Design and implementation of walkie talkie sets

Abstract:
When by a catastrophic disaster, the efficiency of catastrophe response operation is very critical
to life saving. However, verbal exchange systems, including cellular networks, commonly crashed due
to various causes making the coordination among a giant variety of
disorganized catastrophe response people extremely difficult. Unfortunately, speedy deployment of many
existing emergency conversation systems depends on a good transportation system, which
is usually not available in a catastrophic disaster. For such kind of situation , We had proposed a
emergency walkie-talkie communication and information system . The walkie-talkie is
a transportable radio that will communicate wirelessly on a single,
shared frequency band. Every frequency that will be use is should do no longer overlap with
the other frequency because favor to keep away from from the distortion. The walkie-talkie is
using the transmitter and the receiver circuit that powered up by the battery. There
are the issue that will whole one set of walkie-talkie such as a microphone,
speaker and a push to speak button that will make the person can talk and hear
the voice. Furthermore, with the improve of the technological know-how presently there are
respected to graph or put in force the new system that can make the consumer can use it in
a easy way.
LITERATURE REVIEW
While making this project, there are some studied and research had been carried out to
complete this report. The statistics was received by using many sources such as books,
articles, journals, and internet. All the data that been collected is very useful
as a information in doing this project. The amassing data is based on the previous associated study.
Description:
Design and implement simple walki talki sets and put in force using any on hand resource in market like
capacitors, resistors and transistor.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
1. 9V / 500mAh Battery
2. RF Antenna
3. 12 Ohm Speaker
4. 1uF Capacitor
5. 2.2uF Capacitor
6. 10pF Capacitor
7. 0.1uF Capacitor
8. Mixer IC SA612AN
9. Electret Microphone
10. Op Amp NE5534
11. Op Amp LM386
12. 1k Ohm Resistor
13. 100k Ohm Resistor
14. 75k Ohm Resistor
15. 50k Ohm Resistor
16. Crystal Oscillator 8MHz ABM3B

Proteous :
Working Explanation:
The above Walkie Talkie circuit sketch can be divided into five distinct parts. The Audio i/p , Audio
output, RF input , RF output and Mixer.

TRANSMITTER SECTION:
AUDIO INPUT:
This is the first section of this project. This part of the circuit takes audio input from the user.
The Microphone MIC translate the sound from person to electrical signals. The
audio input signal from Microphone is too susceptible to use consequently we have used an
audio amplifier using Op amp LM386. If you have regarded LM386 this chip is committed for
amplifying Audio signals. The amplified output from LM386 goes via coupling capacitor C5.
This will get rid of DC factors from the amplified sign and only permits AC components in the
signal. The signal then goes to a Push Button ( DPDT kind ). We will come to this button shortly.

MIXER:

The amplified signal from LM386 Audio amplifier goes to Mixer IC SA612AN that is linked to
8Mhz crystal Oscillator. The motive of mixer right here is that it modulates the amplified
audio sign with respect to 8Mhz service sign so it
can journey as greater frequency signal through the air.
RF OUTPUT:
Now the modulated signal goes to the RF output section. And before radiating the sign by means
of antenna it goes to a RF amplifier constructed round IC NE5537. This OpAmp NE5537 has
a greater bandwidth frequency response making it suitable to increase for sign to be transmitted
as RF signal.
The above three sections of the circuit varieties the transmitter section of our Walkie talkie
project. Here voice sign from consumer is being amplified by way of Audio amplifier,
modulated through Mixer and then amplified through RF amplifier and transmitted
to environment by Antenna.

RECEIVER SECTION:

To get hold of a signal this Walkie Talkie challenge uses identical Antenna ANT1 which is used
to transmit the voice alerts . The received audio signal from the Antenna goes to RF input area of
the circuit.

RF INPUT:
Once the transmitted sign is in it goes through an NE5534 based totally amplifier to increase the
signal. Any sign subjected to transmission looses its electricity and have to be amplified in the
receiver end and that’s that cause of this NE5534 amplifier. Once the sign is boosted up it goes
to the equal mixer the place the audio enter from transmitter section goes for modulation.
Only difference is that now the signal goes for demodulation to the mixer.

MIXER:

Signal from the RF input part is intended for demodulation. The purpose of demodulation here is
to return the signal to authentic audio frequency so consumer can pay
attention and apprehend the message. But the Mixer IC SA612AN doesn’t intended for
demodulating signals, it can only combine the incoming sign with 8Mhz
Carrier sign generated the usage of crystal oscillator. So you would possibly ask how does the
demodulation happens to attain the original audio or speech sign ? Simple all mixer does
is constantly mixing the input signal with a 8Mhz sign when you mix a low frequency sign with
a high frequency you have the signal modulated at greater frequency but when
you combine two alerts with similar frequencies the indicators will be split.

RF OUTPUT:
The signal from the mixer contains low frequency
Audio sign and high frequency carrier sign however with double of its frequency.
This signal will further exceeded to an output stage amplifier constructed using LM386. As we
all knew Audio amplifier will extend only the signal that lies within the audio or speech
frequency and discards greater frequency signals. This eliminates
the high frequency service aspect in the signal. The audio sign on
the other hand receives amplified and despatched to speaker connected in the output of LM386.
Thus we can hear to the message that sender is transmitting from different Walkie Talkie device.
This ends the receiver section of this Walkie Talkie project. The receiver area involves of
Antenna ( the identical one used for transmitting voice signals ),
RF enter part to extend incoming voice signal and Mixer to demodulate
the sign and finally output stage amplifier to filter and amplify voice signal and then direct it to
the speaker for listening to transmitted voice signal.

Application of Walkie-Talkie
There are many walkie-talkies at present at the market and there additionally has much
different characteristic examine to every other. By this project, we will use more simple
way to develop and put in force new walkie-talkie to make it secure to use and handy to
handle.
The improvement of this machine will make person friendly with it and greater safety while
use it. This gadget also use the receiver and transmitter however we trade the the use of of
frequency via using one channel only.
There is some lookup from the preceding venture that are using walkie-talkie and
implement from it.