long-distance jobs with 22%. Finally, a
total of 17% of those surveyed interested in intensive courses and self-tuition.

The second pie chart reveals that the most prominent reason of joining language courses
is for holiday travel, accounting for 45%. Business travel, the second rank, takes up
(comprises of) a substantially lower percentage for the remaining 18%. Meanwhile, meeting
people and personal interests are mainly reasons of staff members that share a comparable
figure, at somewhere in the vicinity of 14%. Almost one in ten employees state the reason
for meeting foreigner.

To summarize, laborers with night shift part-time jobs comprise of (primarily responsible for
the highest proportion compared to other) the higher proportion than the other while
traveling on holiday is the major reason for attending language training courses.
066-

The charts below give information about players of electronic games in South
Korea in 2003.

The three pie charts provide an overview in terms of percentage of age and gender of
players and kind of their favorite electronic games in South Korea in 2003.

As can be seen in the first two pie charts, youngsters played games more than other age
groups. Those aged lower 36 comprised of around 80% of players, virtually quadrupling the
figure for over 36-year-old players. Meanwhile, there were more males than females playing
the games, 72% as opposed to 28%.

The remaining pie chart reveals that action games were more chosen by players,
accounting for no less than two-fifths. This figure nearly doubled the proportion of
participant those selected kind of sports and racing games with 20% and 17% respectively.
Only a total of 14% of players were interested in education and role-playing games, leaving
a negligible 6% for other games.

To summarize, action games was more prominent than other ones, while the young spend
their time on playing more than the older. Besides, the rate of female players was lower
than that of their counterparts.