2004 IEEE PES Power Systems

Conference & Exposition

New Solutions for New Challenges

TECHNICAL PROGRAM

Hosted by: 1
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 Monday, October 11
POSTER-A Policy Development (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 14:00 - 16:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Chair: Jerry Heydt, Arizona State University
POSTER-A.1 Benefit Evaluation of Cogeneration Based on Avoided Costs of Power Generation and
Transmission
Yi-Hseih Huang, Taiwan Power Company; Sheng-Nian Yeh, National Taiwan University of
Science and Technology
Based on avoided generation costs, this paper presents an assessment function to calculate a reasonable
selling price for electricity generated by a cogeneration system connected to the electric grid. Unlike the
profit functions appearing in the literature, the proposed evaluation scheme is developed from the point of
view of a power system, including line losses and power flows on the transmission lines according to seven
time-segments in summer and non-summer seasons. Examples of real primary substation system and extra
high voltage system of Taiwan Power Company are given to show the correctness and practicality of the
proposed assessment scheme.
POSTER-A.2 System Innovation for Solving Power Quality Problems Based on Environmental
Economic
Chengyong Zhao, Xia Zhao, Xiufang Jia, North China Electric Power University
From an environmental economical perspective, environmental pollution and power quality problems are
both due to externalism of their emission and it is important to use environmental economics to solve PQ
problems. To solve the PQ problem, realize the internalization of the externalism of emission, the key is
to establish a series of new economic assessing system about PQ. Meanwhile, in order to realize the new
economic assessing system, a series of innovation of new administer system about PQ, such as the third
isolated PQ corporation to take charge of the supervisal of PQ problem, liberal trade of customerʼs emission
right, green price system, etc. must be established.
POSTER-A.3 Electricity Spot Price Model and Feasibility of Generation Expansion in Brazil
Ajax Moreira, IPEA; Pedro David, FURNAS Centrais Eletricas; Katia Rocha, IPEA
The self-financed expansion of the power generation capacity is, perhaps, the most controversial and critical
aspect of the open energy markets. On one hand, the power generation utilitiesʼ revenue shall be enough to
make the investments in power generation feasible and attractive and, but, on the other hand, electricity,
shall have the least cost to consumers. This paper reports a study on the conditions of the Brazilian electrical
energy market model to comply with these conflicting objectives. We argue that the existing spot price
model is inadequate, since it neither induces nor supports investments for the expansion of power generation
capacity, and we propose corrections to the existing model.
POSTER-A.4 An Assessment of the Restructuring Efforts and a Proposed New Model for the United
Statesʼ Electric Bulk Power System
Jeffrey T. Hein, Western Area Power Administration; P. K. Sen, Colorado School of Mines
This paper is the outcome of a technical assessment of the current deregulation and restructuring efforts within
the United Statesʼ electric utility industry. Ongoing issues and problems exist. Hence, regional and political
debates are delaying the determination of how the restructured industry should operate, thereby putting its
viability and reliability at risk. This paper reviews the state of the environment required for an electric bulk
power system (BPS) to operate successfully, and a model for the BPS which meets these requirements. It
presents a new model for restructuring the bulk power system to meet the demands of its consumers while
addressing present-day deregulation and industry restructuring issues. This proposed restructuring model,
or architecture, will ensure cost-effective, reliable electricity for consumers throughout the nation, thus
improving our societyʼs security and way of life.

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 Monday, October 11
POSTER-A Power System Relaying (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 14:00 - 16:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Chair: Philip Winston, Georgia Power Company
POSTER-A.5 Applications of Fuzzy-Logic-Wavelet-Based Techniques for Transformers Inrush
Currents Identification and Power Systems Faults Classification
Omar Youssef, Suez Canal University
The advent of wavelet transforms (WTs) and fuzzy-inference mechanisms(FIMs) with the ability of the first
to focus on system transients using short data windows and of the second to map complex and non-linear
power system configurations provide an excellent tool for high speed digital relaying. This paper presents
a new approach to real-time fault classification in power transmission systems, and identification of power
transformers magnetising inrush currents using fuzzy-logic-based multi-criteria approach [1,2], with a
wavelet-based pre-processor stage [3-6]. Three inputs, which are functions of the three line currents, are
utilised to detect fault types such as LG, LL, LLG as well as magnetising inrush currents. The technique is
based on utilising the low-frequency components generated during fault conditions on the power system and/
or magnetising inrush currents. These components are extracted using an online wavelet-based pre-processor
stage with data window of 16 samples (based on 1.0 kHz sampling rate and 50 Hz power frequency).
Generated data from the simulation of an 330?/33? kV, step-down transformer connected to a 330 kV
model power system using EMTP software were used by the MATLAB program to test the performance
of the technique as to its speed of response, computational burden and reliability. Results are shown and
they indicate that this approach can be used as an effective tool for high-speed digital relaying, and that
computational burden is much simpler than the recently postulated fault classification.
POSTER-A.6 Applications of Fuzzy Inference Mechanisms to Power System Relaying
Omar Youssef, Suez Canal University
Most transmission line protective schemes are based on deterministic computations on a well defined model
of the system to be protected. This results in difficulty because of the complexity of the system model, the
lack of knowledge of its parameters, the great number of information to be processed, and the difficulty
in taking into consideration any system variation as the rules are fixed. The application of fuzzy logic for
exploring complex, non-linear systems, diagnosis systems and other expert systems, particularly when
there is no simple mathematical model to be performed. provides a very powerful and attractive solution
to classification problems. In this paper, a feasibility study on the application of different fuzzy reasoning
mechanisms to power system relaying algorithms is conducted. Those mechanisms are namely, Mamdaniʼs
mechanism, Larsenʼs mechanism, Takagi-Sugenoʼs mechanism, and Tsukamoto mechanism. A comparative
analysis on the application of these fuzzy inference mechanisms to a novel fault detection and phase selection
technique on EHV transmission lines is reported. The proposed scheme utilises only the phase angle between
two line currents for the decision making part of the scheme. A sample three-phase power system was
simulated using the EMTP software. An online waveletbased pre-processor stage [1-4] is used with data
window of 10 samples (based on 4.5 kHz sampling rate and 50 Hz power frequency). The performance of
the proposed model was extensively tested in each case of fuzzy inference mechanism using the MATLAB
software. The advantages and disadvantages of each mechanism are reported and compared together. Some
of the test results are included in this paper.
POSTER-A.7 Automatic Vacuum Capacitor Switch with Modified Digital Filter Design for
Enhanced Speed and Power Optimization
Harish Sundaresh, Lubna Arsheen Basha, Crescent Engineering College; P. S. Vignesh,
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras; G. Prashant, Sri Venkateswara College of
Engineering
A high-speed microprocessor based automatic vacuum capacitor switch with a modified digital filter design
using distributed arithmetic has been designed in this paper. The automation trends particularly the automatic
vacuum capacitor switch has helped ameliorate the power factor essentials and automatically triggered to
close when the line current exceeds rated value. Microprocessor relays use digital filters to extract only the
fundamental and attenuate harmonics. To provide optimum speed characteristics a distributed arithmetic
based filter design in the microprocessor controller which not only enhances filtering speed but additionally
enables lower power consumption at the cost of area has been introduced. The result is a unified description
that describes a digital filter structure down to bit level.
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POSTER-A.8 Gene Evolution Algorithm to Determine Minimum Break Point Set for Optimal
Coordination of Directional Protection Relays in Multi-Loops Networks
Quanming Yue, Weiyong Yu, Jiao Tong University; Feipeng Lu, Sichuan University
To determine directional simple loops and minimum break point set in multi-loop complex networks is the
key step during calculating and setting of direction relays protection values. In order to greatly improve the
practicability of algorithm, new concepts of protection dependency dimension and primary/backup protection
dependency set are firstly put forward in this paper. Comparing protection dependency dimensions and by
depth-first-search of protection dependency set could find out all the directional simple loops. Using the
heuristic knowledge of MBPS (Minimum break point set), the determination of MBPS is reduced to a 0—1
integer quadratic programming problem. On the basis of the principle of Gene Evolution, a new approach to
determine MBPS is presented for the fist time. Protection coordination of “T” shape lines and radiate network
can be deal with by the method. Many examples have shown that the method is very simple, effective, and
greatly reduced the complexity of problem.
POSTER-A.9 Advanced Protection Solutions for Improved Power System Dynamics Performance
Ljubomir Kojovic, Cooper Power Systems
This paper presents new, advanced protection and control system solutions for substations and differential
protection for power transformers. The proposed protection systems incorporate new current sensors and
multifunction relays.
POSTER-A.10 New Swing-Blocking Methods for Digital Distance Protection
Shengshi Zhu, Nanjing Automation Research Institute; Qun Gu, PJM, Inc.; Li Zheng,
Kansas State University
The article firstly reviewed the shortcomings in the existing swing blocking schemes of current distance
protection relays. Two new schemes, which take full advantage of the calculation ability of the digital relays,
were then proposed. The new schemes can assert a reliable blocking during power swings, while also are able
to trigger with very little delay even on faults happening during swings. The new schemes trip faults with a
minimum actual delay time depending on at what time the fault occurs and the actual swing frequency.
POSTER-A.11 Superimposed Components Based Sub-Cycle Protection of Transmission Lines
Alexander Apostolov, Damien Tholomier, Simon Richards, Areva T&D
Requirements for improvements of system stability and reduction in the effects of shunt type faults in
transmission and bulk systems on sensitive industrial loads result in the development of protection relays
with sub-cycle operating times. At the same time the relays have to be stable under wide area disturbance
conditions. The paper discusses in detail the concept of superimposed components and their application for
directional detection, faulted phase selection and power swing detection. Complex distance characteristics
can be used to provide sufficient resistive reach to cover the expected range of fault arc resistances, while at
the same time are not affected by encroachment of the load impedance in the distance characteristic. Direct
relay-to-relay communications allow the implementation of high-speed directional comparison protection.
POSTER-A.12 Analysis of Adaptive Single Phase Autoreclosing for High Voltage Transmission Lines
with Various Compensation Levels
Mark Khoroshev, TOKHO-M Company; Vitaly Faybisovich, SCE Company
High voltage transmission lines have their terminals connected to buses through circuit breakers, which
may allow single-phase operation at each side of line. These transmission lines are typically equipped
with compensating devices, for example, shunt reactors. When a single phase to ground short circuit
takes place, relay protection initiates circuit breakers at both sides of the line to open a faulted phase. Due
to the electromagnetic coupling with unfaulted phases, the secondary arc from the faulted phase to the
ground is supported for some time. The use of field test and ATP software, allows the analysis of transient
electromagnetic processes at the transmission line with various levels of compensation during single phase
autoreclosing. A developed multifactor algorithm for adaptive autoreclosing, by using measurements of
electrical quantities at the faulted line, will determine in real time mode the moment when a secondary arc is
extinguished. As a result, reclosing on existing fault is avoided, while restoration of the normal power supply
is performed with minimal time interruption.

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POSTER-A.13 Analysis of the Impact of Distributed Generation on Automatic Reclosing
Lauri Kumpulainen, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Kimmo Kauhaniemi,
University of Vaasa
Distributed generation is changing the way electricity distribution networks are designed and operated. One
of the key issues and prerequisites for having significant share of total production of distributed generation
is that the operation of system protection is not jeopardized. Automatic reclosing is very important for
the reliability of overhead networks. On the other hand, reclosing can be problematic when distributed
generation (DG) units are connected to the network. In order to find out the impact of distributed generation
on protection, dynamic simulations have been carried out. PSCAD™ transient simulation software and
advanced power system models have been applied. The simulations verify the challenges distributed
generation causes to protection, especially to high-speed reclosing.
POSTER-A.14 A New Algorithm of Improving Fault Location Based on SVM
Zhang Jin, He Renmu, North China Electric Power University
A fault location algorithm using estimated line parameters is provided in this paper. The characteristic of this
algorithm is using estimated line parameters. And the influence of the line parameters is eliminated. Support
vector machines theory is used to estimate transmission line parameters, which is a nonlinear black box
modeling problem. The historical data is used as training sample. EMTP simulation shows that this method
is improve the accuracy of fault location notability.
POSTER-A.15 Double-Circuit Line Adaptive Protection Considering Different Operation and
Switching Modes
Srdjan Skok, Sejid Tesnjak, Niksa Vrkic, University of Zagreb
This paper deals with problems connected to distance protection of double-circuit transmission lines.
Because of the zero sequence mutual coupling of parallel circuits, the relay “sees” incorrect impedance. In
this paper it was developed adaptive model which solves problems of single-line-to-ground fault on a single
line. Different operation modes change short circuit currents (Ik1 - phase-to-earth short circuit current and
Ik3 - three-phase short circuit current) on both ends. In fact parameters of the active network will be changed.
The idea was to develop adaptive model with more than one different independent Kohonen networks. Each
network is trained with short-circuit examples according to the switching mode and operation mode. Input
parameters are voltage, current, switching mode and operation mode. By information of the switching mode
and operation mode it will be activated belonging Kohonen network. The developed adaptive model was
tested on doublecircuit 400 kV transmission line.
POSTER-A.16 IEC 61850: Open Communication in Practice in Substations
Clemens Hoga, Gordon Wong, Siemens AG
Owing to the large number of protocols for substation communication, devices from different manufacturers or
of different generations can often not communicate with each other. The communication standard IEC61850
permits interoperability without the use of gateways. Through the split of application and communication
stack and through the standardized permitted extension of the supporting functions, the long-term validity of
the standard is guaranteed. This approach leads to lower investment outlay, less training effort and lower life-
cycle costs of substation automation systems. All automation functions as well as the single-line diagram of
a substation are described by means of the Substation Configuration description Language. Many migration
paths are possible to allow a substation to be gradually IEC 61850-compliant. Existing equipment may be
upgraded directly. Existing equipment may also be left intact, and an interface is established between this and
any new IEC 61850-compliant equipment which is introduced when the substation is extended.
POSTER-A.17 An Improvement on Steam Turbine Generator Trip Caused by Voltage Sag
Chia-Ching Ning, Ta-Peng Tsao, National Sun Yat-sen University
This paper attempts suggest improvements on Nan-Pu combined cycle power plant, which is located in
Kaoshiung of Taiwan. As far as transient outage of power system in southern Taiwan is concerned, the steam
turbine generator would trip but the gas turbine generator would keep running. The outages had occurred
several times since commercial synchronization; it happened as many as three times from January to June
in 2001. Consequently, we found that the settings of overcurret protection relay of excitation transformer
were improper in our investigation and through with the other plant. By modifying the relay settings, this
defect has already been corrected fully. The project not only improve working achievement, but also enhance
transient stability of overall power system in Taiwan.

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POSTER-A.18 A Novel Approach to the Distance Protection, Fault Location and Arcing Faults
Recognition
Z. M. Radojevic, University of Belgrade; Hans-Jürgen Koglin, University of Saarlandes;
Vladimir V. Terzija, ABB Calor Emag Mittelspannung
In this paper a novel two-stage numerical algorithm devoted to fault distance calculation and arcing faults
recognition is presented. The first algorithm stage serves for the fault distance calculation. Fault distance
is calculated from the fundamental frequency phase voltages and currents phasors, utilizing the positive-
and zero-sequence impedance of the line as an input parameter. The second algorithm stage serves for the
arc voltage amplitude calculation. It utilizes the fault distance obtained from the first algorithm stage and
the third harmonics of the terminal phase voltages and line currents phasors as input parameters. From the
calculated value of arc voltage amplitude it can be concluded if the fault is transient arcing fault or permanent
arcless fault. The phasors needed for algorithm development are calculated by using the Discrete Fourier
Technique. In the paper the solution for the most frequent phase-to-ground faults is given. The results of
algorithm testing through computer simulation and processing of real field data records are given.

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 Monday, October 11
POSTER-A Power System Communications (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 14:00 - 16:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Chair: Jerry Heydt, Arizona State University
POSTER-A.19 IDOLO: Multimedia Data Deployment on SCADA Systems
J. I. Escudero, J. A. Rodríguez, M. C. Romero, J. Luque, Universidad de Sevilla
IDOLO project was born with the objective of adding audiovisual information to the usually text-based
Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) used on Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems.
This is not a simple task, as SCADA systems have traditionally been based on proprietary, low transmission
speed networks, due to the special requirements that such systems impose in terms of network reliability and
timing requirements. Within this paper we describe our efforts on the design, implementation and deployment
of a networked computer system that adds multimedia information to the usually textbased SCADA/HMI
systems. IDOLO system is based on well-known hardware and software solutions, such as Ethernet networks
or MPEG codecs, resulting in a flexible and expandable system that has succesfully been deployed on a real
electrical facility.
POSTER-A.20 A Middleware Control Layer for Distributed Generation Systems
Koen Vanthournout, Geert Deconinck, Ronnie Belmans, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
The deregulation of the electricity market and the increased interest in distributed generators call for new
methods of control and data distribution. This paper describes a middleware layer that enables power
inverters to communicate and cooperate. It is responsible for interconnecting the distributed generators (plug-
and-play), coping with changing environments, distribution of status data, failure detection and coordination
of the non-active power production. A test setup with two generators is deployed to verify the described
method.
POSTER-A.21 Preliminary Case Studies on Common Information Exchanges for Power System
Management
Yoshizumi Serizawa, CRIEPI; Shigeru Satoh, Tatsuji Tanaka, TM T&D; Atsushi Oikawa,
Hokkaido Electric Power Company; Kazuhiko Miyazaki, Kansai Electric Power Company;
Atsushi Izena, Kyushu Electric Power Company
This paper discusses the applicability of common information exchanges based on IEC standards as well
as conventional and state-of-the-art methodologies for power system management, and clarifies necessary
improvements for the information exchange process as case studies. A SCADA and telecontrol system
requires an integrated information model with device, system configuration and information exchange model
components. A Special Protection System can easily determine power system stability or system separation
by utilizing an abridged substation model as topology information. Remote operation and maintenance of
protective relays can be also simplified by employing standardized information exchanges.
POSTER-A.22 Communication System for Intelligent Residential Electrical Installations
Adrian Dusa, Geert Deconinck, Ronnie Belmans, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
The liberalization of the energy market is opening numerous novel opportunities to the domestic consumer
(e.g. quick reaction to energy price changes). Technological support is needed to ensure that changes do
not remain rather theoretical. In the following, we propose a categorization of electrical devices and an ICT
solution for the communication in the new intelligent electrical residential installations.

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 Monday, October 11
POSTER-A Transmission and Distribution A (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 14:00 - 16:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Chair: Mack Grady, University of Texas at Austin
POSTER-A.23 A Distributed Static Series Compensator System for Realizing Active Power Flow
Control on Existing Power Lines
Deepak M. Divan, William E. Brumsickle, Robert S. Schneider, W. Kranz, Randal
Gascoigne, SoftSwitching Technologies; Dale T. Bradshaw, Michael R. Ingram, Ian S.
Grant, Tennessee Valley Authority
Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices can control power flow in the transmission system to
improve asset utilization, relieve congestion, and limit loop flows. High costs and reliability concerns have
restricted their use in these applications. The concept of distributed FACTS (D-FACTS) is introduced as
a way to remove these barriers. A new device, the distributed static series compensator (DSSC), attaches
directly to existing HV or EHV conductors and so does not require HV insulation. It can be manufactured
at low cost from conventional industrial-grade components. The DSSC modules are distributed, a few per
conductor mile, to achieve the desired power flow control functionality by effectively changing the line
reactance. Experimental results from a prototype module are presented, along with examples of the benefits
deriving from a system of DSSC devices.
POSTER-A.24 Frequency Estimation of Low-Voltage Distribution Systems in Transient Processes
J. Long, Guangxi University
A fast algorithm for tracking the frequency of low-voltage distribution systems in transient processes is
presented in this paper. A RC circuit is taken into consideration, and the current signal of transient process
in the RC circuit is used to estimate the frequency of distribution systems. The transient current signal is
proposed to be a sinusoidal signal with an additional decreasing magnitude in the form of exponential
functions. Employing central numerical differentiation of 7 sampling points and Lagrange interpolation, the
frequency of low-voltage distribution systems in transient process is estimated at an accuracy of 99.99% in
half cycle. The simulation results of an example show better dynamic features of the proposed algorithm, the
simulation is carried out in Matlab software and a digital control system.
POSTER-A.25 HVDC Supplementary Controller Based on Synchronized Phasor Measurement
Units
Ying Huang, Zheng Xu, Zhejiang University
The fast response characteristics of HVDC system can be used efficiently to damp inter-area low frequency
oscillation without additional equipments. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) based on Global Positioning
System (GPS) is new measurement equipment with high accuracy. It can obtain the phasors of bus voltages,
especially the voltage phase angles, so it is possible to utilize PMU to improve control effect. In this paper, a
novel HVDC supplementary controller based on PMU is proposed. The input signal of this controller is the
voltage phase angle difference between two areas, which can reflect the inter-area low frequency oscillation
characteristics effectively. Small signal stability and transient stability of a two-area, four-machine AC/DC
test system are studied. The analysis results show that the proposed controller is capable of damping the
systemʼs low frequency oscillation and enhancing the AC systemʼs transfer capability over a wide range of
operating conditions.

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POSTER-A.26 SSRDamping Study on a Generator Connected to TCSC
Fan Zhang, Zheng Xu, Zhejiang University
The complex torque coefficient approach realized by time domain simulation – the Test Signal Method
was adopted in this paper to study the SSR damping characteristics with TCSC. The study system was
modified from the first IEEE SSR benchmark model by changing a part of the fixed series capacitor to
TCSC. Three different control methodologies were checked, namely: constant current, constant power, and
power oscillation damping control. The control models and their principles were also described. Frequency
scanning in the subsynchronous frequency range was performed to calculate the subsynchronous electrical
damping characteristics of the unit. Impacts of both the parameter settings for the controllers and the thyristor
conducting angles of the TCSC on the electrical damping are studied, and results were analyzed in detail. The
results show that TCSC greatly reduces the electrical negative damping around the resonant point compared
with the fixed capacitor compensation for the three studied control methodologies. It also shows that the
conducting angle of the thyristor has a great influence on the damping of the TCSC, the larger the conducting
angle, the greater the TCSC reduces the electrical negative damping around the resonant point.
POSTER-A.27 Shunt-Connected Dynamic Voltage Restorer with Decoupling Inductors
Ondrej Viktorin, Johan Driesen, Ronnie Belmans, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
This paper deals with the design and analysis of dynamic voltage restorers (DVR) based on shunt-connected
inverters and grid decoupling reactors. The primary task of these devices is to keep the voltage level
sufficiently high during voltage dips and outages. A shunt-connected, four-wire capacitor midpoint type
converter topology acting as a voltage source is considered. In order to limit the currents of two parallel
voltage sources with different voltage shape, the AC grid is decoupled by an additional line inductor. The
proposed topologies and driving algorithms of the DVR are verified by simulations in an advanced software
package, namely PSCAD/EMTDC.
POSTER-A.28 A Study of Autonomous Operation of Home Power Supply Network Using Fuel Cell
and Electric Double Layer Capacitor
Toshihiko Ichimura, Kogakuin University; Shingo Sukemori, Tokyo Denki University;
Ichiro Takano, Kogakuin University; Hisao Nishikawa, Tokyo Denki University; Yoshio
Sawada, Kogakuin University
In this paper, a home power supply system for collective houses consisting of fuel cell (FC) network and
electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is proposed. EDLC is required to operate the whole system in
autonomous mode. The FCs for the collective houses are linked together. The network linking of the fuel
cells contributes to get higher reliability of the system, and to reduce the capacity of inverter and EDLC by
smoothing pulsive and intermittent loads. Load patterns including pulsive intermittent loads were modeled
for simulations based on an actually measured data. The feasibility of this concept was confirmed by
simulations using software MATLAB/Simulink.
POSTER-A.29 Thermal and Electrical Properties of Brittleness Improved Epoxy for High Voltage
Kyoung Yong Lee, Kwan Woo Lee, Yong Sung Choi, Dae Hee Park, WonKwang
University
Elastic factor of elastic epoxy was investigated by TMA (Thermomechanical Analysis) and DMTA (Dynamic
Mechanical Thermal Analysis) as toughness investigation to improve brittleness of existing epoxy resin. A
range of measurement temperature of the TMA and DMTA was changed from -20 ? to 200 ?. When modifier
was the rate of 0 phr, 20 phr, and 35 phr, Tg (glass transition temperature) of elastic epoxy was measured
by thermal analysis devices. Also it was investigated thermal expansion coefficient (a), Modulus, and Tand
(loss factor). As thermal analysis results, 20 phr was more excellent than different specimens thermally and
mechanically. Also we measured permittivity and Tand for investigation with electrical properties of elastic
epoxy. The specimens were used 0 phr, 35 phr, and 70 phr. Permittivity and Tand have dependency on
modifier content. As electrical analysis results, the most excellent specimen was 35 phr.

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POSTER-A.30 Using a STATCOM to Retire Urban Generation
Eric M. John, ABB, Inc.; Arastou Oskoui, Austin Energy; Ake Petersson, ABB Utilities
AB
Austin Energy is a municipally owned electric utility located in Austin, Texas and is a part of the Electric
Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). Austin Energyʼs Ten Year Energy Resource Plan calls for the Holly
Power Plant to be retired by December 31, 2007. The Holly Plant is being retired due to its age and reduced
use, the availability of more cost effective internal generation now under construction at the Sand Hill Energy
Center, the availability of excess generation in Texas, and the plantʼs less than desirable location next to a
residential neighborhood. The power plant has been kept in operation largely to provide voltage support
in case of a contingency that causes a depression in system voltage, also known as Reliability Must Run
generation (RMR). Austin Energy searched for an innovative FACTS solution to meet both reliability and
environmental requirements and selected a STATCOM solution to provide the dynamic voltage support that
the power plant had provided in the past.
POSTER-A.31 Power Flow Control in Facts
K. Baskaran, N. Satheesh, Government College of Technology
The power flow control-using Hybrid technique focuses on developing an approach to steady state power
flow control of Flexible AC Transmission Systems device equipped power system. In this paper unified power
flow controller is used as a phase shifter and series compensator to regulate both angles and magnitude of
branch voltages. Hybrid technique is a combination of Evolutionary Programming and Sequential Quadratic
Programming. The Hybrid technique is developed in such a way that evolutionary programming is applied as
a base level search, which can give a good direction to the optimal global region, and a local search sequential
quadratic programming is used as a fine tuning to determine the optimal solution at the final. The algorithm
is illustrated by using modified IEEE 30 bus system.
POSTER-A.32 Investigation of Incipient Conditions Leading to the Failure of Distribution System
Apparatus
Carl L. Benner, B. Don Russell, Texas A&M University
Electric power distribution circuits are complex systems. Each circuit consists of the interconnection of
literally thousands of discrete components. Each member of the body (i.e., insulators, arrestors, switches,
transformers, etc.) must function properly for the body to be healthy as a whole. A broken finger, or in
this case, a broken insulator, causes great pain and suffering and affects the whole body. Work at Texas
A&M University (TAMU) seeks to better understand the failure processes and mechanisms of distribution
system equipment, with the ultimate goal of improving overall health and performance. TAMU researchers
have instrumented dozens of distribution circuits as part of a long-term effort, with the intent of building a
comprehensive database of high-quality measurements that represent distribution system behavior before,
during, and after the failure of various components. To date, this effort has yielded a significant number of
such measurements.

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POSTER-A.33 Meshed Vs. Radial MV Distribution Network in Presence of Large Amount of DG
Gianni Celli, Fabrizio Pilo, Giuditta Pisano, University of Cagliari; Vittorio Allegranza,
Rocco Cicoria, Adriano Iaria, CESI
Until now, distribution networks are regarded as a passive termination of the transmission network, with a
radial structure, unidirectional power flows, and a simple and efficient protection scheme. In presence of a
large amount of Distributed Generation (DG), distribution networks will gradually, but ineluctably, change
towards a new kind of active networks. The most revolutionary change, needed to efficiently allocate so
much DG, could be represented by the adoption of a meshed network architecture. For this reason, in the
paper new possible arrangements for distribution networks have been deeply investigated and compared with
the radial scheme. Steady state and dynamic simulations have been performed, considering a portion of the
real Italian distribution network, and voltage profile, power losses, short circuit currents and grid reliability
have been analyzed.
POSTER-A.34 Adaptive Over Current Protection for Distribution Feeders with Distributed
Generators
Mesut Baran, Ismail El-Markabi, North Carolina State University
The connection of distributed generators (DG) to distribution networks influences the performance of the
networks. This paper focuses on the impact of DG on the feeder protection, specifically the impact on the
overcurrent (OC) relay performance. The paper presents simulation results to show the extent of deterioration
a DG can cause on the OC relay performance. The paper then presents an approach to solve this problem and
restore the overcurrent relay performance.
POSTER-A.35 Commercial and Industrial Applications Getting Ready for Direct-Current Power
Distribution
Dave Crudele, Thomas Key, Arshad Mansoor, EPRI PEAC Corporation; Faisal Khan,
University of Tennessee
This paper describes design trends in several classes of power-electronic appliances that will increase the
appeal for distributing dc power in buildings. In the commercial sector information technology (IT) power
conversion architectures are moving from multi- to single-voltage supplies, initially 12Vdc and evolving
toward 48Vdc. These changes apply to both data processing and internet server equipment. For motor
loads, adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are increasingly common in industrial settings as well as modern
commercial buildings. Since these motor drives operate with a 200 to 700V dc-link they are good candidates
for direct dc power. In fact, drives are also beginning to appear in single-phase residential appliances and
offer opportunities for direct integration with dc from photovoltaic systems or fuel cells. This paper reviews
basic design considerations and energy savings potential for operating these appliances directly from dc
distribution.
POSTER-A.36 Interconnection of Distributed Power to the Distribution Network
Johan Enslin, KEMA T&D Consulting
The interconnection of distributed power resources, normally through a power electronic converter, to the
distribution network brings challenges of its own. Due to the distributed nature of these resources, they are
implemented in large numbers onto the same, sometimes remote, distribution network. These challenges
include power quality issues, network stability, power balancing considerations, voltage regulation,
protection protocols and unwanted islanding considerations. This paper highlights some of these issues
with the aid of two case studies in large-scale PV and wind power interconnections, sensitizing some of the
underlying considerations.

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POSTER-A.37 Operating Characteristics of the Convertible Static Compensator on the 345 kV
Network
Jane Sun, L. Hopkins, Ben Shperling, Bruce Fardanesh, Mark Graham, Michael Parisi,
New York Power Authority; Stuart MacDonald, Subbashish Bhattacharya, Steve Berkowitz,
Siemens AG; Abdel-Aty Edris, Electric Power Research Institute
Convertible Static Compensator (CSC), a versatile device based on FACTS technology was designed,
developed, manufactured, installed, and tested. The project was a collaborative undertaking by NYPA, EPRI
and Siemens Power Transmission & Distribution. The CSC was installed on a 345 kV substation with series
elements inserted in two 345 kV lines. The CSC consists of two 100 MVA inverters, two 100 MVA series
transformers, and a single 200 MVA shunt transformer with two identical secondary windings. The CSC
can be operated in four basic configurations: Static Synchronous Compensator, Static Synchronous Series
Compensator, Unified Power Flow Controller, and Interline Power Flow Controller. The CSC was tested
under various system conditions and the test results are discussed and analyzed. The tests confirmed the
actual power flow control characteristics of the CSC and their close correlation with the design parameters.
The CSC utilization on NYPA network results in the increased power flow transfers and enhanced power flow
control capability on Marcy - New Scotland and Marcy - Coopers Corners lines. The power flow on Marcy
- New Scotland line can be varied by ±125 MW, and on Marcy - Coppers Corners line by ±80 MW.
POSTER-A.38 Fast VSC Transmission Control
Lisa A. Lamont, University of Ulster
The aim of the research is to develop a fast controller for Voltage Source Converter (VSC) transmission.
The system is highly non-linear, it has four control inputs and higher order dynamics. The fastest feedback
control loop is the inverter DC voltage (Vdci) controller but this controller solely can not achieve satisfactory
performance. To improve Vdci performance an additional stabilising feedback loop is developed at rectifier
side. The stabilising loop is a lead-lag second order filter that is designed using the root locus methods.
The addition of this controller reduces the overshootings of the Vdci control and it improves robustness of
the overall transmission system. The VSC transmission control under faults is achieved using a dedicated
current controller at each converter station. This controller uses special current reference settings to avoid
interactions with the small-signal controller. The transition between small-signal and fault control is achieved
using minimum elements with the control modulation angle and magnitude inputs. The design is fully tested
on non-linear digital simulator for a range of small-signal and fault conditions, and the responses confirm
design goals.

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 Monday, October 11
POSTER-A Emerging Technologies in Power Engineering (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 14:00 - 16:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Co-Chairs: Brad Roberts, S&C Electric and Miroslav Begovic, Georgia Institute of Technology
POSTER-A.39 Towards Realizing the GridWise™ Vision: Integrating the Operations and Behavior
of Dispersed Energy Devices, Consumers, and Markets
Sunil Cherian, Spirae, Inc.; Ron Ambrosio, IBM
GridWise is a vision and a concept developed by the Department of Energy, Pacific Northwest National Labs,
and industry participants based on the belief that substantial value can be unlocked throughout the electric
power system value chain with the deep penetration of information, communication, and intelligent control
technologies. Recent studies estimate that the net present value of system level benefits that can potentially
be created through various intelligent system optimization strategies range from ~dollar~30 billion to over
~dollar~120 billion. However, we are far from fully understanding the technologies, business models, and
regulatory environments needed to begin capturing meaningful portions of these potential benefits. This
paper presents an approach that addresses one of the major technology hurdles—developing an affordable
and highly scaleable platform that enables energy service providers to model and implement business
processes that integrates dispersed physical assets, energy consumers, and energy markets to create and
capture new value.
POSTER-A.40 Development of the Design Factor for the 1phase Module of 6.6kV/200A Class
Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiter
J. S. Kang, B. W. Lee, K. B. Park, I. S. Oh, LG Industrial Systems
In these days, there is a demand to develop fault current limiters(FCLs) to reduce excessive fault current
and protect electrical equipments which are installed in transmission and distribution power systems. We
considered the resistive superconducting FCLs among the various kinds of FCL. In this study, in order
to develop the resistive superconducting FCL of 6.6kV 200A 3F, we designed the new mask pattern for
etching YBCO films by means of numerical analysis method, current limiting experiments and visualization
of bubbles in films and investigated dielectric performance of the designed mask by using elecrtostatic
numerical analysis method and breakdown experiments. We visualized the bubble propagation characteristics
of etched films and selected the thickness of the gold layer in superconducting elements. We etched YBCO
films by using the newly designed mask, connected the etched films in series and in parallel, and designed
1phase module for the 6.6kV resistive SFCL and then we observed the current limiting characteristics of the
module.
POSTER-A.41 The Practical Implications of Bringing a Multi-Agent Transformer Condition
Monitoring System On-Line
Victoria Catterson, Stephen McArthur, University of Strathclyde
On-line condition monitoring is a useful tool for maintaining and extending the longevity of power
transformers. An intelligent diagnostic system is desirable for operational safety and reliability. Bringing
these concepts together results in a powerful support tool for engineers, reducing the volume of data to deal
with, and making the data more meaningful. This paper describes how a multi-agent system for diagnosing
the cause of transformer partial discharge activity was coupled with a method of UHF partial discharge
monitoring, creating an on-line condition monitoring system. The challenges presented by the on-site
environment are discussed, along with the implications for the complete system.
POSTER-A.42 Power Quality Management Model for the Colombian Industrial Sector
E. Marmolejo, E. Méndez, M. T. Torres, G. Ramos, Universidad de los Andes
The objective of this paper is to present a power quality management model for the electric power system in
the industrial sector. This model integrates actions like: management, control, monitoring, maintenance and
updating of the electric powerʼs quality within the companyʼs strategic planning policies. In other words, the
electric powerʼs quality will be part of the integrated business strategy of the organization.

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POSTER-A.43 Reusing Supposed Benign Systemic Data to Achieve Greater Security
Robb Klashner, New Jersey Institute of Technology
Utilities are becoming more dependent on sensor data to manage their operations and business processes.
This data can be reused to facilitate National Security through the analysis of what appear to be benign
events. Such events seldom occur and are justifiably categorized as outliers. However, they may indicate
terrorist activity in a particular context and in the presence of other identical or associated benign events. An
integrated approach is needed that will analyze these events. When statistically significant associations are
discovered, the eventʼs significance is raised accordingly; i.e. the eventʼs importance is escalated. Specific
human experts must be made aware of the exceptional events if and only if a particularly appropriate level of
significance is determined using an “event escalation” process. This process is only possible given the right
information architecture.
POSTER-A.44 Distributed Autonomous Real-Time System for Power System Operations - A
Conceptual Overview
Khosrow Moslehi, Ranjit Kumar, ABB, Inc.; Eddie Dehdashti, PARS, Inc.; Peter Hirsch,
EPRI/E2I; Warren Wu, Tennessee Valley Authority
This paper presents a conceptual overview of a distributed autonomous real-time (DART) system for the
operation of power systems ranging from small interconnections to continental-scale power grids. The
conceptual design considers the evolution of the power and information infrastructure over the next decade
and addresses the needs of transmission system operations. The architecture is modular and scalable from
the viewpoints of organizational, geographical and functional aspects. It allows for any number of players
representing transmission operators, regional reliability coordinators etc. The architectural and functional
design is intended support self-healing power grid. The design calls for autonomous intelligent functional
agents distributed throughout the system at various levels of hierarchy. A vision for the evolution of the
current operations to gradually realize an implementation of the revolutionary design is offered.

15
 Monday, October 11
POSTER-A Power System Operations A (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 14:00 - 16:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Chair: Jerry Heydt, Arizona State University
POSTER-A.45 Long-Term Resource Adequacy-Supply Resources
Narinder Trehan, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Long-term resource adequacy deals with securing existing and new generation resources, demand resources,
transmission upgrades and market features. On July 31, 2002, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC) issued a Notice of Proposed Rule (NOPR) on Standard Market Design (SMD) and released a White
Paper, “Wholesale Power Market Platform,” on April 28, 2003. A resource adequacy program would have
both the short-term and long-term markets role in ensuring reliability of the electric power system. Long-term
resource adequacy needs new investment and the investors should have incentive to develop new resources
and to maintain existing supply resources. The distributed resources, the life extension program (license
renewals) from 40 to 60 years for nuclear power plants , power uprates, and advanced nuclear reactor designs
can help to supply resources portion of the long-term resource adequacy requirements.
POSTER-A.46 Application Meta-Heuristics Method for Short-Term Unit Commitment Problem
Gwo-Ching Liao, Fortune Institute of Technology
This paper presents a Hybrid Chaos Search Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing method (CGA-
SA) for solving short-term thermal generating Unit Commitment (UC) problems. The UC problem involves
determining the start-up and shutdown schedules for generating units to meet the forecasted demand at the
minimum cost. The commitment schedule must satisfy other constraints such as the generating limits per
unit, reserve and individual units. We combined a genetic algorithm with the chaos search. First, it generates
a set of feasible unit commitment schedules, and then puts the solution to the SA. The CGA has good global
optima search capabilities, but poor local optima search capabilities. The SA method on the other hand, has
good local optima search capabilities. Through this combined approach an optimal solution can be found.
POSTER-A.47 Implementation of a Novel Peak Demand Reduction Scheme
Killian Morgan, Hugh Mullany, Michael Walsh, EirGrid plc
The Irish Transmission System Operator introduced a novel demand side management (DSM) programme for
winter 2003/2004 called the winter peak demand reduction scheme (WPDRS). The WPDRS rewards reliable
reduction in electrical consumption below a participant-specified committed level (in MW) every business
day between 5 pm and 7pm during the winter months. The proactive and simple nature of this DSM scheme
succeeded in providing a higher consistency of load reduction relative to other schemes that send intermittent
economic or reliability signals instructing participants to curtail. The scheme had 182 participants, with
106MW of subscribed load reductions, corresponding to 2.5% of the historical peak load. Over the four
winter months, participants reliably responded by reducing their consumption by 70MW between 5 pm
and 7 pm at a cost of €178/MWh. Winter 2004 was the first since 1989 with decreased peak demand on
the previous year (down 1.6%), even though overall demand still grew by 2.8%. This paper describes the
WPDRSʼs structure, its results, and highlights areas for possible improvement.

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POSTER-A.48 An Integrated Platform for Power System Dynamic Security
Hassan Ghoudjehbaklou, Rujun Hu, Abed Halimah, Open Systems International, Inc.
Operator Training Simulator (OTS) has been widely utilized for the power system simulation and operator
training. However, the changes and restructuring in power industry bring in new challenges into the
monitoring, evaluation, prevention and restoration of power systems. Although there are renewed interests
in OTS for its training values, there are greater interests for it as an invaluable planning tool, when dynamic
security of the system is involved. Modern complex power systems require more comprehensive and adaptive
plans to ensure dynamic security. Recent advances in designing modular interconnected software applications
provided an ideal solution for using OTS as a dynamic security simulation and prevention platform. This
paper describes a platform that runs Contingency Analysis (CA) on a simulated network of few hours ahead
of current time. This might be sufficient for exercising some preventive action, if necessary. In more sever
cases, a fast pace OTS might be used for exercising a restoration scheme, before it is implemented.
POSTER-A.49 Development of the Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations
Daniel Doan, DuPont; Herman O. Kemp, Tennessee Valley Authority; Vince Saporita,
Cooper Bussman; George D. Gregory, Square D Company; Bruce McClung, Electrical
Safety Consulting Services, Inc.; Craig M. Wellman, DuPont
This paper reports on the accomplishments of the IEEE 1584TM Working Group. This working group
raised money for testing, oversaw a significant amount of testing, analyzed the data, developed a new model
for incident energy calculation and wrote IEEE 1584TM IEEE Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard
Calculations. The paper discusses: the working groupʼs starting point; the need for laboratory testing; the test
and analysis methods employed; the discovery from the testing; the development of the model and the guide;
and the need for further work. IEEE 1584TM-2002 significantly updates prior information on conducting an
arc flash hazard analysis in accuracy, usability, and depth. The guide offers a new empirically derived model
for enclosed equipment and some open lines for voltages from 208 volt to 15 kilovolts and a theoretically-
derived model for applications involving higher voltages or large gaps between conductors. Included with
this guide are programs with embedded equations, which may be used to determine incident energy and the
arc flash protection boundary.
POSTER-A.50 Measurement of Transmission Line Parameters from SCADA Data
G. L. Kusic, Power Systems Consultants, Inc.; D. L. Garrison, Duke Energy
Transmission line equivalent circuit parameters are often 25% to 30% in error compared to values measured
by the SCADA system. These errors cause the economic dispatch to be wrong, and lead to increased costs
or incorrect billing. The parameter errors also affect contingency analysis, short circuit analysis, distance
relaying, machine stability calculations, transmission planning, and State Estimator Analysis. An economic
example is used to demonstrate the affect of transmission line errors. SCADA measurements from several
utilities are used to compute the ʻreal worldʼ value of the transmission line parameters. State Estimation with
the estimated parameters is compared to the computations using the theoretical values.
POSTER-A.51 Design Features of a Dynamic Security Assessment System
Jorge L. Jardim, Operador Nacional do Sistema; Carlos S. Neto, Dinâmica; Wes T.
Kwasnicki, British Columbia Transmission Corporation
This paper presents the design features of a dynamic security assessment (DSA) system. The main issues
regarding DSA system functionalities, security assessment methodologies, numerical algorithms, technical
specification, and system architecture are discussed. Performance results of the real-time static security
assessment are presented.

17
POSTER-A.52 Undervoltage Load Shedding Using Global Voltage Collapse Index
Mario Klaric, Igor Kuzle, Sejid Tesnjak, University of Zagreb
Increasingly higher demand in power created problems in power system operation since the growth of the
transmission system is restricted. System often function close to their stability limits and sometimes loads
need to be shed in order to prevent system from collapsing. In this paper one undervoltage load shedding
(UVLS) method to prevent voltage collapse is presented. This method is based on a global index which
indicates voltage collapse proximity and voltage magnitudes on critical buses. Global index for voltage
collapse proximity determination is calculated based on power flow Jacobian matrix operations. Considering
that on the voltage stability limit Jacobian matrix becomes singular, it cannot be inverted. Therefore method
involving eigenvalue calculation is used here. IEEE 14 bus system was used as a numerical example which
showed how loads and system in general can be saved from voltage collapse using UVLS.
POSTER-A.53 Operations of Network Analysis and Security Tools at PSE&G
Bill Campbell, Shao Chang, Maria Schmatz, Gerard Wollner, Public Service Electric and
Gas; Yinhua Guo, SNC-Lavalin Energy Control Systems Inc.
Operational experiences of the network analysis and security (NAS) tools at PSE&G are presented. Some
of the unique features of the NAS subsystem are described, with emphasis on solutions to specific practical
problems. NAS operation and maintenance practices are also discussed, from the userʼs perspective.
POSTER-A.54 Determining Optimal Allocation of Flow Controllers Based on System Stability and
Controllability
Chung-Neng Huang, National Taipei University of Technology
A hierarchical screened method for determining the optimal allocation of flow controllers are proposed in this
paper. Since the allocation patterns are found basing on the concept of tree/co-tree in graph theory, all line
flows of the system are controllable only by the minimum number of flow controllers. In order to prevent from
system instability resulting from flow control, the eigenanalysis of the sensitive matrices characterized the
corresponding allocations are taken. It is helpful to screen out the invalid allocations where flow controllers
may cause instability in the system. Finally, by comparison with the flow controllability of each allocation,
the optimal one hit the target of flow control can be found. A three-machine four-bus two-loop model system
is given as an example to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
POSTER-A.55 A Method for Sustained Overvoltage Control During Power System Restoration
Gaihong Cheng, Zheng Xu, Zhejiang University
During early stages of power system restoration when energizing lightly loaded transmission lines, operators
need to pay special attention to the overvoltage problems. This paper presents a sensitivity-based method to
determine the most efficient control variables for the correction of voltage violations. Efficiency Coefficient
(EC) was defined to measure the efficiency of the control variables, which considered both voltage sensitivity
to control variables and other factors including equipment limitations and system operation constraints as
well. The control variables selected according to their ECs guarantee that no new voltage violations will
be generated and the minimum shifts are needed for the control of overvoltages. The proposed method is
demonstrated for restoration of the IEEE 39-bus New England system and it will provide guidance for both
the development of PSR(Power System Restoration) plan and the real system restoration.
POSTER-A.56 Internet Based Maintenance Decision Support for Electric Utilities
Zhenyuan Wang, Jiuping Pan, Le Tang, ABB Corporate Research; George Frimpong, Tim
Taylor, ABB Electric Systems Consulting
This paper analyzes the needs and requirements of maintenance decision support for electric utilities. After a
brief review of maintenance decision support systems, a new realization concept is proposed to take the full
advantage of the Internet based technologies. The implemented system is then introduced to demonstrate the
feasibility and potential benefits.

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 Monday, October 11
POSTER-A Power System Planning & Implementation A (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 14:00 - 16:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Chair: Greg Welch, Triangle Power Systems Consulting, Inc.
POSTER-A.57 A Practical Super Short Term Load Forecast Method and Its Implementations
Qia Ding, Nanjing Automation Research Institute; Jiangang Lu, Guangdong Electric
Power Dispatching Center; HuaiQing Liao, Shanghai Electric Power Company
The Super Short Term Load Forecast (SSTLF) is important for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) in on-
line power system and plays a great role in electricity market. According to SSTLFʼs requirements of fast-
calculation and highprecision, this paper implements a practical method based on the pattern of daily load
curve in several Chinese provincesʼ realtime EMS with different load characteristic. Some important aspects
such as bad data processing and current load level are also discussed. The implemental results demonstrate
that this method is fast, accurate, stable and suit to most system.
POSTER-A.58 A Probabilistic Method for Reliability, Economic and Generator Interconnection
Transmission Planning Studies
K. E. Harris, W. E. Strongman, Burns & McDonnell Engineering Consulting
Probabilistic methods for transmission planning have been put forth by several authors in the past. These
previous methods have recommended departures from the current N-1 contingency method used by most
utilities and independent system operators. The method proposed in this paper is intended to take the exiting
N-1 method and enhance it by using a tool called @Risk. The authors propose that the method described in
this paper can be used to compare transmission development scenarios that are intended to relieve congestion
between areas, or to rank transmission projects intended to improve reliability.

19
POSTER-A.59 The Application of Load Characteristic Services System for Improved Customer
Services in Taipower
J. C. Hwang, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences; C. W. Hwang, Taiwan
Power Company
This paper develops a load characteristic services system (LCSS) consisted of a relational database system
and a friendly inquiry system. The target of LCSS is to provide multiple-information function developed
from load characteristic data for both customer and Taipower. The contribution of LCSS is not only to
improve the customer services for customer but also to advance the effectiveness of business activities for
Taipower. Both the service quality and customer relation management has been improved evidently because
the operated of LCSS. Client/Server architecture has been designed in the system and executed in the intranet
of Taipower, the Microsoft SQL Server is applied to build a relational database, there are 2000 customerʼs
power consumption data which came from load survey of Taipower has been stored and 15000 relational
tables has been built to manage those data in the database. Visual Basic (V.B.) is used to develop the inquiry
system and the TCP/IP protocol is used for interfacing between the database management system and the
inquiry system.
POSTER-A.60 Soft Computing Techniques for Short Term Load Forecasting
Carolina Tranchita, Álvaro Torres, Universidad de los Andes
Short term load forecasting is a recurrent topic in the operative planning activities of companies dedicated to
the distribution and trade of energy around the world due to the competitive electricity market, in which an
advantage in the previous knowledge of demand could mean the difference between obtaining big benefits or
incur in economic losses. In this paper a novel method for short term load forecasting is proposed based on
the similar day approach and the use of Soft Computing techniques. This approach is founded on the search
for the most similar day in history, to the forecasted day, based on the explanatory meteorological variables
forecast for the load of this day. Once the “similar” day is found, the load forecast will be the same of that
day with an adjustment for load growth. LAMDA-fuzzy-clustering techniques, regression trees, CART
classification and fuzzy inference for the peak power, daily energy and load curve forecast are used. The
validation of the proposed method is made with meteorological and load data from a Colombian city.
POSTER-A.61 Web Site to Determine Wheeling Charges in the Mexican System
Adrián Inda, Gustavo Bravo, Federico Flores, Instituto de Investigaciones Eléctricas
To allow the transparency in the application of the wheeling methodology in the Mexican electrical system,
reduce service costs, and grant a better service to the users, the Energy Regulatory Commission of the
Ministry of Energy of Mexico (CRE) requested the technical services of the Electric Research Institute
of Mexico (Instituto de Investigaciones Eléctricas IIE) to develop a Web Site for Wheeling Charges. This
internet-based wheeling charge calculation tool is used to quote transmission services in voltages levels of
69 kV to 400 kV, applying the actual methodology approved by CRE, in conjunction with the Ministry of
Finance and Public Credit of Mexico. The model established in the Web Site allows potential investors to
study different options for a possible service and select the most convenient one for them, without having to
deal directly with the service suppliers, reducing time, costs and improving efficiency. This article presents
the technical and functional aspects of the design and implementation of the Web Site for Wheeling Charges,
as well as a general description of its usage.
POSTER-A.62 Voltage Stability Preventive and Emergency Preventive Control Using VIPIt
Sensitivities
Yoshifumi Kataoka, Shinichi Iwamoto, Toshinori Esaka, Toshiya Ohtaka, WASEDA
University
Recently, as power system loads are located farther away from power plants and are more unevenly
distributed, reactive power losses have tended to increase due to the heavier power flow with high load
growth and long distance transmission. Therefore, an effective voltage control scheme has been brought
to attention in a considerable number of studies. Hence, in this paper, we propose on-line voltage stability
control schemes i.e., a preventive control and an emergency preventive control, in addition to conventional
local controls. In order to assess the effect on voltage stability in different generators, we propose the Voltage
Instability Proximity Index including three power flow equations in a specified value space (VIPIt) based on
the conventional index VIPI.

20
POSTER-A.63 An Examination of the Costs and Critical Characteristics of Electric Utility
Distribution System Capacity Enhancement Projects
Patrick Balducci, Battelle Memorial Institute; Lawrence Schienbein, Tony Nguyen, Daryl
Brown, Eihab Fathelrahman, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
This paper classifies and analyzes the capital and total costs for 172 electricity distribution system capacity
enhancement projects undertaken during 1995-2002 or planned in the 2003-2011 time period by three electric
power utilities in the Western United States. Projects were sorted into eight categories: capacitors, load
transfer, new feeder, new line, new substation, new transformer, reconductoring, and substation capacity
increase. Capital cost and total cost frequency distributions were constructed along with descriptive statistics
for each project type. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis was performed to determine how
various project variables (e.g., project location and primary customer served by the project) impact the unit
costs.
POSTER-A.64 A Novel Model of Large-Scale Hydrothermal Power System Optimal Scheduling
Zhen Wang, Guang-yu He, Xue-qing Chen, Shuang-xi Zhou, Tsinghua University
This paper presents a new application of linear programming with multi-embedded blocks [LPMEB] for
optimal scheduling of multi-level interconnected hydrothermal power system. The multi-embedded structure
is suitable for the multi-level power system operation and the autonomy and confidentiality of each embedded
system are maximized while assuring the global economy to the whole system. In this model, each block
is a local linear programming [LP] model, or network flow programming [NP] model with side constraints,
or their combinations, and it can be embeddable. The hydropart is linear model with the fixed-head hydro-
plant model. A direct method based on the Revised Simplex Algorithm is proposed to resolve the LPMEB
problem, and can be implemented via applied distributed computing technique. Numerical results for the
interconnected hydrothermal power system of Three Gorges, China, are presented.
POSTER-A.65 Improve the Reliability and Environment of Power System Based on Optimal
Allocation of WPG
Zulati Litipu, Ken Nagasaka, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
In last paper, the installation of small type decentralized energy resources dealt with the optimal method of
installation based on inherent data of dispersed recourses of small size generators. In this paper, wind electric
generation is used as an accessory power service recourses to improve the reliability index in energy supply
for existing power system based on the initial reliability index and optimal allocation of wind power turbine
in existing power system, the operation data determining output of wind power turbine is derived from the
operation characteristics in our target region. The total optimal capacity of the wind electric generation to
be installed for each target bus is determined based on the characteristics of wind condition so as to manage
the supply reliability of the existing system to reach the permissible level. The reliability constraint has been
used to ensure that each period; the introduced wind electric generation together with exiting units provides
a level of system reliability index that is not lower that a user specified energy supply index. Probabilistic
security index obtained from the generator outage probability and the operation characteristics of wind power
turbine then decides the selection of the target sites for installation. The environment efficiency is considered
by determined capacity of wind electric energy. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach is
verified through numerical examples on the IEEE 30-Buses, 6-Generators and 41-Lines power system.
POSTER-A.66 Recommendations to Prevent Power System Cascading Blackout
Ding Zhong Meng, Light Reach International Ltd.
Referring to the analysis of the August 14th Blackout in the United States and Canada, this paper makes some
recommendations based on the experiences of major disturbances in China.
POSTER-A.67 Performance of the Novel Rough Fuzzy-Neural Network on Short-Term Load
Forecasting
Li Feng, Jia-Ju Qiu, Y. J. Cao, Zhejiang University
A hybrid model Integrating with rough set theory and fuzzy neural network is presented for short-term load
forecasting. Multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to learn automatically the knowledge of historical data
set and find the best factors that are relevant to electric loads, and the crude domain knowledge extracted from
the elementary data set is applied to design the structure and weights of the neural network. Simulation results
demonstrate that the rough fuzzy neural network has better precision and convergence than the traditional
fuzzy neural network. Moreover, it becomes easier to understand the transferring way of knowledge in neural
network.

21
POSTER-A.68 Uncertainty Planning in Power Distribution
Lei Shaolan, Sun Caixin, Zhou Quan, Chongqing University in China
Witn the development of economy and society,power planning is facing with the influence of much
uncertainty,which are mainly fuzzy and stochastic factor. Cloud theory is better method solving fuzzy and
stochastic uncertainty.User demand to power is usually stochastic in different time as if it is seemed cloud
and uncertain. The paper will discuss load forecasting and planning by cloud theory.
POSTER-A.69 Developing Annual Load Duration Curve Using an Intelligent Technique
Abdul-Bary R. Sulaiman, Majed S. M. Al-Hafid, Azhar S. A. Al-Fahadi, University of
Mosul
The paper discusses a method to get the hourly load data from the peak daily load (i.e. to store one value
and get 24 values). The method uses one of the intelligent techniques (Artificial Neural Network ANN).
The annual load duration (ALDC) is used in different studies, such as power system planning, reliability
study, etc. In this work the ALDC is used as an example for the application of the proposed method. When
the hourly load data for a year are available, it is easy to find the ALDC. In the studies where the ALDC is
needed, the load is usully forecasted (future load) where the hourly data are not available. A proposed ANN is
explained to overcome this difficulty. The method develops the daily load (24 hours) from the peak load. The
required days are encountered, which means that the ALDC is obtained for the required days. Also if there is
a missing period, the proposed method can develop that missing period in the data. The data of the Iraqi North
Region National Grid (INRNG) for the year 2001 is used to verify the validity of the proposed method. The
results of a conventional mthod are also given.

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 Monday, October 11
POSTER-A Switchgear (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 14:00 - 16:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Chair: Jerry Heydt, Arizona State University
POSTER-A.70 On-Line Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics of Power Distribution Equipment
Albert Livshitz, Bella H. Chudnovsky, Boris Bukengolts, Schneider Electric / Square D
Continuous on-line temperature monitoring provides the means to evaluate current condition of equipment
and detect abnormality. It allows corrective measures to be taken to prevent upcoming failure. Continuous
temperature monitoring and event recording provides information on the energized equipmentʼs response
to normal and emergency conditions. On-line temperature monitoring helps to coordinate equipment
specifications and ratings, determine the real limits of the monitored equipment and optimize facility
operations. Using wireless technique eliminates any need for special cables and wires with lower installation
costs if compared to any other type of online condition monitoring equipment. In addition, wireless
temperature monitoring works well under difficult conditions in strategically important locations. Wireless
technology for on-line condition monitoring of energized equipment is applicable both as standalone system
and with an interface with power quality monitoring system. The paper presents the results of wireless
temperature monitoring of switchgear at a power plant over a two-year period.

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 Monday, October 11
POSTER-A Substations Committee (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 14:00 - 16:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Chair: Sakis Meliopoulos, Substation Committee
POSTER-A.71 Application of Information Technology in Substation Automation
Mohan Khedkar, Vijay Gohokar, Tushar Dhande, Satish Kabra, Shri Sant Gajanan Maharaj
College of Engineering, Shegaon
Evolution of Intelligent Electronic Devices has made the automation of distribution system reliable. The data
is obtained at substation level and delivered to master control center using various communication techniques.
This paper describes the application of information technology in substation automation Equipments to be
communicated are identified by specific address and data is transferred using internet. TCP/IP communication
protocol is used for data acquisition and control. Proposed technique is tested on 11 KV substation.
POSTER-A.72 Functional Testing of IEC 61850 Based IEDs and Systems
Alexander Apostolov, Areva T&D; Benton Vandiver, OMICRON Electronics
The integration of multifunctional Intelligent Electronic Devices in complex substation or power plant
automation systems requires the development of a standard protocol that will meet the requirements of
protection, control, monitoring, recording and metering functions. The emerging IEC 61850 standard for
communication networks and systems in substations allows the development of high-speed peer-to-peer
communications based applications, as well as distributed metering, control and protection solutions based on
sampled analog values. The paper describes in detail the principles of different IEC 61850 communications
based functions in multifunctional IEDs and analyses the factors that will affect their performance. It also
discusses the requirements and principles of their testing. A comparison between the functional testing of
conventional IEDs and testing of communications based IEDs are described later in the paper. Methods for
functional testing of IEC 61850-based systems are presented at the end of the paper.

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 Monday, October 11
POSTER-A Power System Dynamic Performance A (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 14:00 - 16:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom E
Chair: Juan J. Sanchez-Gasca, GE Energy
POSTER-A.73 FACTS Solutions for Voltage Stability Problems in a Large Metropolitan Area
Hector Sarmiento, Gabriela Pampin, Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas; John Diaz de
Leon, American Superconductor
The purpose of this paper is to apply and assess the performance of FACTS controllers for dynamic voltage
support: Dynamic VAR (D-VAR™) and Advanced Static Compensator (STATCOM), in a large metropolitan
area. To determine the best location for these controllers, modal analysis and timedomain simulations are
used. A good correlation was found between the two techniques. Performance is discussed with only D-
VAR™ in place, only STATCOMʼs in place, and a combination of the two.
POSTER-A.74 UFLS Program to Ensure Stable Island Operation
Shinichi Imai, Tadaaki Yasuda, Tokyo Electric Power Company
This paper highlights an introduction of UFLS (Under Frequency Load Shedding) program TEPCO (The
Tokyo Electric Power Company, Inc.) has applied for more than 20 years and our experiences of dynamic
simulation to determine the UFLS settings. The study concluded that the island separated from main grid where
load – generation imbalance is greater than 30% can be saved by our unique UFLS scheme. Coordination
with UFLS settings and over-excitation protection are critical to keep secure system performance.
POSTER-A.75 A Study of Operation Characteristics of UPFC Type Dispersed Power Supply System
with FC, PV and EDLC by Improved EMAP Model
Kazuari Seita, Ichiro Takano, Kogakuin University; Hisao Nishikawa, Tokyo Denki
University; Yoshio Sawada, Kogakuin University
Application of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) to dispersed power supply system combined with
fuel cell (FC), Photovoltaic Cell (PV) and electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is studied in this paper.
This system is operated in autonomous mode, taking account of time delay characteristics of FC. This system
can meet the multi-quality electric power requirements of customers, and compensate voltage stability and
uninterruptible power supply (UPS) function as well. Moreover, the response characteristics of this system
is confirmed with the simulation by software PSIM and the required capacity of EDLC to compensate load
demand is clarified by the simulation using software MATLAB/Simulink. An improved EMAP model,
provided with limiting function in addition to the original EMAP model, was used to realize further reduction
of EDLC capacity.
POSTER-A.76 Study on the Voltage Stability of Induction Motor Load
Peng Liu, North China Electric Power University
This paper conducts research on the voltage restoration characteristics of induction motor load in the
context of large disturbances, and holds that, for a normally operating induction motor in the context of
large disturbances, the voltage can maintain stable if the disturbances are removed in time. Additionally, this
paper investigates the voltage collapse process of the induction motor in the context of small disturbances,
maintaining that voltage collapse may occur when the induction motor voltage is below a certain value. Then,
this paper analyzes the relations between induction motor instability and voltage instability. Finally, this
paper reaches the conclusions of the mechanism of voltage stability and voltage collapse.

25
POSTER-A.77 Frequency Stability Issues for Islanded Power Systems
Jonathan Horne, Damian Flynn, Tim Littler, Queenʼs University Belfast
Frequency stability has not necessarily been a major problem for the majority of power systems in the past.
However, for economic and environmental reasons, power systems are now operated closer to stability limits
to maximise the use of the existing networks. Therefore, introduction of new, more efficient and renewable
generation technologies, and their effect on the power system must be fully understood if a reliable and
secure electricity supply is to be maintained. Using the Northern Ireland, and interconnected Republic of
Ireland electricity networks as a case study, this paper addresses some of the issues regarding integration and
modelling of Combined Cycle Gas Turbines (CCGTs), and Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) technology on a
small islanded power system.
POSTER-A.78 Out-of-Step Prediction Logic for Wide-Area Protection Based on an Autoregressive
Model
Koji Yamashita, Hideyuki Kameda, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
This paper describes a new out-of-step prediction logic based upon the autoregressive model (AR model),
which is a kind of time-series analysis. The oscillation after the clearance of a severe fault is modeled using the
mth-order of the AR model, of which input data are the phase difference of the voltage between substations.
The stability of the power system is distinguished using the sign of the real part of the characteristic roots
that are given by solving the pulse transfer function of the AR model. That is, a negative sign leads the power
system to be judged to fall into unstable status. In this case, the oscillation of the rotor angle of every generator
is modeled using the mth-order of the AR model. Where both oscillations include the same components, the
power system is predicted to fall into out-of-step status. The new logic is verified using the Y-method, which
CRIEPI has developed as a dynamic analysis and which gives good results in the 10-generator western Japan
60Hz model power system.
POSTER-A.79 Static VAR Compensator Installation in the City of San Francisco
Bhaskar Ray, Pacific Gas & Electric Company; Pouyan Pourbeik, ABB Consulting;
Anders Bostrom, ABB Power Systems; Michael Van Remoortere, Pacific Gas & Electric
Company
This paper presents a case study of the implementation of an advanced Static VAR System in the PG&E
transmission system to accomplish improved voltage regulation and system reliability. The primary
reason for this capital investment is to facilitate shutdown of old synchronous condensers at PG&E-owned
Hunters Point Power Plant, which are reaching the end of their original design life. These aging assets incur
high maintenance and operating costs and face the challenge to meet increasingly stricter NOx emission
requirements under environmental regulations. The paper presents a discussion of the commercial issues
as well as detailed technical studies necessary to ensure proper implementation of such FACTS technology
systems into the transmission grid.
POSTER-A.80 A New Algorithm for Relieving Overloads and Voltage Violations by Transmission
Line and Bus-bar Switching
Wei Shao, Vijay Vittal, Iowa State University
It is widely known that corrective switching (including transmission line and bus-bar switching) may change
the states of the power systems, and consequently, affect the distribution of power flows, transmission losses,
short circuit currents, voltage profiles as well as the transient stability of power systems. In this paper, based
on the fast decoupled power flow (FDPF) with limited iteration count, a new algorithm is developed to find
the best line and bus-bar switching action for relieving overloads and voltage violations caused by system
faults. A general model of bus-bar switching action is proposed such that the new algorithm can simulate
any kind of complicated bus-bar switching action. Simulation results on the 39-bus New England system
show that the new algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively solve the overload and voltage violation
problems and the computation time is also satisfactory.

26
POSTER-A.81 Study of Global Frequency Dynamic Behavior of Large Power Systems
Shu-Jen Steven Tsai, Li Zhang, Arun G. Phadke, Yilu Liu, Virginia Tech; Michael R.
Ingram, Sandra C. Bell, Ian S. Grant, Dale T. Bradshaw, Tennessee Valley Authority;
David Lubkeman, Le Tang, ABB Corporate Research
A global view of power systemʼs frequency behavior opens up a new window for analyzing systemʼs
dynamics. With the aid of global positioning system (GPS), measurements from different locations would
have synchronous time; therefore a system-wide observation and analysis would be possible. As part of the
US-wide power frequency monitoring network project (FNET), this paper focus on simulation study results of
power frequency dynamics of major US systems (e.g. WSCC, Eastern US). The study assesses the frequency
measurement accuracy needed to observe frequency oscillations from events such as remote generation
drops. Electromechanical wave propagation phenomena during system disturbances have been observed.
The speeds of electromechanical wave propagation in different areas of the US systems were estimated and
their characteristics were discussed. Simulation of the 2003 August 14 northeastern US blackout is given as
an example to show wide area monitoring systems such as FNET could have provided crucial information
for possible remedial actions.
POSTER-A.82 Evaluating Advanced VAR Compensators for Improving Power System Voltage
Stability
Ernst Camm, Thompson Adu, S&C Electric Company
An evaluation of advanced VAR compensators for improving power system voltage stability is presented.
The evaluation includes a comparison of the dynamic performance of three categories of advanced VAR
compensators through dynamic simulation in a simple utility system, as well as design, application, operation,
and other considerations. The three categories of devices discussed include power-electronically-switched
capacitors, inverter-based systems without energy storage, and inverter-based systems with energy storage.
Conclusions on relative advantages and disadvantages of the three categories of devices are presented.
POSTER-A.83 Power Flow Control of a Single Distributed Generation Unit with Nonlinear Local
Load
Min Dai, Mohammad N. Marwali, Jin-Woo Jung, Ali Keyhani, Ohio State University
Distributed generation units with small energy sources, such as fuel cells, micro-turbines, and photovoltaic
devices, can be connected to utility grid as alternative energy sources besides providing power to their local
loads. The distributed generation units are interfaced with utility grid using three phase inverters. With
inverter control, both active and reactive power pumped into the utility grid from the distributed generation
units can be controlled. Reactive power flow control allows the distributed generation units to be used as
static var compensation units besides energy sources. This paper presents a distributed generation unit control
technique which provides robust voltage regulation with harmonic elimination under island running mode
and decoupled active and reactive power flow control under grid-connected mode. The control technique,
which combines discrete-time sliding mode current control, robust servomechanism voltage control, and
integral power control, enables seamless switching between island mode and grid-connected mode and
guarantees sinusoidal line current waveform under nonlinear local load. The P Q coupling issue is addressed
and the stability of the power control loop is proved using Lyapunov direct method.

27
POSTER-A.84 Voltage Monitoring and Control for Enhanced Utilization of Power Grids
Albert Leirbukt, ABB, Inc.; Kjetil Uhlen, Magni T. Palsson, SINTEF Energy Research; Jan
O. Gjerde, Protura; Khoi Vu, ABB, Inc.; Ø. Kirkeluten, Statnett
Transmission operators in deregulated power markets are increasing the utilization of the transmission system
with a minimum of investment in new infrastructure. This trend leads to smaller safety margins and increased
risk of system wide power blackouts. This paper presents results from a collaborative R&D effort by a
research institute, a transmission company, and an industry company, with the objective to increase power
transfer limits with the use of sophisticated control algorithms and advanced measurement technologies. A
prototype Voltage Instability Predictor (VIP) terminal, and a centralized control scheme for dynamic reactive
resources have been implemented and tested in a real 420kV power transmission grid.
POSTER-A.85 Identification of Dynamic Equivalents for Distribution Power Networks Using
Recurrent ANNs
Ahmed M. Azmy, István Erlich, Universität Duisburg-Essen
This paper introduces a recurrent ANN-based dynamic equivalent for distribution networks in interconnected
power systems and outlines the implementation of such equivalents in simulation packages. According to
this approach, a recurrent ANN is trained in the offline mode using measurements only at boundary buses
and hence it is independent of the network size and complexity. Then, a suitable dynamic model, which
depends on the structure and parameters of the ANN, is developed and implemented within the simulation
program. As the proposed ANN-based dynamic equivalent interacts with the retained subsystem in the online
mode, it can be used for different stability analysis purposes. The proposed strategy is applied to define a
dynamic equivalent for a distribution system containing a large number of active sources in a multi-machine
network. The dynamic performances of the original full network and that containing the equivalent model
are simulated and their behaviours are compared under different disturbances in the retained network. The
practical capability of the ANN in developing simple but accurate dynamic equivalents for distribution power
networks is demonstrated through these comparisons.
POSTER-A.86 Reducing Standing Phase Angles via Interior Point Optimum Power Flow for
Improved System Restoration
Nelson Martins, CEPEL; Edimar Oliveira, Jose Luiz Pereira, Federal University of Juiz
de Fora; Luiz Claudio Ferreira, ONS
Maximum limits for standing phase angles (SPA) must be imposed upon network loop closure, during the
transmission system restoration process. These limits reduce the risk of damage in generation and transmission
equipment. This paper presents an interior point Optimum Power Flow (OPF) tool, whose objective function
to be minimized is the deviation of active power generation and/or load shedding. The maximum limits of
SPA are modeled as additional constraints. A practical restoration problem in one large area of the Brazilian
interconnected system was analyzed and the results indicated the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
POSTER-A.87 Dynamics of Voltage Stability in a Multi Machine System
M. Biglari, Power & Water Institute of Technology
In this paper, dynamics of voltage stability in a multi-machine system is investigated. To obtain dynamics
of voltage stability, static and dynamic techniques are used. This study shows that the use of static approach
is limited in determining the dynamic behavior of voltage stability. Results of time domain simulation are
presented to clarify the phenomenon of voltage instability. The results show the importance of maintaining
the voltage control capability of generators. It has been shown that the dynamic characteristics of load
influence the dynamics of voltage stability.
POSTER-A.88 A Microturbine Generation System for Grid Connected and Islanding Operation
Alessandro Bertani, C. Bossi, CESI; Federica Fornari, Stefano Massucco, University of
Genoa; Silvano Spelta, CESI; F. Tivegna, University of Genoa
The paper addresses the up-to-date issue of Distributed Generation (DG). In order to fully exploit DG
potentialities, advanced integrated controls that include power electronics facilities, communication
technologies and advanced modeling are required. Significant expectations are posed on gas microturbines
that can be easily installed in large commercial and public buildings. Modeling of an existing microturbine
and its advanced controls for both grid-connected and islanding conditions with privileged loads are
developed and presented. Simulations have been performed on an electric network that reproduces a test
facility on the way to be completed and already partially available for validation.

28
POSTER-A.89 A New Training Simulator for Improved Voltage Control of the Hydro-Québec
System
Thierry Van Cutsem, Gaetan Hasse, Cedric Moors, University of Liège; Sebastien Guillon,
Richard Mailhot, Hydro-Quebec
This paper reports on the development of a training simulator focusing on voltage control and stability.
It has been derived from a quasi steady-state simulation software already used and validated in planning
and operational planning studies. The computational engine has been provided with a user interface built
on the client-server architecture, allowing the simulator to run on a network of PCs in a very flexible way.
New displays can be set up easily and quickly. This tool is presently used by Hydro-Québec to improve the
operatorʼs ability to control transmission voltages. Other features, uses and benefits are reported.
POSTER-A.90 EAF Voltage Flicker Mitigation by FACTS/ESS
Li Zhang, Yilu Liu, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Michael R. Ingram,
Dale T. Bradshaw, Tennessee Valley Authority; Steve Eckroad, Electric Power Research
Institute; Mariesa L. Crow, University of Missouri-Rolla
One of the problems caused by an electrical arc furnace (EAF) is voltage fluctuation from the variations
of the active and reactive furnace load, which are known as voltage flickers. In this paper, voltage flicker
mitigation results by different FACTS and energy storage systems (ESS) were presented. The system X/R
ratio looking from the point of common coupling, which has a special impact on the effectiveness of active
compensation, was discussed. The study has clarified the misunderstanding of how the system X/R ratio
should be calculated. The study showed that FACTS with ESS could play a better role than reactive power
alone in mitigating EAF voltage flickers.
POSTER-A.91 System Islanding Using Minimal Cutsets with Minimum Net Flow
Xiaoming Wang, Vijay Vittal, Iowa State University
Slow coherency has effectively proved its capability in determining sets of generator groups among weak
connections in any given power system. In this paper, we provide two comprehensive approaches to deal
with islanding the actual system based on the grouping information, by using the minimal cutsets technique
in graph theory. The issue of minimal cutsets has been widely discussed in areas related to network topology
determination, reliability analysis, etc. The results of this paper also show potential in application to power
system islanding. The verification of the islanding scheme is provided based on a WECC 179-Bus, 29-
Generator test system.
POSTER-A.92 Investigation of Short-Term Voltage Stability Problems and Countermeasures
Costas Vournas, Emmanuel Potamianakis, National Technical University of Athens
This paper discusses a few aspects of short-term voltage instability: modeling of transient overexcitation
limiters of synchronous generators; possible outcomes of instability, such as induction motor stalling,
induction generator overspeed, generator loss of synchronism leading to a local blackout; eigenvalue tracking
and use of eigenvector to characterize the instability mode; and finally use of SVC to counteract short-term
voltage instability. Results on two test systems, the one of which involves a number of wind farms with
induction generators, are included.
POSTER-A.93 Identification of Power System Low Order Linear Models Using the ERA/OBS
Method
Juan Sanchez-Gasca, GE Energy
This paper describes the identification of low-order linear models for two power systems modeled in
a standard transient stability program. The approach used in the paper is the Eigensystem Realization
Algorithm/Observer (ERA/OBS) identification method. The identified models retain the modal characteristics
associated with lightly damped electromechanical modes.

29
 Monday, October 11
POSTER-A Power System Analysis, Computing and Economics A (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 14:00 - 16:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom E
Chair: Edwin Liu, Nexant
POSTER-A.94 Web Delivery of Engineering Software and Technical Reference Materials for
Distributed Wind Generation Planning
T. L. King, Electrotek Concepts, Inc.
The increase in computing power and the availability of rapid development tools for the web have allowed
traditional desktop software applications for engineering to be delivered via the Internet. Delivering applications
in this fashion allows for quicker delivery, staged development, and easier software modifications. This paper
describes the product architecture and the project methodology for the development and delivery of software
analysis tools and technical reference materials used for the planning of distributed wind generation.
POSTER-A.95 The Computation of Neutral and Dirt Currents and Power Losses
Bill Kersting, New Mexico State University
Line segments in distribution systems are inherently unsymmetrical. That is, the spacing distances between
phases are not equal and the lines are not transposed; as is typically done on high voltage transmission lines.
The non-symmetry results in unequal self and mutual impedances. Couple this with line currents that are
typically unbalanced and a potential for severe voltage unbalances can occur along with additional line power
losses. For a four wire grounded wye line, the unbalanced operation leads to currents flowing in the neutral
and dirt (ground). This paper will develop a method for the computation of the neutral and dirt currents and
the power losses that are a result of these currents.
POSTER-A.96 Four Wire Newton-Rapshon Power Flow Based on the Current Injection Method
Debora R. R. Penido, Leandro R. Araujo, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Jose Luiz
Pereira, Paulo Augusto N. Garcia, Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Sandoval Carneiro,
Jr., Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
It is well known that the great majority of distribution systems are unbalanced due to unbalanced loads,
transmission lines asymmetry, single phase and two phase circuits. The three phase configuration, with four
wires having the neutral wire multiply grounded has been widely used because it has low installation cost and
more sensitivity to fault protection system than the three wire configuration. Some underground distribution
systems have non radial configuration and are called network distribution systems. Reference [1] presents
a sparse three-phase Newton-Raphson power flow formulation based on the current injection method. This
formulation is numerically very robust, allowing the representation of dispersed generation as PV buses
as well as the representation of sub-transmission systems (loops) together with the distribution systems.
Reference [2] presents a 5 wire formulation in which both the neutral and the ground wires are represented but
it uses the traditional backward/forward technique. Unfortunately this technique can be applied successfully
only for strictly radial distribution systems. This panel describes a new approach to include the fourth wire
in the technique presented in [1] in order to represent the neutral wires and the ground impedances in the
three phase power flow formulation. It can be applied either for radial or network unbalanced distribution
systems.
POSTER-A.97 Self-Healing Reconfiguration for Restoration of Naval Shipboard Power Systems
Karen Butler-Purry, Texas A&M University; N. D. R. Sarma, International Institute of
Information Technology
Naval shipboard power systems form a critical component of the U.S. defense infrastructure. When there is a
fault in a shipboard power system either due to battle damage or material casualty, it is important to quickly
isolate the fault and restore supply to as many loads as possible. This paper presents an automated self-
healing strategy for reconfiguration for service restoration in naval shipboard power systems. The proposed
method is illustrated on a system developed based on a typical surface combatant ship.

30
POSTER-A.98 Computing Distribution System Fault Currents and Voltages via Numerically
Computed Thevenin Equivalents and Sensitivity Matrices
Murat Dilek, Robert Broadwater, Virginia Tech; Richard Sequin, Detroit Edison
Company
Distribution system circuit topologies, connections, and equipment pose interesting challenges to system
analysts. An approach based upon fundamental circuit analysis principles to calculating fault currents of
various types is presented. The basic approach consists of obtaining the pre-fault phase voltages and a phase
Thevenin matrix at the fault location, and using the phase Thevenin matrix to solve the equations imposed
by the boundary conditions of a given fault. The approach also obtains sensitivity matrices to be used for
calculating post-fault voltages and currents at locations different from the fault location. The approach requests
services from a multi-phase power flow software component and a circuit model software component. The
approach works for both radial and looped distribution systems. The analysis can evaluate fault currents at
a node regardless of whether it is three-phase or non-three-phase and grounded or ungrounded. Experience
obtained from solving circuits with more than 5000 nodes will be reviewed.
POSTER-A.99 A State Queueing Model of Thermostatically Controlled Appliances
Ning Lu, Dave P. Chassin, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
This paper develops a state queueing model to analyze the price response of aggregated loads consisting
of thermostatically controlled appliances (TCAs). Assuming a perfectly diversified load before the price
response, we show that TCA setpoint changes in response to the market price will result in a redistribution
of TCAs in on/off states and therefore change the probabilities for a unit to reside in each state. A randomly
distributed load can be partially synchronized and the aggregated diversity lost. The loss of the load diversity
can then create unexpected dynamics in the aggregated load profile. Raising issues such as restoring load
diversity and damping the peak loads are also addressed in the paper.
POSTER-A.100 Topology Error Identification for the NEPTUNE Power System Using an Artificial
Neural Network
Kevin Schneider, Chen-Ching Liu, University of Washington
The goal of the North Eastern Pacific Time-Series Undersea Networked Experiment (NEPTUNE) is to
construct a cabled observatory on the floor of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing the Juan de Fuca Tectonic
Plate. The power system associated with the proposed observatory is unlike conventional terrestrial power
systems in many ways due to the unique operating conditions of cabled observatories. The unique operating
conditions of the system require hardware and software applications that are not found in terrestrial power
systems. This paper builds upon earlier work and describes a method for topology error identification in
the NEPTUNE system that utilizes an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to determine single contingency
topology errors.
POSTER-A.101 PSO Embedded Evolutionary Programming Technique for Non-Convex Economic
Load Dispatch
Nidul Sinha, B. Purkayastha, National Institute of Technology, Silchar
This paper proposes a hybrid method that integrates the main features of particle swarm optimization (PSO)
and evolutionary programming (EP) for solution of non-convex economic load dispatch (ELD) problems
having non-linearities like valve point loadings. Algorithms based on PSO, Evolutionary programming
(EP) and PSO embedded EP techniques have been developed and tested on a practical nonconvex ELD
problem with valve point loading effects considered in the cost functions. Numerical results show that all the
algorithms are capable of finding feasible near global solutions within a reasonable time but PSO embedded
EP-algorithm with Gaussian mutation appears to outperform the other two in terms of convergence speed,
solution time and quality of solution.
POSTER-A.102 A Coordinated Phase Shifting Control and Remuneration Method for a Zonal
Congestion Management Scheme
Bogdan Marinescu, Jean-Marie Coulondre, RTE-France
This paper presents a methodology for the phase shifter optimization which leads to economic benefits
in congestion management. The tap range of each phase shifter is split into two parts: one part is a range
reserved to ensure a given MW margin on each interconnection and the remaining part is used to compute
a tap position for each phase shifter such that the overall economic benefit is maximized. The phase shifter
owners can be remunerated in proportion to their contribution to the increase of the overall benefit due
exclusively to the optimal phase shifting. This twofold phase shifter control and remuneration mechanism is
integrated to a zonal congestion management scheme which is particularly efficient to manage the inter-area
congestions of a grid composed of independent areas, each one responsible for its internal congestions.
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POSTER-A.103 An Option Evaluation Model for Ancillary and Balancing Services
Alberto Ramirez Orquin, University of Puerto Rico; Vanessa Ramirez, Navigant Consulting,
Inc.
A new idea for Ancillary and Balancing Services evaluation, based on a financial option analogy is presented
and applied to a major real power network. The model requires as a prerequisite computing the system
available capacity as well as the excess demand function. This method provides a systematic and consistent
way to deal with the ancillary service evaluation, moreover utilizing well-established power system data.
A single function is utilized that allows pricing of both balancing and regulation, and simplifies dealing
with these services from an Independent System Operator ISO or Regional Transmission Organization RTO
standpoint. It can also help players ascertain the market value of their assets through a straight forward
evaluation process.
POSTER-A.104 Performance Achievement with Symmetric Multi-Processor Servers for EMS
Applications
Yasushi Takahata, Toshiharu Aiura, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation; Junʼichi Ohtani,
Shinta Fukui, TM T&D; Tadanori Mizuno, Sizuoka University
Recent large blackouts in the world and electricity deregulation progress in Japan cause a lot of influences on
the power network management from operational and technical points of view. It is more essential than ever to
manage power network reliably, securely and economically. Under these circumstances, it is strongly needed
for control centers to recognize the network power flow on-demand and as fast as possible, since increasing
power wheeling makes it difficult to assume the power flow precisely in advance, while economical load
dispatching control function that requires large amounts of numerical calculation is already put into practical
use. To facilitate this functionality, high-performance computing with Symmetric Multi-Processor (SMP)
servers is the key technology to success. In this paper, issues and their solutions to utilize SMP servers are
clarified. Energy Management Systems (EMSs) to prevent blackout and to enable more economical power
management can be realized through this study.
POSTER-A.105 A Novel Algorithm for Optimal Meter Placement to Maintain Network
Observability
Amany El-Zonkoly, Arab Academy for Science & Technology
This paper presents a novel algorithm by which measurement system can be optimally determined and
upgraded to maintain network observability. The proposed algorithm yields a measurement configuration
that withstands any single branch outage or loss of single measurement, without losing network observability.
The proposed algorithm is based on the measurement Jacobian and sparse triangular factorization in its
numerical part and based on artificial intelligence in the decision making part. Details of the algorithm are
presented using numerical example.
POSTER-A.106 Using Dynamic Simulations to Design the Wide-Area Stability and Voltage Control
System (WACS)
Robert E. Wilson, Western Area Power Administration; Carson W. Taylor, Bonneville
Power Administration
Bonneville Power Administration is developing and demonstrating a Wide-Area stability and voltage Control
System (WACS). WACS uses phasor measurements as input to a real-time controller. Controller outputs
initiate discontinuous actions: generator or load tripping and capacitor/reactor bank switching. Dynamic
simulations that approximate the realworld control system are required to design and to verify reliable
operation of the proposed control WACS. Dynamic simulations were used to evaluate proposed algorithms,
optimize the values of algorithms parameters and provide data to play into the real time controller. We made
great efforts to model filtering and time delay effects of measurement equipment, time delays associated with
communications, central-site control computers, power circuit breakers, and supervising circuits located in
individual substations.

32
POSTER-A.107 Efficient Pricing of a Bundled Product of Both Real and Reactive Power
Serhiy Kotsan, West Virginia University
This paper examines price mechanism with one price assigned for each level of bundled real and reactive
power. Equilibrium allocation under this pricing approach raises system efficiency via better allocation of
the reactive power reserves, neglected in the traditional pricing approach. Pricing reactive power separately
is not very practical since its cost is highly dependent on the real power output. Equilibrium allocation of the
bundled pricing was simulated on the simple 3-bus system power auction and compared with free reactive
power optimal power ?ow solution. The efficiency of this approach was shown in the general case, and tested
on the 30-bus IEEE network with piecewise linear cost functions of the generators.
POSTER-A.108 A Novel Algorithm for Building Z-Matrix
Quanming Yue, Weiyong Yu, Jiao Tong University; Feipeng Lu, Sichuan University
In order to reduce the calculation amount of building Z-matrix, a new viewpoint to building Z-matrix of
large-scale power network is put forward by the relationship of bus voltage, bus current injection and branch
current, and employing back-forward method of flow calculating in radiate networks in the article. The
algorithm could deal with mutual inductance or non-mutual inductance network and especial “a stroke”
tree set network and versatile network contained offset trees. The building process about BCIC matrix of
branches current vs. node injection current and VBC matrix of node voltage vs. branches current is in detail
expatiated considering branch mutual inductance. Numerical examples researched show that the novel
method is effective and universal.
POSTER-A.109 Use of P-Q Curve with Rectangular Probability Distribution of Bus Load in Voltage
Stability Study
Marian Sobierajski, Wroclaw University of Technology; Marek Fulczyk, ABB Corporate
Research
Practically, the idea of P-V and Q-V curve is used to determine the maximal reactive margin at load buses to
avoid voltage instability. Sometimes the voltage stability study may be limited to identify the violation of the
bus voltage constraints. In this paper the p-q curve for the critical bus voltage magnitude is created. Using
this p-q curve the probability of the critical voltage violation is estimated for uniformly distributed active
and reactive power at a given load bus. The p-q curve is created on the basis of bus impedance, which can be
measured or calculated. To illustrate the usefulness of p-q idea the simple numerical example is presented.
POSTER-A.110 Computation of Boundary of Power Flow Feasible Region with Hybrid Method
Yixin Yu, Peng Li, Hongjie Jia, Tianjin University; Stephen T. Lee, Pei Zhang, Electric
Power Research Institute
This paper presents a new hybrid method to compute boundaries of power flow feasible region, which
is pertinent to static voltage stability analysis. The hybrid method is derived from ʻpredictor-correctorʼ
framework. It converts the problem into an optimization problem, whose objective is to determine the
minimum distance from an external point to the boundary of the feasible region. The proposed hybrid method
can reduce the computation dimension in comparison with using ʻpredictor-correctorʼ method. In addition
to visualizing boundaries in two dimension space, the method can be utilized as a powerful tool to compute
the closest boundary point associated with a specific operating point. It also can be used to compute the
operating limit of facilities. In order to handle concave topology on the boundary, a modification of hybrid
method is also proposed. Numerical simulations on two systems illustrate that the hybrid method is reliable
and effective in terms of computing the boundaries of power flow feasible region.
POSTER-A.111 Spatial Representation of the Effect of New Generation on Network Security
Santiago Grijalva, PowerWorld Corporation; Anthony Visnesky, Anthony Engineering
This paper presents a comprehensive methodology to determine the locational value of new generation
in enhancing system security. The method is based on contingency analysis post-processing and a novel
three-dimensional weighted transmission loading relief (WTLR) calculation. A locational value that can be
visualized on a geo-referenced map is assigned to each bus in the system. The spatial representation of the
locational value can be overlaid with energy resource maps in order to prioritize siting projects to achieve
adequacy and benefit overall system security.

33
POSTER-A.112 A New Technique for Evaluating the Severity of Generator Outage Contingencies
Based on Two-Parameter Continuation
Wei Qiu, Alexander J. Flueck, Illinois Institute of Technology
This paper presents a new and powerful two parameter continuation technique for evaluating severe generator
outage contingencies whether they correspond to saddle-node bifurcation points or breaking points, given
a power system operating point, a load demand forecast and a generation dispatch forecast. Two algorithms
for redispatching generation are designed with respect to pickup types - individual generators and whole
areas. Furthermore, this paper explores the relationship between the powere injection parameter of outage
generators, and the right eigenvector associated with the smallest eigenvalue. The technique has been tested
on a large-scale power system with 19140 buses. With less than 3% relative error with different types, the
simulation results indicate that the proposed method is very robust, efficient and accurate for generator
outage contingency evaluation of large-scale power systems.
POSTER-A.113 Reliability Evaluation of a Taipower System Protection Scheme
T. Y. Hsiao, C. A. Shieh, C. N. Lu, National Sun Yat-Sen University
In order to prevent major blackout and enhance system reliability, various types of system protection schemes
have been implemented by the utilities around the world. One of the main concerns in the design of a system
protection scheme is to assure whether the system could fit with the reliability requirements specification. In
this paper, three reliability evaluation techniques, namely, simplified equation, fault tree analysis and Markov
modeling, are described and applied to assess the probability that the protection scheme fails to respond as
designed in a system implemented by the Taiwan Power Company. A sensitivity analysis technique is also
described and used to illustrate the effects of input data uncertainty on the system reliability.
POSTER-A.114 The Optimum Distribution Characteristics of Active Power Among Power Plants in
Complex Power System
Nurul Islam, Ryerson University; Nikolay I. Zelenokhat, Moscow Power Engineering
Institute; Karim Sheikh, Ryerson University
In this paper a method for optimum active power distribution among power plants of electrical power system
(EPS) has been proposed. The optimum active power distribution among power plants is a ongoing problem.
Itʼs very important from economic sight when integrated power system is maintained by different companies.
For solving this problem in different contributions usually Lagrange Method is used. In order to improve the
process of optimization, Lagrange Method has been expanded. The paper proposes to accept the changes of
system active power losses only for to determine the power balance. Partial derivatives with regard to the
change of power losses has been implemented for the power of separate transmission lines through which
it is transported from remote power plants instead of the total power losses of whole system usually used in
Lagrange Method. Although distributive characteristics of active power in this paper are determined applying
Lagrange Method, the use of existing control algorithms for the process of active power dispatch confirms
the effectiveness of proposed algorithm. The proposed method can be applied for solving the problem
of optimum distribution of active power among power plants of EPS serving by different companies in
industrial developed countries as USA, Canada, Japan and Germany.
POSTER-A.115 Wheeling Charges with Considering of Consumer Load Modeling
G. Reza Yousefi, AZAD University, Saveh Branch; Hossein Seifi, Tarbiat Modares
University
Electric energy wheeling is one of current industrial practices. Based on nodal pricing theory of marginal
cost, an approach is proposed in this paper in which the transition costs of both active and reactive powers
are calculated. The effects of consumer load modeling are also observed both in the optimization procedure
and the results. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on a 9-bus test system.

34
POSTER-A.116 Nodal Price Uncertainty Analysis Considering Random Failures and Elastic
Demand
Yu Xiao, Peng Wang, Yi Ding, Nanyang Technological University
The introduction of competition in the electric power industry and customer choices on its reliability and
price have changed the pricing mechanism. Uniform price used in conventional power system has been
replaced by nodal prices in a deregulated power system. This paper investigated the price uncertainty
caused by random failures and customer response. The expected nodal prices are used to represent the price
uncertainty. The effect of customer response on nodal price is considered using elastic demand. The results
of IEEE-RTS are presented.
POSTER-A.117 A Linear Static Kalman Filter Application for the Accommodation of Unscheduled
Flows
Siddharth Suryanarayanan, Gerald T. Heydt, Arizona State University
This paper describes the design and application of a linear static Kalman filter based on a Gauss-Markov
(GM) process for estimating minor loop flows in wide area systems. The minor loop flows assumed to
circulate in the system are estimated from the measurements of the active power flowing in transmission
circuits. Typically, the measurements may be noise contaminated; using the noisy data may reduce reliability
in estimation. Since, the estimates of the minor loop flows are employed in the monetary accommodation of
Unscheduled Flows (USFs) among GENCOs, the estimates are required to be noise free. A linear discrete
Kalman filter, used statically, can be employed for this purpose. A Gauss-Markov process is shown to
satisfactorily model the minor loop flows.
POSTER-A.118 Analysis of Bidding-Strategy for Leadership-Company in Power Market
Hui He, Zheng Xu, Chao Wang, Zhejiang University
In electricity market environment, bidding strategies employed by generation companies have significant
impacts on their own profits and marketʼs economic characteristics. The leadership-company, which has large
capacity and low cost in system, may exert the competition superiority by employing bidding strategies, such
as capacity withholding, to gain additional profits. Thus, how to investigate the strategic bidding behaviors
and how to analyze potential market power of leadership-company are important research areas in electricity
market. The pricing model of leadership-company based on optimization is proposed in this paper. The
optimal bidding capacities, profits and settlement prices can be produced by an iteration algorithm. The
results are compared with the corresponding data of normal competition to evaluate the bidding behaviors
of a leadership-company. Based on the varying loads of a whole day, the bidding strategies of a leadership-
company have been analyzed by a simple 8-bus system example.
POSTER-A.119 Impacts of Transmission Congestion on Market Power in Electricity Market
Hui He, Zheng Xu, Gaihong Cheng, Zhejiang University
In power systems, transmission network provides the infrastructure to support a competitive electricity
market, but congestion occurs frequently in weakly connected networks. The definitions of the market
power are presented from the views of economics and regulation. Bidding strategies, such as withholding
capacity and bidding at higher price, are analyzed and the impacts of transmission congestion on the
loctional marginal price (LMP) are illustrated in detail. Congestion will cause relative scarcity of generating
capacities in the congested areas, so generation companies in these areas have locational market power.
Impacts of transmission congestion on market power are evaluated by an 8-bus system. The results indicate
that transmission congestion can enhance the loctional market power in the congested areas and weaken the
efficiency of electricity market. So this study can provide a theoretical basis for stipulating market operation
rules and supervising behaviors of market participants.

35
POSTER-A.120 Tracing Nodal Market Power Using Proportional Tree Method
Yu Xiao, Peng Wang, Nanyang Technological University
Market power has come to power system from economics in conjunction with deregulation. Market power
problems are more complicated in an electric market than those in other markets due to the specific properties
of electricity. The assessment of market power is an important aspect of electric market analysis and
operation. This paper addresses nodal market power in power markets. A proportional tree method (PTM),
which is used to determine the contribution of an individual generator to loads, has been applied to determine
the nodal-must-run-share (NMRS). The IEEE-RTS is analyzed to illustrate the proposed technique.
POSTER-A.121 Optimal Choice and Allocation of FACTS Devices in Deregulated Electricity Market
Using Genetic Algorithms
L. J. Cai, University of Duisburg-Essen; István Erlich, Universität Duisburg-Essen; G.
Stamtsis, University of Duisburg-Essen
This paper deals with the optimal choice and allocation of FACTS devices in multi-machine power systems
using genetic algorithm. The objective is to achieve the power system economic generation allocation and
dispatch in deregulated electricity market. Using the proposed method, the locations of the FACTS devices,
their types and ratings are optimized simultaneously. Different kinds of FACTS devices are simulated in this
study: UPFC, TCSC, TCPST, and SVC. Furthermore, their investment costs are also considered. Simulation
results validate the capability of this new approach in minimizing the overall system cost function, which
includes the investment costs of the FACTS devices and the bid offers of the market participants. The
proposed algorithm is an effective and practical method for the choice and allocation of suitable FACTS
devices in deregulated electricity market environment.
POSTER-A.122 Short-Term Electricity Price Modeling and Forecasting Using Wavelets and
Multivariate Time Series
Haiteng Xu, Tak Niimura, University of British Columbia
This paper presents a new method to model and forecast the short-term electricity prices. The historical
price and load data are first decomposed by wavelet transform, then multivariate time series is applied to
model and forecast the wavelet coefficients of next day electricity price. The forecasted price is obtained
by reconstructing the wavelet coefficients. The numerical examples of Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland
(PJM) spot market data are presented.
POSTER-A.123 Bulk Power System Low Frequency Oscillation Suppression by FACTS/ESS
Li Zhang, Yilu Liu, Virginia Tech; Michael R. Ingram, Dale T. Bradshaw, Tennessee Valley
Authority; Steve Eckroad, Electric Power Research Institute; Mariesa L. Crow, University
of Missouri-Rolla
Low frequency oscillations in the interconnected power systems are observed all around the world. In this
paper, the authors studied the inter-area mode low frequency oscillations by analyzing the phenomena in
Nashville area of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) system. Our study revealed 4 dynamic groups of
generators in this area. Within each group, generators swing together and have the same dynamic trend.
Generators from different dynamic groups swing against each other. The authors studied the possibility of
using a FACTS/ESS controller to damp the low frequency oscillations in Nashville area. The active power is
controlled to damp the low frequency oscillation while the reactive power is controlled to keep the local bus
voltage at a constant level. The simulation results of the actual TVA system showed that the energy storage
devices can be used for power system low frequency oscillation damping. The study also showed that the
wide area measurements could be used as inputs for improved FACTS/ESS control.

36
POSTER-A.124 Transient Stability Assessment for Power System via Lurʼe Type Lyapunov Function
Hiromu Sakaguchi, Atsushi Ishigame, Osaka Prefecture University; Shirou Suzaki, The
Kansai Electric Power Company Inc.
This paper presents a transient stability assessment by constructing a Lyapunov function for multi-machine
power system considering AVR control system represented in the third order transfer function. The proposed
Lurʼe type Lyapunov function is constructed as a quadratic form of state variables and an integral term
which satisfies the symmetric condition and the sector condition, and determined by solving the Linear
Matrix Inequality (LMI) derived from the Lyapunov stability theorem. To verify the proposed Lurʼe type
Lyapunov function, the transient stability assessment for 10-machine test system including AVR control
system is shown. The critical clearing times given by the proposed Lyapunov function are compared with
those obtained by the numerical integration method, and they are shown to be practical.
POSTER-A.125 Improved Particle Swam Optimization Algorithm for OPF Problems
Bo Zhao, C. X. Guo, Y. J. Cao, Zhejiang University
This paper presents the solution of the optimal power flow (OPF) using particle swarm optimization (PSO)
technique. The main goal of this paper is to verify the viability of using PSO problem composed by the
different objective functions. Incorporation of non-stationary multi-stage assignment penalty function
in solving OPF problem can significantly improve the convergence and gain more accurate values. The
proposed PSO method is demonstrated and compared with linear programming (LP) approach and genetic
algorithm (GA) approach on the standard IEEE 30-bus system. The results show that the proposed PSO
method is capable of obtaining higher quality solutions efficiently in OPF problem.
POSTER-A.126 A Hierarchical Distributed Object-Oriented Architecture for Energy Management
System
Badri Ramanathan, Guillermo Gutierrez-Alcaraz, Iowa State University
This paper presents a novel hierarchical distributed architecture for Energy Management Systems that is
based on resource management in real-time systems. The foundation of this architecture is an object-oriented
model of the entire power system. The overall framework for the architecture has been developed through the
application of algorithms that exploit the inherent parallelism between objects in scheduling objectoriented
tasks in real-time. In this research an attempt has been made to provide a new perspective for the problem
of designing efficient information/communication architecture for Energy Management Systems by viewing
it as one of efficient resource management in real-time systems. This paper presents the detailed description
of the proposed framework, along with an illustration of the key aspects through an example power system
application.

37
 Monday, October 11
POSTER-B Transformers (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 16:30 - 18:30
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Chair: Jerry Heydt, Arizona State University
POSTER-B.1 Experimental Investigation of Internal Short Circuit Faults Leading to Advanced
Incipient Behavior and Failure of a Distribution Transformer
Mirrasoul Mousavi, Karen Butler-Purry, Texas A&M University; Mustafa Bagriyanik,
Istanbul Technical University; Peter Palmer-Buckle, Black & Veatch
Transformer fault detection and diagnosis is becoming more important due to the restructuring of the electric
power industry. In this era of deregulation, loading transformers to their optimum capacity is becoming
normal practice, which in turn applies high stresses on the insulation of the transformers and increases the
probability of occurrence of internal short circuit winding faults. Such faults can lead to catastrophic failure
and hence cause outages. Utilities and other entities in the electric power business are therefore exploring
ways of detecting these faults in transformers in the incipient stage. Terminal values, primary and secondary
currents and voltages of the transformer convey information that can be used to detect internal transformer
failures before developing a detection method. The behavior of these terminal values should be understood.
In an effort to characterize the behavior of the terminal values of a transformer during internal short circuit
and incipient faults, short circuit faults were staged on a 25 kVA, 7200V/240V/120V two winding custom-
built transformer. This paper discusses the results of the field experiments performed over a 19-month period.
It presents time domain results of selected short circuit experiments. It also presents recordings of advance
incipient-like behavior during the last set of experiments.
POSTER-B.2 Transformer Tap Changing by Data Classification Using Artificial Neural Network
Md Fakhrul Islam, Joarder Kamruzzaman, Guojun Lu, Monash University
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) can play a vital role in its application to on-load tap changer of distribution
transformers since the input variation in practical field is enormous due to continuous changes in the power
system conditions and neural network is capable of handling this variation due to its robust generalization
capability. In this paper we use the two algorithms, namely, scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) and Bayesian
regularization (BR) for training an ANN to control the automatic on-load tap changer of two parallel
transformers connected across the power network. Primarily five data sets are constructed considering
voltage phase angle differences between the sources feeding the primary windings while the secondaries are
connected in paralleling mode. For each data set, accuracy in ANN based tap changer decision is investigated
and BR algorithm yields better results than SCG algorithm. In the second stage, another combined data set
is formed by analyzing the trend of false responses in primary results. Results show significant improvement
in performance when combined data set is used for training. With this data set, difference in performance
between BR and SCG algorithms reduces, however BR still performs better with significantly high accuracy
in tap changer operation. The results demonstrate the potential applicability of ANN in tap changer operation
of parallel transformers.

38
 Monday, October 11
POSTER-B Power System Planning & Implementation B (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 16:30 - 18:30
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Chair: Greg Welch, Triangle Power Systems Consulting, Inc.
POSTER-B.3 A Gap Analysis of Combined Heat and Power with Gas Turbines at Colorado State
University
Wade Troxell, Patrick Dawson, Colorado State University
A cogeneration system could be implemented at Colorado State University to produce electricity while
offsetting the thermal load currently supplied by the boiler system. After investigating various co-generative
technologies a gas turbine was selected as the most optimal for Colorado State Universityʼs utility system.
Due to their size and installation flexibility two Centaur 40 3.4 MW turbines made by Solar Turbines were
selected as the gas turbines that would be implemented. There are various implementation aspects that need
to be addressed to gain the optimal performance of the Centaur 40. Within this document the various options
for a cogeneration system were analyzed for their optimal installation. These aspects included: Absorption
chillers, assisted steam turbines, peak shaving and waste heat utilization and were all found to not be
economically feasible. A split-installation site was found to be the optimal location of the turbines based on
Colorado State Universityʼs thermal and electrical loads.
POSTER-B.4 Market Oriented Planning of Power Generation Expansion Using Agent-Based
Model
Edgard Gnansounou, Jun Dong, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; Samuel Pierre,
Alejandro Quintero, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal
The deregulated electricity industry is characterized by structural change and strategic behaviors of market
participants. There is a need of a novel model for medium and long term planning that could include games
theoretical assumptions as well as other more complex assumptions. This paper proposes a new agent-based
model designed to support decentralized planning activities in electricity supply industry, with a certain level
of flexibility. In this model, the expansion planning method is developed around a multi-agent simulation
system where the interactions among agents in electricity market are simulated. An example is given to
illustrate the proposed model.
POSTER-B.5 A Practical Probabilistic Reliability Assessment Using Contingency Simulation
Nicolas Maruejouls, Vincent Sermanson, Electricité de France; Stephen T. Lee, Pei Zhang,
Electric Power Research Institute
This paper describes a practical method of Probabilistic Reliability Assessment (PRA) for large interconnected
power systems. It takes a large number of contingency load flow simulations and combine them with a
practical method of characterizing the effect of the availabilities of generators, lines and transformers for
computing meaningful Probabilistic Reliability Indices (PRI). The method was demonstrated on the US
Eastern Interconnection and has been applied by several utilities belonging to the EPRI PRA user group.
The ability of the method to provide insights on root causes, weak points and regional causes and effects
was shown. Results would also be useful for developing effective remedial actions or investment options.
The reliability indices could be used for measuring or monitoring bottlenecks, if an online computation of
these indices is implemented. They can also be used as one of several performance indices for transmission
investment decisions.

39
POSTER-B.6 Reactive Power Planning Using Hybrid Evolutionary Programming Method
V. Gopalakrishnan, P. Thirunavukkarasu, R. Prasanna, Government College of
Technology
The paper proposes an application of Hybrid Evolutionary Programming to Reactive Power Planning.
Reactive power planning is a non-smooth and non-differentiable optimization problem for a multi-objective
function. The objective functions deals with the minimization of operating cost by reducing real power loss,
improving the voltage profile and minimizing the allocation cost of additional reactive power sources. The
proposed method is developed in such a way that a standard evolutionary programming (EP) method is acting
as a base level search, which makes a quick decision to direct the search towards the optimal region, and local
optimization by direct search and systematic reduction in size of search region method is next employed to do
fine tuning. The Reactive Power Planning using Hybrid Evolutionary programming is demonstrated with the
IEEE 30-bus system. The comprehensive simulation results show that Hybrid Evolutionary Programming is
a suitable method to solve the Reactive power-planning problem.
POSTER-B.7 Probabilistic Model for Adequacy Evaluation of Electric Networks with Sizeable
Wind Power Generation
Paola Bresesti, Roberto Calisti, Dario Provenzano, Andrea Vaiani, CESI S.p.A; Bruna
Zecca, CESI S.p.A.
Wind energy plays an important role in growth of renewable resources exploitation both for plants number
and installed power. This paper presents a model that, in planning activities, makes possible to evaluate,
with a probabilistic analysis and calculation of some reliability indices as EENS, LOLP and LOLE, network
adequacy also for those cases in which many wind farm are installed. The presented approach is applied to
152 buses test system. Compared to deterministic methods, results help to find more accurate optimum size
of wind plants, taking account of network reliability.
POSTER-B.8 Unit Committment by Genetic Algorithms
Vellingiri Shanthi, ebenezer jeyakumar, Government College of Technology
This paper presents an application of the Genetic Algorithms (GA) method for the unit commitment problem.
Genetic Algorithms (GAʼs) are a general purpose optimization technique based on principle of natural
selection and natural genetics. The La-grangian Relaxation (LR) method provides a fast solution but it may
suffer from numerical convergence and solution quality problems. Numerical results on a system of 10 units
are compared with results obtained using Lagrange Relaxation (LR) and Genetic Algorithms (GAʼs), show
that the feature of easy implementation, better convergence, and highly near-optimal solution to the UC
problem can be achieved by the GA.
POSTER-B.9 Reliability Cost-Benefit Assessments in Urban Distribution Systems Planning
Ali A. Chowdhury, D. E. Custer, MidAmerican Energy Company
Achieving high distribution reliability levels and concurrently minimizing capital costs can be viewed as
a problem of optimization. Assuming given outage rates and repair times, distribution system design is the
remaining factor in determining customer reliability. Including customer value of reliability in an economic
analysis allows for optimization of the major components of distribution system design. Using mathematical
models and simulations, a comparison of design concepts can be performed to compute the optimal feeder
section length, feeder loading level, and distribution substation transformer loading level. The number of
feeder ties and feeder tie placement are also optimized through the models. The overall outcome of this
analysis is that capital costs can then be directed towards system improvements that will be most cost-
effective in improving system reliability. This paper presents a reliability cost-benefit approach to designing
urban distribution systems. The methodology is illustrated using a practical urban distribution system.

40
POSTER-B.10 A Matlab-Based Power Generator Maintenance Scheduler
Chandrabhan Sharma, Caribbean Hydro Source Limited; Sanjay Bahadoorsingh,
University of The West Indies
This paper presents a PC-based Windows application software package for production of optimised
maintenance schedules, performing economic dispatch, predicting actual dates for long-term maintenance
scheduling and querying the current status of a generating unit from data files. A new heuristic algorithm
based on the tabu search has been proposed as a solution. Using The Power Generation Company of Trinidad
and Tobago as the testing ground, a software package was developed and implemented in MATLAB 6.5
providing user-friendly Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). Numerical results have been obtained and the
effectiveness of this developed software has been demonstrated. Selected outputs of the software are
presented in this paper for illustration purposes.
POSTER-B.11 Merchant Transmission and the Reliability of the New York State Bulk Power System
- Part I: Thermal Transfer Limit Analysis
Mahmoud K. Elfayoumy, Ramon R. Tapia, Shaw Power Technologies, Inc.; Roger Clayton,
Conjunction LLC
This paper is the first one in a series of papers that presents a reliability analysis of the New York State Bulk
Power System (NYSBPS) with the addition of the Empire Connection, a major New York State 2,000 MW
HVDC merchant transmission project developed by Conjunction LLC. The focus of this paper will be on
the evaluation of thermal transfer limits for major NYSBPS interfaces relevant to the project. In evaluating
the thermal transfer limit for the studied interfaces, the paper uses an incremental approach that determines
the First Contingency Incremental Transfer Capability as a basis for calculating the thermal transfer limits,
with and without the proposed Empire Connection Project. The thermal transfer limit analysis was conducted
using PTIʼs Managing and Utilizing System Transmission (MUST) software package for FCITC calculations.
The obtained results show that the thermal transfer limits for the intra NY State interfaces under study were
substantially increased under normal and emergency conditions with the Proposed Empire Connection
Project in service. The basis for this paper is the work done for the System Reliability Impact Study report
for the Empire Connection approved by the NYISO on March 18, 2004 [1].
POSTER-B.12 Dimensioning of Distribution Networks with Dispersed Energy Resources
Antje Orths, Zbigniew A. Styczynski, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Olaf
Ruhle, Siemens AG
An increase of Dispersed Energy Resources (DER) in the power system is expected within the next decade.
Computations are necessary to find out the best proportion of dispersed generation to conventional power
generation. This paper presents results of long-term-interval network simulations considering suitable
models of DER. Problems of voltage control and stability level, overloading of devices and change of
loadflow direction are investigated, applying data of a test network. First, the philosophy of the modeling
and the results of operation simulations in the test power system network are illustrated, and then network
simulation results are discussed. Some critical cases are pinpointed and described.
POSTER-B.13 Non-Traditional Planning for Non-Traditional Times: Just What Should Planners
Minimize?
H. Lee Willis, ABB, Inc.
Electric utilities have seen a number of changes in both the business and customer landscape in which they
work as well as many shifts in the manner from which they are regulated. These have changed the basis of
values and priorities for T&D utilities, and thus for their planners. As a result, transmission and distribution
planners have to adjust to a different mix of priorities and a different focus in achieving “optimum”
performance. This paper looks at the major changes and uses a “cultural balance” perspective to outline big
changes that planners must adopt.

41
POSTER-B.14 Utility Experience Computing Physical and Operational Margins: Part II –
Application to Power System Studies
S. Lockwood, R. Navarro, American Electric Power; E. Bajrektarevic, P. Burke, S. Kang,
American Transmission Company; P. Ferron, Bonneville Power Administration; V. Kotecha,
Con Edison; S. Kolluri, M. Nagle, Entergy Services Inc.; S. Lee, Pei Zhang, Electric Power
Research Institute; S.K. Agarwal, General Reliability; M. Papic, Idaho Power Company;
J. Useldinger, P. C. Patro, Kansas City Power and Light; L. Arnold, KeySpan Energy; D.
Osborn, L. Fan, Midwest ISO; L. Hopkins, New York Power Authority; M. Y. Vaiman, M.
M. Vaiman, V&R Energy Systems Research
This paper deals with the application of the concept of physical and operational margins to analysis of power
system behavior. The approach has been evaluated by the EPRI Probabilistic Reliability Assessment (PRA)
User-Group members as described in the companion paper, Part I. Upon the evaluation of the approach, a
variety of studies was performed, including System Planning and Reliability Studies, System Operations
Studies, and Ranking Transmission Projects. The approach offers fast and accurate determination of
bottlenecks in the transmission network and optimal mitigation measures to alleviate the identified violations.
The paper represents the collective effort of the PRA User-Group.
POSTER-B.15 How to Consider Reliability Aspects in the Energy Management of the Brazilian
Hydro Dominated System
Xisto Vieira Filho, A. Oliveira, El Paso Energy International; J. C. O. Mello, L. A. S.
Pilotto, A&C Consulting; F. Arteiro, M. A. M. Vieira, ONS
System expansion in Brazil has been historically planned considering a deterministic criterion based on an
energy deficit risk equal to 5%, associated to unfavorable hydrological conditions. This criterion is adopted
independently of the economic impact (deficit cost) of the energy rationing. This paper proposes new expansion
planning procedures for hydro dominated systems. The proposed methodology incorporates aspects related
to costs of the deficit and the energy not supplied associated to energetic and electric reliability, respectively.
The methodology is illustrated considering a configuration of the Brazilian Interconnected System for 2004.
Results are presented and discussed.
POSTER-B.16 New Trends for the Assessment of Power System Security Under Uncertainty
Sebastien Henry, Jean Pompée, Louis Devatine, Mireille Bulot, RTE-France; Keith Bell,
NGT
A background of increasing uncertainties in all time horizons of power system planning and operation
has prompted the development of a comprehensive methodology and an advanced new practical tool for
assessing both the static and dynamic security of a real network facing a large number of uncertainties. This
paper briefly describes the methodology and then focuses on a study carried out during year 2003, leading to
determine total transfer capacities on some French borders.

42
POSTER-B.17 Load Pocket Forecasting Software
Eugene Feinberg, Dora Genethliou, SUNY at Stony Brook; Janos T. Hajagos, Bryan G.
Irrgang, Richard J. Rossin, Long Island Power Authority
In this paper we describe the load pocket forecasting software that can be used by electric utilities to estimate
and forecast the load growth in different service areas. The software builds statistical load models for various
service areas (load pockets), estimates weather-normalized loads, estimates the ratios between the actual
peak loads and the loads that would happened on designed days (weather normalized factors), and estimates
the next year peak load. In particular, the software can be used to calculate the probability distributions of
the next year peak loads for different load pockets. The software can be used for area planning purposes. The
software contains userʼs tools to design new load pockets and to modify the existing ones.
POSTER-B.18 Optimal Location of the Unified Power Flow Controller in Electrical Power Systems
Hany A. Abdelsalam, Gamal A. M. Aly, Mostafa Abdelkrim, Tanta University; Kamal M.
Shebl, Mansoura University
The main purpose of this paper is to identify the optimal location of the Unified Power Flow Controller UPFC
in electrical power systems. The proposed algorithm is based on the steady state injection model of UPFC,
a continuation power flow and an optimal power flow. The problem is formulated to find the best location
of UPFC in order to minimize the generation cost function and the investment on the UPFC device. Digital
simulation studies on the IEEE 14-bus test system are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed
algorithm.

43
 Monday, October 11
POSTER-B Power System Instrumentation and Measurements (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 16:30 - 18:30
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Chair: Jerry Heydt, Arizona State University
POSTER-B.19 Definition and Digital Algorithms of Dielectric Loss Factor for Condition Monitoring
of High Voltage Power Equipment with Harmonics Emphasis
Qingmin Li, Tong Zhao, Shandong University
Experience and applications of the currently available methods for on-line monitoring and diagnostics of high
voltage power apparatus is briefly reviewed. Based on the dielectric physics, a new definition of dielectric
loss factor with harmonics emphasis is proposed to evaluate the operational conditions of power apparatus
on a more reasonable basis, along with corresponding digitised algorithms. Two approaches, namely the
decoupling algorithm and the approximating algorithm, are presented to implement the methodologies with
the new definition of dielectric loss factor. The impacts of background noise and power frequency fluctuation
on estimation accuracy are analysed by computer simulations showing better application qualities of the
approximating algorithm than the decoupling one. A comprehensive strategy of simultaneous monitoring
of the sum current, dielectric loss factor, resistive current and capacitive current is recommended to give an
effective assessment and diagnosis of both the insulation degradation and heat behaviours.
POSTER-B.20 Field Practices of UHF Technique for On-Line PD Monitoring and Site Testing of
Power Transformers
Tang Zhiguo, North China Electric Power University; Ding Yansheng, State Grid
Corporation of China; Huang Xingquan, Henan Power Testing Institute; Li Chengrong,
Wang Wei, North China Electric Power University
A field-oriented UHF system for on-line PD monitoring of transformers is designed, which has been
installed inside the oil tank of a 220kV transformer in a substation of Henan Province by two ways: on-
line installing mode through the oil-valve and pre-installing mode through the man hole/hand hole cover.
This system has successfully captured long intermittent discharge signals that hadnʼt been detected through
conventional techniques, and solved the problem successfully. The results demonstrate that UHF technique
has great advantages for on-line PD monitoring of transformers. By adopting the peak detection technique,
it becomes easy and effective for the transplantation of the phase-resolved pattern recognition technique
from conventional method to UHF method, and then to realize continuous on-line monitoring, source
characterization and trending analysis.
POSTER-B.21 Monitoring Power System Dynamics Based on Phasor Measurements from Demand
Side Outlets Developed in Japan Western 60 Hz System
Takuhei Hashiguchi, Osaka University; Yasunori Mitani, Kyushu Institute of Technology;
Osamu Saeki, Kiichiro Tsuji, Osaka University; Masahide Hojo, The University of
Tokushima; Hiroyuki Ukai, Nagoya Institute of Technology
Japan Western 60 Hz System consists of six major electric power companies. Due to its longitudinal structure
there are some significant oscillation modes represented by long term oscillation among whole system. So
far, some oscillative characteristics have been measured in own area or in the interconnected tie lines.
However, there was little observation as a whole power system. In this paper the authors present a global
monitoring system of power system dynamics by using the synchronized phasor measurement of demand
side outlets, which are located in some universities in the 60 Hz power system. Phasor measurements are
synchronized based on the global positioning system (GPS) and measured data are transmitted via Internet.
Some oscillative features and variation of phasor in a day, a week or a year are analyzed using the acquired
data.

44
POSTER-B.22 A Novel Method for Removal of DC Component in Non-Sinusoidal Signals of Power
Systems
J. K. Wu, Guangxi University; B. T. He, Zhejiang University; Y. Hu, D. S. Luo, AUX Group;
Y. Liang, Guangxi University
A method for removal of DC component in nonsinusoidal signals of power systems is presented in this paper.
In digital power metering and digital protection relaying, some unwanted signals, such as DC components
and other non-period signals with exponential decay, must be filtered out so as to obtain much higher
measurement accuracy of voltages and currents. This paper aims at proposing a algorithm for estimating
the amplitudes and phase angles of non-sinusoidal voltage signals by removing DC components, employing
central numerical differentiation with 11 points and discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Discrete wavelet
transform is used to estimate the time constant of non-period signals, and numerical differentiation is used
to remove the DC components and to estimate the amplitudes and phase angles of non-sinusoidal signals of
power systems. The simulation results of a study example carried out in Matlab show better application to
digital relay and meter in accuracy and time.
POSTER-B.23 A Wireless Sensor Concept for Managing Electrical Distribution Networks
Mikael Nordman, Matti Lehtonen, Helsinki University of Technology
In this paper, methods and analysis of a simple wireless sensor concept for detecting and locating faults
as well as for load monitoring are presented. The concept is based on distributed wireless sensors that are
attached to the incoming and outgoing power lines of secondary substations. A sensor measures only phase
current characteristics of the wire it is attached to, is not synchronized to other sensors and does not need
configuration of triggering levels. The main novelty of the concept is in detecting and locating faults by
combining power distribution network characteristics on system level with low power sampling methods for
individual sensors. This concept enables the sensor design to be simple, energy efficient and thus applicable in
new installations and for retrofit purposes in both overhead and underground electrical distribution systems.
POSTER-B.24 Harmonic Frequency Estimation of Power Systems
J. K. Wu, Guangxi University; B. T. He, Zhejiang University; Y. Hu, D. S. Luo, AUX Group;
Y. Liang, Guangxi University
This paper presents a hybrid technique for harmonic frequency estimation of non-sinusoidal signals of power
systems with high order harmonics using central numerical differentiation and digital FIR filter algorithm.
A digital low-pass FIR filter is used to obtain the discrete values of the fundamental sinusoidal component,
and a set of digital band-pass FIR filter is applied to compute the discrete values of the harmonic component.
Using 6 points numerical differentiation, these discrete values are used for fundamental and harmonic
frequency estimation. For a signal with 20 harmonics, the technique requires at most 2 cycles(40ms) for the
first time of estimation computation, and requires at most 1 cycle for the latter estimation. Comparing with
other existing techniques, the proposed algorithm is characteristic of high accuracy and much less time. With
satisfactory results, a study example is given to illustrate the proposed algorithm in Matlab.

45
POSTER-B.25 Fundamental Study on Vibration Diagnosis for Turbine Generators Using Wavelet
Transform
Masatake Kawada, The University of Tokushima; Koji Yamada, Chubu Electric Power Co.,
Inc.; Katsuya Yamashita, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.; Katsuo Isaka, The University
of Tokushima
We presented results of the fundamental study to introduce the wavelet transform to the vibration diagnosis
for turbine generators. It is required to detect the vibration of turbine generators more accurately. The wavelet
transform is used in many fields because it is able to visualize a phenomenon in the time-frequency domain
and to detect the beginning time and the duration of it. We made a model rotor supported with two journal
bearings to simulate typical vibrations as contact vibration, clearance vibration, and oil whip. The vibration
phenomena were measured with displacement meters at the rotor and accelerometers at the rotor bearing,
and then, visualized in the time-frequency domain by the wavelet transform. It is found that the dynamic
spectra obtained by the wavelet transform of the contact vibration, the clearance vibration, and the oil whip,
are different respectively. Therefore, this method is able to distinguish the typical vibration phenomena. The
vibration phenomena can be detected and distinguished at the early stage.
POSTER-B.26 A Fast Algorithm for Generalized dqk Coordinate Transform
Yongjin Peng, Zheng Liu, Hunan University
Each harmonic component can be calculated respectively with the method of generalized dqk coordinate
transform, and the necessary detected signal length is the shortest one among those of all harmonic calculating
methods. This method has been used in applications [1, 2], but a huge amount of computing work is needed
if the harmonics are calculated by the definition presented in the literature directly. This paper proves that the
FFT algorithm can be applied to generalized dqk coordinate transform, so that the cost of time and resources
can be reduced significantly. A computing instance is provided which proves that the algorithm is correct and
effective.

46
 Monday, October 11
POSTER-B Transmission and Distribution B (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 16:30 - 18:30
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Chair: Gene Wolf, Public Service Company of New Mexico
POSTER-B.27 The Improved Clonal Genetic Algorithm and Its Application in Reconfiguration of
Distribution Networks
Ji Wang, An Luo, National Central South University; Minjun Qi, Changsha Electric
Bureau; Maojun Li, National Central South University
In this paper, a kind of genetic algorithm aiming to power system, i.e. predigestion of distribution networks,
chromosome encoding strategy & improved clonal genetic algorithm, is proposed, based on the main
genetic operator of clonal genetic algorithm & its nature. It can be used, to reduce the unsolvable code
of the distribution system reconfiguration, to enhance the rate of the solvable code and to accelerate the
calculating process, by the kind of genetic algorithm. The results of a example distribution system solved by
the algorithm indicate the feasibility and validity of applications in distribution system reconfiguration.
POSTER-B.28 A Practical Approach of Instantaneous Power to Control the Unbalanced and Non-
Sinusoidal Three Phase System
Khaled Sedraoui, Jeddah College of Technology
This paper propose a practical approach to the theory of instantaneous power in non-sinusoidal and
unbalanced-three-phase systems. This approach is based on the symmetrical components theory (also called
Fortescus transformations [5]) in instantaneous state. General equations relating both the instantaneous
powers and the symmetrical components in instantaneous state are developed. These general equations are
fundamental in elucidating some important characteristics of the instantaneous powers and will be useful in
understanding the control algorithms for the UPFC and the active filtering. A control strategy based on this
approach is applied to the third generation Flexible ac Transmission System, UPFC and the active filtering.
Theory and computer simulations using Simulink in Matlab environment demonstrate the practicality of the
proposed approach.
POSTER-B.29 Dual Tabu Search for Capacitor Control in Distribution Systems
Hiroyuki Mori, Yoshinori Iimura, Meiji University
In this paper, dual tabu search is presented for capacitor control in distribution systems. Capacitor control
is important in maintaining power quality in distribution systems. The problem formulation of capacitor
control may be expressed as a combinatorial optimization problem of capacitor banks. Meta-heuristics is
more efficient for solving a combinatorial optimization problem. In particular, tabu search of metaheuristics
is one of the promising meta-heuristics. However, tabu search still has room for improving the solution
quality in a largescale combinatorial optimization problem. This paper proposes a new tabu search that makes
use of the dual code for the initial value. For a given initial value, the dual code is considered and a couple
of initial values allow the algorithm to evaluate better solutions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is
demonstrated in the 32-node and 69-node distribution systems.
POSTER-B.30 Modeling and Control of Zero-Sequence Current of Parallel Three-Phase Converters
Using Matlab/Power System Blockset
Moleykutty George, Chan Lan Seen, Multimedia University
This paper proposes modeling and control of zerosequence current of parallel three-phase converters using
power system blockset (PSB). Novelty of this paper lies in the application of active power filter (APF) for
the cancellation of zero-sequence current produced by parallel converters using PSB. The entire system has
been modeled using MATLAB/Simulink/PSB blocks. The instantaneous line reference current waveform
for the APF has been generated using PSBʼs virtual phase-locked loop (PLL) block. For the determination
of reference APF current, the load current is sensed and compared with instantaneous line reference current.
Carrierless hysteresis based current control is used to obtain switching signals for the IGBTʼs. Simulation
results demonstrate the applicability of active power filter for the cancellation zero-sequence current produced
by parallel converters. Comparison of source current waveforms demonstrates that the proposed method can
be used even for balancing unbalanced source currents.

47
POSTER-B.31 Mathematical Modeling of a Synchronous Motor and Centrifugal Pump Combination
in Steady State
Petro Gogolyuk, Vladyslav Lysiak, Lʼviv Polytechnic National University; Ilya Grinberg,
Buffalo State College
For the first time mathematical model of a synchronous motor with centrifugal pump was created based on
electrical and hydraulic analogies. Efficient method of analysis of a synchronous motor with centrifugal
pump as an element of a Power Distribution System (PDS) load was developed with considerations for static
head of hydraulic network.
POSTER-B.32 Dynamic Game Theory Model for the Power Transmission Grid
Afshin Salehian, The Valley Group, Inc.
Transmission grid efficiency is the main concern of any regulatory regime. While high tech devices can help
improve the network efficiency by optimum usage of the grid capacity, market structure can keep all the
participants in the market motivated through fair competition. Centralized decision-making will only prevent
investments in the transmission industry and slow down enhancement of new technologies. Therefore,
any market model for the transmission network must ensure fair competition in a very non-cooperative
environment by maximizing the use of available capacity of the lines.
POSTER-B.33 Short-Term Forecasting of Municipal Load Through a Kalman Filtering Based
Approach
Massimo Gastaldi, University of LʼAquila; R. Lamedica, University of Rome ʻʼLa
Sapienzaʼʼ; A. Nardecchia, A. Prudenzi, University of LʼAquila
The paper illustrates some results of a research activity in the field of electric short-term load forecasting
(STLF) applied to load areas of municipal or regional extension. To this aim a forecasting procedure has
been implemented that is based on time series (univariate) model using a Kalman filtering approach. The
model has been applied to data available for a municipal electric utility in Italy. The results thus obtained
are reported in the paper and discussed. Some guidelines are finally deduced for further research work still
required in this specific field of forecasting problems.
POSTER-B.34 A Dispatch Strategy for an Interline Power Flow Controller Operating at Rated
Capacity
Xuan Wei, Joe H. Chow, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Bruce Fardanesh, Manhattan
College/New York Power Authority; Abdel-Aty Edris, Electric Power Research Institute
The maximum dispatch bene?t of an Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) often occurs when it operates
at its rated capacity and line ?ow setpoint regulation is no longer possible. This paper uses injected voltage
sources to directly model an IPFC and impose the rating limits in a Newton-Raphson load?ow algorithm. A
dispatch strategy is proposed for an IPFC operating at rated capacity, in which the power circulation between
the two series converters is used as the parameter to optimize the voltage profile and power transfer. Voltage
stability curves for two test systems are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of this proposed strategy.
POSTER-B.35 Digital Power Conversion System Based on a Sigma-Delta Modulator Linear Model
Giuseppe Capponi, Patrizia Livreri, Giuseppe Di Blasi, Università di Palermo; Filippo
Marino, STMicroelectronics
This paper presents a new linear model for the Sigma-Delta modulator, based on modeling the nonlinear
quantizer with a linear factor, and its input-to-output transfer function is given. The use of a 1-bit Sigma-
Delta modulator in dc/dc power converter systems permits to implement a complete digital control. Results
of an investigation from a prototype for a DC-DC converter are here reported. Using of a field programmable
gate array allows implementing a simple variable control function. The modulator output produces a variable-
frequency variable duty-ratio signal to control the switching power transistors.

48
POSTER-B.36 A Modified Harmonic Current Vector Method for Harmonic Contribution
Determination
Bostjan Blazic, Tomaz Pfajfar, Igor Papic, University of Ljubljana
This paper deals with the determination of customer contributions to harmonic distortion at the point of
connection to the utility network. The approach proposed in this paper is derived from the common power
factor practice where a load should be fully compensated at the fundamental frequency and therefore seen
as resistive from the network. This principle can be expanded to the whole frequency spectrum claiming
the load to be resistive at all harmonic frequencies. The presented solution is based on the harmonic current
vectors method where resistance is introduced as the customer reference impedance. The resistance value
is calculated from measurements data. The presented method allows calculation of customer side harmonic
sources without knowing the actual impedances; it enables the evaluation of unsuitable impedances, e.g.
resonance conditions causing the amplification of harmonics.
POSTER-B.37 Selecting a Fuzzy Aggregation Operator for the Multi-Criteria Fault Location
Problem
Jun Li, Karen Butler-Purry, Carl L. Benner, B. Don Russell, Reza Langari, Texas A&M
University
Many problems in science and engineering fields involve decision-making. Usually these decision-making
processes are based on several criteria that represent various expertsʼ knowledge. Multi-criteria decision-
making (MCDM), however, may not provide sharp boundaries to classify candidates as belonging to single
categories. To solve problems with criteria without sharp boundaries, fuzzy logic is a good tool to deal with.
Hence, fuzzy logic-based multi-criteria decision-making (FMCDM) is an effective tool. A new fault location
method for radial distribution systems uses the FMCDM process to determine possibility values for each
line section in a distribution system. The possibility values represent the possibility of a fault being present
on a particular line section. In the FMCDM process, fuzzy aggregation operators are needed to combine the
multiple possibility values into an aggregated value. Often fuzzy aggregation operators are selected to solve
these problems without considering information reflecting in the possibility values, and this information is
related to the characteristic of the decision-making process. In this paper, the authors discuss a process for
selecting aggregation operators to solve the multi-criteria fault location problem taking into account the
characteristics of the decision-making process.
POSTER-B.38 Design of UPFC Controllers for a Multimachine System
M. L. Kothari, Neelima Tambey, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
This paper presents a comprehensive approach for the design of UPFC controllers (i.e. power flow controller,
DC voltage regulator and damping controller) for a multimachine system. UPFC controllers have been
designed in the presence of conventional PSS. The interaction between the UPFC controllers and PSS has
been studied. Investigations reveal that the system damping gets adversely affected with the incorporation of
DC voltage regulator. Investigations have been carried out to understand relative effectiveness of modulation
of the UPFC control signals (mB, dB, mE and dE) on damping of the system oscillations using controllability
index. Studies reveal that the UPFC based damping controller considering modulation of control parameter
mB is most effective in damping the oscillations.
POSTER-B.39 Construction of Representative Networks Considering Investment Scenarios Based
on Reference Network Concept
Koji Kawahara, Fukuyama university; Goran Strbac, Ron Allan, University of Manchester
Institute of Science and Technology
Distribution systems are inherent monopolies and therefore these have generally been regulated in order to
protect customers and to ensure cost-effective operation. In the UK this is one of the functions of OFGEM
(Office of Gas and Electricity Markets). Initially the regulation was based on the value of assets but there is a
trend nowadays towards performance-based regulation. In order to achieve this, a methodology is needed that
enables the reliability performance associated with alternative investment strategies to be compared with the
investment cost of these strategies. At present there is no accepted approach for such assessments. Building
on the concept of reference networks proposed in [1, 2] this paper describes how these networks can be used
to assess the impact that performance driven investment strategies will have on the improvement in reliability
indices. The method has been tested using the underground and overhead part of a real system.

49
POSTER-B.40 Power Quality Problem Classification Using Wavelet Transformation and Artificial
Neural Networks
Worapon Kanitpanyacharoean, Chiang Mai University; Suttichai Premrudeepreechacharn,
North College Chiang Mai
This paper presents a classification method for power quality problems in electrical power systems. To
improve the electric power quality, sources of disturbances must be known and controlled. Power quality
disturbance waveform recognition is often troublesome because it involves a broad range of disturbance
categories or classes. This is a study of power quality problem classification using wavelet transformation
and artificial neural networks. After training neural networks, the weight and bias is obtained for using to
classify the power quality problems. The combined wavelet transformation with neural networks is able to
classify all 6 types for power quality problems correctly.
POSTER-B.41 Fuzzy Recognition System for Power Quality Events Using Spline Wavelet
E. Latha Mercy, S. Arumugam, S. Chandrasekar, Government College of Technology
In this paper we present a new approach to detect, localize and classify the power quality events. It is a two-
stage method in which a spline wavelet transform is used to generate a set of optimal feature vector in the
first stage. In second stage, a fuzzy logic-based pattern recognition system is used to classify the various
disturbance wave form generated due to power quality violations. The disturbance frequency components
are accurately extracted by using spline wavelet. Using this feature power frequency and low frequency
disturbances are accurately classified. Instant of occurrence and duration of the power disturbance events are
also calculated using spline wavelet.
POSTER-B.42 Contingency Ranking for Voltage Stability Analysis of Large-Scale Power Systems
Majid Poshtan, Petroleum Institute; Parviz Rastgoufard, Brij N. Singh, Tulane University
In this paper we propose a screening method and suitable software program to analyze contingencies
and their impact on static voltage stability in large power systems. The program substantially reduces the
number of load flow simulation for contingency analysis and voltage stability studies and is based on the
impact of the contingency on the load, and the available Mega Watt Margin (MWM). The program provides
initially a ranking scheme for first and second level contingencies by comparing their loadability with
the maximum loadability of the system. It then makes a short list of important contingencies for detailed
analysis. Contingencies that result in a larger reduction of maximum loadability are placed in Unacceptable
Contingency Category, whereas, the contingencies pertaining to smaller reduction are put in Acceptable
Contingency Category. The contingencies falling in between acceptable and Unacceptable categories are
termed as Significant Contingencies and are placed in third category. The proposed method is tested first
by the IEEE 118-bus Test System, and then is applied to study a large-scale real power system with 25,000
buses. The program considers the var limit of the synchronous generators and switching scheme for the
capacitor banks.
POSTER-B.43 Application of Intelligent Control Agents in Power Systems with Distributed
Generators
Amer Al-Hinai, Ali Feliachi, West Virginia University
This paper introduces the application of intelligent agents to the control and operation of distribution
systems that contain distributed generators (DGs). The proposed control architecture is hierarchical with one
supervisor that optimizes the overall process and a distributed number of local control agents associated with
each DG. Control and protection actions need a fast reaction time and are taken by the control agents. They
consist of fixed sets of parameters. Coordination, modifications of the criteria and parameters for the control
and protection equipment, are performed at the control center. The proposed intelligent control agent based
architecture is illustrated using a test system with two microturbines as DGs.

50
 Monday, October 11
POSTER-B Surge Protective Devices (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 16:30 - 18:30
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Chair: Jerry Heydt, Arizona State University
POSTER-B.44 New Distribution Class Arrester Ground Lead Disconnector Design Enhances
Detonation Reliability and Improves Arrester Performance
Dennis Lenk, Hubbell Power Systems
This paper examines performance characteristics of existing distribution class arrester ground lead
disconnecting devices. The paper also introduces a new Distribution Class ground lead disconnector design
that not only extends the claimable detonation range well below the 20 amps specified in industry standards,
but is very durable when exposed to severe arrester durability tests. Finally, this paper shows how this next
generation disconnector interacts with the connected arrester to improve the overvoltage withstand capability
of the arrester assembly.

51
 Monday, October 11
POSTER-B Power System Dynamic Performance B (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 16:30 - 18:30
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Chair: Juan J. Sanchez-Gasca, GE Energy
POSTER-B.45 Multiple Oscillation Stabilizing Control
Meng Yue, Brookhaven National Laboratory; Robert Schlueter, Michigan State University;
Mohamad Azarm, Robert Bari, Brookhaven National Laboratory
This paper presents a strategy that may be used to guide stabilizing control design for multiple oscillations,
which are difficult to control using conventional control design procedures. A multiple oscillation phenomena
is observed in an example power system. A local bifurcation and an interarea bifurcation develop in an
example power system due to multiple bifurcation parameter variations. The dynamic behaviors of the
bifurcating system are complex due to the overlapping of the two different bifurcation subsystems and are
shown to be difficult to control. The double bifurcations are studied in this paper and in order to stabilize them,
three kind of µ-synthesis robust controls are designed, (a) µ-synthesis power system stabilizer (MPSS); (b) µ-
synthesis SVC control (MSVC); and (c) a mixed MPSS/MSVC control. Based on the bifurcation subsystem
analysis, the measurement signals and locations of the controls are selected. The control performances of
three kind of controls are evaluated and compared. The conclusions are given according to the analysis and
time simulation results.
POSTER-B.46 Implementation of Advanced Genetic Algorithm to Modern Power System
Stabilization Control
Komsan Hongesombut, Yasunori Mitani, Kyushu Institute of Technolgoy
This paper focuses on the use of advanced techniques in genetic algorithm for solving power system
stabilization control problems. At the outset, the proposed hierarchical genetic algorithm (HGA) and parallel
micro genetic algorithm (parallel micro-GA) are proposed and then they will be extended to solve two
example problems. In the first example, these techniques are applied to simultaneously tune power system
stabilizers (PSSs). The PSSs are optimally tuned to simultaneously shift the lightly damped and undamped
oscillation modes to a stable zone in the s-plane and to self identify the appropriate PSS locations. In second
example, parallel micro-GA is used to design the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) of STATCOM. The applied
technique for designing a FLC helps us save time and does not require experts for designing. From these
results, we can see that these advanced techniques provide enhanced versatility for solving problems in
power system stabilization control.
POSTER-B.47 A New Fuzzy Logic Power System Stabilizer Performances
Manuela Dobrescu, Innocent Kamwa, Hydro-Quebec Research Institute
This paper describes the performances of a new power system stabilizer, the Fuzzy Logic PSS (FLPSS). It is
basically a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) type FLPSS with adjustable gains added outside in order
to keep a simple structure. The FLPSS uses the generator speed deviation as primary input from which the
accelerating power is derived as a secondary input. In order to validate the FLPSS, it has been compared
with two reference stabilizers, the IEEE PSS4B and IEEE PSS2B from the IEEE Std 421.5. Conclusions are
supported by a range of small and large signal analyses, performed on a four machine two areas test system
(with two configurations).
POSTER-B.48 Robust PSS Tuning Through Multiobjective Optimization
Amer Hasanovic, Ali Feliachi, West Virginia University
This paper presents a technique for PSS design which is based on multiobjective optimization. The technique
has the ability to tune multiple PSS controllers by simultaneously enhancing the damping based performance
index and robustness index specified via the ||H||~us~infinity norm of the system. To illustrate the proposed
design technique two case studies are presented, including a two-area benchmark system and a fifty-machine
test system. To allow the proposed tools to be applied for PSS control design, the authors developed a
MATLAB interface to the Micro-GA optimization solver.

52
POSTER-B.49 Modeling and Co-Simulation of AC Generator Excitation and Governor Systems
Using Simulink Interfaced to PSS/E
Kah Leong Koo, Shaw Power Technologies International
This paper presents a method for modeling AC generator excitation and governor systems using Matlab/
Simulink for utilization in a dynamic co-simulation with a power system planning package PSS/E.
Traditionally, modeling goes through a process of understanding the dynamics of the models and deriving the
appropriate set of differential and algebraic equations which are then translated to a set of codes for solving
computationally. For fundamental network elements, this remains an effective method of doing so. However,
in an engineering environment for particular models prone to change from engineering design stand point, it
would be a vast advantage to be able to perform this process quickly and effectively in order to validate these
models and utilize them quickly in a power system analysis. Here, an interface between PSS/E and Matlab/
Simulink allows models created in the Matlab/Simulink to be co simulated as part of a network in PSS/E.
POSTER-B.50 Managing Oscillatory Stability Using On-Line Dynamics Measurements
Douglas Wilson, Psymetrix Limited
This paper presents a new solution for management of the risk of oscillatory instability. The technique
combines a measurement-based stability indication method with high-quality wide-area monitoring. The
system provides information to localize poorly damped oscillations, identify causal factors and propose
appropriate responses. Depending on the risks presented, the actions may be real-time control actions, or off-
line analysis leading to targeted control design review. The conceptual basis and the practical implementation
of the technique are presented.
POSTER-B.51 Conformity Evaluation Method of Power Plants Performance for Grid Stability
Gérard Robert, Bruno Prestat, EDF R&D
In a deregulated electricity market, grid connections require a contract between the electricity producers
and the Transmission System Operator (TSO) to guarantee the power generation reliability. To comply with
TSOʼs rules, EDF Producer checks performance of its power plants with periodical tests. For nuclear plants,
a conformity evaluation method has been applied. The method is based on measurements and impact analysis
of Influencing Parameters regarding the Reliability of electric system (IPR). EDF Producer has to inform the
TSO of a significant IPR deviation and its impact on the plant performance. In order to support its official
appraisal on the impact of drifted IPR, EDF R&D has developed a tool named DEPISTE which compares,
through simulations, the stability performance with reference IPR and drifted IPR parameters.
POSTER-B.52 Characterization of Nonlinear Modal Interaction Using Normal Forms and Hilbert
Analysis
Shu Liu, Iowa State University; Arturo R. Messina, Cinvestav; Vijay Vittal, Iowa State
University
In this paper, normal form (NF) theory and Hilbertspectral analysis are used to characterize and quantify
nonlinear modal interaction in stressed power systems. The method of NF is utilized to obtain a second-order
approximation to system behavior following large disturbances. Based on this representation, nonlinear
interaction measures are obtained to assess the extent and distribution of nonlinearity in the system. Hilbert
spectral analysis is then applied to characterize and quantify the time evolution of the modulation process
directly from the simulated power system data obtained from transient stability simulations as well as to
validate normal form results. The use of the analysis methods is demonstrated on a 11-bus, 4-machine test
system. Examples of application of the developed approaches are given to determine the strength of nonlinear
interactions in power system behavior, and estimating the distribution of nonlinearity in the system states.
The results of the simulations show that the combined application of these techniques leads to a more in depth
analysis of system behavior.

53
POSTER-B.53 An Extension of Feedback-Feedforward Technique to Input-Output Feedback
Linearization
Enrico De Tuglie, Giuseppe Patrono, Francesco Torelli, Politecnico di Bari
Large scale systems, such as interconnected power systems, need to be described in a more accurate form than
in the past allowing the overexploitation of system resources. Not negligible nonlinear phenomena increase
computational complexity especially for what control system design concerns. Classical control design,
based on linearization techniques has become no more suitable to take into account strong nonlinear effects
and unmodeled dynamics while input-output feedback linearization shows computational difficulties as the
order of the system to be linearized increases. In this paper the classical feedback-feedforward technique
for linear systems has been applied to a particular cascade connection of an input-output linearized system
feeded by a linear system. The proposed approach achieves perfect tracking for the linearized model and an
overall reduction in computational effort.
POSTER-B.54 A Small Signal Stability Performance Boundary for Direct Load Control
Badri Ramanathan, Vijay Vittal, Iowa State University
This paper deals with the problem of determining a boundary of small-signal stability performance of a
power system in terms of active power loads selected at a few buses. The boundary could be used to schedule
the operation of loads such that a desired small-signal stability performance is satisfied over a period of time.
Such a scheme for direct control of loads from a central control center could be employed at times when the
system is vulnerable. The underlying analysis in forming the above boundary is based on Structured Singular
Value (SSV or µ) framework. This paper presents the detailed development of the analysis framework and
results on the Nordic32 [14] test system.
POSTER-B.55 Machine Learning Approach to Power System Dynamic Security Analysis
T. Niimura, H. S. Ko, H. Xu, University of British Columbia; Ali Moshref, Kip Morison,
Powertech Labs, Inc.
In this paper, the authors present a pattern-learning/recognition approach for dynamic security classification
using neural networks with a limited number of input data. The input is a set of data representing the pre-
contingency power system state (voltages, angles, etc.), and the output is the possible system status (stable/
unstable) after contingency. Data clustering is applied to reduce the number of input representing the cases.
The reduced input data are then used to train the neural network that learns the input patterns for a possible
post-contingency status. The overall accuracy of the classification is considered to be reasonable for a
practical-scale power system application.
POSTER-B.56 Decision Tree Based Oscillatory Stability Assessment for Large Interconnected Power
Systems
Simon P. Teeuwsen, University of Duisburg-Essen; István Erlich, Universität Duisburg-
Essen; Mohamed A. El-Sharkawi, University of Washington
This paper deals with a new method for eigenvalue prediction of critical stability modes of power systems
based on decision trees. Special interest is focused on inter-area oscillations of large-scale interconnected
power systems. The existing methods for eigenvalue computations are time-consuming and require the entire
system model that includes an extensive number of states. However, using decision trees, the oscillatory
stability can be predicted based on a few selected inputs. Hereby, the outputs of the tree are assigned to the
damping ratio of the critical inter-area eigenvalues. Decision trees are fast, easy to train and provide high
accuracy for eigenvalue prediction.

54
POSTER-B.57 Robust Recurrent Neural Network-Based Dynamic Equivalencing in Power System
Oscar Yucra Lino, Cinvestav
In this paper a new approach in dynamic equivalencing for power systems using robust recurrent artificial
neural networks (ANN) as nonlinear dynamic equivalent is proposed as new alternative to the conventional
way in dynamic equivalencing. The classical steps to generate dynamic equivalents are replaced by the
robustly trained recurrent ANN taking into consideration a nearly global training process, in which the effect
of the disturbance influence of the internal area on the external area has to be considered. The proposed
approach is based on the nonlinear modeling and identification of dynamic systems for forming robust
dynamic equivalents in large interconnected power systems which can be applied to transient stability studies.
Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness, high accuracy and robustness of this approach on different
large multi-machine power systems with 2 to 8 boundary nodes between the internal and external area.
POSTER-B.58 Neuro-Fuzzy Dual Input Power System Stabilizer for a Multi-Machine System
Avdhesh Sharma, J. N. V. University; M. L. Kothari, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
In this paper a novel technique for real-time tuning of the parameters of the dual input power system
stabilizers in a multi-machine system using neuro-fuzzy system, is presented. A systematic approach for
generating training patterns and training of the neuro-fuzzy system is presented. Investigations reveal that
the performance of neuro-fuzzy dual input power system stabilizers in a multi-machine system is quite robust
under wide variations in loading conditions.
POSTER-B.59 A Systematic Approach to Controller Design for SVC to Enhance Damping of Power
System Oscillations
Ruhua You, M. Hashem Nehrir, Montana State University
This paper describes a systematic approach to design of a supplementary controller for Static VAR
Compensator (SVC) to improve the damping of power system oscillatory modes. This problem is analyzed
from the control point of view. The reduced order model of the power system is obtained using Prony
identification method; the residue and root locus methods are then used for the controller design and selection
of the input signal to the controller. Dynamic simulations were performed to investigate the effect of SVC
controller in increasing system small signal stability, as well as increasing the damping of inter-area modes
when SVC is used in combination with PSSs under large disturbances.
POSTER-B.60 A Modal Analysis of a Two-Area System with Significant Wind Power Penetration
Juan Sanchez-Gasca, Nicholas Miller, William Price, GE Energy
This paper presents the results of an investigation aimed at ascertaining the effect that a sizeable wind farm
exerts on the oscillation modes of a two-area, four-generator power system. The modal characteristics of
the system, when a wind farm replaces one of the generators, are analyzed. With utilities increasing power
exchanges over a fixed network, obtaining insights into the effect that new technologies have on such
phenomena is an important area of investigation.
POSTER-B.61 Stability Control Using Pebs Method and Analytical Sensitivity of the Transient
Energy Margin
Hongbiao Song, Mladen Kezunovic, Texas A&M University
This paper introduces a stability control scheme based on a Lyapunov direct method, the Potential Energy
Boundary Surface (PEBS) method, and analytical sensitivity of the transient energy margin. It classifies
the stability control means into two categories, admittance-based control (ABC) and generator input-based
control (GIBC), and uses a comprehensive method to analyze the contribution of each control. The scheme
can get the optimal control from all the available control means by sensitivity analysis and then verify it in the
transient stability program. Fast and accurate control goal is obtained from this stability control scheme.

55
POSTER-B.62 Composite Neural Network Load Models for Power System Stability Analysis
Ali Keyhani, Wenzhe Lu, Ohio State University; Gerald T. Heydt, Arizona State
University
Proper load models are essential to power system stability analysis. This paper proposes a methodology for
the development of neural network (NN) based composite load models for power system stability analysis.
A two-step modeling procedure is proposed. First knowledge is acquired from a test bed of power systems
based on detail load models of a bus to the distribution level. Then, the test bed data is used to develop a
composite NN model. The developed NN model is updated based on measurements. A case study on a power
inverter controling an induction motor load is presented.
POSTER-B.63 Decentralized Backstepping Control of Power Systems with Observation Decoupled
State Space Method
Ali Karimi, Karl Schoder, Ali Feliachi, West Virginia University
This paper proposes a backstepping technique for designing excitation controller to enhance the transient
stability of multi-machine power systems under different contingencies, while maintaining terminal voltage
at prefault nominal value by adding automatic voltage regulator to controller. The Observation Decoupled
State Space (ODSS) is used to obtain the states locally. Two cases are considered, a single machine infinite
bus and multi-machine power system. The nonlinear controller achieves good performance in damping rotor
angle oscillation and stabilizing terminal voltages.
POSTER-B.64 A Synthetic System for the Robustness Assessment of Power System Stabilizers
Julio C. R. Ferraz, Nelson Martins, CEPEL; Glauco N. Taranto, COPPE/UFRJ
This paper describes a method for the robustness assessment of the generator-voltage regulator-stabilizer
set of individual power plants in large scale systems. This is carried out using a 2-bus synthetic system,
whose parameters are varied to simulate the presence of electromechanical oscillations over a wide range
of frequencies. The method helps predicting the generator-voltage regulator-stabilizer performance, when
submitted to electromechanical oscillations of different nature (inter-area, local and intra-plant) in the actual
multimachine environment.
POSTER-B.65 A Survey of Current Practices for Transient Voltage Dip/Sag Criteria Related to
Power System Stability
Donald Shoup, John Paserba, Mitsubishi Electric Power Products, Inc; Carson W. Taylor,
Bonneville Power Administration
There is a vast amount of literature dealing with voltage dips/sags related to power quality. The purpose of
this survey, however, is to provide information on transient voltage dip/sag criteria following fault clearing
related to power system stability. Information is included in this paper from utilities, reliability councils,
relevant standards, and industry-related papers. One intention of this paper is to provide information for
power system planning or operating groups of utilities, Independent System Operators (ISOs), or Reliability
Councils seeking to establish such criteria. The material in this survey is based on published criteria from
sources related to system performance, namely NERC (North American Electric Reliability Council), WECC
(Western Electricity Coordinating Council), MAPP (Mid-Continent Area Power Pool), WPSC (Wisconsin
Public Service Corporation), ONS (Electric System National Operator of Brazil), EdF (Electricité de France),
China, TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority), and two sources related to equipment performance, namely ITIC
(Information Technology Industry Council), and SEMI (Semiconductor Equipment and Materials Institute)
F47. Three additional unpublished draft guidelines related to system performance from two North American
utilities, (both in the northeast) and one southwest North American reliability council are also presented.

56
 Monday, October 11
POSTER-B Power Engineering Education (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 16:30 - 18:30
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Chair: Peter W. Sauer, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
POSTER-B.67 Integration of Exist SCADA/EMS with Dispatcher Training Simulator System
Bin Hua, Jianzhong Zhou, Jing Yu, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology
In order to reduce investment, Henan Electric Power Dispatching and Communication Center in China
established a set of Henan Dispatcher Training Simulator (HNDTS) base on its exist SCADA/EMS. The
general configuration and structure of HNDTS is introduced. In order to integrated with exist SCADA/EMS,
the integration method and technique are proposed. Graph data integration is discussed with emphasis. Both
advantages and disadvantages of integration are analyzed. In the end of paper, the requirement for future DTS
is put forward base on the experience of author.
POSTER-B.68 Explore the Power of HDVC Light® - A Web Based System Interaction Tutorial
Stefan G. Johansson, ABB Corporate Research; Lennart K. Carlsson, ABB Power Systems;
Gunnar Russberg, ABB Corporate Research
The benefits of a Voltage Source Converter system as HVDC Light stretches beyond the Conventional HVDC
characteristics. This is particularly visible studying the interaction with the AC system. The differences and
benefits are not widely known within the power industry and effort is made spread this knowledge. The
purpose of this paper is to describe how ABB has utilized the Internet to describe the power system benefits
of HVDC Light in a slightly new approach. A Web-based System Interaction Tutorial is now being developed
and has been publicly launched. The structure and layout differs from traditional ʻpaper basedʼ material. Web
animations has also been developed illustrating certain aspects.
POSTER-B.69 Teaching Renewable Energy Using Multimedia
Biljana Hadzi-Kostova, Zbigniew A. Styczynski, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
In this paper an implementation of an electronic-learning system in the area of renewable energy resources
will be presented. According to written scenarios a six teaching modules in this area of the science are
realised. The structure of the teaching modules will be presented on a few examples. This project, which is a
subject of a university studying programs, is going to be implemented in a special multimedia laboratory as
part of the lecture of renewable energy resources.
POSTER-B.70 Visualization of Electromagnetic Transients Along Transmission Lines
Cansin Y. Evrenosolgu, Ergun Akleman, Ali Abur, Texas A&M University
This paper presents a software tool by which the users can watch animated travelling waves created along
transmission lines as a result of power system disturbances. It is implemented in such a way that the discrete
time samples of voltages and currents which are simulated by the ATP-EMTP program are processed by
this software in order to create the animation. Examples of transients caused by events such as the DC
energization of a single phase transmission line with different line terminations and ground faults occurring
on transmission lines are used to illustrate the capabilities of the software.

57
POSTER-B.71 Interactive Training and Planning Tool Using Web-Based Animations
Paul Bauer, Delft University of Technology; Johan Enslin, KEMA T&D Consulting
Solved animations can provide a better understanding of the status and different network options, compared
to complex simulation or a set of equations. In this paper, examples of such animations for e-learning and
system planning of different network options in a centralized or distributed power system are presented.
Power electronics based compensators are introduced in the form of a new web-based, software planning
tool. Power flow congestion and the impact of power electronic compensators on the system, including
detailed operations of power electronic based compensators are presented. These compensators include
SVCs, Active Filters, DVRs and electronic tap changers. Using these animated planning tools, both system
level and component level operation of these devices are clearly shown.
POSTER-B.72 Animation Program as a Tool for Teaching Electric Machinesʼ Fundamentals
Soheil Saadat, Manhattan College; Bruce Fardanesh, Manhattan College/New York
Power Authority
Teaching and learning electric machinesʼ fundamentals can be made simpler via visualization tools containing
moving images. Still vector/phasor diagrams do not easily convey the notion of variation in time and space
involved in the inner workings of electric machines. This paper details the capabilities of an animation
computer program that has been developed for use as a teaching tool in electric machinery and power systems
first courses. The program, originally created in 1991, has been recreated and enhanced in a new software
environment. This animation program has been utilized in teaching various related courses and has been well
received by students.

58
 Monday, October 11
POSTER-B Energy Development and Power Generation (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 16:30 - 18:30
Place: Empire State Ballroom E
Chair: Jerry Heydt, Arizona State University
POSTER-B.73 A Voltage Regulation System for Distributed Generation
E. F. Mogos, ENSAM CER Lille; Xavier Guillaud, Ecole Centrale de Lille
Voltage regulation at the point of common coupling (PCC) can increase the penetration level of Distributed
Generation (DG) into the distribution network. This paper deals with a voltage regulation algorithm for a grid-
connected DG, based on active and reactive power control. A review of different DG reactive power control
solutions is made. When the reactive power control is not sufficient to keep the voltage on the appropriate
range, an action on the active power must be considered. Two DG operating modes are identified and two
switching methods between those modes are compared in respect with DG dynamics. The operating modes
switching may induce some oscillations that can be eliminated using an appropriate control algorithm.
POSTER-B.74 Transient Performance and Stability Analysis of a Hybrid Grid-Connected Wind/Pv
System
Li Wang, Kuo-Hua Liu, National Cheng Kung University
This paper presents both stability analyzed results and transient performance of a small hybrid wind/PV
power generation system connected to a low-voltage distribution system. The studied system includes
two identical wind cage-rotor induction generators, a PV module, a battery storage system, and a rectifier-
inverter module. Both simulated and measured transient results of the studied system subject to disturbance
conditions are examined and compared. The required minimum self-excited capacitance of the studied
wind induction generators is also determined. Small-signal stability of the studied system under different
rotor speeds is evaluated using eigenvalue approach. It can be concluded from the analyzed results that
the proposed simulated model is adequate to simulate the performance of the studied practical hybrid grid-
connected wind/PV system.
POSTER-B.75 Excitation Capacitors on Harmonic-Current Amplification of Self-Excited Wind
Induction Generators
Li Wang, Shiang-Shong Chen, National Cheng Kung University
This paper presents the measured electrical quantities of a three-phase ?-connected wind induction generator
(WIG) under sudden connection of static loads. An intelligent power-system recorder/monitor is employed
to measure three-phase voltages and currents of the studied system at WIGʼs terminals and loadʼs terminals
for 5 minutes. A laboratory 300 W wound-rotor induction machine driven by a blushless DC motor is utilized
as the studied WIG. Since the generated harmonic currents are randomly varied, total harmonic distortion
(THD) of current using cumulative probability density function is employed to determine the penetration
of harmonic distortion. The results show that the harmonic currents generated by the studied WIG may be
severely amplified to a high level by the connected self-excited capacitance at the statorʼs terminals.
POSTER-B.76 Analysis of the Prospects for Distributed Generation (DG) for Colombian Electric
Power Sector
E. Marmolejo, C. Duque, M. T. Torres, G. Ramos, A. Torres, Universidad de los Andes
The main aim of this paper is to present the results of an analysis of the prospective for the Distributed
Generation (DG) in the Colombian Electric Power Sector applying the Delphi Technique. This study helped
us understand the expertʼs opinion directly and systematically on the introduction of the DG in fields like:
technology, product innovations, materialization process, effect on the countryʼs political and social situation,
economic, technologic and commercial restrictions. The results of this work are intended to provide support
for the electric and productive sectors to analyze the feasibility of using the DG in the medium and long term
in Colombia, since its application would have a very strong effect on the companyʼs planning and operation
activities regarding electric issues.

59
POSTER-B.77 Dynamic Analysis of an Insulated Distribution Network
Tuan Tran-Quoc, IDEA; Nouredine Hadjsaid, Laboratoire dʼElectrotechnique de
Grenoble; Guillaume Rami, Luong Le-Thanh, Laurent Bernard, Guillaume Verneau, J. L.
Mertz, IDEA; C. Corenwinder, P. Michalak, M. Boll, EDF
This paper presents dynamic analysis of an isolated distribution network. This study has been carried out
in a project looking at the consequences of a high penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) and
distributed generation (DG) [11-12]. A network of a village (200 customers) in isolated mode is used for the
study with DER connected to network via inverters such as micro turbines, fuel cells and storage device.
Several scenarios were used to dynamic simulations such as load and generation variation, starting of LV
motor and short circuit… Influences of various coordinated controls and operating modes on dynamic
behaviours are investigated. The results of this study can be used to specify the service systems in the
future.

60
 Monday, October 11
POSTER-B Insulated Conductors (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 16:30 - 18:30
Place: Empire State Ballroom E
Chair: Jerry Heydt, Arizona State University
POSTER-B.78 What to Do After the Warning of an On-Line Insulation Diagnostic System? Off-line
PD Monitoring with HVAC Testing!
Bernd Kübler, Wolfgang Hauschild, HIGHVOLT Prüftechnik
The paper considers the relation between on-line monitoring and diagnostics on the one hand and high-
voltage (HV) withstand and partial discharge (PD) on-site testing on the other. HV testing supplies the basic
data (fingerprints) for diagnostics. In case of warnings by on-line diagnostic systems, off-line withstand and
PD testing delivers the best possible information about defects and enables the classification of the risk.
Because alternating voltage (AC) is the most important test voltage, the AC generation on site is considered.
Frequency tuned resonant (ACRF) test systems are best adapted to on-site conditions. They can be simply
combined with PD measuring equipment. The available ACRF test systems and their application to electric
power equipment –from cable systems to power transformers – is described.

61
 Monday, October 11
POSTER-B Electric Machinery Analysis and Design (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 16:30 - 18:30
Place: Empire State Ballroom E
Co-Chairs: Osama Mohammed, Florida International University and John Tegopoulos, National
Technical University of Athens
POSTER-B.79 Matlab/Simulink Implementation for Reducing the Motor Derating and Torque
Pulsation of Induction Motor Using Matrix Converter
K. Latha, G. Uma, Anna University; S. Sunter, Firat University
The output voltages of the variable voltage and variable frequency voltage sources employing voltage source
inverter is non sinusoidal. The output current of a variable frequency current source using current source
inverter is also non sinusoidal. When the induction motor is fed by using these inverters odd harmonics will
be present in the input supply, because of these inverters output voltage is non sinusoidal. This harmonics do
not contribute the output power of the motor, they produce additional losses in the machine. This harmonic
losses reduces the efficiency and cause derating of the motor. These limitations can be overcome by using
matrix converter because of its unique feature is pure sinusoidal as output. The matrix converter is superior
than inverter drives because of its regeneration ability and four-quadrant operation. Therefore it meets the
stringent energy efficiency and power quality.
POSTER-B.80 Rotor Configuration Impact on Generator Ventilation Needs
Björn Bolund, Mats Leijon, Uppsala University
Turbogenerators produce a vast portion of the electricity in the world. The cooling and ventilation required
to take care of the excessive heat from the generators are costly. Simulations of three 20 MW / 20 kV
turbogenerators with approximately the same weight but with different stator and rotor configurations have
been made. One conventional, one high voltage and one permanent magnet high voltage turbogenerator have
been compared. Losses can be cut down considerably by, replacing the electromagnets on the rotor with
permanent magnets and switch from an air-cooled stator to a water-cooled high voltage stator. Simulations
show that for a 20 MW / 20 kV turbogenerator the total losses can be cut down by up to 69% as compared to
a conventional generator of the same size.
POSTER-B.81 On-Line Hydrogenerator Power Angle and Synchronous Reactances Determination
Based on Air Gap Measurement
Marin Despalatovic, Martin Jadric, Bozo Terzic, University of Split; Josip Macan, Peruca
HEPP, Croatian Electric Utility Public Service
This paper presents a method for the power angle determination of the salient-pole synchronous machine
from the terminal voltage and air gap measurement. The method is developed as a part of a monitoring
system that is installed on the 26 MVA generator of the Peruca hydroelectric power plant in Croatia. The raw
signal of the air gap sensor is used to detect the rotor displacement referenced to the fundamental component
of the terminal voltage. The method is proved by comparing it to another measurement of the generator
power angle based on a tooth gear mounted on the rotor shaft. In addition, the on-line determination of the
synchronous reactances in the q- and d-axis was performed and saturation effects were also considered.
POSTER-B.82 Grid Connected Variable Speed Wind Turbine Modeling, Dynamic Performance and
Control
Antonios E. Haniotis, Konstantinos S. Soutis, Antonios G. Kladas, John A. Tegopoulos,
National Technical University of Athens
In this paper the electrical part of a grid connected variable speed wind turbine is considered, equipped
with a permanent magnet synchronous generator. The modeling of the generator and power converter,
ensuring the connection to the grid, are checked experimentally on a prototype, both for dynamic system
analysis and operating limits investigation. Measurements as well as control functions are performed by
using a microprocessor. The simulation and experimental results are used in the development of a 25 kW
windturbine, in the frame of a research project.

62
POSTER-B.83 Behaviour of Induction Machine Under Various Dynamic Conditions When Operating
as an Induction Generator
Jagdish Rathod, Umedbhai Patel, Pankaj Jain, Niranjankumar V, Nirma Institute of
Technology
In this paper MATLAB[3] programming results are shown for Induction Machine under three different
dynamic conditions: (a) Motoring Mode to Generating Mode (b) Sudden Load Change in Generating Mode
(c) Three phase Fault in Generating Mode in stationary reference frame as well as in synchronously rotating
reference frame.
POSTER-B.84 Hysteresis and Bifurcations in the Classical Model of Generator
Krishna K. Singh, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
The single machine operating onto an infinite bus is analyzed for its nonlinear dynamics using the classical
model. Many aspects of limit cycle oscillations, bifurcation and hysteresis in the system are brought to
attention that were not known in the context of a power generator. A parameter graph that determines the
nature of the dynamics for a given mechanical power at a given damping coefficient of the rotor is provided
which helps determine the precise parameter values where hysteresis effects are to be expected.
POSTER-B.85 Physical Modeling of Electric Machines for Motor Drive System Simulation
Osama Mohammed, Shuo Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Florida International University
This paper discusses the issues related to the physical modeling of electric machines. The concept of physical
modeling is introduced through reviewing the assumptions made in ideal models. In addition to the FE
models, a physical phase variable model is proposed. The inductances as well as flux linkages are calculated
from nonlinear transient FE solutions. Simulink implementations of both FE model and the phase variable
model are studied. A PM synchronous motor and a PM brushless motor are used as objects of this research.
The physical models of them are built and applied to various motor drive simulation systems. The obtained
results show the ability of physical modeling in obtaining accurate results at much more faster speed.
POSTER-B.86 Electric Arc Furnace Impact on Generator Torque
Mark Baldwin, Virginia Tech
Electric Arc Furnaces draw power in pulses at approximately 5-6 Hz. This pulsing load is generally modeled
as step-load-step-unload where the step is a complete load and complete unload. This step in power creates a
step in the electrical torque of a generator supplying electricity to the electric arc furnace. This step in torque
creates a torsional interaction that can be potentially damaging to interconnecting shafts and possibly other
parts of the generator rotor train. In the worst case the generator would be completely loaded and completely
unloaded during each pulse. This paper presents a description of a simple system that could be used to
investigate this torsional response. PSCAD/EMTDC is used as the tool to perform this investigation. The
simulation results and possible prescriptions are presented.

63
 Monday, October 11
POSTER-B Power System Operations B (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 16:30 - 18:30
Place: Empire State Ballroom E
Chair: Jerry Heydt, Arizona State University
POSTER-B.87 New Real Time Market Applications at the California Independent System Operator
(CAISO)
Janice Huang, Preetham Yalla, Taiyou Yong, ABB, Inc.; Greg Ford, Mark Rothleder,
California ISO
This paper describes the operation of the new realtime energy market at CAISO. The new real-time market
utilizes the Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) and Security Constrained Economic Dispatch
(SCED) programs to optimally determine resource commitments and dispatch schedules while observing
resource and system real-time constraints [1]. The SCED calculates three prices: the dispatch interval ex-
post market clearing price (MCP) and two weightedaverage prices based on the dispatch interval ex-post
MCP. This paper describes the scheduling activities of the CAISO new realtime market followed by the
major scheduling applications. The scheduling market timeline and scheduling application interfaces are also
described.
POSTER-B.88 Research on a New Compensation Mode in MV Power Network
Lian Hongbo, Tan Weipu, Li Wenfeng, Yang Yihan, North China Electric Power
University
Aiming at overcoming the deficiency of the current compensation modes in MV power networks, this article
proposes a new compensation mode that is a mode of the combination of presetting mode and following-
setting mode. In this compensation mode, the Petersen coil is preset to some place that is about 15% over
compensation when the network is on the normal state, and the Petersen coil is quickly following-set to
the full compensation point when some single-phase-to-ground fault occurs. This article then analyses the
principle of the arc-suppression. This compensation mode is already tested on the 10kV high voltage physical
simulation system, which testifies the validity and reliability of this mode. This compensation mode can make
the best of the Petersen coil and improve the arcsuppression ability of the Petersen coil. It can also make the
fault-line selection more easily, and then it can enhance the security and reliability of the power networks.
POSTER-B.89 A Fuzzy Based Technique for Unit Commitment
C. Indhumathi, E. Latha Mercy, Government College of Technology; S. Ravichandran,
Tamil Nadu Electricity Board
A work on fuzzy logic based technique for solving the problem of unit commitment in any electric utility is
presented in this paper. Fuzzy logic is selected because of its capability of qualitative representation of the
results in terms of input variables. The most economic operating schedule and all the feasible schedules and
their respective cost of operation are calculated. A four-unit system is considered as an example and the above
mentioned values were computed.
POSTER-B.90 Bidding Market Based on Single Price Model with Network Constraints
Suguru Fukutome, Tsunehisa Wachi, JP Business Service Corporation; Luonan Chen,
Osaka Sangyo University; Yoshinori Makino, Gentarou Koshimizu, Chigasaki Research
Institute
This paper aims to develop a single price auction model with AC transmission network for Electricity Market
in Japan, based on the principle of maximizing social surplus. Specifically, we first formulate the auction
market as a nonlinear optimization problem, which has almost the same form as the conventional optimal
power flow problem, and then propose an algorithm to derive both market clearing price and trade volumes
of participants even for the case of market-splitting. As indicated in the paper, the proposed approach can be
used not only for the price evaluation of auction or bidding market but also for analysis of bidding strategy
and congestion management. Several numerical examples are used to demonstrate effectiveness of our
method.

64
POSTER-B.91 Clustering Bus Load Curves
Ricardo Menezes Salgado, Takaaki Ohishi, Rosangela Ballini, State University of
Campinas
This paper proposes the clustering of a set of busses through a fuzzy c-means clustering approach. The
utilization of fuzzy techniques in a clustering problem aims the attainment of a partition fuzzy in the data
set, allowing degrees of relationship between different elements of the set, this way, an element can belong
to more than one group with different membership value. In this paper the clustering algorithm aims at
exploring data characteristics and determining groups composed by busses with similar bus daily load.
Results show the efficiency of the clustering method, where the data was classified into distinct groups such
as: commercial, residential and industrial consumption profiles.
POSTER-B.92 Operation Policies for Hydropower Systems: Using the Unsupervised SONARX
Neural Network
Rodrigo Sacchi, Adriano A. F. M. Carneiro, University of São Paulo; Aluizio F. R. Araújo,
Federal University of Pernambuco
The optimal behavior of the Hydropower Plants (HPʼs) depends as much on the relative position of each
station throughout the cascade as on the relation between them. The main purpose of this work is to apply
the Kohonen Selforganizing Map network (SOM) with Dynamic System Models, in the learning of these
relations, objectifying its usage to simulate the optimal operation of a real hydroelectric power system:
seven big HPʼs placed on the Brazilian southeast system. This model is an unsupervised version of the
NARX model; which has been called Self-organized model or network (SONARX), capable of processing
space-time patterns. The tests showed that the neural predictor has a high tendency towards the results of
the deterministic optimization, optimizing the usage of the available water resources for electrical energy
generation.
POSTER-B.93 Events Classification and Operation States Considering Terrorism in Security
Analysis
Alvaro Torres Macías, Carolina Tranchita Rativa, Universidad de los Andes
Security assessment has been related to contingencies produced by internal causes, such as operating
failures or external, such as short-circuit caused by incidental atmospheric conditions in system components.
However, terrorism actions could be considered as the largest threat to the power infrastructure in some
countries. The robustness and security of a power system has to be related to the ability of the system to
support contingencies due to terrorism actions. Therefore, methods and techniques should be developed
with the main aim of improving power system security against terrorism. To collaborate to this effort this
paper proposes an extension of a well known classification of events and operating states. A classification
that includes internal and external natural and unnatural or man caused events is important for proposing
new security analysis methods that consider event uncertainties. Natural events are mainly random while
unnatural event uncertainty are ambiguous, vague or confuse and some kind of expert elicitation should be
applied. In Colombia during year 2002 about 500 towers were destroyed by terrorists. These kinds of events
are the main cause of security problems in the power system.
POSTER-B.94 Voltage Stability Assessment by Fast Time Domain Simulation and Interior-Point
Optimal Power Flow
Augusto C. C. de Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Djalma M. Falcão,
Glauco N. Taranto, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Geraldo L. Torres,
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
The paper describes the use of fast time domain simulation and optimal power flow tools for voltage stability
assessment, aiming at increasing the voltage stability margin of a power system for a given operating condition
and network topology. First, the fast time simulator is applied to analyze the most critical contingencies that
can occur in the system. Then, a modal analysis is performed in order to determine the participation factor
of each generator and load in the voltage instability. These participation factors are then used to define a
priority list for the optimal power flow tool to re-dispatch the active power generation and minimize the load
shedding. The proposed methodology is tested on the New England test system and on a reduced system
derived from the Brazilian South-Southeast system.

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POSTER-B.95 A Probabilistic Approach of Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI) to Determine
Possibility of Market Power Acquisition
Anil Kanagala, Mandhir Sahni, Siddharth Sharma, Bei Guo, University of Texas, Arlington;
Jun Yu, Electric Reliability Council of Texas
This paper presents a probabilistic approach of the application of the Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI) for
the estimation of market concentration. A region of uncertainty in terms of the HHI is defined, the probability
of any market participant acquiring market power is estimated, and a trend for this probability with the
changes of HHI is identified by the analytical approach. The analysis is supported by simulation results of
different markets with various numbers of participants. The probability of any market participant acquiring
market power is seen to rise exponentially until it saturates at the upper limit.
POSTER-B.96 Primal and Dual Stochastic Dynamic Programming in Long Term Hydrothermal
Scheduling
Luciana Martinez, Federal University of Bahia; Secundino Soares, State University of
Campinas
This work presents a comparative study between primal and dual stochastic dynamic programming in the
hydrothermal scheduling problem. The comparison is made by simulation using historical inflows records of
Brazilian hydroelectric system, to the specific case of systems comprising a single hydro plant. The stochastic
variable of the system is modeled by a lag-one parametric autoregressive model. In the case of the dual
approach, a parametric autoregressive model of superior order is also considered. Results have demonstrated
that the performance of the primal and dual stochastic dynamic programming is not similar.
POSTER-B.97 Fuzzy Logic Approach for Generation Dispatch of Electric Power System with
Conflicting Objectives
Yadwinder Brar, Giani Zail Singh College of Engineering & Technology; Jaspreet Dhillon,
SHSL Central Institute of Engineering & Technology; Dwarkadas Kothari, Indian Institute
of Technology, Delhi
An interactive fuzzy satisfying method is presented for solving multi-objective thermal power dispatch
problem by assuming that the decision maker (DM) has fuzzy goals for each of the objective function. A
multi-objective thermal power dispatch problem minimizes number of objectives viz operating cost, gaseous
emission and security etc. together while allocating the electricity demand among the committed generating
units subject to physical and technological constraints. Generally, multi-objective problems are solved to
generate non-inferior solutions using weighting method. Afterwards the DM is provided with a set of simple
but effective tools to choose the best alternative among non-inferior solutions. The generation of non-inferior
solution requires enormous amount of computation time when the objectives are more than two. In this
paper, weighting method is used to generate non-inferior solutions for DM in which the problem is solved
many times for different set of weights. The ʻbestʼ compromised solution has been obtained by searching
for optimal weight pattern using simplex search method. Fuzzy set theory has been exploited to decide the
ʻpreferredʼ optimal operating point. The non-inferior solution that attains maximum satisfaction level from
the membership functions of the participating objectives has been adjudged the ʻbestʼ solution. The proposed
method circumvents the exhaustive evaluation of complete non-inferior surface needed. The validity of the
proposed method has been demonstrated on an 11 nodes sample system comprising five generators.

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 Monday, October 11
POSTER-B Power System Analysis, Computing and Economics B (Poster)
Time: Monday, October 11, 16:30 - 18:30
Place: Empire State Ballroom E
Chair: Edwin Liu, Nexant
POSTER-B.98 Transitioning the California Market from a Zonal to a Nodal Framework: An
Operational Perspective
Ziad Alaywan, California ISO; Tong Wu, Alex D. Papalexopoulos, ECCO
The California ISO is in the process of migrating from a decentralized and zonal based market system to
a centralized and nodal based market system. This is an effort motivated by the Standard Market Design
proposed by the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and by the operational problems encountered
by the California ISO over the past five years using a zonal-based model. This paper explains why the
California ISO has decided to move from the zonal market system to a nodal market system from an
operational perspective.
POSTER-B.99 The Use of Conduct and Impact Tests in the Mitigation of Market Power
Robert W. de Mello, Ibrahim Mqasqas, New York ISO; Ricardo J. Galarza, PSM
Consulting
Mitigation of supplier offers, to approximate a competitive market outcome, is an appropriate response to
the exercise of market power. Mitigation of competitive market outcomes during times of scarcity, however,
is inappropriate. Such mitigation interferes with the appropriate market signals for the need of investment in
the electrical power system. This paper discusses a two-part test, used at the NYISO to assess the need for
mitigation of energy suppliers, which can make the distinction between scarcity conditions and the exercise
of market power.
POSTER-B.100 The Impact of Contract for Difference on the Market Power in the Restructured
Zhejiang Electricity Market
Li Qi, Texas A&M University; Weidong Huang, Zhejiang Provincial Electric Power
Company
Exercise of market power of electricity companies harms market competition and electricity consumers. This
paper provides some insights into the market power in the restructured Zhejiang electricity market (ZEM)
in China. ZEM is described in various perspectives. Three dominant generation companies in ZEM are most
likely to exercise market power. Two market power measurements, the Herfindal-Hirschman Index (HHI) and
price mark up, are discussed. Based on the real-time market data in 2002, HHI is then calculated to measure
the market power in ZEM. The HHI and the real-time price and demand data show that the market power in
ZEM during 2002 is modest. Contracts for differences (CfDs) in the financial market of ZEM are analyzed
with a particular emphasis on their mitigation on the market power in ZEM. The mitigation is believed to be
one reason of the modest market power in ZEM in 2002.
POSTER-B.101 Analytical Method of Suppliersʼ Behaviors in Electricity Market
Dun-nan Liu, Guang-yu He, Tsinghua University; Rui-qing Li, Shanghai Municipal
Electric Power Company; Xue-qing Chen, Tsinghua University
Basic: The suppliersʼ bidding behaviors are one of the most significant factors which will impact on the market
price. Some kinds of bidding behaviors, such as speculation and collusion, may reduce the performance and
efficiency of electricity market. To identify the bad bidding behaviors and trace out their causation is very
important for the operators of a healthy market. This paper firstly brings forward the main kinds of harmful
bidding behaviors. Then systemically introduces the definition, signification and application of technical
indexes using to analysis the suppliersʼ behaviors, and an example is puts forward to illustrate how to identify
the behavior of collusion with technical indexes. At last it summarizes the influence factors of harmful
behaviors and makes suggestion on how to control and mitigate them. Examples and actual application for an
electricity market in China are presented throughout the paper to illustrate the ideas.

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POSTER-B.103 Quantitative Techniques for Analysis of Large Data Sets in Renewable Distributed
Generation
Aleksandar Pregelj, Miroslav Begovic, Ajeet Rohatgi, Georgia Institute of Technology
Distributed generation (DG) reduces losses and eliminates some of the transmission and distribution costs.
It may also reduce fossil fuel emissions, defer capital costs, and improve the distribution feeder voltage
conditions. The calculation of the effects of small residential photovoltaic (PV) and wind DG systems on
various feeder operating variables is complicated by both the probabilistic nature of their output and the
variety of their possible spatial allocations. A method based on a combination of clustering techniques and a
convex hull algorithm is proposed that may reduce the computational burden by an order of magnitude, while
still allowing accurate estimation of DG-enhanced feeder operation.
POSTER-B.104 A Layered Architecture to Model Interdisciplinary Complexity in the Deregulated
Power Industry
Vijayanand Bharadwaj, Ramana Reddy, Arvinth Chandramouli, Sumitra Reddy, West
Virginia University
The highly interdisciplinary nature of existing deregulated power industries makes research a challenge.
Recognizing the complexity associated with the domain we propose a layered, modular approach to modeling
and studying this domain. Such an approach helps in establishing a clear relationship among the various
engineering and economic aspects of power systems, which is essential to gain insight into the nuances of the
field. In this paper we describe our methodology and provide the architecture for an environment to support
such investigation. With rapid technological advances as well as deregulation of power systems in most parts
of the world we feel that such an approach would be very valuable in studying the various issues of interest.
POSTER-B.105 Characterization and Identification of Electrical Customers Through the Use of Self-
Organizing Maps and Daily Load Parameters
Sergio Valero Verdú, Mario Ortiz García, Universidad Miguel Hernández; Francisco J.
García Franco, Nuria Encinas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Antonio Gabaldón
Marín, Angel Molina, Emilio Gómez Lázaro, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
This paper shows the capacity of modern computational techniques such as the self-organizing map (SOM)
as a methodology to achieve the classification of the electrical customers in a commercial or geographical
area. This approach allows to extract the pattern of customer behavior from historic load demand series.
Several ways of data analysis from load curves can be used to get different input data to “feed” the neural
network. In this work, we propose two methods to improve customer clustering: the use of frequency-based
indices and the use of the hourly load curve. Results of a case study developed on a set of different spanish
customers and a comparison between the two approachs proposed here are presented.
POSTER-B.106 Interpreting GIS Data for Operation and Control of Distribution Networks
Zhenyuan Wang, Danny E. Julian, Martin Bass, William Peterson, ABB, Inc.
This paper introduces a software application to interpret geographic features and attributes of a Geographical
Information System (GIS) in such a way that the interpretation can then be used by electric utility distribution
network management systems that operate and control the electric utility distribution system. The software
application is based on information from a GIS, user-defined rules and mapping relationships to generate
data files in an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) format. By extracting the geographical data from the
GIS, the extracted data can be interpreted using the rules and mapping relationships so that output data can
be created which are useful to modern distribution network management systems. The software application
provides utilities with a data engineering tool that can be used to update their network management systems
from GIS sources.
POSTER-B.107 Power Quality in a Distribution Network After Wind Power Plant Connection
Nijaz Dizdarevic, Energy Institute ʻHRVOJE POZARʼ; Matislav Majstrovic, University of
Split; Srdjan Zutobradic, Energy Institute ʻHRVOJE POZARʼ
Power quality in a distribution network is seen in this paper as a limiting factor of wind power plant (WPP)
connection. Based on computation of short-circuit capacity, the power quality is estimated with respect to
flicker emissions and relative voltage changes caused by the WPP operation. Potential electrical energy
production of a real WPP installation site is related to the power quality problem in surrounding distribution
network. Recognized discrepancy pointed out to a necessity of network reinforcement aimed for improved
short circuit capacity should this installation site be made viable for full utilization.

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POSTER-B.108 Evaluation of Voltage Stability Based on Sensitivity Analyses of Electric Pricing
Rui Li, Tokyo Metropolitan University; Luonan Chen, Osaka Sangyo University; Ryuichi
Yokoyama, Tokyo Metropolitan University
This paper presents a method to evaluate voltage stability based on the decomposition of the nodal price of
each bus. Specifically, we first form an optimal power flow problem with voltage stability constraints, and
then derive a decomposition expression for all factors related to nodal prices, in particular voltage stability
constraints, which are given by a set of equalities. A numerical example based on IEEE 30-bus standard
system is used to demonstrate the proposed method. Since the voltage stability is directly evaluated based
on equivalent values, such information can be used not only to improve the efficient usage of power grid and
congestion management, but also to provide economic signals for generation or transmission investment.
POSTER-B.109 Adaptive Remedial Action Scheme Based on Transient Energy Analysis
Yi Zhang, Kevin Tomsovic, Washington State University
Remedial action schemes are designed to avoid wide spread outages after a severe contingency. In practice,
these schemes are primarily static. That is, the action is pre-determined for a particular situation based on
extensive off-line studies. This paper presents a method for an adaptive scheme based on transient energy
analysis suitable for on-line calculations. The approach assumes the system separates into two groups in the
first swing after a severe contingency along a key path and that generation tripping and/or load shedding is
needed to survive the swing. Based on off-line studies and simple on-line calculations of the ability of the
system to absorb the excess kinetic energy, the amount and location of the generation tripping is determined.
This method provides a way to implement an adaptive RAS for different faults and operating points in real-
time operation. The IEEE 39-bus system is used to illustrate the proposed method.
POSTER-B.110 Identify Overloaded Transmission Lines in TTC and ATC Determinations
Soon-Kin Chai, Electric Reliability Council of Texas; Arun Sekar, Tennessee Technological
University
This paper presents a method to identify the potential overloaded transmission lines for single or multiple
powertrading paths. Before making Available Transfer Capability (ATC) determination, this technique can
classify those lines are potentially reaching the bottleneck for single or multiple source-and-sink trading.
The proposed method is used DC load-flow model technique to calculate the line factors of each line for
each possible power-trading path. In fact, the calculated line factors are the actual line-flow solutions of the
system DC model. The number of the possible power-trading paths is the product between the number of
generators and loads in the system. To handle a large power system, a simple program is written to calculate
the line factors of each line in each possible generator-load path. First, the program inputs the system bus
and branch data to form a primitive reactance matrix and to construct a specific tree, with arbitrary branch
orientation, using the Depth-First Search (DFS) algorithm. An element-node incident matrix (A) is obtained
and the bus admittance matrix (YBus) of the system is calculated by a singular transformation. For each
possible generator-load path, the generator bus will be used as a reference bus of the system during line factor
calculations. Finally, these sets of line factors can be used to forecast the potential congested lines during
single or multiple power-trading paths. This can be setup a list of critical lines to reduce the computation time
during ATC evaluation.
POSTER-B.111 Blackout from the System Operatorsʼ Perspective
Nijaz Dizdarevic, Matislav Majstrovic, Energy Institute ʻHRVOJE POZARʼ; Niko Mandic,
HNOSIT; Snjezana Cujic Coko, HEP Transmission
Root causes of the blackout that happened on January 12, 2003 in southern part of Croatia (HR) and Bosnia
Herzegovina (BH) are shown in this paper with respect to the role of the system operators. Action of the
system operators during chronological sequence of the blackout events represents main topic of this paper.
Root causes and consequences of the blackout are recognized and a set of countermeasures is proposed to the
utilities in order to prevent its reoccurrence.
POSTER-B.112 Observability Analysis and Measurement Placement for Systems with PMUs
Bei Xu, Ali Abur, Texas A&M University
This paper is concerned about the analysis of network observability and phasor measurement unit (PMU)
placement when using a mixed measurement set. The measurements will include conventional power flows
and injections as well as phasor measurements for voltages and line currents provided by phasor measurement
units. The observability analysis is followed by an optimal meter placement strategy for the PMUs.

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POSTER-B.113 Physical Clearing Mechanisms in Power Industry
Karla Atkins, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Christopher M. Homan, Rochester
Institute of Technology; Achla Marathe, Los Alamos National Laboratory
This paper studies the performance of several different physical clearing mechanisms in the electricity
market. The study is done using the simulation tool, Marketecture, developed at the Los Alamos National
Laboratory. Two cities, Portland and Chicago, are used for simulating the physical clearing algorithms. The
algorithms were chosen according to their ability to serve as a proxy for some of the well known policies.
Our results show that, based on the economic measures chosen, both cities perform very similarly under the
different physical clearing mechanisms.
POSTER-B.114 Effects of Model Uncertainty on Security Assessment in Deregulated Power Systems
Andrija T. Saric, Aleksandar M. Stankovic, Allen L. Soyster, Brad Lehman, Northeastern
University
In this paper we address the issue of quantifying transmission security in a deregulated power market. In
particular, we are interested in effects of model uncertainties on characterization of system security. The
paper addresses two types of uncertainties: 1) structural uncertainties (e.g., line outages) are modeled by
contingency scenarios (by utilizing the matrix inversion lemma in the constraint sets), and 2) perturbation
of model parameters (by utilizing first-order perturbation matrix theory in the optimization criterion and
the constraint sets). The paper embeds these considerations in an optimization procedure that checks
if transmission security is maintained, and, when necessary, generates minimal corrections in existing
contractual transactions that ensure security. Given our interest in real-time applications, we consider problem
formulations based on convex optimization, thus assuring the solution existence and uniqueness. The paper
proposes a convex form of a linearized AC power flow model to describe the transmission network. Model is
applied on example standard 68-node New England/New-York interconnected power system.
POSTER-B.115 An Optimal Power Flow Formulation Including Detailed Modeling of Generators
Zulmar Machado, Jr., Glauco N. Taranto, Djalma M. Falcão, Federal University of Rio de
Janeiro
This paper presents an optimal power flow (OPF) formulation including a detailed representation of
synchronous machines and their control systems. The representation is accomplished by the inclusion of
the algebrized differential equations representing the generators and their controllers, at an equilibrium
point, to the set of algebraic load flow equations of the conventional OPF. The computational framework is
structured with advanced concepts of object oriented modeling (OOM) using the C++ language. Automatic
differentiation techniques are applied allowing users to define objective functions and operational constraints.
An interior point method is used to obtain numerical solutions of the associated optimization problem.
Numerical results are presented for a 45-bus Southern Brazilian equivalent test system.

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POSTER-B.116 GenCosʼ Participation in the Unbundled Energy Market
Guillermo Gutierrez-Alcaraz, Gerald Sheble, Iowa State University
In this document we analyze market producersʼ participation in the new unbundled energy market. The
electricity market is in the process of unbundling the ancillary services. In a fully unbundled electricity
market more extensive analysis needs to be performed given that market participation is not restricted to
electricity production. Ancillary services were bundled within the integrated generation and transmission
services in the vertical integrated industry. Instead of being bundled with generation and transmission, the
individual services are now uniquely identified in the competitive markets. In this new market environment,
the decision making process can be seen as an activity analysis problem. Market participants will need to
determine the most probable and profitable future market actions based on the last known market data and
market projection.
POSTER-B.117 Including Stability Constraints in Optimal Dispatch Algorithms
Jorge Valenzuela, S. Mark Halpin, Chan S. Park, Auburn University
As generation continues to increase in localized areas, transmission congestion will be encountered initially in
the form of thermal limits on transmission lines. Continuing to add generation into constant effective system
impedance will threaten a system stability limit. The focus of this paper is on developing stability constraints
for optimal dispatch algorithms so that the resultant dispatch is favorable to power system security. Similar
to existing thermally-constrained optimal dispatch algorithms, the results of the dispatch may lead to unequal
nodal prices. The well-developed locational marginal pricing concept is adopted as a basis and expanded to
include constraints associated with system stability.
POSTER-B.118 A Comprehensive Contribution Factor Method for Congestion Management
Hongbiao Song, Mladen Kezunovic, Texas A&M University
This paper introduces a comprehensive method for congestion management by using network, generator and
load contribution information. When congestion occurs, the priority is given first to the network contribution
factor, then to the generator contribution factor and last to the load contribution factor. If the congestion can
be relieved by the network adjustment, only the network control is used. Otherwise, generator redispatching is
initialized. The method may also be combined with demand side (load) management to solve the congestion.
The congestion management scheme is presented in this paper.
POSTER-B.119 An Error Analysis of the Multirate Method for Power System Transient Stability
Simulation
Jingjia Chen, Mariesa L. Crow, Badrul H. Chowdhury, Levent Acar, University of Missouri-
Rolla
This efficient application of any numerical integration method depends on accurate estimation of the local
truncation error to govern step size control. In this paper, the local truncation error of the multirate method
using the forward Euler integration is derived leading to the calculation of the optimal step ratio. The
techniques of applying multirate method in power systems are discussed. By implementing the multirate
method in a practical power system example, the multirate strategies are proved to be efficient compared with
traditional simulation methods.
POSTER-B.120 Optimal Auction for the Deregulated Electricity Market Using Augmented Lagrangian
and Surrogate Optimization
Peter B. Luh, William E. Blankson, Ying Chen, University of Connecticut; Joseph H. Yan,
Gary A. Stern, Southern California Edison; Shi-Chung Chang, University of Connecticut;
Feng Zhao
Deregulated electricity markets use a market clearing price (MCP) auction mechanism to pay market
participants for energy and ancillary service products. Currently most independent system operators (ISOʼs)
determine MCPʼs by using a traditional unit commitment approach that minimizes the offered costs. This
is not appropriate because the costs minimized are not the purchase costs to be paid by customers. How
to correctly set the MCPʼs is an open and challenging issue, and no solution has yet been reported in the
literature. This paper presents an effective method to solve the new pay-at-MCP problem. In view of
the specific features of the new problem including the non-separability of the objective function and the
discontinuity of offer curves, the standard Lagrangian relaxation technique cannot be applied. Our key idea
is to use the augmented Lagrangian relaxation approach, but to form and solve MCP and offer subproblems
by using an advanced surrogate optimization framework. Potential pitfalls and intricacies of our method are
intuitively illustrated. Numerical testing results demonstrate that the method is effective, and the resulting
costs are significantly lower than what are obtained by using the unit commitment approach.

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POSTER-B.121 On Use of OpenGL Technology to Support a Power System CAD
Felipe Kober, Flávio A. B. Lemos, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul
This paper presents the use of the OpenGL (Open Graphic Library) technology in the development of a
graphical computational tool, object-oriented, for modeling, simulation and analysis of geo-located electrical
distribution networks, where the advantages of the OpenGL technology is explored as the development
speed and the improvement of the systemʼs performance. The conversion of the graphical data for the
OpenGL environment is discussed, as well as, its organization in a system of layers where the possibilities of
visualization offered by the technology is explored.
POSTER-B.122 Stochastic Simulation Approach for Valuation of Congestion Revenue Rights
Jose Arce, Mikhail Solovev, Scott Wilson, Edison Mission Marketing & Trading
Congestion Revenue Right (CRR) is a financial tool designed to manage congestion risk in electricity markets.
In this paper, a new method for valuation of CRR -stochastic simulation of transmission shadow prices- is
introduced. First, operational and functional aspects associated with electricity markets are presented.
The concept of CRR and its importance as a tool for managing congestion risk is presented. Second, a
stochastic simulation model for valuation of CRR is developed. The applicability of it to different system
conditions is analyzed. The performance of the methodology is tested in numerical examples. Third, details
of the underlying random numbers generator are discussed. The possibility of using different measures for
codependence is explored. The estimation of transmission shadow prices using different stochastic processes,
in particular extreme value theory and regime switching process are mentioned. Finally, conclusions of the
paper are presented.
POSTER-B.123 Computational System for Training and Simulation of Volt/VAR Control Actions
Wilson L. Feijó, Jr., Flávio A. B. Lemos, A. V. Zampieri, A. Manzoni, Pontifical Catholic
University of Rio Grande do Sul; A. Franceschi, Rio Grande Energia S.A.
This paper presents a computational system to support real time Volt/Var control actions in an EMS or DMS
environment. The system can be used in on-line mode (monitoration, simulation and optimization) with
information from SCADA, parameter database and state estimator, and off-line mode (training and past
simulation and optimization), which information (operational point and topology network) are obtained from
a historic on-line database. It runs automatically in the monitoration mode and on demand in simulation and
optimization mode. This system is running in a regional utility in Brazil (RGE utility) since 2002. The final
tests are being done to validate the final application.
POSTER-B.124 Consumed Power Control of Time Deferrable Loads for Frequency Regulation
Junji Kondoh, Hirohisa Aki, Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Akinobu Murata, Itaru Ishii, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
Connection of a large number of dispersed generators to distribution networks is not easy due to various
technical considerations. Thus we have been trying to devise a concept for future electrical distribution
systems with a lot of dispersed generators. In this work, it has been considered that each customerʼs load
and each generatorʼs active and reactive power should be controlled in order to stabilize and optimize the
networks. Under this consideration, two control methods for future distribution systems are proposed: a
cooperative control and an independent control. An electric power system with a lot of time deferrable electric
water heating and storage systems has been supposed, and the frequency regulation ability has been analyzed
using the numerical calculation. The results of the analyses have shown that the frequency regulation ability
becomes higher with the cooperative control than that with the independent control.

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POSTER-B.125 A Real-Time System for the Generation and Detection of Electrical Disturbances
Iñigo Monedero, Carlos León, Antonio García, José Manuel Elena, University of Seville;
Juan Carlos Montaño, IRNAS; Jorge Ropero, University of Seville
Power Quality is defined as the study of the quality of electric power lines. The detection and classification
of the different disturbances which cause power quality problems is a difficult task which requires a high
level of engineering expertise. Thus, neural networks are usually a good choice for the detection and
classification of these disturbances. This paper describes a powerful system, developed by the Electronic
Technology Department at the University of Seville and the Institute for Natural Resources and Agrobiology
at the Scientific Research Council (CSIC) for the generation and detection by means of neural networks of
electrical disturbances.
POSTER-B.126 Application of Discrete Event Systems Theory for Modeling and Analysis of a Power
Transmission Network
Tamal Biswas, Asad Davari, Ali Feliachi, West Virginia University
Apart from the continuous time phenomena various discrete events occur in an electric power system.
Previously, the size and operation of the power systems were considerably small and centralized compared to
the large, decentralized power systems of the present day. Each discrete event occurring in the power system
was manually acknowledged and necessary changes were made in the system operation. But with the recent
deregulation, the sizes of the power system have increased rapidly and it is becoming very difficult if not
impossible to use the traditional methods. Specialized tools are necessary for modeling and analysis of the
discrete events occurring in the power system. A number of formal languages, including Petri nets and finite
state machines can be used for this purpose. This paper describes how discrete event systems theory can be
applied for modeling and analysis of a power transmission network.
POSTER-B.127 Effects of Dynamic Pricing on Residential Electricity Bill
Asawari Moholkar, Powsiri Klinkhachorn, Ali Feliachi, West Virginia University
Peak load management is indeed an important issue with the utilities. Various utilities have come up with
wide spectrum of peak load management programs for the industrial sector based on the Dynamic Pricing of
electricity. However, very few utilities in United States offer dynamic retail prices for the residential sector.
This article presents simulated results for the effects of various dynamic pricing schedules on the average
monthly bills for typical single-family houses. The simulated results indeed show that price responsive load
management can be an efficient way of peak load management for the residential sector.

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POSTER-B.128 Reactive Reserve Determination Using Coherent Clustering Applied to the Mexican
Norwest Control Area
Eduardo Tovar, Guillermo Calderón, Eli De la Torre, Isaias Nieva, Instituto de
Investigaciones Electricas
A methodology is used to evaluate, in an efficient manner, the availability of machine reactive reserve of
an electric power system. This reactive reserve is evaluated on the areas affected due to a reactive power
imbalance. The determination of buses or a sub region of a network that is vulnerable to voltage collapse is of
extreme importance. This sub region is called Voltage Control Area (VCA). Voltage Control Areas are groups
of buses stiffly interconnected and in which voltage magnitudes and voltage angles vary in a similar manner
as a result of a contingency or operation condition changes. A technique to develop the Voltage Control
Area is also presented in this paper, since the work developed uses strongly the Voltage Control Areas of the
electrical network.

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 Tuesday, October 12
PANEL-1 Market Monitoring, Metrics, Indicators, and Mitigation (Panel)
Sponsor: Power Systems Analysis, Computations, and Economics Committee; System Economics
Subcommittee
Time: Tuesday, October 12, 09:00 - 12:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Summary: As energy markets continue to evolve in North America, there is need to quantify and
evaluate the market performance. This panel will address monitoring, mitigation, and
metrics for energy markets from various perspectives. The panelists will present and
comment on proposed and implemented techniques for the new 3Mʼs for energy markets.
Co-Chairs: B. Hobbs, The Johns Hopkins University and S. Ellis, Pacific Gas & Electric
PANEL-1.1 Experiences with Market Power Mitigation
Harry Singh, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
PANEL-1.2 An Auction to Procure Capacity in a Load Pocket
Peter Cramton, University of Maryland; Joseph Bowring, PJM Interconnection, LLC;
Steven Stoft, Private Consultant
PANEL-1.3 Electricity Market Power: Triangulation of Models and Issues
William Hogan, John F. Kennedy School of Government
PANEL-1.4 Conduct and Impact vs. State of the Market Triggers for Automatic Market
Mitigation
Shmuel Oren, University of California, Berkeley
PANEL-1.5 Energy Market Monitoring and Mitigation: Past Lessons and Current Issues
Farrokh A. Rahimi, Open Access Consulting
PANEL-1.6 Self-Regulating Markets for Electricity: Letting Customers into the Game:
Richard Schuler, Cornell University

75
 Tuesday, October 12
PANEL-2 Simulation Tools for Energy Markets and Physical System Operation (Panel)
Sponsor: Power Systems Analysis, Computations, and Economics Committee
Time: Tuesday, October 12, 09:00 - 12:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom E
Summary: As energy markets play an important role in the generation area and begin to play a greater
role in retail electricity, the traditional analysis tools are inadequate for answering many
of the questions arising from these changes occurring in the electric power industry. This
session addresses what is being done in the way of algorithms, solution methods, and
software engineering (including visualization), to model the interactions of electricity
markets with physical system operations.
Chair: Steve Widergren, Pacific Northwest National Lab
PANEL-2.1 PowerWeb: A Tool for Evaluating Economic and Reliability Impacts of Electric
Power Market Designs
Ray Zimmerman, Robert Thomas, Cornell University
PANEL-2.2 Transmission Expansion in the Western Interconnection - The Planning Process and
the Analytical Tools that Will Be Needed to Do the Job
Glenn Drayton, Drayton Analytics Pty Ltd; Michael McCoy, Mario Pereira, Power Systems
Research, Inc.; Edward Cazalet, The Cazalet Group LLC; Mary Johannis, Dennis Phillips,
Bonneville Power Administration
PANEL-2.3 Visualization Approaches Integrating Real-Time Market Data
Mark Laufenberg, PowerWorld Corporation
PANEL-2.4 Alternative Model for Area Price Determination in a Deregulated Power System
Kjetil Uhlen, Ove S. Grande, Leif Warland, Gerd Solem, Ian Norheim, SINTEF Energy
Research
PANEL-2.5 Simulating Price Responsive Distributed Resources
Ning Lu, Dave P. Chassin, S. E. Widergren, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

76
 Tuesday, October 12
PANEL-3 Issues Affecting Large RTOs in National Energy Markets (Panel)
Sponsor: Power System Planning and Implementation Committee
Time: Tuesday, October 12, 09:00 - 12:00
Place: Broadway/Carnegie/Alvin
Summary: The panelists will present perspectives on the use of the electric power transmission system
as a facilitator for competitive electricity markets as seen by the FERC, Transmission
Companies, a Vertically Integrated Utility, a large RTO and a systems researcher. Ample
opportunity for audience participation will be available.
Chair: Greg Welch, Triangle Power Systems Consulting, Inc.
PANEL-3.1 The Value of Large Regional Transmission Organizations
Kevin Kelly, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
PANEL-3.2 Regional/National Transmission System: Investor Owned Utility Perspective for the
IEEE Power Engineering Society
Andrew Dearman III, Southern Company
PANEL-3.3 The Perspective of a Regional Transmission Company in a Competitive Energy
Market
Jose Delgado, American Transmission Company
PANEL-3.4 Transmission Investment Within RTOs Participating in Energy Markets
Paul McCoy, Trans-Elect
PANEL-3.5 PJM - MISO Congestion Management Process
Thomas Bowe, PJM Interconnection, LLC; Thomas Mallinger, Midwest ISO; Andrew J
Rodriquez, PJM Interconnection, LLC; David Zwergel, Midwest ISO
PANEL-3.6 Operational Tools for Large RTOs: Assessment and Needs
Sakis Meliopoulos, Georgia Institute of Technology

77
 Tuesday, October 12
PANEL-4 Model-Driven Integration Techniques and Standards for Enterprise Integration
(Panel)
Sponsor: Power Systems Analysis, Computations, and Economics Committee
Time: Tuesday, October 12, 09:00 - 12:00
Place: Uris/Julliard
Summary: Model Driven Integration (MDI) is the next logical step in the evolution of the Enterprise
Application Integration (EAI) methodology which strengthens the principles of EAI
(i.e., loosely coupled integration via an event-driven messaging infrastructure) with the
addition of common models as the basis to drive integration design and implementation.
MDI methodology focuses on the modeling and semantics of business processes, common
information, and information exchange through the application of international standards
developed for this purpose. This panel session will present the basis for the models used
in the utility real-time operations environment as well as several case histories of utilities
that are deploying the MDI methodology and supporting tools in their current operations
environment.
Chair: Terry Saxton, Xrensible Solutions
PANEL-4.1 Utility Applications Should Be Integrated with an Interface Based on a Canonical
Data Model, Not Directly with Each Other
Greg Robinson, Joe Zhou, Xtensible Solutions
PANEL-4.2 NYISO Experience with Model Driven Integration
Walter Pfuntner, New York ISO
PANEL-4.3 Key Drivers and Challenges for Moving Toward a Model-Driven Integration Solution
for an Established RTO
Heather Forsythe, PJM Interconnection, LLC
PANEL-4.4 MDI: A Solution for Outage Management
Dean Hengst, Exelon Corporation
PANEL-4.5 An Integrated Approach to Business Modeling, Vocabulary Management, and
Software Development
Kenneth Newberry, Tennessee Valley Authority

78
 Tuesday, October 12
PANEL-5 Challenges in Power System Infrastructure Security and Defense (Panel)
Sponsor: Power Engineering Education Committee
Time: Tuesday, October 12, 14:00 - 17:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Summary: This panel focuses on the lessons learned as well as challenges associated with
accomplishing the mission of secure and reliable operation, including recent hardware,
software, applications and algorithmic developments; especially addressing sensors and
telecommunication to increase situational awareness of operators/security monitors,
signals and precursors to failures, infrastructure defense plans, protection against rare
events and extreme contingencies, along with rapid/robust restoration.
Chair: Massoud Amin, University of Minnesota
PANEL-5.1 Challenges in Power System Infrastructure Security and Defense
Massoud Amin, University of Minnesota
PANEL-5.2 California ISO Reliability Tools
David Hawkins, Yuri Makarov, Philip Hsiang, Mike Starr, California ISO; Carlos Martinez,
Electric Power Group
PANEL-5.3 BPAʼs Wide-Area Stability and Voltage Control System (WACS) for Blackout
Prevention
Carson W. Taylor, Bonneville Power Administration
PANEL-5.4 Infrastructure Security - Recent and Ongoing Work at EPRI
Thomas Kropp, Scott Mix, Electric Power Research Institute
PANEL-5.5 Risk Assessment Methodologies: Factors to Consider
Jeffery E. Dagle, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PANEL-5.6 Trends in Power System Wide Area Protection
Miroslav Begovic, Georgia Institute of Technology; Damir Novosel, KEMA T&D
Consulting; Daniel Karlsson, ABB, Inc.; Charlie Henville, BC Hydro; Gary Michel,
Consultant

79
 Tuesday, October 12
PANEL-6 Market Clearing Mechanisms (Panel)
Sponsor: Power Systems Analysis, Computations, and Economics Committee
Time: Tuesday, October 12, 14:00 - 17:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom E
Summary: In a competitive energy environment various products, such as energy, ancillary services
and transmission are procured through auctions. The most common approach is based on
sealed-bid mechanisms. This panel addresses various market clearing mechanisms and the
consequences of alternative pricing rules. Three specific pricing rules are evaluated: (1)
uniform pricing, (2) pay-as-bid pricing, and (3) Vickrey pricing. The results suggest that in
situations where the non-homogeneous nature of the product and market incompleteness
necessitate a high degree of product fragmentation, a pay-as-bid settlement approach with
optimized assignment may be promising.
Chair: Alex Papalexopoulos, ECCO International
PANEL-6.1 Alternative Pricing Rules
Peter Cramton, University of Maryland
PANEL-6.2 When Is a Pay-as Bid Preferable to Uniform Price in Electricity Markets.
Shmuel Oren, University of California, Berkeley
PANEL-6.3 PowerWeb Testing of Various Auction Clearing Mechanisms for Electricity
Robert Thomas, Timothy Mount, Ray Zimmerman, Cornell University
PANEL-6.4 Market Clearing Mechanisms in Incomplete Markets: Excluding Importers from
Competitive Electricity Pricing
Judith Cardell, Smith College
PANEL-6.5 Market Clearing Prices in the Balancing Mechanism of England and Wales
Daniel S. Kirschen, Maria P. Garcia, University of Manchester Institute of Science and
Technology

80
 Tuesday, October 12
PANEL-7 System Operating Experience with Wind Power Plants (Panel)
Sponsor: Power System Dynamic Performance AND Emerging Technologies Coordinating
Committee
Time: Tuesday, October 12, 14:00 - 17:00
Place: Broadway/Carnegie/Alvin
Summary: This session will examine initial operating experience from a power system operations
perspective for a variety of large commercial wind plant installations in the US and
Denmark. Each speaker will set the stage with a brief system description in terms of
generation mix, peak load, control area size, wind plant size, and any special operating
considerations. Some of the questions that will be addressed include:
• What is your criterion for a significant wind plant event.
• What interesting or significant events have you experienced.
• What sort of events do you think about and plan for.
• How have you adapted to the presence of the wind plant.
• How has the wind plant changed the way you operate the system.
• Have you developed any defensive operating strategies.
• At what point do you think it might be necessary to do so.
• What do you like about the plant design and performance.
• What do you dislike about the plant design and performance.
• What improvements would you like to see made.
• Do you use a wind plant output forecast.
• How much help would hour ahead, day ahead, or week ahead plant output forecasts be.
• Would additional training for operating with wind plants be of assistance to you.
Chair: Nicholas Miller, GE Energy

Panelists

William Grant, Xcel Energy, “Initial Operating Experience with 300 MW of Wind in the Xcel-North
System”

Abraham Ellis, Public Service Company of New Mexico, “Initial Operating Experience with the 204 MW
Taiban Mesa Wind Farm Project”

Greg Maxfield, PacifiCorp, “Initial Operating Experience with 300 MW of Wind on the PacifiCorp System”

Elliot Mainzer, Bonneville Power Administration, “BPA Wind Integration Services and Opearting
Experience”

Peter Borre Eriksen and Gitte Agersbaek, Eltra, “Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power in the Danish
Power System”

81
 Tuesday, October 12
PANEL-8 Transformational Communications and Control Programs (Panel)
Sponsor: Power Systems Analysis, Computations, and Economics Committee
Time: Tuesday, October 12, 14:00 - 17:00
Place: Uris/Julliard
Summary: Continued advances in information technology and the pervasiveness of communications
throughout industry and our society is changing the nature of operations and control in the
power sector. This panel presents several initiatives that aim to transform the operating
nature of our industry by facilitating the interoperability between components (software
and hardware) from multiple parties to integrate systems on a scale difficult to imagine
until now.
Chair: Eric Lightner, DOE
PANEL-8.1 IEA Demand Response Resources Project
Ross Malme, Peter Scarpelli, RETX
PANEL-8.2 Mid-Atlantic Regional Small Generator Interconnection Initiative
Brad Johnson, Independent Consultant
PANEL-8.3 MultiSpeak®2 - A Framework for Real-Time Utility Software Integration
Gary McNaughton, Cornice Engineering, Inc.; Martin Gordon, National Rural Electric
Cooperative Association
PANEL-8.4 Developing an Integrated Energy and Communications Systems Architecture: The
Initial Steps
Joseph Hughes, Donald Von Dollen, Electric Power Research Institute
PANEL-8.5 Transforming the U.S. Electricity System
Rob Pratt, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

82
 Wednesday, October 13
PANEL-9 The Real-Time Stability Challenge (Panel)
Sponsor: Power Systems Dynamic Performance Committee
Time: Wednesday, October 13, 09:00 - 12:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom E
Summary: The need to assess stability and predict the risk of blackout in real-time became particularly
relevant in the aftermath of the wave of blackouts that affected US, UK and mainland
Europe utilities in 2003. As opposed to classical contingency evaluation, however, the very
concept of stability assessment requires a different metric - and, because of the complexity
of the solution techniques involved, innovative approaches are needed to perform such
assessment quickly enough so that results could be used for on-line decision-making. The
Real-Time Stability Challenge panel will be a forum for presenting progress achieved in
this field, discussing new ideas, and identifying challenges to be met in the course of future
research.
Chair: Savu C. Savulescu, Energy Concepts International Corporation
PANEL-9.1 A Metric for Quantifying the Risk of Blackout
Savu Savulescu, Energy Concepts International Corporation
PANEL-9.2 Critical Requirements for Successful On-Line Security Assessment
Kip Morison, Powertech Labs, Inc.; Lei Wang, Prabha Kundur, Powertech Labs Inc.; Xi
Lin, Wenjian Gao, Chaoyang He, Guangxi Electric Power Co. Ltd.; Feng Xue, Jianbing
Xu, Taishan Xu, Yusheng Xue, Nanjing Automation Research Institute
PANEL-9.3 Preventive vs. Emergency Control of Power Systems
Louis Wehenkel, Mania Pavella, University of Liège
PANEL-9.4 Extending EMS Capabilities to Include Online Stability Assessment
Rene Avila-Rosales, Jay Giri, Rafael Lopez, Areva T&D

83
 Wednesday, October 13
PANEL-10 Least Cost Planning for Non-Traditional Distribution Systems (Panel)
Sponsor: Power System Planning and Implementation Committee
Time: Wednesday, October 13, 09:00 - 12:00
Place: Uris/Julliard
Summary: The panel covers innovative and future power distribution systems. Included are distributed
resources, asset management, planning and automated planning, and least cost methods.
Chair: Richard E. Brown, KEMA
PANEL-10.1 Distribution Vision 2010: Planning for Automation
Russell Fanning, We Energies
PANEL-10.2 Distribution Circuit of the Future at Southern California Edison
Russell Neal, Southern California Edison
PANEL-10.3 Asset Management, Risk, and Distribution System Planning
Richard Brown, John Spare, KEMA T&D Consulting
PANEL-10.4 Including Distributed Resources in Distribution Planning
Roger C. Dugan, Electrotek Concepts, Inc.; Snuller K. Price, Energy and Environmental
Economics, Inc.
PANEL-10.5 A Least Cost Planning Method of FRIENDS
Koichi Nara, Ibaraki University

84
 Wednesday, October 13
PANEL-11 Operating GENCO Assets in New LMP Markets (Panel)
Sponsor: Power System Operations Committee
Time: Wednesday, October 13, 09:00 - 12:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Summary: In the process of migrating from cost-based to market-based operations, gencos will face a
host of new challenges. This panel explores the key issues facing gencos in the new market-
centric world: 1. What are the main physical and financial impacts of markets on your
generation fleet?; 2. Do you have the tools to accurately forecast hourly loads and prices
for the day-ahead and real-time markets?; 3. How can you formulate bidding strategies that
maximize your expected profits from both the day-ahead and real-time markets?; 4. How
should you formulate bidding strategies to reflect market mitigation rules?
Chair: Khai Le, PCI
PANEL-11.1 Operating Genco Assets in New LMP Markets
Khai Le, PCI
PANEL-11.2 Challenge of Managing Merchant Assets in a Dramatically Changed Market
Environment
Gary Stephenson, InterGen
PANEL-11.3 A View from “The Operating Room”
Ziad Alaywan, J. McIntosh, California ISO
PANEL-11.4 Transitioning the ERCOT Market from a Zonal to a Nodal Model
Marguerite A. Wagner, Electric Reliability Council of Texas
PANEL-11.5 Building It Infrastructure for Market Players in Japan
Takayuki Nagase, Marta Marmiroli, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

85
 Wednesday, October 13
PAPER Power Markets and Economics (Panel)
Sponsor: Power Systems Analysis, Computations, and Economics Committee
Time: Wednesday, October 13, 09:00 - 12:00
Place: Broadway/Carnegie/Alvin
Summary: This is a special paper session covering issues of power marketing. International experience
is described. Ancillary services and software implementation will be described. Modeling
and energy efficiency are covered in the papers.
Chair: Jim Waight, Siemens
PAPER.1 Regional Ancillary Services Procurement in Simultaneous Energy/Reserve Markets
Tong Wu, George Angelidis, ECCO; Ziad Alaywan, California ISO; Alex D. Papalexopoulos,
ECCO
PAPER.2 Market Monitoring and SMD Implementation: the New York Experience and
Beyond
Ricardo J. Galarza, PSM Consulting
PAPER.3 Forecasting System Imbalance Volumes in Competitive Electricity Markets
Maria P. Garcia, Daniel S. Kirschen, University of Manchester Institute of Science and
Technology
PAPER.4 An Oligopolistic Model for Power Networks: Beyond the Incentive of the Energy
Market
Guillermo Bautista, Victor H. Quintana, University of Waterloo; Jose A. Aguado,
University of Malaga
PAPER.5 Promotion of Energy-Efficiency in the Electricity Sector in Restructuring Markets
- The Portuguese Case
Ana Lopes, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Tomar; Aníbal Almeida, University of
Coimbra

86
 Wednesday, October 13
PANEL-12 T&D System Asset Management (Panel)
Sponsor: Power System Planning and Implementation Committee
Time: Wednesday, October 13, 14:00 - 17:00
Place: Broadway/Carnegie/Alvin
Summary: From data to information! This session will give you a birdsʼ eye view of the state-of-art
practices in T&D asset management to give maximum value to utilities.
Chair: ML Chan, KEMA
PANEL-12.1 Transmission and Distribution System Asset Management
M. L. Chan, Auriga Corporation
PANEL-12.2 Asset Management Challenges in Hydro One
Ravi Seethapathy, Hydro One
PANEL-12.3 Avoiding Catastrophic Faults Through Improved Data Correlation
William Shaw, Kreiss Johnson Technologies
PANEL-12.4 Data Usage from Relays/IEDʼs for Asset Management Solutions
John Redmon, John Redmon, John R. Redmon, Inc.
PANEL-12.5 Computerized Maintenance Management System CMMS
Richard Wernsing, PSE&G; Rodney Dickens, Public Service Electric and Gas
PANEL-12.6 A Data Mining based Maintenance Decision Support System for Electric Utilities
Zhenyuan Wang, ABB Corporate Research

87
 Wednesday, October 13
PANEL-13 Future Power Delivery Options for Long-Term Energy Sustainability (Panel)
Sponsor: Power Engineering Education Committee
Time: Wednesday, October 13, 14:00 - 17:00
Place: Uris/Julliard
Summary: Mankind has continually pursued cheap and plentiful energy resources. For centuries
the major energy resource was firewood, while for over the last one hundred years most
of our energy has come in the form of fossil fuels. For example, the U.S. currently gets
more than 75% of its energy from fossil fuels. But the reserves for these fuels are finite.
The magnitude of the reserves, and when they will run out has been a subject for debate
for many years. No one knows for sure when that day will come, or what type of price
volatility and geopolitical unrest could accompany global fossil fuel shortages. For some
fossil fuels, such as coa, reserves are sufficient for many decades of usage at current rates.
But for others the time is growing short, with most experts predicting global oil production
to peak in the next ten to twenty years.
This panel session explores future transmission system options for greatly expanding the
capacity of the existing grid.
Co-Chairs: Thomas J. Overbye, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and S. S. Venkata,
Clarkson University
PANEL-13.1 The SuperCable: Dual Delivery of Hydrogen and Electric Power
Paul Grant, W2AGZ Technologies
PANEL-13.2 Superconductor Technologies for a Controllable and Reliable High Capacity Grid
Alex P. Malozemoff, A. Kehrli, John Diaz de Leon, Swarn Kalsi, American
Superconductor
PANEL-13.3 A Feasibility Analysis for the TransAmerica Grid Project (TAG)-A National Grid
Proposal
Ronald W. Spahr, University of Illinois at Springfield; Karl F. Davis, Davis Consulting
Company; Donald L. Mundy, Black & Veatch
PANEL-13.4 Future Power Delivery Options for Long-Term Energy Sustainability Panel
Thomas Overbye, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

88
 Wednesday, October 13
PANEL-14 Real Time Digital Simulation (Panel)
Sponsor: Transmission and Distribution Committee
Time: Wednesday, October 13, 14:00 - 17:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom E
Summary: Real-time (RT) computer simulations of electric power systems have been applied very
effectively and successfully to test power systems relays and HVDC control systems
in the recent past. The real-time aspect is computationally very demanding and special
computer hardware is required to enable such high performance simulations. However,
the RT technology allows for a piece of hardware to be an integral part of the network and
control system simulation, passing signals between the real and the simulated ʻʼworldʼʼ
back and forth. The panelists are all users of commercially available RT simulation systems
and will share their many years of experiences on a broad spectrum of applications: utility
protection relays; HVDC and FACTS controls (TCSC and SVC); wind turbine emulation;
motor and voltage controller optimization; and power quality evaluations. This session will
provide the non-expert with a basic understanding of the subject matter and experts with
knowledge about newly emerging applications.
Co-Chairs: Mischa Steurer, Florida State University and Paulo Ribeiro, Calvin College
PANEL-14.1 Real-time Simulation for Relay Performance Evaluation
Ratan Das, ABB, Inc.
PANEL-14.2 FURNAS Experience on Real-Time Computer Simulations of Power Systems
Sergio Espírito Santo, Victor A. B. França, FURNAS Centrais Elétricas
PANEL-14.3 Real Time Digital Simulation: Trends on Technology and T&D Applications
Marcos Roitman, Raul Sollero, Joao Oliveira, CEPEL
PANEL-14.4 Complexity in Power Systems and Consequences for Real-Time Computing
Stephen Woodruff, Florida State University
PANEL-14.5 Hypersim Simulation of a Voltage Source Converter Connected to the Distribution
Electrical Network
Xavier Guillaud, E. F. Mogos, M. Terkmani, Ecole Centrale de Lille

89
 Wednesday, October 13
PANEL-15 Wide Area Protection and Emergency Control Issues and Solutions (Panel)
Sponsor: Power System Relaying Committee
Time: Wednesday, October 13, 14:00 - 17:00
Place: Empire State Ballroom A
Summary: This panel will address wide area monitoring, protection, and control issues and solutions
related to fast developing disturbances and blackouts. Panelists will present: summary
of industry practices; deployment and experience with concrete wide area protection
and restoration schemes in the field; recording requirements for simulation and analysis;
issues with hidden failures in protection schemes; review impact of NERC regulations and
describe possible solutions to prevent blackouts.
Chair: Damir Novosel, KEMA Consulting
PANEL-15.1 Wide Area Protection and Emergency Control
Miroslav Begovic, Georgia Institute of Technology
PANEL-15.2 Practical Implementation of Wide Area Disturbance Protection and Restoration
Schemes
Vahid Madani, Pacific Gas & Electric Company
PANEL-15.3 Hydro Quebec TransÉnergie Response to Blackouts or Catastrophic Events
Jean-Marie Gagnon, Hydro Quebec
PANEL-15.4 Recording Requirements for Simulation and Analysis of Wide Area Disturbances
Alexander Apostolov, Areva T&D
PANEL-15.5 A Methodology to Access the Impact of Hidden Failures in Protection Schemes
Jaime De La Ree, Virginia Tech; David C. Elizondo, MPR Associates, Inc.
PANEL-15.6 Wide Area Disturbances: Overall Issues and Solution and Impact of Protection
Systems
Damir Novosel, KEMA T&D Consulting

90
91
 Author Index
Abdelkrim, Mostafa..........................43 Blankson, William E.........................71 Corenwinder, C.................................60
Abdelsalam, Hany A.........................43 Blazic, Bostjan..................................49 Coulondre, Jean-Marie .....................31
Abur, Ali .....................................57, 69 Boll, M..............................................60 Cramton, Peter............................75, 80
Acar, Levent .....................................71 Bolund, Björn ...................................62 Crow, Mariesa L. ..................29, 36, 71
Adu, Thompson ................................27 Bossi, C.............................................28 Crudele, Dave ...................................12
Agarwal, S.K. ...................................42 Bostrom, Anders ...............................26 Cujic Coko, Snjezana .......................69
Aguado, Jose A.................................86 Bowe, Thomas ..................................77 Custer, D. E. .....................................40
Aiura, Toshiharu ...............................32 Bowring, Joseph ...............................75 Dagle, Jeffery E. ...............................79
Aki, Hirohisa ....................................72 Bradshaw, Dale T..............9, 27, 29, 36 Dai, Min............................................27
Akleman, Ergun................................57 Brar, Yadwinder ................................66 Das, Ratan.........................................89
Al-Fahadi, Azhar S. A. .....................22 Bravo, Gustavo .................................20 Davari, Asad .....................................73
Al-Hafid, Majed S. M.......................22 Bresesti, Paola ..................................40 David, Pedro .......................................3
Al-Hinai, Amer .................................50 Broadwater, Robert...........................31 Davis, Karl F.....................................88
Alaywan, Ziad ......................67, 85, 86 Brown, Daryl ....................................21 Dawson, Patrick................................39
Allan, Ron.........................................49 Brown, Richard.................................84 Dearman III, Andrew........................77
Allegranza, Vittorio ..........................12 Brumsickle, William E. ......................9 Deconinck, Geert................................8
Almeida, Aníbal................................86 Bukengolts, Boris .............................23 Dehdashti, Eddie...............................15
Aly, Gamal A. M. .............................43 Bulot, Mireille ..................................42 Delgado, Jose....................................77
Ambrosio, Ron .................................14 Burke, P.............................................42 Despalatovic, Marin .........................62
Amin, Massoud.................................79 Butler-Purry, Karen ..............30, 38, 49 Devatine, Louis.................................42
Angelidis, George.............................86 Cai, L. J.............................................36 De La Ree, Jaime..............................90
Apostolov, Alexander .............5, 24, 90 Caixin, Sun .......................................22 De la Torre, Eli .................................74
Araújo, Aluizio F. R..........................65 Calderón, Guillermo .........................74 de Mello, Robert W...........................67
Araujo, Leandro R. ...........................30 Calisti, Roberto.................................40 de Oliveira, Augusto C. C.................65
Arce, Jose .........................................72 Camm, Ernst .....................................27 De Tuglie, Enrico..............................54
Arnold, L. .........................................42 Campbell, Bill...................................18 Dhande, Tushar.................................24
Arteiro, F...........................................42 Cao, Y. J......................................21, 37 Dhillon, Jaspreet ...............................66
Arumugam, S....................................50 Capponi, Giuseppe ...........................48 Diaz de Leon, John .....................25, 88
Atkins, Karla.....................................70 Cardell, Judith...................................80 Dickens, Rodney...............................87
Avila-Rosales, Rene..........................83 Carlsson, Lennart K..........................57 Dilek, Murat .....................................31
Azarm, Mohamad .............................52 Carneiro, Adriano A. F. M. ...............65 Ding, Qia ..........................................19
Azmy, Ahmed M. .............................28 Carneiro, Jr., Sandoval......................30 Ding, Yi ............................................35
Bagriyanik, Mustafa .........................38 Catterson, Victoria ............................14 Divan, Deepak M................................9
Bahadoorsingh, Sanjay .....................41 Cazalet, Edward................................76 Dizdarevic, Nijaz........................68, 69
Bajrektarevic, E. ...............................42 Celli, Gianni .....................................12 Di Blasi, Giuseppe............................48
Balducci, Patrick...............................21 Chai, Soon-Kin .................................69 Doan, Daniel.....................................17
Baldwin, Mark..................................63 Chan, M. L........................................87 Dobrescu, Manuela...........................52
Ballini, Rosangela.............................65 Chandramouli, Arvinth .....................68 Dong, Jun..........................................39
Baran, Mesut.....................................12 Chandrasekar, S. ...............................50 Drayton, Glenn .................................76
Bari, Robert ......................................52 Chang, Shao......................................18 Driesen, Johan ..................................10
Basha, Lubna Arsheen ........................4 Chang, Shi-Chung ............................71 Dugan, Roger C. ...............................84
Baskaran, K. ..................................... 11 Chassin, Dave P. .........................31, 76 Duque, C...........................................59
Bass, Martin......................................68 Chen, Jingjia .....................................71 Dusa, Adrian .......................................8
Bauer, Paul........................................58 Chen, Luonan .............................64, 69 Eckroad, Steve............................29, 36
Bautista, Guillermo...........................86 Chen, Shiang-Shong .........................59 Edris, Abdel-Aty.........................13, 48
Begovic, Miroslav ................68, 79, 90 Chen, Xue-qing...........................21, 67 El-Markabi, Ismail............................12
Bell, Keith.........................................42 Chen, Ying ........................................71 El-Sharkawi, Mohamed A. ...............54
Bell, Sandra C...................................27 Cheng, Gaihong..........................18, 35 El-Zonkoly, Amany ..........................32
Belmans, Ronnie...........................8, 10 Chengrong, Li...................................44 Elena, José Manuel...........................73
Benner, Carl L. ........................... 11, 49 Cherian, Sunil ...................................14 Elfayoumy, Mahmoud K. .................41
Berkowitz, Steve...............................13 Choi, Yong Sung...............................10 Elizondo, David C. ...........................90
Bernard, Laurent...............................60 Chow, Joe H......................................48 Encinas, Nuria ..................................68
Bertani, Alessandro...........................28 Chowdhury, Ali A. ............................40 Enslin, Johan...............................12, 58
Bharadwaj, Vijayanand.....................68 Chowdhury, Badrul H.......................71 Erlich, István.........................28, 36, 54
Bhattacharya, Subbashish.................13 Chudnovsky, Bella H........................23 Esaka, Toshinori ...............................20
Biglari, M. ........................................28 Cicoria, Rocco ..................................12 Escudero, J. I. .....................................8
Biswas, Tamal...................................73 Clayton, Roger..................................41 Espírito Santo, Sergio .......................89
92
Evrenosolgu, Cansin Y......................57 Guo, Yinhua......................................18 Jadric, Martin....................................62
Falcão, Djalma M. ......................65, 70 Gutierrez-Alcaraz, Guillermo.....37, 71 Jain, Pankaj.......................................63
Fan, L................................................42 Hadjsaid, Nouredine .........................60 Jardim, Jorge L. ................................17
Fanning, Russell ...............................84 Hadzi-Kostova, Biljana ....................57 jeyakumar, ebenezer .........................40
Fardanesh, Bruce ..................13, 48, 58 Hajagos, Janos T. ..............................43 Jia, Hongjie.......................................33
Fathelrahman, Eihab.........................21 Halimah, Abed..................................17 Jia, Xiufang.........................................3
Faybisovich, Vitaly.............................5 Halpin, S. Mark ................................71 Jin, Zhang ...........................................6
Feijó, Jr., Wilson L. ..........................72 Haniotis, Antonios E.........................62 Johannis, Mary .................................76
Feinberg, Eugene ..............................43 Harris, K. E.......................................19 Johansson, Stefan G..........................57
Feliachi, Ali ....................50, 52, 56, 73 Hasanovic, Amer ..............................52 John, Eric M. .................................... 11
Feng, Li.............................................21 Hashiguchi, Takuhei .........................44 Johnson, Brad ...................................82
Ferraz, Julio C. R..............................56 Hasse, Gaetan ...................................29 Julian, Danny E. ...............................68
Ferreira, Luiz Claudio ......................28 Hauschild, Wolfgang ........................61 Jung, Jin-Woo ...................................27
Ferron, P............................................42 Hawkins, David ................................79 Kabra, Satish.....................................24
Flores, Federico ................................20 He, B. T.............................................45 Kalsi, Swarn .....................................88
Flueck, Alexander J. .........................34 He, Chaoyang ...................................83 Kameda, Hideyuki............................26
Flynn, Damian ..................................26 He, Guang-yu .............................21, 67 Kamruzzaman, Joarder .....................38
Ford, Greg.........................................64 He, Hui .............................................35 Kamwa, Innocent..............................52
Fornari, Federica...............................28 Hein, Jeffrey T. ...................................3 Kanagala, Anil ..................................66
Forsythe, Heather .............................78 Hengst, Dean ....................................78 Kang, J. S..........................................14
França, Victor A. B. ..........................89 Henry, Sebastien ...............................42 Kang, S. ............................................42
Franceschi, A. ...................................72 Henville, Charlie...............................79 Kanitpanyacharoean, Worapon.........50
Frimpong, George.............................18 Heydt, Gerald T. .........................35, 56 Karimi, Ali........................................56
Fukui, Shinta.....................................32 Hirsch, Peter .....................................15 Karlsson, Daniel ...............................79
Fukutome, Suguru ............................64 Hoga, Clemens ...................................6 Kataoka, Yoshifumi ..........................20
Fulczyk, Marek.................................33 Hogan, William.................................75 Kauhaniemi, Kimmo ..........................6
Gabaldón Marín, Antonio.................68 Hojo, Masahide.................................44 Kawada, Masatake............................46
Gagnon, Jean-Marie .........................90 Homan, Christopher M.....................70 Kawahara, Koji.................................49
Galarza, Ricardo J. .....................67, 86 Hongbo, Lian....................................64 Kehrli, A. ..........................................88
Gao, Wenjian ....................................83 Hongesombut, Komsan ....................52 Kelly, Kevin......................................77
García, Antonio.................................73 Hopkins, L. .................................13, 42 Kemp, Herman O..............................17
Garcia, Maria P. ..........................80, 86 Horne, Jonathan................................26 Kersting, Bill ....................................30
Garcia, Paulo Augusto N. .................30 Hsiang, Philip ...................................79 Key, Thomas.....................................12
García Franco, Francisco J. ..............68 Hsiao, T. Y. .......................................34 Keyhani, Ali................................27, 56
Garrison, D. L...................................17 Hu, Rujun .........................................17 Kezunovic, Mladen.....................55, 71
Gascoigne, Randal..............................9 Hu, Y. ................................................45 Khan, Faisal......................................12
Gastaldi, Massimo ............................48 Hua, Bin............................................57 Khedkar, Mohan ...............................24
Genethliou, Dora ..............................43 Huang, Chung-Neng.........................18 Khoroshev, Mark ................................5
George, Moleykutty..........................47 Huang, Janice ...................................64 King, T. L..........................................30
Ghoudjehbaklou, Hassan..................17 Huang, Weidong ...............................67 Kirkeluten, Ø. ...................................28
Giri, Jay ............................................83 Huang, Yi-Hseih .................................3 Kirschen, Daniel S......................80, 86
Gjerde, Jan O. ...................................28 Huang, Ying........................................9 Kladas, Antonios G...........................62
Gnansounou, Edgard ........................39 Hughes, Joseph .................................82 Klaric, Mario ....................................18
Gogolyuk, Petro................................48 Hwang, C. W.....................................20 Klashner, Robb .................................15
Gohokar, Vijay..................................24 Hwang, J. C. .....................................20 Klinkhachorn, Powsiri......................73
Gómez Lázaro, Emilio......................68 Iaria, Adriano....................................12 Ko, H. S. ...........................................54
Gopalakrishnan, V. ...........................40 Ichimura, Toshihiko..........................10 Kober, Felipe ....................................72
Gordon, Martin .................................82 Iimura, Yoshinori ..............................47 Koglin, Hans-Jürgen...........................7
Graham, Mark...................................13 Imai, Shinichi ...................................25 Kojovic, Ljubomir ..............................5
Grande, Ove S. .................................76 Inda, Adrián ......................................20 Kolluri, S. .........................................42
Grant, Ian S...................................9, 27 Indhumathi, C. ..................................64 Kondoh, Junji ...................................72
Grant, Paul........................................88 Ingram, Michael R............9, 27, 29, 36 Koo, Kah Leong ...............................53
Gregory, George D. ..........................17 Irrgang, Bryan G...............................43 Koshimizu, Gentarou........................64
Grijalva, Santiago .............................33 Isaka, Katsuo ....................................46 Kotecha, V. .......................................42
Grinberg, Ilya....................................48 Ishigame, Atsushi .............................37 Kothari, Dwarkadas..........................66
Gu, Qun ..............................................5 Ishii, Itaru .........................................72 Kothari, M. L..............................49, 55
Guillaud, Xavier .........................59, 89 Islam, Md Fakhrul ............................38 Kotsan, Serhiy ..................................33
Guillon, Sebastien.............................29 Islam, Nurul......................................34 Kranz, W. ............................................9
Guo, Bei............................................66 Iwamoto, Shinichi.............................20 Kropp, Thomas .................................79
Guo, C. X..........................................37 Izena, Atsushi .....................................8 Kübler, Bernd ...................................61
93
Kumar, Ranjit ...................................15 Luh, Peter B......................................71 Mori, Hiroyuki..................................47
Kumpulainen, Lauri............................6 Luo, An .............................................47 Morison, Kip...............................54, 83
Kundur, Prabha .................................83 Luo, D. S...........................................45 Moshref, Ali......................................54
Kusic, G. L. ......................................17 Luque, J. .............................................8 Moslehi, Khosrow ............................15
Kuzle, Igor........................................18 Lysiak, Vladyslav .............................48 Mount, Timothy................................80
Kwasnicki, Wes T. ............................17 Macan, Josip .....................................62 Mousavi, Mirrasoul ..........................38
Lamedica, R......................................48 MacDonald, Stuart............................13 Mqasqas, Ibrahim .............................67
Lamont, Lisa A. ................................13 Machado, Jr., Zulmar........................70 Mullany, Hugh ..................................16
Langari, Reza....................................49 Madani, Vahid...................................90 Mundy, Donald L..............................88
Latha, K. ...........................................62 Mailhot, Richard...............................29 Murata, Akinobu...............................72
Latha Mercy, E. ................................64 Majstrovic, Matislav...................68, 69 Nagasaka, Ken..................................21
Laufenberg, Mark .............................76 Makarov, Yuri ...................................79 Nagase, Takayuki..............................85
Le, Khai ............................................85 Makino, Yoshinori ............................64 Nagle, M. ..........................................42
Le-Thanh, Luong..............................60 Mallinger, Thomas............................77 Nara, Koichi .....................................84
Lee, B. W. .........................................14 Malme, Ross .....................................82 Nardecchia, A. ..................................48
Lee, Kwan Woo ................................10 Malozemoff, Alex P. .........................88 Navarro, R. .......................................42
Lee, Kyoung Yong............................10 Mandic, Niko....................................69 Neal, Russell.....................................84
Lee, S................................................42 Mansoor, Arshad...............................12 Nehrir, M. Hashem ...........................55
Lee, Stephen T. ...........................33, 39 Manzoni, A. ......................................72 Neto, Carlos S...................................17
Lehman, Brad ...................................70 Marathe, Achla .................................70 Newberry, Kenneth...........................78
Lehtonen, Matti ................................45 Marinescu, Bogdan...........................31 Nguyen, Tony ...................................21
Leijon, Mats......................................62 Marino, Filippo.................................48 Nieva, Isaias .....................................74
Leirbukt, Albert ................................28 Marmiroli, Marta ..............................85 Niimura, T.........................................54
Lemos, Flávio A. B...........................72 Marmolejo, E..............................14, 59 Niimura, Tak .....................................36
Lenk, Dennis.....................................51 Martinez, Carlos ...............................79 Ning, Chia-Ching ...............................6
León, Carlos .....................................73 Martinez, Luciana.............................66 Nishikawa, Hisao........................10, 25
Li, Jun ...............................................49 Martins, Nelson ..........................28, 56 Nordman, Mikael..............................45
Li, Maojun ........................................47 Maruejouls, Nicolas..........................39 Norheim, Ian.....................................76
Li, Peng.............................................33 Marwali, Mohammad N. ..................27 Novosel, Damir...........................79, 90
Li, Qingmin ......................................44 Massucco, Stefano............................28 Oh, I. S..............................................14
Li, Rui...............................................69 McArthur, Stephen ...........................14 Ohishi, Takaaki .................................65
Li, Rui-qing ......................................67 McClung, Bruce ...............................17 Ohtaka, Toshiya ................................20
Liang, Y.............................................45 McCoy, Michael ...............................76 Ohtani, Junʼichi ................................32
Liao, Gwo-Ching..............................16 McCoy, Paul .....................................77 Oikawa, Atsushi..................................8
Liao, HuaiQing .................................19 McIntosh, J. ......................................85 Oliveira, A. .......................................42
Lin, Xi...............................................83 McNaughton, Gary ...........................82 Oliveira, Edimar ...............................28
Litipu, Zulati.....................................21 Meliopoulos, Sakis ...........................77 Oliveira, Joao....................................89
Littler, Tim........................................26 Mello, J. C. O. ..................................42 Oren, Shmuel..............................75, 80
Liu, Chen-Ching ...............................31 Méndez, E.........................................14 Orths, Antje.......................................41
Liu, Dun-nan.....................................67 Menezes Salgado, Ricardo ...............65 Ortiz García, Mario ..........................68
Liu, Kuo-Hua....................................59 Meng, Ding Zhong ...........................21 Osborn, D. ........................................42
Liu, Peng...........................................25 Mercy, E. Latha ................................50 Oskoui, Arastou ................................ 11
Liu, Shu ............................................53 Mertz, J. L.........................................60 Overbye, Thomas..............................88
Liu, Shuo ..........................................63 Messina, Arturo R.............................53 Palmer-Buckle, Peter ........................38
Liu, Yilu................................27, 29, 36 Michalak, P. ......................................60 Palsson, Magni T. .............................28
Liu, Zheng ........................................46 Michel, Gary.....................................79 Pampin, Gabriela ..............................25
Liu, Zhiqiang ....................................63 Miller, Nicholas ................................55 Pan, Jiuping ......................................18
Livreri, Patrizia.................................48 Mitani, Yasunori .........................44, 52 Papalexopoulos, Alex D. ............67, 86
Livshitz, Albert .................................23 Mix, Scott .........................................79 Papic, Igor.........................................49
Lockwood, S.....................................42 Miyazaki, Kazuhiko ...........................8 Papic, M............................................42
Long, J. ...............................................9 Mizuno, Tadanori..............................32 Parisi, Michael..................................13
Lopes, Ana........................................86 Mogos, E. F.................................59, 89 Park, Chan S. ....................................71
Lopez, Rafael....................................83 Mohammed, Osama..........................63 Park, Dae Hee...................................10
Lu, C. N. ...........................................34 Moholkar, Asawari ...........................73 Park, K. B. ........................................14
Lu, Feipeng...................................5, 33 Molina, Angel ...................................68 Paserba, John ....................................56
Lu, Guojun........................................38 Monedero, Iñigo ...............................73 Patel, Umedbhai ...............................63
Lu, Jiangang .....................................19 Montaño, Juan Carlos.......................73 Patro, P. C. ........................................42
Lu, Ning......................................31, 76 Moors, Cedric ...................................29 Patrono, Giuseppe.............................54
Lu, Wenzhe .......................................56 Moreira, Ajax......................................3 Pavella, Mania ..................................83
Lubkeman, David .............................27 Morgan, Killian ................................16 Peng, Yongjin....................................46
94
Penido, Debora R. R.........................30 Rossin, Richard J. .............................43 Solovev, Mikhail...............................72
Pereira, Jose Luiz........................28, 30 Rothleder, Mark................................64 Song, Hongbiao ..........................55, 71
Pereira, Mario ...................................76 Ruhle, Olaf .......................................41 Soutis, Konstantinos S......................62
Peterson, William .............................68 Russberg, Gunnar .............................57 Soyster, Allen L. ...............................70
Petersson, Ake .................................. 11 Russell, B. Don........................... 11, 49 Spahr, Ronald W. ..............................88
Pfajfar, Tomaz...................................49 Saadat, Soheil ...................................58 Spare, John .......................................84
Pfuntner, Walter ................................78 Sacchi, Rodrigo ................................65 Spelta, Silvano..................................28
Phadke, Arun G. ...............................27 Saeki, Osamu....................................44 Stamtsis, G........................................36
Phillips, Dennis.................................76 Sahni, Mandhir .................................66 Stankovic, Aleksandar M..................70
Pierre, Samuel...................................39 Sakaguchi, Hiromu ...........................37 Starr, Mike ........................................79
Pilo, Fabrizio ....................................12 Salehian, Afshin................................48 Stephenson, Gary..............................85
Pilotto, L. A. S. .................................42 Sanchez-Gasca, Juan ..................29, 55 Stern, Gary A. ...................................71
Pisano, Giuditta ................................12 Saporita, Vince..................................17 Stoft, Steven .....................................75
Pompée, Jean ....................................42 Saric, Andrija T.................................70 Strbac, Goran....................................49
Poshtan, Majid..................................50 Sarma, N. D. R. ................................30 Strongman, W. E...............................19
Potamianakis, Emmanuel .................29 Sarmiento, Hector.............................25 Styczynski, Zbigniew A..............41, 57
Pourbeik, Pouyan..............................26 Satheesh, N. ...................................... 11 Sukemori, Shingo .............................10
Prasanna, R. ......................................40 Satoh, Shigeru.....................................8 Sulaiman, Abdul-Bary R. .................22
Prashant, G. ........................................4 Savulescu, Savu................................83 Sun, Jane...........................................13
Pratt, Rob..........................................82 Sawada, Yoshio...........................10, 25 Sundaresh, Harish...............................4
Pregelj, Aleksandar...........................68 Scarpelli, Peter..................................82 Sunter, S............................................62
Premrudeepreechacharn, Suttichai ...50 Schienbein, Lawrence.......................21 Suryanarayanan, Siddharth...............35
Prestat, Bruno ...................................53 Schlueter, Robert ..............................52 Suzaki, Shirou...................................37
Price, Snuller K. ...............................84 Schmatz, Maria.................................18 Takahata, Yasushi .............................32
Price, William ...................................55 Schneider, Kevin ..............................31 Takano, Ichiro.............................10, 25
Provenzano, Dario ............................40 Schneider, Robert S. ...........................9 Tambey, Neelima ..............................49
Prudenzi, A. ......................................48 Schoder, Karl ....................................56 Tanaka, Tatsuji....................................8
Purkayastha, B..................................31 Schuler, Richard ...............................75 Tang, Le ......................................18, 27
Qi, Li.................................................67 Sedraoui, Khaled ..............................47 Tapia, Ramon R. ...............................41
Qi, Minjun ........................................47 Seen, Chan Lan.................................47 Taranto, Glauco N.................56, 65, 70
Qiu, Jia-Ju.........................................21 Seethapathy, Ravi .............................87 Taylor, Carson W. .................32, 56, 79
Qiu, Wei............................................34 Seifi, Hossein....................................34 Taylor, Tim .......................................18
Quan, Zhou .......................................22 Seita, Kazuari ...................................25 Teeuwsen, Simon P. ..........................54
Quintana, Victor H............................86 Sekar, Arun .......................................69 Tegopoulos, John A. .........................62
Quintero, Alejandro ..........................39 Sen, P. K. ............................................3 Terkmani, M. ....................................89
Radojevic, Z. M..................................7 Sequin, Richard ................................31 Terzic, Bozo......................................62
Rahimi, Farrokh A. ...........................75 Serizawa, Yoshizumi ..........................8 Terzija, Vladimir V. ............................7
Ramanathan, Badri .....................37, 54 Sermanson, Vincent ..........................39 Tesnjak, Sejid ...............................6, 18
Rami, Guillaume...............................60 Shanthi, Vellingiri.............................40 Thirunavukkarasu, P. ........................40
Ramirez, Vanessa..............................32 Shao, Wei..........................................26 Tholomier, Damien.............................5
Ramirez Orquin, Alberto ..................32 Shaolan, Lei......................................22 Thomas, Robert ..........................76, 80
Ramos, G. ...................................14, 59 Sharma, Avdhesh ..............................55 Tivegna, F. ........................................28
Rastgoufard, Parviz ..........................50 Sharma, Chandrabhan.......................41 Tomsovic, Kevin...............................69
Rathod, Jagdish.................................63 Sharma, Siddharth ............................66 Torelli, Francesco .............................54
Ravichandran, S................................64 Shaw, William...................................87 Torres, A. ..........................................59
Ray, Bhaskar.....................................26 Shebl, Kamal M................................43 Torres, Álvaro...................................20
Reddy, Ramana.................................68 Sheble, Gerald ..................................71 Torres, Geraldo L..............................65
Reddy, Sumitra .................................68 Sheikh, Karim...................................34 Torres, M. T. ...............................14, 59
Redmon, John ...................................87 Shieh, C. A........................................34 Torres Macías, Alvaro.......................65
Renmu, He..........................................6 Shoup, Donald ..................................56 Tovar, Eduardo .................................74
Richards, Simon .................................5 Shperling, Ben ..................................13 Tran-Quoc, Tuan...............................60
Robert, Gérard ..................................53 Singh, Brij N.....................................50 Tranchita, Carolina ...........................20
Robinson, Greg.................................78 Singh, Harry .....................................75 Tranchita Rativa, Carolina................65
Rocha, Katia .......................................3 Singh, Krishna K. .............................63 Trehan, Narinder...............................16
Rodríguez, J. A. ..................................8 Sinha, Nidul......................................31 Troxell, Wade....................................39
Rodriquez, Andrew J ........................77 Skok, Srdjan .......................................6 Tsai, Shu-Jen Steven.........................27
Rohatgi, Ajeet ...................................68 Soares, Secundino.............................66 Tsao, Ta-Peng .....................................6
Roitman, Marcos ..............................89 Sobierajski, Marian...........................33 Tsuji, Kiichiro...................................44
Romero, M. C. ....................................8 Solem, Gerd......................................76 Uhlen, Kjetil ...............................28, 76
Ropero, Jorge....................................73 Sollero, Raul .....................................89 Ukai, Hiroyuki..................................44
95
Uma, G. ............................................62 Xu, Zheng .........................9, 10, 18, 35
Useldinger, J. ....................................42 Xue, Feng .........................................83
V, Niranjankumar..............................63 Xue, Yusheng....................................83
Vaiani, Andrea ..................................40 Yalla, Preetham.................................64
Vaiman, M. M...................................42 Yamada, Koji ....................................46
Vaiman, M. Y. ...................................42 Yamaguchi, Hiroshi ..........................72
Valenzuela, Jorge ..............................71 Yamashita, Katsuya ..........................46
Valero Verdú, Sergio.........................68 Yamashita, Koji ................................26
Vandiver, Benton ..............................24 Yan, Joseph H. ..................................71
Vanthournout, Koen............................8 Yansheng, Ding.................................44
Van Cutsem, Thierry.........................29 Yasuda, Tadaaki ................................25
Van Remoortere, Michael.................26 Yeh, Sheng-Nian.................................3
Verneau, Guillaume ..........................60 Yihan, Yang ......................................64
Vieira, M. A. M.................................42 Yokoyama, Ryuichi ..........................69
Vieira Filho, Xisto ............................42 Yong, Taiyou.....................................64
Vignesh, P. S. ......................................4 You, Ruhua .......................................55
Viktorin, Ondrej................................10 Yousefi, G. Reza ...............................34
Visnesky, Anthony ............................33 Youssef, Omar ....................................4
Vittal, Vijay.....................26, 29, 53, 54 Yu, Jing .............................................57
Von Dollen, Donald ..........................82 Yu, Jun ..............................................66
Vournas, Costas ................................29 Yu, Weiyong .................................5, 33
Vrkic, Niksa........................................6 Yu, Yixin ...........................................33
Vu, Khoi ...........................................28 Yucra Lino, Oscar.............................55
Wachi, Tsunehisa ..............................64 Yue, Meng.........................................52
Wagner, Marguerite A.......................85 Yue, Quanming .............................5, 33
Walsh, Michael .................................16 Zampieri, A. V. .................................72
Wang, Chao ......................................35 Zecca, Bruna.....................................40
Wang, Ji ............................................47 Zelenokhat, Nikolay I.......................34
Wang, Lei..........................................83 Zhang, Fan........................................10
Wang, Li ...........................................59 Zhang, Li ..............................27, 29, 36
Wang, Peng.................................35, 36 Zhang, Pei.............................33, 39, 42
Wang, Xiaoming...............................29 Zhang, Yi ..........................................69
Wang, Zhen.......................................21 Zhao, Bo ...........................................37
Wang, Zhenyuan...................18, 68, 87 Zhao, Chengyong ...............................3
Warland, Leif ....................................76 Zhao, Feng........................................71
Wehenkel, Louis ...............................83 Zhao, Tong........................................44
Wei, Wang.........................................44 Zhao, Xia ............................................3
Wei, Xuan .........................................48 Zheng, Li ............................................5
Weipu, Tan........................................64 Zhiguo, Tang.....................................44
Wellman, Craig M. ...........................17 Zhou, Jianzhong ...............................57
Wenfeng, Li ......................................64 Zhou, Joe ..........................................78
Wernsing, Richard ............................87 Zhou, Shuang-xi ...............................21
Widergren, S. E.................................76 Zhu, Shengshi .....................................5
Willis, H. Lee....................................41 Zimmerman, Ray........................76, 80
Wilson, Douglas ...............................53 Zutobradic, Srdjan ............................68
Wilson, Robert E. .............................32 Zwergel, David .................................77
Wilson, Scott ....................................72
Wollner, Gerard ................................18
Wong, Gordon ....................................6
Woodruff, Stephen............................89
Wu, J. K. ...........................................45
Wu, Tong ....................................67, 86
Wu, Warren.......................................15
Xiao, Yu ......................................35, 36
Xingquan, Huang..............................44
Xu, Bei..............................................69
Xu, H. ...............................................54
Xu, Haiteng.......................................36
Xu, Jianbing......................................83
Xu, Taishan.......................................83
96