INMOTC 2020

Resource Person: Prithwijit De

1. Let A, B, P be three points on a circle. Prove that if a and b are the distances from P to
the tangents at A and B and c is the distance from P to the chord AB, then c2 = ab.
2. A line l bisects the perimeter and the area of a triangle ABC. Prove that l passes through
the incentre of triangle ABC.
3. Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle with 6 B = 6 C. Let the circumcentre be O and the
orthocentre be H. Prove that the centre of the circle BOH lies on the line AB.
4. Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle with AB > AC and 6 BAC = 60◦ . Denote the
circumcentre by O and the orthocentre by H and let OH meet AB at P and AC at Q.
Prove that P O = HQ.
5. In triangle ABC, 6 BAC = 120◦ . Let the angle bisectors of angles A, B and C meet the
opposite sides in D, E, F respectively. Prove that the circle on diameter EF passes through
D.
6. The diagonals AC and BD of a cyclic quadrilateral meet at E. The midpoints of the sides
AB, BC, CD and DA are P ,Q,R and S respectively. Prove that the circles EP S and EQR
have the same radius.

7. Let ABC be a triangle and X be a point inside the triangle. The lines AX,BX and CX
meet the circle ABC again at P , Q and R respectively. Choose a point U on XP which is
between X and P . Suppose that the lines through U which are parallel to AB and CA meet
XQ and XR at points V and W respectively. Prove that the points R, W , V and Q lie on
a circle.

8. In triangle ABC the centroid is G and D is the midpoint of CA. The line through G parallel
to BC meets AB at E. Prove that 6 AEC = 6 DGC if, and only if, 6 ACB = 90◦ .
9. A triangle ABC has 6 BAC > 6 BCA. A line AP is drawn so that 6 P AC = 6 BCA where P
is inside the triangle. A point Q outisde the triangle is taken so that P Q is parallel to AB,
and BQ is parallel to AC. R is the point on BC (separated by Q by the line AP ) such that
6 P RQ = 6 BCA. Prove that the circumcircle of ABC touches the circumcircle of P QR.

10. Let S and r be the area and the inradius of the triangle ABC. Let rA denote the radius of the
circle touching the incircle, AB and AC. Define rB and rC similarly. The common tangent
of the circles with radii r and rA cuts a little triangle from ABC with area SA . Quantities
SB and SC are defined in a similar fashion. Prove that

SA SB SC S
+ + =
rA rB rC r

11. ABCD is a convex quadrilateral for which AB is the longest side. Points M and N are
located on sides AB and BC respectively, so that each of the segments AN and CM divides
the quadrilateral into two parts of equal area. Prove that the segment M N bisects the
diagonal BD.

12. Let triangle ABC have incentre I and circumcentre O. Suppose that 6 AIO = 90◦ and
6 CIO = 45◦ . Find the ratio AB : BC : CA.

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13. Let Γ be a circle with radius r. Let A and B be distinct points on Γ such that AB < r 3.
Let the circle with centre B and radius AB meet Γ again at C. Let P be the point inside Γ
such that the triangle ABP is equilateral. Finally, let the line CP meet Γ again at Q. Prove
that P Q = r.
14. I is the incentre of triangle ABC. Points X, Y are located on the line segments AB, AC
respectively so that BX.AB = IB 2 and CY.AC = IC 2 . Given that X, I, Y are collinear,
find the possible values of the measure of angle A.
15. Prove that the perpendiculars drawn from the midpoints of the sides of a cyclic quadrilateral
to the opposite sides are concurrent.

16. Let ABCDE be a convex pentagon such that AB = BC and 6 BCD = 6 EAB = 90◦ . Let X
be a point inside the pentagon such that AX is perpendicular to BE and CX is perpendicular
to BD. Show that BX is perpendicular to DE.
17. In a circle C with centre O and radius r, let C1 , C2 be two circles with centres O1 , O2 and
radii r1 , r2 respectively, so that each circle Ci is internally tangent to C at Ai and so that
C1 , C2 are externally tangent to each other at A. Prove that the three lines OA, O1 A2 and
O2 A1 are concurrent.
18. Let C(O, R) be a circle and let P be a point in its plane. Consider a pair of diametrically op-
posite points A and B lying on C. Prove that while points A and B vary on the circumference
of C, the circumcircles of triangles ABP pass through another fixed point.
19. Find the point P inside the triangle ABC for which

BC CA AB
+ +
PD PE PF
is minimal, where P D, P E, P F are the perpendiculars from P to BC, CA, AB respectively.
20. In triangle ABC, let D and E be the intersections of the bisectors of 6 ABC and 6 ACB with
the sides AC, AB, respectively. Determine the angles of triangle ABC if 6 BDE = 24◦ and
6 CED = 18◦ .

21. Let ABC be an acute triangle. Points D, E, and F lie on segments BC, CA, and AB,
respectively, and each of the three segments AD, BE, and CF contains the circumcenter of
BD CE AF BF AE CD
ABC. Prove that if any two of the ratios , , , , , are integers, then
DC EA F B F A EC DB
triangle ABC is isosceles.

22. Let M be any point in the interior of triangle ABC and let D, E and F be points on the
perimeter such that AD, BE and CF are concurrent at M . Show that if triangles BM D,
CM E and AM F all have equal areas and equal perimeters then triangle ABC is equilateral.
23. In acute-angled triangle ABC with AB > AC, the point D is the foot of the perpendicular
from A to BC, the points E and F are the midpoints of AD and BC, respectively, and G
is the foot of the perpendicular from B to AF . Prove that EF is the tangent at F to the
circle GF C.
24. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. The line through D parallel to BC meets CA at P , AB at
Q and the circle again at R. The line through D parallel to AB meets CA at S, BC at T
and the circle again at U . Prove that if P Q = QR then ST = T U .

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25. Let ABC be a triangle and L a line through C parallel to the side AB. Let the internal
bisector of the angle at A meet the side BC at D and the line L at E and let the internal
bisector of the angle at B meet the side AC at F and the line L at G. If GF = DE, prove
that AC = BC.
26. Let ABCDEF be a convex hexagon such that AB = BC, CD = DE and EF = F A. Prove
that
BC DE FA 3
+ + ≥ .
BE DA F C 2
27. Let D be an internal point on the side BC of a triangle ABC. The line AD meets the
circumcircle of ABC again at X. Let P and Q be the feet of the perpendiculars from X to
AB and AC, respectively, and let γ be the circle with diameter XD. Prove that the line P Q
is tangent to γ if and only if AB = AC.
28. Let ABC be a triangle with centroid G. Determine, with proof, the position of the point P
in the plane of ABC such that

AP.AG + BP.BG + CP.CG

is a minimum, and express this minimum value in terms of the side lengths of ABC.
29. In triangle ABC, the point D is on the line BC such that 4BD = DC. The line AD meets
the circumcircle of ABC again at E. The point F is the midpoint of CE. Given that
6 EAF = 45◦ find the angles of triangle ABC.

30. In triangle ABC, the point L is the midpoint of BC and BE is the altitude from B to CA.
CA
Given that 6 BAL = 45◦ find the minimum value of and the magnitude of 6 BAC in a
BE
triangle for which the minimum is attained.
31. Let ABC be a triangle and let P be a point inside it such that 6 P AC = 6 P BC. The
perpendiculars from P to BC and CA meet these lines at L and M , respectively and D is
the midpoint of AB. Prove that DL = DM .
32. Show that if the sides a, b, c of a triangle satisfy the equation

2(ab2 + bc2 + ca2 ) = a2 b + b2 c + c2 a + 3abc,

then the triangle is equilateral. Show also that the equation can be satisfied by positive real
numbers that are not the sides of a triangle.
33. Given a triangle ABC. Point M is the mid-point of side BC, and point P is the projection
of B to the perpendicular bisector of segment AC. Line P M meets AB in point Q. Prove
that the triangle QP B is isosceles.
34. Let D be an arbitrary point on side AC of triangle ABC. The tangent at D to the circumcircle
of triangle BDC meets AB at C1 . The tangent at D to the circumcircle of triangle ADB
meets BC at A1 . Prove that A1 C1 is parallel to AC.
35. On the sides AB and AC of triangle ABC two points K and L are given such that
KB LC
+ = 1.
AK AL
Prove that KL passes through the centroid of ABC.

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36. In an acute-angled triangle ABC, AM is the median on BC, AL is the internal angle bisector
of 6 BAC and AH is the altitude (H lies between L and B). It is known that M L = LH =
HB. Find the ratios of the sidelengths of ABC.
37. Given a rectangle ABCD. Two perpendicular lines pass through point B. One of them
meets the segment AD at point K, and the second one meets the extension of side CD at
point L. Let F be the point of intersection of KL and AC. Prove that BF ⊥ KL.
38. Points K, L, M and N lying on the sides AB, BC, CD, and DA of a square ABCD are
vertices of another square. Lines DK and N M meet at point E, and lines KC and LM meet
at point F . Prove that EF is parallel to AB.

39. A square ABCD is inscribed in a circle. Point M lies on the arc BC, AM meets BD in
point P , DM meets AC in point Q. Prove that the area of the quadrilateral AP QD is equal
to half of the area of the square.
40. Let AB be the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle ABC. Let M be the midpoint of AB
and O be the centre of circumcircle ω of triangle CM B. Line AC meets ω for the second
time in point K. Segment KO meets the circumcircle of triangle ABC in the point L. Prove
that the segments AL and KM meet on the circumcircle of triangle ACM .
41. A quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in a circle with centre O. Points P and Q are opposite
C and D, respectively. Two tangents drawn to the circle at these points meet the line AB
at points E and F (A is between E and B, B is between A and F ) respectively. The line
EO meets AC and BC at points X and Y respectively, and the line F O meets AD and BD
at points U and V , respectively. Prove that XV = Y U .
42. Let O be the center of the circumcircle ω of an acute-angle triangle ABC. A circle ω1 with
center K passes through A, O, C and intersects AB at M and BC at N . Point L is symmetric
to K with respect to line N M . Prove that BL ⊥ AC.

43. A point K is taken inside parallelogram ABCD so that the midpoint of AD is equidistant
from K and C, and the midpoint of CD is equidistant form K and A. Let N be the midpoint
of BK. Prove that the angles N AK and N CK are equal.
44. Let E be a point on the median CD of a triangle ABC. The circle S1 passing through E
and touching AB at A meets the side AC again at M . The circle S2 passing through E
and touching AB at B meets the side BC at N . Prove that the circumcircle of 4CM N is
tangent to both S1 and S2 .
45. In an acute scalene triangle ABC the bisector of the acute angle between the altitudes AA1
and CC1 meets the sides AB and BC at P and Q respectively. The bisector of the angle B
intersects the segment joining the orthocenter of ABC and the midpoint of AC at point R.
Prove that P , B, Q, R lie on a circle.
46. Two circles are internally tangent at N . The chords BA and BC of the larger circle are
tangent to the smaller circle at K and M respectively. Q and P are midpoint of arcs AB
and BC respectively. Circumcircles of triangles BQK and BP M are intersect at L. Show
that BP LQ is a parallelogram.

47. A quadrilateral ABCD is circumscribed about a circle ω. The lines AB and CD meet at
O. A circle ω1 is tangent to side BC at K and to the extensions of sides AB and CD, and
a circle ω2 is tangent to side AD at L and to the extensions of sides AB and CD. Suppose
that points O, K, L lie on a line. Prove that the midpoints of BC and AD and the center
of ω also lie on a line.

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48. Let N be a point on the longest side AC of a triangle ABC. The perpendicular bisectors of
AN and N C intersect AB and BC respectively in K and M . Prove that the circumcenter
O of 4ABC lies on the circumcircle of triangle KBM .
49. Points A1 , B1 , C1 inside an acute-angled triangle ABC are selected on the altitudes from
A, B, C respectively so that the sum of the areas of triangles ABC1 , BCA1 , and CAB1 is
equal to the area of triangle ABC. Prove that the circumcircle of triangle A1 B1 C1 passes
through the orthocenter H of triangle ABC.
50. Let the circle ω1 be internally tangent to another circle ω2 at N .Take a point K on ω1 and
draw a tangent AB which intersects ω2 at A and B. Let M be the midpoint of the arc AB
which is on the opposite side of N . Prove that, the circumradius of the 4KBM doesnt
depend on the choice of K.
51. Point A lies on one ray and points B, C lie on the other ray of an angle with the vertex at O
such that B lies between O and C. Let O1 be the incenter of 4OAB and O2 be the center of
the excircle of 4OAC touching side AC. Prove that if O1 A = O2 A, then the triangle ABC
is isosceles.
52. Let O be the circumcenter of a triangle ABC. Points M and N are chosen on the sides AB
and BC respectively so that the angle AOC is two times greater than angle MON. Prove that
the perimeter of triangle MBN is not less than the length of side AC
53. A quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in a circle ω. The tangent to ω at A intersects the ray
CB at K, and the tangent to ω at B intersects the ray DA at M . Prove that if AM = AD
and BK = BC, then ABCD is a trapezoid.
54. Let B and C be arbitrary points on sides AP and P D respectively of an acute triangle AP D.
The diagonals of the quadrilateral ABCD meet at Q, and H1 , H2 are the orthocenters of
triangles AP D and BP C, respectively. Prove that if the line H1 H2 passes through the
intersection point X (X 6= Q) of the circumcircles of triangles ABQ and CDQ, then it also
passes through the intersection point Y (Y 6= Q) of the circumcircles of triangles BCQ and
ADQ.
55. The diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD meet at O. Let S1 , S2 be the circumcircles of
triangles ABO and CDO respectively, and O, K their intersection points. The lines through
O parallel to AB and CD meet S1 and S2 again at L and M , respectively. Points P and
Q on segments OL and OM respectively are taken such that OP : P L = M Q : QO. Prove
that O, K, P, Q lie on a circle.
56. In a triangle ABC, O is the circumcenter and I the incenter. The excircle ωa touches rays
AB, AC and side BC at K, M, N , respectively. Prove that if the midpoint P of KM lies on
the circumcircle of 4ABC, then points O, N, I lie on a line.
57. Let O be the circumcenter of an acute-angled triangle ABC, let T be the circumcenter of
the triangle AOC, and let M be the midpoint of the segment AC. We take a point D on the
side AB and a point E on the side BC that satisfy 6 BDM = 6 BEM = 6 ABC. Show that
the straight lines BT and DE are perpendicular.
58. Given is an acute triangle ABC. Its heights BB1 and CC1 are extended past points B1 and
C1 . On these extensions, points P and Q are chosen, such that angle P AQ is right. Let AF
be a height of triangle AP Q. Prove that angle BF C is a right angle.
59. On side BC of parallelogram ABCD (A is acute) lies point T so that triangle AT D is an
acute triangle. Let O1 , O2 , and O3 be the circumcenters of triangles ABT , DAT , and CDT
respectively. Prove that the orthocenter of triangle O1 O2 O3 lies on line AD.

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60. Let N be the midpoint of arc ABC of the circumcircle of triangle ABC, let M be the
midpoint of AC and let I1 , I2 be the incentres of triangles ABM and CBM . Prove that
points I1 , I2 , B, N lie on a circle.
61. Consider the parallelogram ABCD with obtuse angle A. Let H be the feet of perpendicular
from A to the side BC. The median from C in triangle ABC meets the circumcircle of
triangle ABC at the point K. Prove that points K, H, C, D lie on the same circle.
62. The points A1 , B1 , C1 lie on the sides sides BC, AC and AB of the triangle ABC respectively.
Suppose that AB1 − AC1 = CA1 − CB1 = BC1 − BA1 . Let IA , IB , IC be the incentres of
triangles AB1 C1 , A1 BC1 and A1 B1 C respectively. Prove that the circumcentre of triangle
IA IB IC is the incentre of triangle ABC.
63. The inscribed circle ω of the non-isosceles acute-angled triangle ABC touches the side BC
at the point D. Suppose that I and O are the centres of inscribed circle and circumcircle of
triangle ABC respectively. The circumcircle of triangle ADI intersects AO at the points A
and E. Prove that AE is equal to the radius r of ω.
64. The point E is the midpoint of the segment connecting the orthocentre of the scalene triangle
ABC and the point A. The incircle of triangle ABC incircle is tangent to AB and AC at
points C 0 and B 0 respectively. Prove that point F , the point symmetric to point E with
respect to line B 0 C 0 , lies on the line that passes through both the circumcentre and the
incentre of triangle ABC.
65. The points A1 , B1 , C1 lie on the sides BC, CA and AB of the triangle ABC respectively.
Suppose that AB1 − AC1 = CA1 − CB1 = BC1 − BA1 . Let OA , OB and OC be the
circumcentres of triangles AB1 C1 , A1 BC1 and A1 B1 C respectively. Prove that the incentre
of triangle OA OB OC is the incentre of triangle ABC too.
66. Acute-angled triangle ABC is inscribed into circle Ω. Lines tangent to Ω at B and C intersect
at P . Points D and E are on AB and AC such that P D and P E are perpendicular to AB
and AC respectively. Prove that the orthocentre of triangle ADE is the midpoint of BC.
67. Squares CAKL and CBM N are constructed on the sides of acute-angled triangle ABC,
outside of the triangle. Line CN intersects line segment AK at X, while line CL intersects line
segment BM at Y . Point P , lying inside triangle ABC, is an intersection of the circumcircles
of triangles KXN and LY M . Point S is the midpoint of AB. Prove that angle 6 ACS =
6 BCP .

68. Inside the inscribed quadrilateral ABCD are marked points P and Q, such that 6 P DC +
6 P CB, 6 P AB + 6 P BC, 6 QCD + 6 QDA and 6 QBA + 6 QAD are all equal to 90◦ . Prove
that the line P Q has equal angles with lines AD and BC.
69. The incircle of triangle ABC has centre I and touches the sides BC, CA, AB at points A1 ,
B1 , C1 , respectively. Let Ia , Ib , Ic be excentres of triangle ABC, touching the sides BC, CA,
AB respectively. The segments Ia B1 and Ib A1 intersect at C2 . Similarly, segments Ib C1 and
Ic B1 intersect at A2 , and the segments Ic A1 and Ia C1 at B2 . Prove that I is the center of
the circumcircle of the triangle A2 B2 C2 .
70. Let ω be the incircle of the triangle ABC and with centre I. Let Γ be the circumcircle of
the triangle AIB. Circles ω and Γ intersect at the point X and Y . Let Z be the intersection
of the common tangents of the circles ω and Γ. Show that the circumcircle of the triangle
XY Z is tangent to the circumcircle of the triangle ABC.
71. Let M be the midpoint of the side AC of acute-angled triangle ABC with AB > BC. Let Ω
be the circumcircle of ABC. The tangents to Ω at the points A and C meet at P , and BP

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 and AC intersect at S. Let AD be the altitude of the triangle ABP and ω the circumcircle
of the triangle CSD. Suppose ω and Ω intersect at K 6= C. Prove that 6 CKM = 90◦ .
72. Let ABCD be a trapezoid with AB k CD and Ω is a circle passing through A, B, C, D. Let
ω be the circle passing through C, D and intersecting with CA, CB at A1 , B1 respectively.
A2 and B2 are the points symmetric to A1 and B1 respectively, with respect to the midpoints
of CA and CB. Prove that the points A, B, A2 , B2 are concyclic.
73. Given a triangle ABC with AB > BC, let Ω be the circumcircle. Let M , N lie on the sides
AB, BC respectively, such that AM = CN . Let K be the intersection of M N and AC. Let
P be the incentre of the triangle AM K and Q be the K-excentre of the triangle CN K. If R
is midpoint of the arc ABC of Ω then prove that RP = RQ.

74. Let M be the midpoint of the side AC of 4ABC. Let P ∈ AM and Q ∈ CM be such
that P Q = AC
2 . Let (ABQ) intersect with BC at X 6= B and (BCP ) intersect with BA at
Y 6= B. Prove that the quadrilateral BXM Y is cyclic.
75. Given is a parallelogram ABCD, with AB < AC < BC. Points E and F are selected on the
circumcircle ω of ABC so that the tangenst to ω at these points pass through point D and
the segments AD and CE intersect. It turned out that 6 ABF = 6 DCE. Find the angle
6 ABC.

76. In an acute-angled and not isosceles triangle ABC, we draw the median AM and the height
AH. Points Q and P are marked on the lines AB and AC, respectively, so that the QM ⊥ AC
and P M ⊥ AB. The circumcircle of P M Q intersects the line BC for second time at point
X. Prove that BH = CX.
77. A scalene triangle ABC is inscribed within circle ω. The tangent to the circle at point C
intersects line AB at point D. Let I be the center of the circle inscribed within 4ABC.
Lines AI and BI intersect the bisector of 6 CDB in points Q and P , respectively. Let M be
the midpoint of QP . Prove that M I passes through the middle of arc ACB of circle ω.

78. Diagonals AC, BD of cyclic quadrilateral ABCD intersect at P .Point Q is onBC (betweenB
and C) such that P Q ⊥ AC.Prove that the line passes through the circumcenters of triangles
AP D and BQD is parallel to AD.
79. Given a convex quadrilateral ABCD. We denote IA , IB , IC and ID centers of ωA , ωB , ωC and
ωD ,inscribed In the triangles DAB, ABC, BCD and CDA, respectively.It turned out that
6 BIA A + 6 IC IA ID = 180◦ . Prove that 6 BIB A + 6 IC IB ID = 180◦ .

80. Circle ω is tangent to sides AB, AC of triangle ABC. A circle Ω touches the side AC and
line AB (produced beyond B), and touches ω at a point L on side BC. Line AL meets ω, Ω
again at K, M . It turned out that KB k CM . Prove that 4LCM is isosceles.

81. Let 4ABC be an acute-angled triangle with AB < AC. Let M and N be the midpoints of
AB and AC, respectively; let AD be an altitude in this triangle. A point K is chosen on
the segment M N so that BK = CK. The ray KD meets the circumcircle Ω of ABC at Q.
Prove that C, N, K, Q are concyclic.

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