Tinn-R User Guide
Tinn-R User Guide
TINN-R TEAM
DEDICATION
DEDICATION III
CONTENTS IV
LIST OF FIGURES IX
LIST OF TABLES XI
1 BASICS 1
1.1 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Uninstall Tinn-R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Install and configure Tinn-R and R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Rgui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Rterm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Rterm interface and debug package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Speller installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Inverse DVI search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Ruby and Deplate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Pandoc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Python and Txt2tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.2 App shortcuts (default) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Main menu (systematically) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Call Tip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Code (or data) Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
R Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Alphabetical List of App Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Shortcuts Not User Configurable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.3 FAQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
What is Tinn-R? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Feedback, suggestions and bug report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Tinn-R installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Hotkeys (operational system) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
iv
CONTENTS V
2 WORKING WITH 41
2.1 Application options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Main . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
R......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.2 Selection mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.3 Highlighters (settings) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.4 Shortcuts (Application) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.5 Keystrokes (Editor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.6 Hotkeys (R Send/Control/Custom) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.7 Rterm interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
IO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
LOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.8 Tools interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Misc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Markup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Spell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
R......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
2.9 File tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
2.10 Tools bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Show/Hide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Disposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
2.11 Find and replace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Find . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Replace (Replace dialog only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
2.12 Search in files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Where . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Directory options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Results interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
2.13 Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Shortcuts (related to application) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Keystrokes (related to editor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Hotkeys (R) send . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Hotkeys (R) control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Hotkeys (R) custom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
VI CONTENTS
Card (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Mirrors (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
2.14 Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Opening the demo project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Creating your projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Working with the project in graphical mode . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Working with the project in text mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Submit entire project (or parts) to R interpreter . . . . . . . . 95
Closing your projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
2.15 Working with marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
2.16 Regular expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
What are regular expressions? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Simple Matches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Escape Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Character Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Metacharacters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Regular Expression Tutorials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
ix
X LIST OF FIGURES
xi
XII LIST OF TABLES
BASICS
1
2 BASICS
1.1 CONFIGURATION
Uninstall Tinn-R
• The folder where Tinn-R project stores the ini files will not be re-
moved when unistalling it. Why? Because whenever you install a
different version all your preferences will be preserved.
• You can check where these files are located by checking Help/Ini
files (path information). If you prefer, you may delete these settings
by removing the entire folder manually. All your preferences will
be lost forever if you don’t have a backup file.
R basic configuration:
• You have three basic options in order to switch Rgui from MDI to
SDI:
2. Edit the file Rprofile.site (folder etc where R is installed) and com-
ment (or remove) all prior configuration scripts RELATED TO TINN-
R
3. Start R
a) TinnR
b) svSocket
c) formatR
5. Close R
7. Start Tinn-R
8. From the Tinn-R main menu, choose the option R/Configure/Per-
manent (Rprofile.site). It will write the following text to the file
Rprofile.site:
##===============================================================
## Tinn-R: necessary packages and functions
## Tinn-R: >= 2.4.1.1 with TinnR package >= 1.0.3
##===============================================================
## Set the URL of the preferred repository, below some examples:
options(repos='http://cran.at.r-project.org/') # Austria/Wien
#options(repos='http://cran-r.c3sl.ufpr.br/') # Brazil/PR
4 BASICS
#options(repos='http://cran.fiocruz.br/') # Brazil/RJ
#options(repos='http://www.vps.fmvz.usp.br/CRAN/') # Brazil/SP
#options(repos='http://brieger.esalq.usp.br/CRAN/') # Brazil/SP
library(utils)
## Load packages
library(TinnR)
library(svSocket)
## Uncomment the two lines below if you want Tinn-R to always start R at start-up
## (Observation: check the path of Tinn-R.exe)
#options(IDE='C:/Tinn-R/bin/Tinn-R.exe')
#trStartIDE()
## Option
options(use.DDE=T)
## Start DDE
trDDEInstall()
## Short paths
.trPaths <- paste(paste(Sys.getenv('APPDATA'),
'\\Tinn-R\\tmp\\',
sep=''),
c('',
'search.txt',
'objects.txt',
'file.r',
'selection.r',
'block.r',
'lines.r',
'reformat-input.r',
'reformat-output.r'),
sep='')
• Card: to know the shortcuts related with Rterm and all others
• What is new: to know the news.
1.1. CONFIGURATION 5
If you have any version of Tinn-R (>= 2.2.0.2) installed and configured:
3. Run it.
• Perhaps the best way to get R to communicate with Tinn-R from the
time it is started is to add the following commands to ../etc/Rpro-
file.site in the R install directory:
#===============================================================
# Tinn-R: necessary packages and functions
#===============================================================
library(utils)
necessary = c('svIDE', 'svIO', 'svSocket', 'R2HTML')
installed = necessary %in% installed.packages()[, 'Package']
if (length(necessary[!installed]) >=1)
install.packages(necessary[!installed], dep = T)
library(svIDE)
library(svIO)
library(svSocket)
library(R2HTML)
guiDDEInstall()
6 BASICS
options(IDE = 'C:/Tinn-R/bin/Tinn-R.exe')
options(use.DDE = T)
The first line tells R that you want to use Tinn-R as your IDE (In-
tegrated Development Environment). To make this happen, you
should change the path that leads to where Tinn-R.exe is installed
if it happens to be different from the default configuration. The
second line indicates that you want to start the DDE server auto-
matically.
By doing this, Tinn-R will start automatically once you invoke R.
Rgui
• Tinn-R has an icon within the Options toolbar containing the hint
Options: return focus to editor after send/control Rgui which
enables the user to configure the focus control. When checked:
– If the editor has the focus: it will go back to the editor after
any send to or R control action;
– Otherwise, the focus will be set to the Rgui interface.
Rterm
• The best way to make it compatible again is to add the option below
to the Rprofile.site file:
options(debug.catfile = 'stdout')
Speller installation
• Upon start, Tinn-R will recognize all installed dictionaries. You should
choose one as your default.
C:\Tinn-R\bin\Tinn-R.exe "%f;%l"
• Deplate (user guide here) is a remote Ruby based tool for converting
documents written in wiki-like markup to LaTeX, HTML, HTML
slides, or DocBook format. Deplate supports page templates, em-
bedded LaTeX code, footnotes, citations, bibliographies, automatic
generation of indices, tables of contents, among others. Deplate
can also be used to create Web pages and, via LaTeX or DocBook,
high-quality printouts.
• Tinn-R works with the Ruby interpreter for Windows (ruby.exe) and
Ruby scripts to generate file conversation within deplate.
The conversion options using Deplate depends of the file extension. Are
recognized: .dp, .dpt, .dplt, .deplate and .txt.
10 BASICS
Pandoc
• If you need to convert files from one markup format into another,
Pandoc is your swiss-army knife.
From
DocBook
HTML
JSON version of native AST
LaTeX
markdown
native Haskell
reStructuredText
textile
To Subset(s)
Documentation formats DocBook, GNU TexInfo, Groff man pages
Ebooks EPUB
HTML formats XHTML, HTML5, and HTML slide shows using Slidy,
Slideous, S5, or DZSlides
Lightweight markup formats Markdown, reStructuredText, AsciiDoc, MediaWiki
markup, Emacs Org-Mode, Textile
PDF via LaTeX
TeX formats LaTeX, ConTeXt, LaTeX Beamer slides
Word processor formats Microsoft Word docx, OpenOffice/LibreOffice ODT,
OpenDocument XML
• Txt2tags (user guide here) converts a text file with minimal and
human readable markup to: HTML, XHTML, SGML, LaTeX, Lout,
UNIX man page, Wikipedia, Google Code Wiki, DokuWiki, Moin-
Moin, MagicPoint (mgp), and PageMaker. It is simple and fast, fea-
12 BASICS
turing automatic TOC, macros, filters, include, tools, GUI, CLI, Web
interfaces, translations, and extensive documentation.
The conversion options using Txt2tags depends of the file extension. Are
recognized: .t2, .t2t, .txt2tags. and .txt.
1.2. APP SHORTCUTS (DEFAULT ) 13
R interface:
LISTING 1.1: R INTERFACE KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
ALT + DOWN : R history: down (IO)
ALT + E : R echo (on/off)
ALT + L : Clear (LOG)
ALT + LEFT : Editor: set focus
ALT + PGDN : LOG: set focus
ALT + RIGHT : IO: set focus
ALT + UP : R history: up (IO)
ALT + CTRL + SPACE : R history completion window (IO)
CTRL + - : Insert <-
CTRL + + : Insert ->
CTRL + ENTER : Send line or selection (Editor and IO)
CTRL + F1 : Example on selected word*
CTRL + F2 : Open example on selected word*
CTRL + L : Clear (IO)
CTRL + SPACE : Tip after '(' and completion after '$'
CTRL + TAB : Change seq. IO and LOG to the right**
CTRL + TIL : Send current file to Sweave
SHIFT + CTRL + TAB : Change seq. IO and LOG to the left**
F1 : Help on selected word*
SHIFT + CTRL + B : Clear (IO and LOG)
SHIFT + CTRL + F1 : R help (HTML)*
* (requires an R session)
** (requires focus)
Visualization:
LISTING 1.2: VISUALIZATION KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + F8 :Tools: visible (show/hide)
CTRL + F9 :R interface: visible (show/hide)
CTRL + F10 :R interface: minimize
CTRL + F11 :R interface: optimize
CTRL + F12 :R interface: maximize
CTRL + ALT
+ G :Gutter (show/hide)
CTRL + ALT
+ L :Line number (show/hide)
CTRL + ALT
+ K :Special characters (show/hide)
CTRL + ALT
+ V :Tool bars: all (show/hide)
CTRL + TAB :Change seq. the active page
(Editor, RTerm an Help) to the right*
CTRL + SHIFT + TAB : Change seq. the active page
(Editor, RTerm an Help) to the left*
SHIFT + CTRL + + : Increase font size**
SHIFT + CTRL + - : Decrease font size**
* (requires more than one)
** (text within the main interface)
14 BASICS
Navigation:
LISTING 1.3: NAVIGATION KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + END : End of a doc
CTRL + HOME : Beginning of a doc
END : End of a line
HOME : Beginning of a line
Function Keys:
LISTING 1.5: FUNCTION KEYS
F1 : Help on selected word*
F2 : List the structure of selected object*
F3 : Find again
F7 : Macro record
F8 : Macro play
F9 : Clear the R console*
F10 : Close all graphic devices*
F11 : Remove all objects*
F12 : Clear all*
* (requires an R session)
1.2. APP SHORTCUTS (DEFAULT ) 15
Edition:
LISTING 1.6: EDITION KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
ALT + C : Block comment
ALT + N : Block uncomment (first ocurrence)
ALT + Z : Block uncomment (all ocurrence)
CTRL + ( : Insert (or replace) (|)
CTRL + ) : Insert (or replace) ()
CTRL + A : Select all
CTRL + C : Copy
CTRL + END : End doc
CTRL + HOME : Beginning of a doc
CTRL + I : Block indent
CTRL + T : Delete word
CTRL + U : Block unindent
CTRL + V : Paste
CTRL + X : Cut
CTRL + Y : Delete line
CTRL + Z : Undo
END : End of a line
HOME : Beginning of a line
SHIFT + CTRL + Z : Redo
Project:
LISTING 1.8: PROJECT KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + INS : Add current file to selected group
SHIFT + CTRL + INS : Add file(s) to selected group (with dialog)
DEL : Delete selected group or file
R Script Edition:
LISTING 1.9: R SCRIPT EDITION KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + - : Insert <-
CTRL + - : Insert <- (numeric keypad)*
CTRL + + : Insert ->
CTRL + + : Insert -> (numeric keypad)*
CTRL + * : Insert tip (numeric keypad)*
* (not configurable by user)
16 BASICS
Selection:
LISTING 1.10: SELECTION KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + ALT + S : Mark block
CTRL + ALT + Z : Unmark block
CTRL + ALT + X : Unmark all
SHIFT + CTRL + C : Selection: set to column mode
SHIFT + CTRL + L : Selection: set to line mode
SHIFT + CTRL + N : Selection: set to normal mode
Compilation:
LISTING 1.11: COMPILATION KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + ALT + D : Compilation: LaTeX to DVI (single)
CTRL + ALT + P : Compilation: LaTeX to DVI (single)
SHIFT + CTRL + ALT + D : Compilation: LaTeX to DVI (bibtex)
SHIFT + CTRL + ALT + P : Compilation: LaTeX to PDF (bibtex)
CTRL + ALT + I : Compilation: Make index (makeindex)
File:
LISTING 1.14: FILE MENU KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + N : New file
CTRL + O : Open file
CTRL + P : Print
CTRL + S : Save file
CTRL + W : Close file
SHIFT + CTRL + R : Reload file
SHIFT + CTRL + S : Save file as
SHIFT + CTRL + W : Close all files
Project:
LISTING 1.15: PROJECT KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + INS : Add current file to selected group
SHIFT + CTRL + INS : Add file(s) to selected group (with dialog)
Edit:
LISTING 1.16: EDIT MENU KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + Z : Undo
CTRL + SHIFT + Z : Redo
CTRL + C : Copy
CTRL + X : Cut
CTRL + V : Paste
CTRL + A : Copy all
ALT + C : Block/line comment
ALT + N : Block/line uncomment first occurrence
ALT + Z : Block/line uncomment all occurrences
18 BASICS
Format:
LISTING 1.17: FORMAT MENU KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + F5 : Reformat R (file or selection)
CTRL + I : Block indent
CTRL + U : Block unindent
Marks:
LISTING 1.18: MARKS MENU KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + NUMBER[0..9] : Go to mark (no numeric keypad)
SHIFT + CTRL + NUMBER[0..9] : Mark (no numeric keypad)
CTRL + ALT + S : Mark block
CTRL + ALT + Z : Unmark block
CTRL + ALT + X : Unmark all
Insert:
LISTING 1.19: INSERT MENU KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + - : Insert <-
CTRL + + : Insert ->
CTRL + J : Completion
SHIFT + CTRL + I : Insert dimensional element (LaTeX)
Search:
LISTING 1.20: SEARCH MENU KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + F : Search text
CTRL + G : Go to
CTRL + R : Replace text
F3 : Search again
Options:
LISTING 1.21: OPTIONS MENU KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + ALT + M : Shortcuts/Keystrokes/hotkeys (map)
ALT + E : R echo (on/off)
CTRL + ALT + C : Auto completion \verb{( [ { ' "}
CTRL + ALT + N : Enable notification
CTRL + ALT + U : Update silently
SHIFT + CTRL + N : Selection: set to normal mode
SHIFT + CTRL + C : Selection: set to column mode
SHIFT + CTRL + L : Selection: set to line mode
1.2. APP SHORTCUTS (DEFAULT ) 19
Tools:
LISTING 1.22: TOOLSMENU KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
SHIFT + CTRL + Down : Sort strings
SHIFT + CTRL + P : Conversion: Pandoc*
SHIFT + CTRL + O : Open current HTML files**
SHIFT + CTRL + U : Open current file (generic)
CTRL + ALT + D : Compilation: LaTeX to DVI (single)
CTRL + ALT + P : Compilation: LaTeX to DVI (single)
SHIFT + CTRL + ALT + D : Compilation: LaTeX to DVI (bibtex)
SHIFT + CTRL + ALT + P : Compilation: LaTeX to PDF (bibtex)
CTRL + ALT + I : Compilation: Make index (makeindex)
CTRL + B : Match bracket
F7 : Macro/Record
F8 : Macro/Play
* (a universal document converter)
** (with system default browser)
R:
LISTING 1.23: R MENU KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
ALT + L : Clear (LOG)
ALT + LEFT : Editor: set focus
ALT + PGDN : LOG: set focus
ALT + RIGHT : IO: set focus
CTRL + F10 : R interface: minimize
CTRL + F11 : R interface: optimize
CTRL + F12 : R interface: maximize
CTRL + F9 : R interface: visible (show/hide)
CTRL + L : Clear (IO)
SHIFT + CTRL + B : Clear (IO and LOG)
20 BASICS
View:
LISTING 1.24: VIEW MENU KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
ALT + LEFT : Editor: set focus
ALT + PGDN : LOG: set focus
ALT + RIGHT : IO: set focus
ALT + W : Editor: line wrap (show/hide)
CTRL + ALT + K : Special characters (show/hide)
CTRL + ALT + L : Line number (show/hide)
CTRL + ALT + V : Tool bars: all (show/hide)
CTRL + F10 : R interface: minimize
CTRL + F11 : R interface: optimize
CTRL + F12 : R interface: maximize
CTRL + F8 : Tools: visible (show/hide)
CTRL + F9 : R interface: visible (show/hide)
Call Tip
LISTING 1.25: CALL TIP KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + SPACE : Tip after '(' and completion after '$'
R Explorer
LISTING 1.27: R EXPLORER KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
CTRL + E : Refresh R environment
SHIFT + CTRL + E : Refresh R explorer or filter
1.2. APP SHORTCUTS (DEFAULT ) 21
ALT + : A-Z:
LISTING 1.28: ALT KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
ALT + A : Format
ALT + B : Web
ALT + C : Block comment
ALT + CTRL + SPACE : R history completion window (IO)
ALT + D : Window
ALT + DOWN : R history: down (IO)
ALT + E : Edit
ALT + E : R echo (on/off)
ALT + F : File
ALT + H : Help
ALT + I : Insert
ALT + L : Clear (LOG)
ALT + LEFT : Editor: set focus
ALT + M : Marks
ALT + N : Block uncomment (first occurrence)
ALT + O : Options
ALT + P : Project
ALT + PGDN : LOG: set focus
ALT + R : R
ALT + RIGHT : IO: set focus
ALT + S : Search
ALT + T : Tools
ALT + UP : R history: up (IO)
ALT + V : View
ALT + W : Editor: line wrap (show/hide)
ALT + Z : Block uncomment (all occurrence)
22 BASICS
DEL:
LISTING 1.30: DEL KEYBOARD SHORTCUT
DEL (Project) : Delete selected group or file
END:
LISTING 1.31: END KEYBOARD SHORTCUT
END : End line
Function + : 1-12:
LISTING 1.32: FUNCTION + KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
F1 : Help on selected word*
F2 : List structure of selected object*
F3 : Find again
F7 : Macro record
F8 : Macro play
F9 : Clear the R console*
F10 : Close all graphic devices*
F11 : Remove all objects*
F12 : Clear all*
* (requires an R session)
HOME:
LISTING 1.33: HOME KEYBOARD SHORTCUT
HOME : Beginning line
24 BASICS
1.3 FAQ
What is Tinn-R?
• Both Tinn and Tinn-R are distributed under the GPL 2 license or
above.
Please send your feedback to José Cláudio Faria. If you submit a bug report,
please provide as much detail as possible. This includes indicating the
Tinn-R version, your operating system (Windows XP, Windows 7, etc),
and language (English, French, Portuguese). If the bug is related to an
interface with R, please also indicate which version of R you are using, as
well as whether you are running Rterm or Rgui. Ideally, please also add
the content of the Tools/Results/Ini log interface since this will help us
address the issue more promptly.
Tinn-R installation
• Note that if you install Tinn-R you will likely want to use it along
with R, and so R must be installed separately. R can be obtained
from here.
• Select the directory you want to give yourself permission to write in,
right click, properties, security, and then it depends on your version
of Windows. Once you’ve enabled writing and saved, you’ll need to
go back to Tinn-R. In the main menu choice: R/Configure/Perma-
nent(Rprofile.site).
• Yes. You can get and modify the source code of Tinn-R as well as
redistribute your changes as long as you respect the terms of the
GPL license. The source code is available from SourceForge.
How can I add a shortcut to Tinn-R in the start menu or in the desktop?
• The restore function assumes that you are using same OS and user
name.
• Otherwise:
• You can start your preferred Rgui directly from Tinn-R. To do that,
go to Options/Application/R/Path.
• At the bottom of the dialog box, you can determine the path of the
Rgui executable to start from within Tinn-R. Select Rgui.exe from,
for instance, C:\Program Files\R\R-X.X.X\bin\Rgui.exe).
Note: to use R from within Tinn-R, you must first install it from
http://cran.r-project.org
• Tips are tooltips displaying the syntax of the currently used R func-
tion.
• There are many ways to accomplish this, but here is one: first, con-
figure R so that it undersands that you want to use Tinn-R as your
IDE (Integrated Development Environment). In order to do that,
start a new R session and add the following command:
> library(TinnR)
If those steps work well in manual mode, but you now want them to
run whenever you start R, edit the Rprofile.site file (located in the
\etc\ subdirectory of R. File location varies, but it should be under
something like C:\Program Files\R\R-X.X.X\etc\Rprofile.site). Add
the above-mentioned three lines of code at the end of the Rprofile
file (valid only for versions prior to 3.0.1.0).
options(IDE = "C:/Tinn-R/bin/Tinn-R.exe")
options(use.DDE = TRUE)
library(TinnR)
Switch to Tinn-R and type: cube(. You should get a call-tip display-
ing x if the R call-tip server was correctly installed.
1.3. FAQ 33
Active).
• Yes, you can use CTRL + TAB to go to next file, and CTRL + SHIFT +
TAB to go to previous ones when several files are loaded simultane-
ously in Tinn-R.
Is there a shortcut for <- and -> for the S/R languages?
• The (non user configurable) shortcut for -> is CTRL + ADD key (nu-
meric keypad). Similarly, CTRL + SUBTRACT (numeric keypad) is a
shortcut for <-. -> and <-, all being assignment symbols in the S/R
languages.
Miscellaneous
• Yes you can, but you must first make sure that this option is selected.
Go to Options/Application/Editor/Advanced options tab and
check (x) Alt sets column modes. Once this is done, by pressing
Alt key while selecting your text with the mouse in Tinn-R, the
selection will be done in column mode.
• Yes, but for more convenient use of this function, you must place
Tinn-R and R side by side on your screen and click on the ’Send line’
icon with the mouse (seventh button from the left on the R toolbar).
• If you use a shortcut, you can just submit one line since the R console
gets the focus when code is sent to R. Alternatively, you can set Tinn-
R as a topmost window on top of R using Options/On top. The
downside is that Tinn-R will permanently hide the R console and
there is a chance that you won’t see a part of the output generated
in R during your step-by-step code execution.
• Not yet, but you can download the excellent debug package from
CRAN and use the mtrace function available from there.
• It is a panel you can open at either the left or the right side of your
text. It helps you to manage large projects with multiple documents.
The Computer tab allows you to explore your computer disks and
open one or several files without using File/Open, or switching to
the Windows file explorer. The Project tab is a convenient manager
for all files collected in a given project.
How can I fix incorrect icon displays on Windows after I have installed a
new version of Tinn-R?
• Tinn-R has a button within the Options toolbar with the hint (Op-
tions: return focus to editor after send/control Rgui) that enables the
user to configure out the focus control. When this option is checked
Tinn-R will display the following behavior:
– If the editor has the focus, it will go back to the editor after any
send to or R control action, otherwise it will remain on Rgui.
This is also true when working with a dual-monitor display.
• If the Rterm has the focus, it will be maintained in this interface (IO),
disregarding the Options: return focus to editor after send/control
Rgui.
R complex : The main syntax is R, '<<<' and '>>>' are the tags enabling
the user to insert a block of URI syntax.
R doc : The main syntax is TeX, '>>=' and '@' are the tags enabling
the user to insert a block of R syntax.
R html : The main syntax is HTML, '<!--begin.rcode' and 'end.rcode-->' are the tags enabling
the user to insert a block of R syntax.
R markdown: The main syntax is URI, '```{' and '```' are the tags enabling
the user to insert a block of R syntax.
R noweb : The main syntax is TeX, '>>=' and '@' are the tags enabling
the user to insert a block of R syntax.
38 BASICS
These highlighters do not establish priorities when you set the syntax
color preferences. Thus, if you change the color preferences for any of
these multi-highlighters these settings will be valid only in the current
Tinn-R session and will not be saved when Tinn-R is closed. If you want to
make these changes permanent, just set the preferences from all simple
highlighters.
• If the file has no marks: the option will not be available (grayed
out);
• If the file has one or more marks and the cursor is either above
the first mark or below the last mark: all text (above or below this
mark) will be submitted in relation to the cursor position (above or
below) the mark;
• If the cursor is between any two adjacent marks: all text between
those two marks will be submitted.
• It may happen that the error will not be found at the right place. For
example, the error might be the same word appearing in a comment
which comes before the actual code. In that case the user should
use the shortcut F3 (Find again). The word will appear selected,
than just press OK until finding the right error. The first search
done internally by Tinn-R has Case sensitive and Whole word only as
default, but, this is not passed to the search interface, therefore the
user should just select them if convenient. If the error has numbers
among letters Whole word only is not a good option.
3. Choose "Change language bar hot keys". This brings up the "Text
Services & Input Language" panel.
4. Select that item and click the "Change Key Sequence" button. This
brings up the "Change Key Sequence" panel.
5. Set the Ctrl + Shift in both radio buttons to "Not Assigned" and click
OK.
CHAPTER 2
WORKING WITH
41
42 WORKING WITH
Main
Figure 2.2 and Table 2.1 show the options related to this topic.
Since the options are self-explanatory, Table 2.1 only gives some details
about the most difficult options to understand.
Editor
The Editor window (Figures 2.3, 2.4) was adapted from the sources of
the SynEdit component, mainly related to the general appearance and
standard options. The set of options available complement the Application
options and allows high level of customization.
Display:
44 WORKING WITH
Option Description
Computational syncronization (delay) Several processes are dependent on synchronization between applications
(R, converters, compilers). The optimal value of the delay is determined by
the following characteristics: user habits, hardware and software available.
The ideal value is unique to the various possible combinations of those
three characteristics. Try to reduce to the minimum value (50 ms) and test
it: if something does not work, increase it gradually and keep testing until
getting to the optimal value. The default value (100 ms) may not be optimal
for all users.
Remove extension for Save as All file extensions will be removed in the Save as Windows interface
Application colors (extensive text only) Dark colors (low level of radiation) for the background, and pale light (high
level of radiation) for the characters are reccomended for people who work
with the computer/monitor for long periods. Pictures of this user guide ire
like this
Advanced:
2.1. APPLICATION OPTIONS 45
Option Description
Edge column Will be showed as a vertical line in the editor and the default
is 80 characters. Set it to 0 or a negative value (-1) to make
the edge column not visible
Edge color Choice of the edge color
Tab width Set the number of characters that will be inserted when
typing the Tab key
Extra lines Set the width which each single line will be displayed
Font Will open the Windows interface for choosing installed fonts
Gutter color Will open the Windows interface to choose a color
Visible Visibility option
Autosize Autosize option
Show line number Show line number option
Start at zero Start at zero option
Show leading zeros Show leading zeros option
Use gutter font Use gutter font option
Encoding/EOL:
46 WORKING WITH
Option Description
Auto indent Will indent the caret (position of the cursor in the current line) on new lines with the
same amount of leading white space as the preceding line
Auto size scroll width Automatically resizes the MaxScrollWidth property when inserting text
Drag and drop editing Allows you to select a block of text and drag it within the document to another location
Alt sets column mode Holding down the <ALT> key will put the selection mode into column format
Maintain caret column When moving through lines w/o cursor past EOL, keeps the X position of the cursor
Want tabs (ind./unind. select.) When tabbing (if there is a selection) <TAB> and <SHIFT><TAB> act as block indent,
unindent
Smart tabs When tabbing, the cursor will go to the next non-white space character of the previous
line
Backspace to last character The cursor will go to the next non-white space character of the line
Enhance home key Enhances HOME key positioning, similar to visual studio
Enhance end Key Enhances END key positioning, similar to JDeveloper
Hide scrollbars as necessary If enabled, then the scrollbars will only show when necessary. If you have ScrollPas-
tEOL, then the horizontal bar will always be there (it uses MaxLength instead)
Disable scroll arrows Disables the scroll bar arrow buttons when you can’t scroll in that direction any more
Half page scroll When scrolling with page-up and page-down commands, only scroll a half page at a
time
Scroll by one less Forces scrolling to be one less
Scroll past end of file Allows the cursor to go past the end of file marker
Scroll past end of line Allows the cursor to go past the last character into the white space at the end of a line
Show scroll hint Shows a hint of the visible line numbers when scrolling vertically
Scroll hint follows mouse The scroll hint follows the mouse when scrolling vertically
Tabs to spaces Converts a tab character to a specified number of space characters
Trim trailing spaces Spaces at the end of lines will be trimmed and not saved
Group undo When undoing/redoing actions, handle all continuous changes of the same kind in
one call instead undoing/redoing each command separately
Right mouse moves cursor When clicking with the right mouse for a pop-up menu, move the cursor to that
location
Show special chars Shows the special characters
Insert caret A list with four options: Vertical line, Horizontal line, Half block and block
Overwrite caret A list with options: Vertical line, Horizontal line, Half block and block
This interface (Figure 2.5) allows to change the default encoding and EOL
when creating new files and also the user option related to UTF-8 files.
Figures 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 and 2.9 shows a set of options available. As you can
see, it allows a high level of customization with the R environment.
Processing
There are resources (Figure 2.10 and 2.11) related to conversion (Deplate,
Pandoc and Txt2tags) and compilation (Miktex).
Conversion:
48 WORKING WITH
Tinn-R project makes it easy to work with these nice conversion tools:
Deplate, Pandoc and Txt2tags. (Figure 2.10).
LaTex:
Tinn-R is not a specific editor to LATEX, but it has the basic resources (Figure
2.11) allowing the user to use the main resources of this environment.
50 WORKING WITH
Allows the setting of the current selection mode (Figure 2.12, 2.13 and
2.14).
Select text by clicking and dragging with the left mouse button held down
or moving the cursor with the shift key held down. The status bar will
display an icon indicating the current selection mode.
2.2. SELECTION MODE 51
Normal
This is the standard selection mode (Figure 2.12) found in many Windows
applications.
52 WORKING WITH
Line
This selection mode (Figure 2.13) allows only for complete lines to be
selected.
Column
This selection mode (Figure 2.14) allows vertical blocks of text to be se-
lected. The option ALT sets column mode allowing the selection mode to
be switched to Column Mode when selecting with the mouse by simply
holding down the ALT key. See details at editor (advanced options).
2.3. HIGHLIGHTERS (SETTINGS) 53
This interface (Figure 2.15) allows you to customize the appearance and
colors of the instances of the class SynEdit (Editor, IO and LOG).
The interface is simple and self-explanatory.
Basically, make a choice between the set of highlighters available from the
Highlighters list. The identifier of the selected highlighter will be updated.
It is possible to set only one foreground attribute each time. But it is possi-
ble to set the background for all attributes of the selected highlighter and
also the background of all attributes of all highlighters.
It is also possible to set the color brackets and the active line background.
Observation:
Tinn-R has seven multi-highlighters: HTML complex, PHP complex, R
complex, R doc, R html, R markdown and R noweb, with each one behaving
as follows:
R complex : The main syntax is R, '<<<' and '>>>' are the tags enabling
the user to insert a block of URI syntax.
R doc : The main syntax is TeX, '>>=' and '@' are the tags enabling
the user to insert a block of R syntax.
R html : The main syntax is HTML, '<!--begin.rcode' and 'end.rcode-->' are the tags enabling
the user to insert a block of R syntax.
R markdown: The main syntax is URI, '```{' and '```' are the tags enabling
the user to insert a block of R syntax.
R noweb : The main syntax is TeX, '>>=' and '@' are the tags enabling
the user to insert a block of R syntax.
These highlighters haven’t priorities when you set the syntax color prefer-
ences. Thus, if you change the colors’ preferences of any of these multi-
highlighters these settings will be valid only in the current Tinn-R session
and will not be saved when Tinn-R is closed. So, if you want to make
permanent changes, set the preferences from all simple highlighters.
From version 3.0.1.0 a warning message is displayed whenever a multi-
highlighter is selected. It shows which highlighters the user must change
the characteristics so that they are properly stored and henceforth always
displayed.
2.4. SHORTCUTS (APPLICATION) 55
The Shortcuts customization (Figure 2.16) allows the user to set the short-
cuts related to the application, it works together with the Editor keystrokes,
and allows for high level of customization.
The difference between Shortcuts and Hotkeys (operational system) is that
the former works only with the focus on Tinn-R, whereas hotkeys work
with the focus anywhere.
Read below a brief description of available buttons.
Restore default: Restores the file Shortcuts.xml from the origin (Install-
Path/data/data.zip). Any prior changes to the file Shortcuts.xml in
use will be lost.
Save as default: Opens the save dialog allowing to save the file. From this
point, this file will be the new default shortcuts.
Load: Opens the open dialog allowing to load a shortcut file. From this point
on, this file will be the new default shortcuts.
Edit: Sets the table in edition mode.
Cancel current: Cancels any changes made to the current edition.
Cancel all: Cancels all changes made to the database prior to Save or Save
as default.
Save: Saves to text file (XML) all changes made to the current table.
Close: Closes the dialog. All changes not saved will be lost.
56 WORKING WITH
This interface (Figure 2.39) allows to change the default SynEdit keystrokes.
It is possible only change the keystroke associaed to any ecAction (exe-
cute command action). A set of user friendly keystrokes gives high pro-
ductivity leading with all instances of the class SynEdit: Editor, IO and
LOG.
Read below for a brief description of available buttons (Figure 2.39):
Restore default (K): Restores the file Editor_Keystrokes.xml from the ori-
gin at (InstallPath/data/data.zip). Any prior change to the file ini
file Editor_Keystrokes.xml being used will be lost.
Clear (K): Clear the selected keystroke.
2.6. HOTKEYS (R SEND/CONTROL/CUSTOM) 57
The Hotkeys (operational system) (Figure 2.18) allow setting the hotkeys
related to the operational system. The difference between those hotkeys
and Shortcuts customization is that the latter works only with the focus in
Tinn-R, whereas the hotkeys work with the focus anywhere.
The interface is self-explanatory. Basically you first make a choice from
the R/Hotkeys (operational system) and set the desired Hotkey.
The set of hotkeys will perform actions only if the option Active is checked.
The objective of these options (Inactive and Active) is to avoid conflict with
others applications allowing to enable/disable the set of hotkeys quickly
and easily.
The R/Hotkeys interface was deeply reworked in the version 5.05.01.01
58 WORKING WITH
The IO (Figure 2.20) and LOG (Figure 2.21) interfaces are instances of the
class SynEdit. In other words, all prior user knowledge of the resources
associated with the editor were preserved:
• Marks;
• Shortcuts;
• Syntax;
60 WORKING WITH
• Match brackets;
• Tips;
• Data completion;
1. IO (Figure 2.20): The aim was to add flexibility and power, i.e., joining
the power of SynEdit (editor) and the functionality of a common
console.
When more than one recognized instance of R is running the priority order
is:
1. Rterm;
2. Rgui;
3. Rserver (remote);
2.7. RTERM INTERFACE 61
Resource Description
Edition All resources available to the editor (copy, paste, cut, etc)
can be used
Free navigation Using keyboard keys: Home, Page Up, Page Down, End, Left,
Top, Right and Bottom
Marks CTRL + [0..9] can be used to mark, SHIFT + CTRL +
[0..9] to go to prior marks
Shortcuts All shortcuts available to the editor are also to the IO
Syntax Two options: Text and R
Match brackets Makes it easier to build more complex instructions like
plot(sqrt(rnorm(1e3)), pch=’.’, cex=3)
Tips Are invoked using the same trigger as the editor
Data completion Are invoked using the same trigger as the editor
IO
The IO interface (Figure 2.20 and Table 2.4) is used to receive output
(SDTOUT) from the R environment.
It is necessary to adjust some R options (for example: options(width=70)
to obtain a suitable number of characters in each single line, according to
hardware and user preferences (side of IO, place of IO, length of IO, width
of IO, type and size of font). Once you get a suitable result, it is a good
practice to add this option to the Rprofile.site (located inside of the
folder etc where the R was installed) file. Thus, your option will always be
set when starting R.
62 WORKING WITH
• The last line of the IO interface (the prompt) has special features:
LOG
The LOG interface (Figure 2.21) is used to receive warnings and error
messages (SDTERR) from the R environment.
It has a special pop-up menu that allows the most common tasks. It is
self-explanatory. So, take a small tour (right mouse buttom inside of Rter-
m/LOG) to know all options.
Most of the resources available to the IO are also available to this interface.
64 WORKING WITH
Misc
Tool Description
Windows expl. See details ...
Work expl. See details ...
Project See details ...
Windows expl.:
See Figure 2.22.
• Support drag and drop actions (it is possible to drag any file and
drop it on the editor interface to be opened).
Work expl.:
See Figure 2.22.
• Supports drag and drop actions, i.e, it is possible to drag any file and
drop it in the editor interface that will be opened.
Project:
See Figure 2.22.
• Supports drag and drop actions, ie, it is possible to drag the en-
tire project, groups, or any file and then drop them into the editor
interface that will be opened:
Tool Description
Txt2tags Sets marks, macros and settings of Txt2tags convertor
LaTeX Sets LATEX symbols settings in a customizable manner
Markup
It contains resources (Figure 2.23 and Table 2.6) related to the Txt2tags
and LATEX.
Txt2tags:
Sets (Figure 2.23) marks, macros, and settings for the Txt2tags convertor.
A single click over any graphical will add it to the current editor.
LaTeX:
Set (Figure 2.23) of LATEX symbols. A single click over any graphical object
will add it to the current editor;
The symbols, place and order of all symbols are customizable. To cus-
tomize them, open the folder latex and edit ini path. At the end of the
edition, update the interface using the button Latex: reload symbols (from
ini). Be careful when editing the symbols to maintain the name struc-
ture. For example: Number_SymbolName.FileExtension, 001_alpha.gif,
002_beta.gif. The number will be used to order symbols in the graphical
interface, while the name will be used (if recognized) as a LATEX symbol.
2.8. TOOLS INTERFACE 67
Tool Description
Ini log Displays useful results when starting Tinn-R
Search Interface for Search results associated with Search in files
Hex viewer Interface for hex viewer
Topic Description
Path of executable and sources (origin) Lists executable files and resources
Path of ini folders Lists the path of all folders of the ini
Verification of necessary folder and files Lists the status of folders and files of ini
Tinn-R, app, bkp, colors, editor, syntax, syn- Lists the status of these folders
tax bkp and tmp
Data (version) Lists the status of this folder and files
Latex (version) Lists the status of this folder and files
Project (version) Lists the status of this folder and files
Editor options Lists the status of this folder and files
Shortcuts (version)
Unihighlighter (version) Lists the status of this folder and files
Tmp Lists the status of this folder
Results
It contains resources (Table 2.7) related to Ini log, Search and Hex viewer.
Ini log:
Displays (Figure 2.24 and Table 2.8) useful results when starting Tinn-R.
If you submit a bug report, please also send the results for the respective
page by copying & pasting.
Search:
The interface (Figure 2.25) for Search results associated with Search in
files.
The results for the Search in files actions are displayed as a tree with all
files. Double click the file to open it in the editor interface.
Hex viewer:
The interface (Figure 2.26) for Hex viewer results associated to any active
file.
Spell
Tool Description
Spell Interface to speller
Tool Description
Shortcuts A digital shortcuts interface based in a XML database
Completion A digital completion interface based in a XML database
Comments A digital comments interface based in a XML database
Database
The database (Figure 2.28 and Table 2.9) uses the native XML engine pro-
vided by Embarcadero. Each tab (Shortcuts, Completion and Comments)
has its own pop-up menus and toolbars.
Shortcuts:
2.8. TOOLS INTERFACE 71
The Shortcuts interface allows the user to find out about the internal orga-
nization of Tinn-R and also to customize all shortcuts related to the appli-
cation. It is our intention, in the near future, to add additional keystrokes
related to the editor and to the R hotkeys.
The available buttons (Figure 2.28) are:
The Edit button opens the dialog shown in the Figure 2.38.
Completion:
The Completion resource is very simple and allows high level of user cus-
tomization related to edition. The old implementation of completion
resource showed instability and was replaced. We hope that the users will
like this new one.
This resource adds a granular level of user customization for editing all
within Tinn-R.
The completion (database based) allows the user to add functions based
on several programming languages such as R, TEX, among others.
The available buttons (Figure 2.28) are:
i = i + 1
}
Observations:
1. Only two letters were used to define the functions (for example:
fo = for, fu = function);
2. Therefore, we added the letter c for more complex structures (for
example: foc, fuc);
3. The | symbol is used to define where the cursor will first stop
after auto-completion. After being selected the | symbol marks
the point where the user can start typing.
The Edit button opens the dialog showed in the Figure 2.43.
Comments:
The Comments resource is very simple and allows high level of user cus-
tomization.
From version 3.0.1.0 Tinn-R automatically recognizes the language of the
file on focus. Further, inside the file - if it is a syntax a multi-highlighter
(complex syntax) - which language of the line where the cursor (or selec-
tion) is found.
This identification is done automatically if (and only if) the option (x) Auto
detect language (recomended) is checked. Otherwise the user is forcing
the application to use the comments of the selected language (indicator
arrow).
Selected code snippets involving more than one language will not be
commented/uncommented and a warning message is issued. That is, you
must select only the snippet of a single language.
The available buttons (Figure 2.28) are:
Tool Description
Explorer Simple and functional graphical interface of objects of the
R environment
Card A digital and simple R card based in a XML database
Mirrors A digital and simple R mirrors management based in a XML
database
The Edit button opens the dialog shown in the Figure 2.44.
A simple and functional graphical interface (Figure 2.29 and Table 2.10)
of objects, card and mirrors management of the R environment.
Explorer:
This interface (Figure 2.29) has its own pop-up menu, toolbar and three
combo box. The pop-up menu and toolbar contain the most common
actions related to an object explorer.
The button R explorer: refresh environment sends an instruction to R envi-
ronment requesting the list of all loaded packages in the current session.
The result is shown inside a graphical classified list. When one of these is
selected, the graphical list (and structure) of the objects are shown.
There are two options of filter: type of objects and any sequence of char-
acters associated with the names of the objects.
74 WORKING WITH
Card:
The card was based on two R cards already published: R/Rpad Reference
Card by Tom Short and R reference card by Jonathan Baron.
The Edit button opens the dialog shown in the Figure 2.30.
Read below a brief description of available buttons:
Restore default: Restores the file Rcard.xml from the origin at (InstallPath/data/data.zip).
Any prior changes in the file Rcard.xml currently being used will be
lost.
New: Places the table in insertion mode.
Delete: Delete the current registry from the table.
Edit: Places the table in edition mode.
2.8. TOOLS INTERFACE 75
Mirrors:
The Mirrors is an interface that allows the user to manage the repositories
(or mirrors) of R. You should always choose a repository physically closest
to where you are, so that, the Web communication tends to be faster and
more efficient.
The default mirror is the University Wien (Austria). Consider that this is
the central mirror of CRAN.
The reasons for the Tinn-R always set a repository are two:
The Edit button opens the dialog shown in the Figure 2.31.
Read below a brief description of available buttons:
Restore default: Restores the file Rmirrors.xml from the origin at (InstallPath/data/data.zip).
Any prior change to the file Rmirrors.xml while being used will be
lost.
New: Places the table in insertion mode.
Delete: Deletes the current registry from the table.
Edit: Places the table in edition mode.
Cancel current: Cancels any change made during the current editing ses-
sion.
Cancel all: Cancels all changes made to the database prior to Save.
Save: Overwrites the text file (XML) while saving all changes made to the
current table.
Close: Closes the dialog. All changes not previously saved will be lost.
2.9. FILE TABS 77
The position of the file tabs (Figure 2.32) can be changed by drag and drop.
It allows to put the file tab in a desirable order making it suitable for the
user interface.
The file tabs have itheir own pop-up menu (Figure 2.33) allowing fast
control of the most common tasks.
78 WORKING WITH
Category Description
File New, open, save, save all, reload and print
Edit Undo and redo
Filter Create a new file with all occurrences of typed sequence of
characters
Macro Record and play
Misc On top, focus control and block marks
Processing Conversion, compilation and viewer
R Lots of options to send and control R
Search Current file, in files, replace and go to line
Syntax Drop down list of all syntaxes available
Spell Drop down list of installed dictionaries and a bottom to
start the speller
View Organize screen, Tools (show/hide), Tools (size), Rterm
(show/hide, Rterm (size), options to IO and LOG and word
wrap
Unlike most applications of this category, this interface (Figure 2.34) was
designed to be as small and simple as possible. In other words, the full
access to all resources of Tinn-R are available at the main menu and asso-
ciated shortcuts (it takes time to learn all and most are user configurable).
Two groups are available: main and R tool bar.
The main toolbar interface is categorized (Table 2.11) and contains the
most common tasks:
The R toolbar has two basic divisions: Send (left side, finishing in the
Set work directory buttom) and Control (right side, starting in the List all
objects buttom).
2.10. TOOLS BAR 79
Show/Hide
The Tools bar has its own pop-up (Figure 2.35) menu enabling the user
to choose what resources will be visible (show/hide). To see the pop-up
menu, press the right mouse buttom inside any place of the main tool bar.
Disposition
The interface also allows drag and drop. In other words, you can organize
the order of the individual tool bar inside of the main container.
It is better to do that with the main interface not maximized to avoid
screen flicker (a small nuance related to some version of the Windows and
Borland engine).
80 WORKING WITH
The dialogs for Find and Replace (Figure 2.36) are very similar, so this
session will just discuss the Replace dialog and will point out the changes
when necessary.
Find
When you call up the Find dialog the Find for box will be prefilled with
the word under the cursor. You can type over the entry if you are looking
for another word. There is also a dropdown list of phrases previously
searched.
When you call up the Replace dialog the Replace with box will be filled with
the last string you entered in it. If this is the first time you have called the
Replace dialog since starting Tinn-R then the Replace box will be empty.
You can type over any text in box. There is also a dropdown list of strings
previously used.
Options:
Case sensitive: When this option is set the search is done case sensitively.
For instance, Ab, AB and ab are all treated as different words whereas
they are not if the option is not set.
Whole words only: When this option is set the system will only find com-
plete words matching the search criteria. So, for example, if ab is the
search string the system will not match occurrences of words like abc
or cab.
Regular expressions: See regular expressions ...
Direction:
The direction to search. This option is ignored if searching in selected text.
Forward: Search from the cursor position to the end of the file.
2.11. FIND AND REPLACE 81
Backward: Search from the cursor position to the beginning of the file.
Scope:
Global: Search the entire file.
Selected Text: Search just the selected text.
Origin:
Global: Search from the beginning of the file.
From cursor: Search just from the position of the cursor.
82 WORKING WITH
The Search in files dialog (Figure 2.37) allows you to match a criteria in all
opened files and/or in files on disk.
Options
Case sensitive: When this option is set the search is case sensitive. For ex-
ample, Ab, AB and ab are all treated as different words.
Whole words only: When this option is set the system will only find com-
plete words matching the search criteria. For example, if ab is the
search string the system will not match occurrences of words such as
abc or cab.
Where
Opened files: When this option is set the search is performed on all opened
files.
Directories: When this option is set the search is performed in disk files.
Directory options
Directory: A dropdown list of previously searched directories.
Search in sub directories: When this option is set the search is performed
on all sub directories of the main directory.
2.12. SEARCH IN FILES 83
Results interface
2.13 DATABASES
Restore default: Restores the file Shortcuts.xml from the origin (Install-
Path/data/data.zip). Any prior changes to the file Shortcuts.xml cur-
rently being used will be lost.
Save as default: Opens the save dialog allowing you to save the file. From
this point on, this file will be the new default shortcut.
Load: Opens the open dialog allowing you to load a shortcut file. From this
point on, this file will be the new default shortcut.
Cancel all: Cancels all changes made to the database prior to Save or Save
as default.
Save: Overwrites the text file (XML) saving all changes made to the current
table.
This interface (Figure 2.39) allows to change the default SynEdit keystrokes.
It is possible only change the keystroke associaed to any ecAction (exe-
cute command action). A set of user friendly keystrokes gives high pro-
ductivity leading with all instances of the class SynEdit: Editor, IO and
LOG.
Restore default (K): Restores the file Editor_Keystrokes.xml from the ori-
gin at (InstallPath/data/data.zip). Any prior change to the file ini
file Editor_Keystrokes.xml being used will be lost.
This interface (Figure 2.40) allows to change the R hotkeys related to Send
options.
Restore default (H): Restores the file RH_Send.xml from the origin at (InstallPath/data/data.zip).
Any prior change to the file ini file RH_Send.xml being used will be lost.
This interface (Figure 2.41) allows to change the R hotkeys related to Send
options.
Restore default (H): Restores the file RH_Control.xml from the origin at
(InstallPath/data/data.zip). Any prior change to the file ini file
RH_Control.xml being used will be lost.
This interface (Figure 2.42) allows to change the R hotkeys related to Send
options.
Read below for a brief description of available buttons (Figure 2.42):
Restore default (H): Restores the file RH_Custom.xml from the origin at (InstallPath/data/data.zip).
Any prior change to the file ini file RH_Custom.xml being used will be
lost.
Completion
This resource adds a granular level of user customization for editing all
within Tinn-R.
The completion (database based) allows the user to add functions based
on several programming languages such as R, TEX, among others.
Read below for a brief description of available buttons (Figure 2.43):
Restore default: Restores the file Completion.xml from the origin at (InstallPath/data/data.zip).
Any prior change to the file Completion.xml being used will be lost.
Cancel all: Cancels all changes made to the database prior to Save.
Save: Overwrites the text file (XML), saving all changes made to the current
table.
Comments
The Comments resource is very simple and allows high level of user cus-
tomization.
From version 3.0.1.0 Tinn-R automatically recognizes the language of the
file on focus. Further, inside the file - if it is a syntax a multi-highlighter
(complex syntax) - which language of the line where the cursor (or selec-
tion) is found.
This identification is done automatically if (and only if) the option (x) Auto
detect language (recomended) is checked. Otherwise the user is forcing
the application to use the comments of the selected language (indicator
arrow).
90 WORKING WITH
Selected code snippets involving more than one language will not be
commented/uncommented and a warning message is issued. That is, you
must select only the snippet of a single language.
Read below a brief description of available buttons (Figure 2.44):
Restore default: Restores the file Comments.xml from the origin at (InstallPath/data/data.zip).
Any prior changes in the file Comments.xml currently being used will
be lost.
Edit: Places the table in edition mode.
Cancel current: Cancels any change made to the current edition.
Cancel all: Cancels all changes made to the database prior to Save.
Save: Overwrites the text file (XML) saving all changes made to the current
table.
Close: Closes the dialog. All non-saved changes will be lost.
Card (R)
The card was based on two R cards already published: R/Rpad Reference
Card by Tom Short and R reference card by Jonathan Baron.
Restore default: Restores the file Rcard.xml from the origin at (InstallPath/data/data.zip).
Any prior changes in the file Rcard.xml currently being used will be
lost.
New: Places the table in insertion mode.
Delete: Delete the current registry from the table.
Edit: Places the table in edition mode.
Cancel current: Cancels any change made to the current edition.
Cancel all: Cancels all changes made to the database prior to Save.
Save: Overwrites the text file (XML) saving all changes made to the current
table.
Close: Closes the dialog. All non-saved changes will be lost.
2.13. DATABASES 91
Mirrors (R)
The Mirrors is an interface that allows the user to manage the repositories
(or mirrors) of R. You should always choose a repository physically closest
to where you are, so that, the Web communication tends to be faster and
more efficient.
The default mirror is the University Wien (Austria). Consider that this is
the central mirror of CRAN.
The reasons for the Tinn-R always set a repository are two:
Restore default: Restores the file Rmirrors.xml from the origin at (InstallPath/data/data.zip).
Any prior change to the file Rmirrors.xml while being used will be
lost.
New: Places the table in insertion mode.
Delete: Deletes the current registry from the table.
Edit: Places the table in edition mode.
Cancel current: Cancels any change made during the current editing ses-
sion.
Cancel all: Cancels all changes made to the database prior to Save.
Save: Overwrites the text file (XML) while saving all changes made to the
current table.
Close: Closes the dialog. All changes not previously saved will be lost.
92 WORKING WITH
2.14 PROJECTS
Overview
You can also drag the object (entire project, group or individual file) to
the editor. Doing so will open the corresponding files for viewing in the
editor.
First, to see a project, you must open the Tools pane: View/Tools/Tools
(CTRL+F8 by default) and choose the page Misc/Project.
Once you have opened the first project, you can use the first yellow-brown
file-card icon whenever you wish to open a project from the displayed list.
To start your own project, click the smaller yellow-brown file-card icon,
then New.
The new project will be stored as a .tps file. Add groups to the project with
the green file-card icon. Add files to a group, or directly to the project itself,
with the multiple-sheets icon, then click on Add. Files can be selected and
dragged and dropped to change the groupings. Groups can be renamed by
highlighting the group name, then right clicking. Groups can be expanded
and contracted all at once with two other icons. You can close the Tools
pane if it is getting in the way with |X| at the top right. Later, re-open it and
your project will still be present.
For small projects, changing the project structure is preferable, for exam-
ple, to add or exclude files, change groupings, rename objects directly
in graphical mode using the taskbar buttons of the project and popup
menus available. They are self explanatory.
To create or edit projects with many groups, and/or files, editing in text
mode is usually more productive than in graphical mode (Figure 2.50).
2.14. PROJECTS 95
For this, with a project (eg pDemo.tps) open in the GUI, the third button
from the right on the project: edit (as text file) project taskbar.
This opens the text file in the editor. It can then be viewed and edited
within the rules for a project file. After saving it (Crtl+S), the second
button from left to right will reconstruct the graphical interface of the
project from its textual description.
If you organize your R scripts into projects with a proper group structure,
a project popup menu option allows the individual file, group, and entire
project to be sent to the interpreter. This can be very productive in R
package development and more complex data analyses.
When finished with the project, or just to back it up as it is, click the smaller
yellow-brown file-card icon, then Save.
96 WORKING WITH
Overview
When working with long text or program files, moving from one part of
the file to another can be done with the scroll bars, the GoTo line number
function (CTRL+G), or under Search, or by searching for specific text strings
(CTRL+F). However, these methods become laborious for frequent moves.
Placing marks in the text at points you will want to return is more efficient.
Marks are visible as small, circled numbers in the left-side column of the
editor, at the start of the line that is marked (Figure 2.51).
Use marks as follows:
3. Move a mark from one location to another: eg. for Mark 5. Position
the cursor at the new position, then CTRL+SHIFT+5, as in (1). The
original position of Mark 5 is lost, and the new position stored.
4. Delete a mark: position the cursor at the existing position using, eg.
CTRL+5. Then re-mark 5, as in (1), with CTRL+SHIFT+5 The number
5 beginning of the line disappears to show that mark 5 has been lost
and is free for use later.
Basic options are also available in the Misc taskbar and in the main
menu Marks.
98 WORKING WITH
Simple Matches
Examples:
ER Matches
foobar foobar
\ˆFooBarPtr ˆFooBarPtr
Escape Sequences
ER Description
\xnn Char with hex code nn
\x{nnnn} Char with hex code nnnn (one byte for plain text and two
bytes for Unicode)
\t Tab (HT/TAB), same as \x09
\n Newline (NL), same as \x0a
\r Carriage return (CR), same as \x0d
\f Form feed (FF), same as \x0c
\a Alarm (bell) (BEL), same as \x07
\e Escape (ESC), same as \x1b
Examples:
ER Matches
foo\x20bar foo bar (note space in the middle)
\tfoobar foobar predefined by tab
Character Classes
Examples:
ER Matches
foob[aeiou]r foobar, foober, etc. But not foobbr, foobcr, etc
foob[ˆaeiou]r foobbr, foobcr, etc. But not foobar, foober, etc
Within a list, the - character is used to specify a range, so that a-z repre-
sents all characters between a and z, inclusive.
If you want - itself to be a member of a class, put it at the start or end of
the list, or escape it with a backslash. If you want ] you may place it at the
start of list or escape it with a backslash.
Examples:
ER Matches
[-az] a, z and -
[az-] a, z and -
[a\-z] a, z and -
[a-z] All twenty six small characters from a to z
[\n-\x0D] Any of ASCII #10(Lf), #11, #12(Ff), #13(Cr)
[\d-t] Any digit, - or t
[]-a] Any char from ]..a
100 WORKING WITH
Metacharacters
ER Description
ˆ Start of line
$ End of line
\A Start of text
\Z End of text
. Any character in line
Examples:
ER Matches
ˆfoobar foobar only if it’s at the beginning of line
foobar$ foobar only if it’s at the end of line
ˆfoobar$ foobar only if it’s the only string in line
foob.r foobar, foobbr, foob1r and so on
ER Description
\w An alphanumeric character (including _)
\W A non alphanumeric character
\d A numeric character
\D A non-numeric character
\s Any space (same as [ \t\n\r\f])
\S A non space
Examples:
2.16. REGULAR EXPRESSIONS 101
ER Matches
foob\dr foob1r, foob6r and so on but not foobar, foobbr and so on
foob[\w\s]r foobar, foob r, foobbr and so on but not foob1r, foob=r and so on
Metacharacters - Iterators:
Any item of a regular expression may be followed by another type of
metacharacters - iterators. Using this metacharacters you can specify
number of occurrences of the previous character, metacharacter or subex-
pression.
ER Matches
* Zero or more ("greedy"), similar to {0,}
+ One or more ("greedy"), similar to {1,}
? Zero or one ("greedy"), similar to {0,1}
{n} Exactly n times ("greedy")
{n,} At least n times ("greedy")
{n,m} At least n but not more than m times ("greedy")
*? At least n but not more than m times ("greedy")
+? At least n but not more than m times ("greedy")
?? Zero or one ("non-greedy"), similar to {0,1}?
{n}? Exactly n times ("non-greedy")
{n,}? At least n times ("non-greedy")
{n,m}? At least n but not more than m times ("non-greedy")
So, digits in curly brackets of the form {n,m}, specify the minimum num-
ber of times to match the item n and the maximum m. The form {n} is
equivalent to {n,n} and matches exactly n times. The form {n,} matches
n or more times. There is no limit to the size of n or m, but large numbers
will chew up more memory and slow down r.e. execution.
If a curly bracket occurs in any other context, it is treated as a regular
character.
Examples:
102 WORKING WITH
ER Matches
foob.*r foobar, foobalkjdflkj9r and foobr
foob.+r foobar, foobalkjdflkj9r but not foobr
foob.?r foobar, foobbr and foobr but not foobalkj9r
fooba{2}r foobaar
fooba{2,}r foobaar, foobaaar, foobaaaar, ...
fooba{2,3}r foobaar, or foobaaar but not foobaaaar
Metacharacters - Alternatives:
You can specify a series of alternatives for a pattern using | to separate
them, so that fee|fie|foe will match any of fee, fie, or foe in the target
string (as would f(e|i|o)e). The first alternative includes everything from
the last pattern delimiter ((, [, or the beginning of the pattern) up to the
first |, and the last alternative contains everything from the last | to the
next pattern delimiter. For this reason, it’s common practice to include
alternatives in parentheses, to minimize confusion about where they start
and end.
Alternatives are tried from left to right, so the first alternative found for
which the entire expression matches, is the one that is chosen. This means
that alternatives are not necessarily greedy. For example: when matching
foo|foot against barefoot, only the foo part will match, as that is the first
alternative tried, and it successfully matches the target string. (This might
not seem important, but it is important when you are capturing matched
text using parentheses).
Also remember that | is interpreted as a literal within square brackets, so
if you write [fee|fie|foe]. You’re really only matching [feio|].
Examples:
ER Matches
foo(bar|foo) foobar or foofoo
Metacharacters - Subexpressions:
The bracketing construct ( ... ) may also be used to define r.e. subexpres-
sions (after parsing, you can find subexpression positions, lengths and
actual values in MatchPos, MatchLen and Match properties of TRegExpr,
and substitute it in clip strings by TRegExpr.Substitute).
Subexpressions are numbered based on the left to right order of their
2.16. REGULAR EXPRESSIONS 103
Examples:
ER Matches
(foobar){8,10} Strings which contain 8, 9 or 10 instances of the foobar
foob([0-9]|a+)r foob0r, foob1r , foobar, foobaar, foobaar, ...
(abc(def)ghi(123))xzy abcdefghi123xyz (the only match)
Then backreferences:
ER Description
\1 = abcdefghi123
\2 =def
\3 =123
\0 =abcdefghi123xyz (the whole match)
We could find the same string using metacharacter Iterators with: (\w{3}([d-
f]{3})...(\d*))xyz and the backreferences would have the same val-
ues. And yet the pattern would also match: 123fdd@#$4444xyz, bbbeee-
abc1234567xyz, ddddddaaaxyz.
Metacharacters - Backreferences:
Metacharacters \1 through \9 are interpreted as backreferences in the
Search text box. When used outside of the regular expression, such as in
the Replace text field, metacharacters $1 through $9 are interpreted as
backreferences to the last find.
\<n> matches previously matched subexpression #<n>.
Find Examples:
ER Matches
(.)\1+ aaaa and cc
(.+)\1+ abab and 123123
([’"]?)(\d+)\1 "13"(in double quotes), or ’4’ (in single quotes) or 77 (with-
out quotes), ...
The following is a list of a few sites that contain tutorials on both regular
expressions in general and their use in specific languages:
104 WORKING WITH
• General Tutorial
MENU DESCRIPTION
This chapter provides information about the main menu for Tinn-R.
105
106 MENU DESCRIPTION
3.1 FILE
Option Description
New Creates a new file
Template See options ...
Open Opens selected file as text
Open all recent files Opens all files from the Most Recently Used (MRU) file list
Recent files Displays a Most Recently Used (MRU) file list. Selecting one of
the displayed files will open that file
Reload Reloads the current files to the last saved status
Save Saves the current file. If the file has not been previously saved
then the ’File Save As’ dialog will open first
Save as Saves the current file with a new name
Save all Saves all changed files. If a file has not been previously saved
the ’File Save As’ dialog will open first
Close Closes the current file. If the file has not been saved you will be
prompted to save it
Close all Closes all files including projects
Print Will open a Tinn-R dialog allowing settings and actions associ-
ated with the current file
Copy full path to clipboard See options ...
Exit Exits the application
Template
Option Description
R script Creates a R script template
R doc See options ...
R html Creates a R html template
R markdown Creates a R markdown template
R noweb Creates a R noweb template
3.1. FILE 107
R doc
Option Description
Function Creates a R doc function template
Dataset Creates a R doc dataset template
Empty Creates a R doc empty template
Option Description
Unix mode ../.. Copy full path of current file to clipboard in Unix mode ../..
Windows mode ..\.. Copy full path of current file to clipboard Windows mode ..\..
108 MENU DESCRIPTION
3.2 PROJECT
Option Description
Project See options ...
Group(s) See options ...
File(s) See options ...
Recent The option will display a Most Recently Used (MRU) project file list.
Selecting one of the displayed files will open that file
Edit (as text file) Opens the textual description of the project for editing
Reload (from text file) Reloads the graphical project interface from the textual description
of the project
Project
Option Description
New Creates new project. If you have an open unsaved project you will be
prompted to save the project file
Open Opens existing project and restores the project’s state
Open demo Opens existing demo project and restores the project’s state
Save Saves the project file
Save as Saves the current file with a new name
Close project This option will close any files that are in a virtual folder
Delete current This option will delete the virtual folder of the current project
3.2. PROJECT 109
Group(s)
Option Description
New Creates a new group of current project
Rename Renames a selected group of current project
Delete current Removes the selected group from the current project
Delete all Removes all groups from the current project
Expand all Expands all groups of the current project in the graphical interface
Collapse all Collapses all groups of the current project in the graphical interface
File(s)
Option Description
Open all (project) Opens all files of a project
Close all (project) Closes all files of a project
Open all (selected group) Opens all files of a selected group
Close all (selected group) Closes all files of a selected group
Add Opens the windows interface to select file(s) and add the se-
lected(s) files to a selected group
Add current Add the current file to the selected group
Remove all (project) Removes all files from the project
Remove all (selected group) Removes all files from the selected group
Remove Removes selected file
Copy full path to clipboard Copies the full path of selected files to the clipboard
110 MENU DESCRIPTION
3.3 EDIT
Option Description
Undo Undoes the last action
Redo Re-applies any actions undone using the Undo option
Copy Copies the selected text and places it in the Windows clip-
board
Cut Cuts the selected text and places it in the Windows clipboard
Paste Places any text in the Windows clipboard at position indi-
cated by the cursor within the file
Copy formatted (to export) See options ...
Select all Selects the whole text contained in the file
Comment Adds comments to selected line(s)
Uncomment firsts occurrence Removes the first occurrence from a comment in the se-
lected line(s)
Uncomment all occurrence Removes all occurrences from a comment in the selected
line(s)
Option Description
RTF Copies the selected text and places it in the Windows clipboard in Rtf
format
HTML Copies the selected text and places it in the Windows clipboard in Html
format
TeX Copies the selected text and places it in the Windows clipboard in TeX
format
3.4. FORMAT 111
3.4 FORMAT
Option Description
Selection See options ...
Word See options ...
Format R (file or selection) Reformat a whole file or selection by using formatR package
Encoding See options ...
EOL (line ending) See options ...
UTF-8 (special case) See options ...
Selection
Option Description
Indent Indents selected line(s)
Unindent Unindents selected line(s)
Uppercase selection Converts selected text into upper case
Lowercase selection Converts selected text into lower case
Invert selection Inverts the case of all selected text
Word
Option Description
Uppercase word Converts the word under the cursor to upper case
Lowercase word Converts the word under the cursor to lower case
Invert case Inverts the case of the word under the cursor
112 MENU DESCRIPTION
Encoding
Option Description
Default (new files) See options ...
Convert (current to) See options ...
Option Description
ANSI Sets encoding to ANSI
UTF-8 Sets encoding to UTF-8
UTF16-LE Sets encoding to UTF16-LE
UTF16-BE Sets encoding to UTF16-BE
Option Description
ANSI Converts current encoding to ANSI
UTF-8 Converts current encoding to UTF-8
UTF16-LE Converts current encoding to UTF16-LE
UTF16-BE Converts current encoding to UTF16-BE
Option Description
Default (new files) See options ...
Convert (current to) See options ...
3.4. FORMAT 113
Option Description
WIN (CR+LF) WIN (CR+LF)
MAC (CR) MAC (CR)
UNIX (LF) UNIX (LF)
Option Description
WIN (CR+LF) Convert to WIN (CR+LF)
MAC (CR) Convert to MAC (CR)
UNIX (LF) Convert to UNIX (LF)
Option Description
Apply to open ANSI files ANSI files without any special characters it will be always
reconized as UTF-8 encoding
Always add the BOM When saving it will be always added the BOM
114 MENU DESCRIPTION
3.5 MARKS
Option Description
Block See options ...
Unmark all Unmarks all marks of the current file
Block
Option Description
Mark Marks selected block: 0 to begin and 1 to end
Unmark Unmarks any previous marked block. It is not necessary to select the marked
block
3.6. INSERT 115
3.6 INSERT
Option Description
R (assignment) See options ...
LaTeX See options ...
Completion Insert the completion
Date / Time stamp Inserts the current system time and date
R (assignment)
Option Description
<- Insert left assignment
-> Insert right assignment
Latex
Option Description
Math See options ...
Header See options ...
Format See options ...
Font See options ...
Math
116 MENU DESCRIPTION
Option Description
Dimensional Opens a dialog box to insert a dimensional element: Array, Matrix, Tabular or
Tabbing
frac{}{} Inserts frac{}{}. If there are two selected elements, for example 1 2, it will
place both elements in the correct position, i.e, frac{1}{2}
sqrt{} Inserts sqrt{}. If an element is selected, say 9, it will place this element in the
correct position, i.e, sqrt{9}
sqrt[]{} Inserts sqrt[]{}. If there are two selected elements, for example 3 27, it will
place both in the correct position, i.e, sqrt[3]{27}
3.6. INSERT 117
Header
Option Description
Part Inserts \part{} if no selection or \part{selected}
Chapter Inserts \chapter{} if no selection or \chapter{selected}
Section Inserts \section{} if no selection or \section{selected}
Sub-section Inserts \subsection{} if no selection or \subsection{selected}
Sub-sub-section Inserts \subsubsection{} if no selection or \subsubsection{selected}
Paragraph Inserts \paragraph{} if no selection or \paragraph{selected}
Sub-paragraph Inserts \subparagraph{} if no selection or \subparagraph{selected}
Format
Option Description
Itemization Inserts itemization or itemizes a selection
Enumeration Inserts enumeration or enumerates a selection
Left Inserts tag to align the text on the left or to align the selection on the left
Center Inserts tag to align the text on the center or to centralize the selection
Right Inserts tag to align the text right or to align the selection on the right
118 MENU DESCRIPTION
Font
Option Description
Enphase Inserts \emph{} if no selection or \emph{selected}
Bold Inserts \textbf{} if no selection or \textbf{selected}
Italic Inserts \textit{} if no selection or \textit{selected}
Slatend Inserts \textsl{} if no selection or \textsl{selected}
Typewriter Inserts \texttt{} if no selection or \texttt{selected}
Small caps Inserts \textsc{} if no selection or \textsc{selected}
Tiny Inserts {\tiny {}} if no selection or {\tiny {selected}}
Script size Inserts {\scriptsize {}} if no selection or {\scriptsize {selected}}
Footnote size Inserts {\footnotesize {}} if no selection or {\footnotesize {selected}}
Small Inserts {\small {}} if no selection or {\small {selected}}
Normal Inserts {\normalsize {}} if no selection or {\normalsize {selected}}
Large Inserts {\large {}} if no selection or {\large {selected}}
Larger Inserts {\Large {}} if no selection or {\Large {selected}}
Largest Inserts {\LARGE {}} if no selection or {\LARGE {selected}}
Huge Inserts {\huge {}} if no selection or {\huge {selected}}
Huger Inserts {\Huge {}} if no selection or {\Huge {selected}}
3.7. SEARCH 119
3.7 SEARCH
Option Description
Find Opens the Find dialog
Find again Uses the previously entered search criteria to find the next occurrence, i.e,
one closer to the end of the file. This option is not available if a search has
not been carried out.
Search in files Opens the Search in files dialog
Replace Opens the Replace dialog
Go to This option produces the dialog below and allows you to move the cursor to
the specified position
120 MENU DESCRIPTION
3.8 OPTIONS
Option Description
Application Opens the Application options dialog
Shortcuts/keystrokes/hotkeys Opens the Shortcuts customization dialog
Highlighters (settings) Opens the Highlighters (settings) dialog
Syntax (highlighters) See options ...
File (open maximized) When this option is set all files will be opened maximized
R echo (on/off ) Toggles R echo option (file, selection, clipboard, block, contiguous
and lines to end page)
Rgui focus (return to editor) When this option is set the focus will go back to the active editor
after any Send or Control action
On top Toggles Tinn-R’s ability to be the topmost window on the desktop
Read only Toggles file read-only status. When set as read-only the file name
on the file tab is among <...>
Auto completion Toggles auto completion resource
Enable notification Toggles file notification resource
Update silenty Toggles update silenty resource
Selection mode See options ...
Syntax (highlighter)
Option Description
Set See options ...
Default (to new files) See options ...
3.8. OPTIONS 121
Set
Option Description
All File without extension or not recognized extension
Assembly x86 x86 Assembly files
Bath MS_DOS MS_DOS Bath files
C# C# files
C/C++ C/C++ files
CSS Cascading SS files
Fortran Fortran files
Haskell Haskell files
HTML Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) files
HTML complex Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) complex (HTML & JavaScript) files
INI INI files
Java Java files
JavaScript JavaScript files
Object Pascal Pascal files
Perl Perl files
PHP PHP files
PHP complex PHP (HTML & JavaScript & PHP) complex files
Python Python files
R R files
R complex R complex (R & URI) files
R doc Rd files
R html Rhtml files
R markdown Rmd files
R noweb R noweb (TeX & R) files
Ruby Ruby files
SQL SQL files
Structured Text Structured Text files
TclTk TclTk files
TeX TeX files
Text Text files
URI Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) files
MS VBScript MS VBScript files
Visual Basic Visual Basic files
XML XML files
If necessary select manually one of the list. Tinn-R recognizes automati-
cally the syntax based on the file extensions.
122 MENU DESCRIPTION
Option Description
R When this option is set the highlighter of all new files will be set as R
R complex When this option is set the highlighter of all new files will be set as R complex
Text When this option is set the highlighter of all new files will be set as Text
Selection mode
Option Description
Normal See selection type normal ...
Line See selection type line ...
Column See selection type column ...
3.9. TOOLS 123
3.9 TOOLS
Option Description
Processing See options ...
Database See options ...
Backup See options ...
Restore See options ...
Macro See options ...
ASCII chart Allows you to insert an active char to the active document
Differences Opens the nice TextDiff command by Angus Johnson integrated within Tinn-
R
Spell Starts the speller (see instructions ...)
Sort See options ...
Count Shows the result of the count action (words, characters + spaces, character -
spaces and spaces) for files or a text selection
Match bracket Search for matching bracket. See details below
How to match: The cursor must be placed immediately before any of the
bracket characters. When this option is called the cursor will move
to the point immediately before the matching bracket.
Processing
Option Description
Conversion See options ...
Compilation (LaTeX) See options ...
Viewer See options ...
124 MENU DESCRIPTION
Conversion
Option Description
Deplate to See options ...
Pandoc See options ...
Txt2tags to See options ...
Deplate to
Option Description
LaTeX Converts a Deplate file to LaTeX
LaYeX-dramatist Converts a Deplate file to LaTeX-dramatist
Sweave Converts a Deplate file to Sweave
Plain Converts a Deplate file to Plain
HTML Converts a Deplate file to HTML
HTML site Converts a Deplate file to HTML site
HTML slides Converts a Deplate file to HTML slides
XHTML 1.0 transitional (xhtml10t) Converts a Deplate file to XHTML 1.0 transitional
XHTML 1.1 with MathML (xhtml11m) Converts a Deplate file to XHTML 1.1 with
MathML
PHP Converts a Deplate file to PHP
Dbk-article Converts a Deplate file to Dbk-article
Dbk-book Converts a Deplate file to Dbk-book
Dbk-ref Converts a Deplate file to Dbk-ref
Tip: see details ...
3.9. TOOLS 125
Pandoc
Txt2tags to
Option Description
LaTeX Converts a Txt2tags file into LaTeX
Sweave Converts a Txt2tags file into Sweave
Txt Converts a Txt2tags file into txt
HTML Converts a Txt2tags file into HTML
XHTML Converts a Txt2tags file into XHTML
SGML Converts a Txt2tags file into SGML
Lout Converts a Txt2tags file into Lout
Man page Converts a Txt2tags file into Man page
Wikipedia Converts a Txt2tags file into Wikipedia
Google code wiki Converts a Txt2tags file into Google code wiki
Doku wiki Converts a Txt2tags file into Doku wiki
Moinmoin Converts a Txt2tags file into Moinmoin
Magic point Converts a Txt2tags file into Magic point
Page maker Converts a Txt2tags file into Page maker
Compilation (LaTeX)
3.9. TOOLS 127
Option Description
Always shows console minimized When this option is set the DOS console will be mini-
when compiling mized when compiling
DVI (single) Compiles a LaTeX file to DVI in single way
DVI (bibtex) Compiles a LaTeX file to DVI in bibtex way (three com-
pilation)
PDF (single) Compiles a LaTeX file to PDF in single way
PDF (bibtex) Compiles a LaTeX file to PDF in bibtex way (three com-
pilation)
Make index (makeindex)
LaTeX clear (waste)
Viewer
Option Description
DVI See options ...
PDF See options ...
HTML See options ...
Open current file (generic)
DVI
Option Description
Open always after compilation (option) When this option is set the DVI file will be
opened by the viewer after the compilation
Open file Shows the Windows Open dialog to select a
DVI file to be opened by the viewer
Option Description
Open always after compilation (option) When this option is set the PDF file will be
opened by the viewer after the compilation
Open file Shows the Windows Open dialog to select a
DVI file to be opened by the viewer
HTML
128 MENU DESCRIPTION
Option Description
Open always after conversion (option) When this option is set the HTML file will be
opened by the viewer after the conversion
Open current file Opens the current HTML file with the viewer
Open file Shows the Windows Open dialog to select a
HTML file to be opened by the viewer
Database
Option Description
Shortcuts Shows Shortcuts database (XML based) dialog
Completion Shows Completion database (XML based) dialog
Comments Shows Comments database (XML based) dialog
Card (R) Shows R card database (XML based) dialog
Mirrors (R) Shows R mirrors database (XML based) dialog
Backup
Option Description
System configuration Backups Tinn-R configuration (ini files)
Database Backups database (Cachexml, Comments.xml, Completions.xml,
Rcard.xml, Rmirrors.xml and Shortcuts.xml)
Restore
Option Description
System configuration Restores a prior Tinn-R backup (ini files)
Database Restores a prior database backup (Cachexml, Comments.xml, Com-
pletions.xml, Rcard.xml, Rmirrors.xml and Shortcuts.xml)
3.9. TOOLS 129
Macro
Option Description
Record Toggles macro recording on and off. Note that when recording a
macro the button changes
Play Plays a previous recorded macro
It is not possible to save/edit macros, they are temporary
Sort
Option Description
Strings Sorts strings
Numbers Sorts numbers
Dates Sorts dates
Sort works on the entire document unless some text is selected
130 MENU DESCRIPTION
3.10 R
Option Description
Set .paths (temporarily) Sets (temporarily) the necessary .paths object in R en-
vironment This object provided by TinnRcom package.
This option is useful only if the user can not, for some
reason, install the TinnRcom package
Get info (R and TinnRcom) Get information about R and the necessary TinnRcom
package
Update mirrors Updates the Rmirrors.xml file
Rterm See options ...
Send See options ...
Control See options ...
Option Description
Rterm (start/close) Starts and Closes Rterm interface
Rgui (start/close) Starts and Closes Rgui application
Server (connections and tests) Opens the dialog R server: connections and tests
Tip: the Server (connections and tests) dialog allows you to test the TCP/IP
communication protocols used to establish a communication between R
and Tinn-R.
Rterm
3.10. R 131
Option Description
Rterm (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Rterm interface
File See options ...
Clear See options ...
Focus See options ...
Size See options ...
Split See options ...
Highlighter See options ...
Line wrap See options ...
History See options ...
Workspace See options ...
Font of active control (not permanent) See options ...
File
Option Description
IO See options ...
LOG See options ...
File IO
Option Description
Save Saves the content of the IO interface
Save as Saves the content of the IO interface as a new file
Print Opens the Tinn-R print dialog with the content from the IO inter-
face
132 MENU DESCRIPTION
File LOG
Option Description
Save Saves the content of the LOG interface
Save as Saves as the content of the LOG interface
Print Opens the Tinn-R print dialog with content from LOG interface
Clear
Option Description
IO Clear IO
LOG Clear LOG
IO and LOG Clear IO and LOG
Focus
Option Description
Editor Places the focus inside of the editor
IO Places the focus inside of the IO
LOG Places the focus inside of the LOG
Size
Option Description
Rterm (maximize) Maximizes the Rterm interface
Rterm (divide) Divides the Rterm interface
Rterm (minimize) Minimizes the Rterm interface
3.10. R 133
Split
Option Description
Horizontal split (IO and LOG in the same view) Splits horizontally the Rterm interface placing IO and LOG on the
same view
Vertical split (IO and LOG in the same view) Splits vertically the Rterm interface placing IO and LOG on the same
view
Remove split (IO and LOG in distinct view) Removes split placing IO and LOG in distinct view
Highlighter
Option Description
IO See options ...
LOG See options ...
Highlighter IO
Option Description
Text Sets the IO highlighter to Text
Text (no multline string) Sets the IO highlighter to Text without string multline suport
R Sets the IO highlighter to R
R (no multline string) Sets the IO highlighter to R without string multline suport
Highlighter LOG
Option Description
Text Sets the LOG highlighter to Text
Text (no multline string) Sets the LOG highlighter to Text without string multline suport
R Sets the LOG highlighter to R
R (no multline string) Sets the LOG highlighter to R without string multline suport
134 MENU DESCRIPTION
Line wrap
Option Description
IO Sets line wrap to IO
LOG Sets line wrap to LOG
History
Option Description
Save Saves the history
Load Loads the history
Prior Prior section of the history
Next Next section of the history
Workspace
Option Description
Save Saves the workspace
Load Loads the workspace
Option Description
Increase Increase the font size
Decrease Decrease the font size
3.10. R 135
Send
Option Description
File Sends current file to R interpreter
Selection Sends current selection to R interpreter
Marked block Sends current marked block to R interpreter
Contiguous Sends contiguous lines to R interpreter
Smart Sends complete instruction blocks when the cursor is
located in a complex context
Line Sends current line to R interpreter echoing it
Lines to end page Sends all visible lines to end page echoing it
Cursor to beginning line Sends cursor position to beginning line
Cursor to end line Sends cursor position to end line
Sweave Sends to R interpreter Sweave(’Active file’) in-
struction
Knitr See options ...
Knitr
Option Description
Knit to LaTeX (Rnw) Knit the *.Rnw file to LATEX
Knit to HTML (Rmd, Rhtml) Knit the *.Rmd or *.Rhtml file to HTML
136 MENU DESCRIPTION
Control
Option Description
Set work directory (current file path) Sets the work directory of the R interpreter to the current file path
List all objects Sends to R interpreter a ls() instruction
Print content (selected) Sends to R interpreter a selected word
List names (selected) Sends to R interpreter a names(selected) instruction
List structure (selected) Sends to R interpreter a str(selected) instruction
Edit (selected) Sends to R interpreter a edit(selected) instruction
Fix (selected) Sends to R interpreter a fix(selected) instruction
Plot (selected) Sends to R interpreter a plot(selected) instruction
Clear console Sends and executes the virtual CTRL + L (clear screen) instruction
Close all graphic devices Sends to R interpreter a graphics.off() instruction
Remove all objects Sends to R interpreter a rm(list=ls()) instruction
Clear all Sends to R interpreter a graphics.off(); rm(list=ls()) CTRL + L instructions
Escape Stops all computations in Rgui
Help (selected) Sends to R interpreter a help(selected) instruction
Example (selected) Sends to R interpreter a example(selected) instruction
Open example (selected) Sends to R interpreter an instruction to generate an example text file of the object
selected
Help Sends to R interpreter a help.start(update=FALSE) instruction
Packages See options ...
TCP/IP connection Sends to R interpreter an instruction to start: startSocket-
Server(port=portnumber) or stop: startSocketServer(port=portnumber)
the TCP/IP connection
3.10. R 137
Packages
Option Description
Install Sends to R interpreter an utils:::menuInstallPkgs() instruction
Install (from local zip) Sends to R interpreter a utils:::menuInstallLocal() instruction
Install (TinnRcom) Sends to R interpreter instruction to install TinnRcom package and its dependecies. By default it
is not necessary since the TinnRcom package is automatically installed
Load (TinnRcom) Sends to R interpreter an library(TinnRcom) instruction. By default it is not necessary since the
TinnRcom package is automatically loaded when R starts
Installed Sends to R interpreter a installed.packages() instruction
Load Sends to R interpreter a local({pkg <- select.list(sort(.packages(all.available =
TRUE))); if(nchar(pkg)) library(pkg, character.only=TRUE)}) instruction
New Sends to R interpreter a new.packages() instruction
Remove Sends to R interpreter a local({pkg <- select.list(sort(.packages(all.available =
TRUE))); if(nchar(pkg)) remove.packages(pkg)}) instruction
Update Sends to R interpreter an update.packages(ask=’graphics’) instruction
Status Sends to R interpreter a packageStatus() instruction
138 MENU DESCRIPTION
3.11 VIEW
Option Description
R See options ...
Tools See options ...
Toolsbar See options ...
Tabs See options ...
Organize screen (Tinn-R/Rgui) Organizes the screen (Tinn-R and Rgui) ac-
cording to the user set. See options ...
Tools (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Tools interface
Tools (maximize) Maximizes the Tools interface
Tools (divide) Divides the Tools interface
Tools (minimize) Minimizes the Tools interface
Rterm (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Rterm interface
Rterm (maximize) Maximizes the Rterm interface
Rterm (divide) Splits the Rterm interface
Rterm (minimize) Minimizes the Rterm interface
Line wrap (show/hide) See options ...
Gutter (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) gutter
Line numbers (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) line numbers
Special characters (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) special characters
Status bar (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) status bar
Split See options ...
Font of active control (not permanent) See options ...
Option Description
Organize screen (Tinn-R/Rgui) Organizes the screen (Tinn-R and Rgui) according to
the user set. See options ...
Rterm See options ...
3.11. VIEW 139
Rterm
Option Description
Rterm (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Rterm interface
Size See options ...
Split See options ...
Highlighter See options ...
Line wrap See options ...
Font of active control (not permanent) See options ...
Size
Option Description
Rterm (maximize) Maximizes the Rterm interface
Rterm (divide) Splits the Rterm interface
Rterm (minimize) Minimizes the Rterm interface
Split
Option Description
Horizontal split (IO and LOG in the same view) Horizontally splits the Rterm inter-
face placing IO and LOG in the same
view
Vertical split (IO and LOG in the same view) Vertically splits the Rterm interface
placing IO and LOG in the same
view
Remove split (IO and LOG in distinct view) Removes split placing IO and LOG
in distinct view
140 MENU DESCRIPTION
Highlighter
Option Description
IO See options ...
LOG See options ...
Highlighter IO
Option Description
Text Sets the IO highlighter to Text
Text (no multline string) Sets the IO highlighter to Text without string multline suport
R Sets the IO highlighter to R
R (no multline string) Sets the IO highlighter to R without string multline suport
Highlighter LOG
Option Description
Text Sets the LOG highlighter to Text
Text (no multline string) Sets the LOG highlighter to Text without string multline suport
R Sets the LOG highlighter to R
R (no multline string) Sets the LOG highlighter to R without string multline suport
Line wrap
Option Description
IO Sets Line wrap to IO
LOG Sets Line wrap to LOG
Option Description
Increase Increase font size
Decrease Decrease font size
Tools
Option Description
Tools (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Tools interface
Size See options ...
Resources See options ...
Size
Option Description
Tools (maximize) Maximizes the Tools interface
Tools (divide) Divides the Tools interface
Tools (minimize) Minimizes the Tools interface
Resources
Option Description
Misc See options ...
Markup See options ...
Results See options ...
Shortcuts (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Shortcuts tab of Tools interface
Spell (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Spell tab of Tools interface
Database See options ...
R See options ...
142 MENU DESCRIPTION
Misc
Option Description
Misc (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Misc tab of Tools interface
Windows expl. (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Windows expl. tab of Misc
Work expl. (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Work expl. tab of Misc
Project (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Project tab of Misc
Markup
Option Description
Markup (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Markup tab of Tools interface
Txt2tags (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Txt2tags tab of Markup
LaTeX (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) LaTeX tab of Markup
Results
Option Description
Results (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Results tab of Tools interface
Ini lOG (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Ini lOG tab of Results
Search (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Search tab of Results
Database
Option Description
Database (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Database tab of Tools interface
Shortcuts (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Shortcuts tab of Database
Completion (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Completion tab of Database
Comments (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Comments tab of Database
3.11. VIEW 143
Option Description
R (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) R tab of Tools interface
Explorer (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Explorer tab of R
Card (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Rcard tab of Database
Mirrors (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) R mirrors tab of Database
Toolbars
Option Description
All bars (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) All bars tab of Tools bar interface
Edit (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Edit tab of Tools bar interface
File (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) File tab of Tools bar interface
Filter (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Filter tab of Tools bar interface
Format (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Format tab of Tools bar interface
Macro (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Macro tab of Tools bar interface
Misc (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Misc tab of Tools bar interface
Processing (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Processing tab of Tools bar interface
R (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) R tab of Tools bar interface
Search (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Search tab of Tools bar interface
Spell (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Spell tab of Tools bar interface
Syntax (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Syntax tab of Tools bar interface
View (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) View tab of Tools bar interface
Tabs
Option Description
Files See options ...
Tools See options ...
Rterm See options ...
144 MENU DESCRIPTION
Files
Option Description
Tabs (show/hide) Toogles(show/hide) the main Tabs
Top Shows the main Tabs on top
Bottom Shows the main Tabs on bottom
Tools
Option Description
Left Shows the Tools Tabs on left
Top Shows the Tools Tabs on top
Right Shows the Tools Tabs on right
Bottom Shows the Tools Tabs on bottom
Rterm
Option Description
Left Shows the Rterm Tabs on left
Top Shows the Rterm Tabs on top
Right Shows the Rterm Tabs on right
Bottom Shows the Rterm Tabs on bottom
Line wrap
Option Description
Editor (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Editor line wrap
Rterm/IO (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Rterm/IO line wrap
Rterm/LOG (show/hide) Toggles (show/hide) Rterm/LOG line wrap
3.11. VIEW 145
Split
Option Description
Horizontal Horizontally splits the editor
Vertical Vertically splits the editor
Remove Removes split
Option Description
Increase Increase font size
Decrease Decrease font size
146 MENU DESCRIPTION
3.12 WINDOW
Option Description
Tile vertically Shows two views of the same file tiled vertically, to the left and right.
Each can be scrolled independently
Tile horizontally Shows two views of the same file tiled horizontally, one above the
other. Each can be scrolled independently
Minimize all Minimizes all windows (editor)
Cascade The windows cascade from the upper left to the lower right of the
workspace
Arrange icons Windows are tiled horizontally, but the active document comes on
top. You may also drag your document tabs to the order you prefer
and then tile them horizontally
Files opened If many files are opened, a dialog will be open to select a file
3.13. WEB 147
3.13 WEB
Option Description
R (search) See options ...
R (information) See options ...
R (Editors, GUIs and IDEs) See options ...
Statistics See options ...
Processing See options ...
R (search)
Option Description
Selected text See options ...
Help for R (Jonathan Baron) Opens URL Help for R
Mailing list archives Opens URL R mailing lists archive
Nabble See options ...
R-help mailing list information Opens URL r-help
RSeek Opens URL R Seek
Site search Opens URL R Site Search
Selected text
Option Description
Google Opens URL Google and lists the results associated with the word
under the cursor or selected text
Site search Opens URL R Site Search and lists the results associated with the
word under the cursor or selected text
148 MENU DESCRIPTION
Nabble
Option Description
R forum Opens URL R forum
R-br forum Opens URL R-br forum
R (information)
Option Description
Bioconductor Opens URL Bioconductor project
CRAN Opens URL The Comprehensive R Archive Network
MRAN Opens URL Microsoft R Application Network
News Opens URL R News
Omega Opens URL The Omega Project for Statistical Computing
Task views Opens URL CRAN Task Views
Web site Opens URL The R Project for Statistical Computing
Statistical with R Opens URL Statistical with R
R tutorial Opens URL R tutorial
Option Description
R Comander Opens URL The R Commander: A Basic-Statistics GUI for R
RStudio Opens URL RStudio
RTVS Opens URL R Tools for Visual Studio
ESS Opens URL Emacs Speaks Statistics (ESS)
Nvim-R Opens URL Nvim-R: Plugin to work with R
Tinn-R See options ...
3.13. WEB 149
Tinn-R
Option Description
Web page Opens URL Web page of Tinn-R project
SourceForge (repository) Opens URL Sourceforge.net Tinn-R
SciViews (old web page) Opens URL SciViews Tinn-R
Statistics
Option Description
Virtual laboratories See options ...
Electronic Textbook StatSoft Opens URL Electronic Textbook StatSoft
HyperStat Text Book Opens URL HyperStat Text Book
JSS Opens URL Journal of Statistical Software
R Journal Opens URL R Journal
Virtual laboratories
Option Description
Rice Opens URL Rice Virtual Lab in Statistics
Statistical Java Opens URL Statistical Java
VESTAC Opens URL Java Applets for Visualization of Statistical Concepts
Virtual Laboratories in Prob- Opens URL Virtual Laboratories in Probability and Statistics
ability and Statistics
150 MENU DESCRIPTION
Processing
Option Description
Deplate Opens URL Sourceforge.net Deplate
MikTeX Opens URL MiKTeX project page
Pandoc Opens URL Pandoc (a universal document converter)
Txt2tags Opens URL Txt2tags ONE source, MULTI targets
3.14. HELP 151
3.14 HELP
Option Description
User guide (PDF) Opens the User guide with the PDF viewer default
What is new (PDF)? Opens the User guide with the PDF viewer default at What is new?
Some secrets for an eficient Opens the User guide with the PDF viewer default at Some secrets
use (PDF) for an eficient use
Check for update Opens an updater dialog
User list (discussion group) Opens URL Tinn-R Editor - GUI for R Language and Environment
user list
Ini files (path information) Displays a single dialog with the path information of ini files for
Tinn-R
Example of script (R) Opens the file Tinn-r_example of script.r
Recognized words (R) Opens the file Tinn-R_recognized words.r
File conversion (introduc- See options ...
tion)
Citation (put on clipboard) Places a text containing the Tinn-R citation in the clipboard
About Opens the dialog About
Option Description
Deplate Opens the file deplate_intro.t2t
Pandoc Opens the file pandoc.markdown
Txt2tags Opens the file txt2tags_intro.t2t
CHAPTER 4
The idea behind this chapter is that it has contributions from multiple
users. If you find something that is not important but that you would like
to include here, please submit it to the project coordinator.
153
154 SOME SECRETS FOR AN EFFICIENT USE
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Let us assume that you are a basic user of R and you do not understand
the intricacies of computer languages and that you want to write and run
an R-script. The software providing an interface between R and the user
is called a user interface. If this interface also has graphical capabilities, it
is called a graphical user interface or GUI.
R running under Windows and Mac have a graphical interface (Rgui) that
allows you to submit your commands and see the respective results, but
that interface is a bit limited.
Many attempts have been made to provide R with a user friendly graphical
interface running on Windows. One of the most successful ones is Tinn-R,
which is arguably the most used "GUI" among R users on Windows.
A large number of Tinn-R users do not know how to improve its perfor-
mance and their productivity, so this chapter is an attempt to help you to
make the most out of its features.
Let us start, then. After downloading Tinn-R from its main Web page or
Sourceforge, you should install and open the software.
4.2. AFTER INSTALLATION 155
At the top of the screen there is a Main menu (1) and two toolbars: the top
toolbar is the main toolbar (2) and the bottom task bar is the R toolbar (3).
If your version is the same or above 3.0.1.0, Tinn-R does not require any
special configuration. That is, the program is ready to be used. One impor-
tant thing to be done before using it: set a R mirror as close as possible to
where you work. For that, first click on CTRL + F8. This opens the Tools
window, then click on R/Mirrors. Select the R mirror and push the but-
ton that shows an hourglass in the taskbar. The chosen repository will
be the new default for all actions dependent repository (install packages,
upgrade packages, etc).
The second step is connecting Tinn-R with R. Look at the R toolbar. Almost
at the right end you will see two icons together: one is the R symbol and
the second is like a green television screen:
The first connects Tinn-R to R Console (32 or 64 bit), also called Rgui, the
second with Rterm. With Tinn-R the Rgui should be used only when you
need heavy and intensive processing; otherwise, you should always use
Rterm, which is a lot more much friendly, having many editorial features
of Tinn-R editor. However it consumes more computer resources. Click
on that little screen as soon as the connection with R is made. That screen
will become red and Rterm will appear on a window by itself. You can
move that window across Tinn-R main window and dock it either at the
left, right or bottom side.
The best location will depend on the size of your computer screen. To do
so, just put the mouse on the blue strip at the top of Rterm window, click
the left button of the mouse and move. To dock it at either side just pull
it closer and closer to the chosen side and then, bingo, you will see how
it becomes when docked. We like to use Tinn-R with two monitors: the
editor docked in one and the Rterm (or Rgui) interface in other. It is a very
comfortable and productive arrangement. You should follow the same
procedure to dock the Tools window.
Since R computer language is an interpreted one, each command given
gets its answer right away, therefore the most used command in Tinn-R
is the send line which sends the command line to be interpreted by R.
You will see the answer to the command at Rterm or Rgui window. This
command appears at the bottom icon bar, the sixth box, the one with just
one line.
156 SOME SECRETS FOR AN EFFICIENT USE
You just have to click there and the line is sent to R. Even though this is
a nice way to do it, there is a faster way to send a line to R. First, click
on Options/Shortcuts/Keystrokes/Hotkeys (map) at the Main menu and
then on Hotkeys (operational system). On the open window click on the
line send line to select it. Then go to the Manager button, click there
and then press (for example, Ctrl + \), then click on the bottom bar the
button OK and then set all to on.
Now, whenever you press Ctrl + \ the line you are on is sent to R, it is
much faster than clicking with the mouse at the appropriate button and
has the advantage that you can send the line to R wherever is the focus of
your present work in your computer.
You can also turn on and off the hotkeys by clicking the hotkeys on the
status bar at the bottom of the Tinn-R screen.
Another important feature on the status bar is the smNormal (s=selection,
m=mode) box. This allows you to select a portion of a file. Selecting it will
change your options to smLine or smColumn. The latter is helpful since
it allows you to select columns within a file without having to carry the
whole line with it. Give it a try.
The first icons at the R task bar are related to different ways of sending
instructions: The whole file, selected parts, the clipboard content, block
marked, contiguous lines, single line, current line to bottom of page, parts
of a line, Sweave and Knitr. Those are helpful when you are dealing with
long scripts, and may very well enhance your programming efficiency.
Almost all of them have the option to send lines straight to R and with
(echo=TRUE) option.
4.2. AFTER INSTALLATION 157
158 SOME SECRETS FOR AN EFFICIENT USE
4.3 SHORTCUTS THAT CAN MAKE YOU LOSE THE VISIBILITY OF A RESOURCE
CRTL + ALT + V: Toggles the visibility for two main bars (Editor and R)
CTRL + F8 : Toggles the visibility for Tools window
CTRL + F9 : Toggles the viability for Rterm window
General
Appearance
At the Option window click on the tab Main/Appearance. You can choose
colors for each character’s foreground (FG) and background (BG) color.
The color pallet will open and you can then choose the appropriate color.
For people working extensive periods of time in front of a computer mon-
itor, dark (or pale) colors with a low level of radiation are recommended
for background, obtaining a contrast with characters.
4.5. APPLICATION OPTIONS 161
Dock
The dock contains a button called Restore default. When clicked, every
time you start Tinn-R the Rterm and Tools windows will be at the default
position. You usually do not want to mark it as you will lose your customiza-
tion. It is useful if any problem occurs with the resources (dock/hide and
place).
162 SOME SECRETS FOR AN EFFICIENT USE
Editor options
The first window showing up is the Display. When first glancing at the
editor window (where you type your scripts) you may have noticed a thin
vertical line which is located at exactly 80 characters (default) from the
beginning of each line. This is called the edge line. This line is very helpful
to have a standard width for your texts, mainly when you increase or
reduce the font size (CTRL + SHIFT + UP/DOWN) as you increase the font
the edge line keeps on moving to the right, so that you can adapt the edge
column to your preferred font size.
You may choose the font and the font size by clicking on font (Consolas
11pt is a nice option). Gutter is the space at extreme left of the editor, out
of the text window, where you may number the lines of your script, just
click at your choice.
The first tab (Path) shows the paths to Rterm.exe or Rgui.exe. You can
also choose whether Tinn-R gets the latest installed version of R or the
version you would like to use. If you have Windows 7 64 bit choose that
option located at the bottom of the window.
The next important tab is Rterm. The button Trying to find errors
(at the editor), yes means that errors in R syntax are searched within
the editor to find where the error shows up the first time within the script.
You will usually have to keep on clicking the F3 key until you find the error
position.
164 SOME SECRETS FOR AN EFFICIENT USE
Processing
4.7 TOOLS
Project
be different from your computer, and so you have to change the corre-
sponding paths. Save it and start working on the same project on that
computer. You may use the search and replace options to perform that
change in paths.
Database
Shortcuts
Completion
Completion will help you speed up the process of writing anything from
any language. It allows you to personalize its database so that every func-
tion, script or text that you frequently use can be automatically inserted
in your script through the click of a button or trigger.
Let us start by using completion with the functions which are already
in the default database. First, click on Tools/Database/Completion. A
4.7. TOOLS 169
window will open showing all the functions saved in the database at the
bottom of the window. Now click on the fourth icon Completion: edit.
Another window will open, the group to which the function belongs being
marked under Group, the function being marked under Function and the
trigger under Trigger.
Now open a new file (CTRL + N) and write rn which is the trigger for
the function rnorm and then press CTRL + J or click on Insert/Com-
pletion at the main menu.
Now, suppose that you have a section of a script which you use very of-
ten when writing scripts. For example, imagine the following script: x <-
rnorm(50); y <- rnorm(50) which generates two pseudo-random normal
vectors for x- and y-coordinates.
You then select and copy it to the clipboard, click again on the main menu
at Tools/Database/Completion and at the bottom of window click New.
Now, at the top in Group type the name of the group, in this case let the
name be Examples, it means that every other example could be saved
under this group. In Function type the name of this specific function,
for example, norm, and then type the trigger of this function you are just
creating, say, nm and in complete paste what you copied. Finally click on
Save at the bottom of the window. Now go to your text type nm and press
CTRL + J, that part of the script will appear on your text. Did you get the
idea?
Comments
The Comments resource is very simple and allows high level of user cus-
tomization.
From version 3.0.1.0 Tinn-R automatically recognizes the language of the
file on focus. Further, inside the file - if it is a syntax a multi-highlighter
(complex syntax) - which language of the line where the cursor (or selec-
tion) is found.
This identification is done automatically if (and only if) the option (x) Auto
detect language (recomended) is checked. Otherwise the user is forcing
the application to use the comments of the selected language (indicator
arrow).
Selected code snippets involving more than one language will not be
commented/uncommented and a warning message is issued. That is, you
must select only the snippet of a single language.
170 SOME SECRETS FOR AN EFFICIENT USE
Explorer
This interface has its own pop-up menu, toolbar and three combo box.
The pop-up menu and toolbar contain the most common actions related
to an object explorer.
The button R explorer: refresh environment sends an instruction to R envi-
ronment requesting the list of all loaded packages in the current session.
The result is shown inside a graphical classified list. When one of these is
selected, the graphical list (and structure) of the objects are shown.
There are two options of filter: type of objects and any sequence of char-
acters associated with the names of the objects.
It is possible to remove visible objects of the user workspace (.GlobalEnv)
using the key Delete. To do this, select an object and type Delete.
A double click in any selected object will add its name to the editor. If
the object is dragged to the editor interface, the textual description of the
object is always shown in a new file. It is useful to know the sources of
functions and to see data objects (vectors, frames, list, etc).
4.7. TOOLS 171
Card
Mirrors
The mirrors is an interface that allows the user to manage the repositories
(or mirrors) of R. You should always choose a repository physically closest
to where you are, so that, the Web communication tends to be faster and
more efficient.
The default mirror is the University Wien (Austria). Consider that this is
the central mirror of CRAN.
The reasons for the Tinn-R always set a repository (assets) are two:
4.8 BARS
Tinn-R has three bars. The top task bar is related to the application and
editor, the second task bar is focused on R, and the bottom bar displays
the program status.
The top task bar (2) can have its location modified by draggin and dropping
with your mouse. Right click anywhere on top task bar (2) to see the pop-
up menu where you can choose which box of the bar you would like to
show or hide. Every box of that bar has a vertical line at its left side. Right
click at that location and you can move the bar up and down.
The R task bar (3) can be moved wherever you wish. Right click the vertical
line at the left side of the bar and move it across either the editor or Rterm.
Right click anywhere within the R task bar and choose between Send to
R and Control R to have them displayed or hidden.
The status bar at the bottom of the editor window, shows the current line
you are working on, the total number of lines, and the current column at
the first box. It also shows the modes which can be either normal or read
only. You are not allowed to make any changes in the read only mode.
There is also information about selection mode. It allows you to change
the way you select parts of the current working file. See After installation.
4.9. SPELL CHECKER 175
4.10 SPLIT
Splitting the editor window is a very useful feature whenever you are
working with long and complex programs. Go to the main bar, click on
view/split. You may choose to split the window either horizontally or
vertically. You will get the same text on two different and independent
windows. Any change made in one window will be added automatically
to the other and so to the text itself.
4.11. EDITOR: HOW TO? 177
Tinn-R provides a useful macro option to help you with repetitive actions.
Click on Tools/Macro at the main menu bar. Then you will see see two
icons: Record F7 and Play F8. Those icons may also be found on the editor
task bar. Here is an example: write a vector 1:20 and send it to R. In the
Rterm window you will see the numbers from 1 to 20 in a single line. Copy
and paste that to the editor’s window.
Suppose that you want to write a comma after every number, maintaining
a one space distance after the comma. Place the cursor just before the
number one and then press F7. A + sign will appear on the Record icon at
the editor taskbar, meaning that you are beginning to record action you
take on the screen. Press the right arrow to move across the number 1 and
type a comma (,), delete one space and move the cursor one space to the
right with the right arrow and press again F7 to stop the recording process.
The little + sign will disappear. Now just press F8 and see what happens.
When you reach the number ten it won’t work because now the numbers
consists of two digits and the spacings will not fit. After doing that for the
number nine the cursor will stop in the middle of the number ten, go back
one step to the left with the left arrow, and press space bar so that there
will be one blank space between the comma and the number ten. Now
press again F7 to go across the number ten with the right arrow, type the
comma (,) and go one space to the right with the right arrow so the cursor
is now at the left side of the number eleven, press again F7, and then F8
until the end. Try now to write those numbers in a vertical line across the
left margin without the commas using the macros again .
One very useful navegation tool is the bookmark. To define the bookmark,
use CTRL + SHIFT + [0-9] (a key from 0 to 9) on the line you have cho-
sen. Then, to go to the corresponding bookmark just use CTRL + [0-9]. A
visual indicator appears in the left margin, just before the line number, of
that line. Suppose you are working on a long script and need to constantly
return to a specified line. You will see how handy it is. To undo it, just use
again CTRL + SHIFT + [0-9] using the same number, on the same line.
You may also mark a whole block. To to that, first select the block and
then click on Marks at the main menu and click on mark. As in the above
paragraph the number 0 will appear at the begining of the block and
178 SOME SECRETS FOR AN EFFICIENT USE
the number 1 at the end. You can modify the box and send it to R to be
processed.
In principle it just opens and closes, with just one click, parentheses,
square brackets, brackets and quotation marks, i.e.: ( [ { ' ". You just
click, say, the open parentheses and the editor automatically completes
the closing parentheses and after that puts the cursor in the middle of the
two.
However, it is not only this. If already exists a previous text doing just that
might be a bit laborious, since you have to delete one of the two elements
(the subsequent to the cursor), to move the cursor to the end of the text
and then to close the element (parentheses, square brackets, brackets or
quotation marks). There is an alternative for this: select the previous text
and type the open element, i.e: ( [ { ' ". It is all!
One of the most important feature of this resource is the following: you
just write the expression you want to complete, i.e., ( [ { ' " then you
4.11. EDITOR: HOW TO? 179
select the whole expression and press the element key. The two elements
will automatically be placed at the beginning and the end of the selection
and the entire selection will be preserved.
Important note: This can be done in both, the editor as well as in the
Rterm window.
• A previous text:
• A previous text:
• select it:
• type cat:
WHAT IS NEW?
181
182 WHAT IS NEW?
6.1.1.3 (jan/01/2020)
• Some parts of the Object Pascal pipe were rewritten. It is now faster,
stable and robust.
• The handling of all shortcuts, keystrokes and hotkeys are now cen-
tered on a single user interface that is simpler and more efficient
than previous options. As result, a new menu option has been cre-
ated: Options/Shortcuts/keystrokes/hotkeys (map). It was a
very hard and time consuming work, we hope you enjoy the final
results.
– From now on, to send any prior line (or just any selection) to
the R interpreter, you must press the CTRL + ENTER shortcut
keys (not configurable).
– In the latest line the user can use: a simple ENTER or CTRL +
ENTER to send the current line.
– The R history can be visualized (and filtered progressively as
you type) in a new SynEdit completion window. The short-
cut is CTRL + ALT + SPACE (not configurable).
• The R highlighter was improved, it has new objects and from now
on, will not be case sensitive, that is, it will highlight, for example,
LETTERS, letters, CO2, co2, . . . in the same way.
• A new shortcut (default) has been associated with the option Save
file as: SHIFT+CTRL+S.
5.3.4.1 (apr/22/2019)
5.3.3.1 (fev/25/2019)
• Bug(s) fixed:
5.3.2.1 (fev/12/2019)
– iris
– iris[1]
– iris[c(1, 2)]
– iris3(1, 1, 3)
– iris$Sepal.Length
– iris[’Sepal.Length’]
– iris[["Sepal.Length"]]
• The Tinn-R web site was updated, the new URL is: https://nbcgib.uesc.br/tinnr/en/.
5.3.1.1 (jan/06/2019)
• The option R send: line has a new feature that allows the main
editor to send sequential instructions while the interpreter returns
the signal +(plus) after each incomplete instruction. This option
can be fast and easily switched in the status bar.
A.2. VERSIONS RELEASED IN 2019 (04) 185
5.2.2.0 (oct/04/2018)
– [Roptions]→ [R Options]
– [Options TextDiff ]→ [Diff Options]
– [PandocHistory]→ [Pandoc History]
– [PandocHistoryFrom]→ [Pandoc History From]
– [PandocHistoryTo]→ [Pandoc History To]
– [SearchTextHistory]→ [Search Text History]
– [SearchDirHistory]→ [Search Dir History]
– [SearchFileMaskHistory]→ [Search File Mask History]
– [ExplorerFavorites]→ [Explorer Favorites]
– [FileMRU]→ [File MRU]
– [ProjectMRU]→ [Project MRU]
5.2.1.0 (sep/28/2018)
5.1.6.0 (sep/26/2018)
5.1.5.0 (sep/20/2018)
• Bug(s) fixed:
5.1.4.0 (sep/20/2018)
• Bug(s) fixed:
5.1.3.0 (sep/20/2018)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• New resources were added to let Tinn-R access R remotely, via PuTTY.
The way if working is the same as using Rgui.exe locally, but there
are a few limitations.
5.1.2.0 (oct/15/2016)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The menu options has a new option: R echo (on/off). This grants
the user the choice to echo (or not) some options of send file, selec-
tion, clipboard, block marked, contiguous lines a line to end of page.
A related button was added to R task bar. This made these options
simpler and user-friendly. The default shortcut to toggle this option
is ALT + E
• The visibility of all Page Control and Tab Sheets caption was im-
proved.
– options(pkgType=’binary’)
– options(install.packages.check.source=’no’)
• When using Rterm (except for the Send Fileoption), all options
related to more than one line will be added to the R history.
• The resources related to knitr and Sweave were improved and new
options are in Options/Application/R/Packages/Knitr.
• The IO prompt of the Rterm interface is more user friendly. For this
set Options/Application/Editor/Advanced/Scroll pas end of
line option.
• The menu Web was heavily reworked and has new options.
• The tip and data completion were deeply improved. CTRL + SPACE
is the single trigger for both and the distinction is made in the con-
text of the call. Additionally this feature now find the object, the
package and the pattern in complex multiline contexts.
• The shortcuts CTRL + TAB and SHIFT + CTRL + TAB, not user con-
figurable, can now be used in all interfaces Editor, Rterm and
Help to sequentially switch the pages.
• The usability of Rterm interface is now more robust, stable and user
friendly.
• A new resource Check for update was added to the main menu
Help.
4.0.3.5 (jun/22/2015)
4.0.3.4 (jun/11/2015)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• From this version on, Tinn-R will be released in three flavors: Tinn-R,
Tinn-R Portable and compatible with PortableApps platform.
• Some files of the folder utils were updated to meet the Tinn-R
Portable project needs. Therefore, the folder and paths of the R
variable .trPaths were changed to TEMP environment variable.
4.0.2.1 (Apr/29/2015)
• Bug(s) fixed:
4.0.2.0 (Apr/22/2015)
• Features Added:
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The project Jedi used in the Tinn-R project was updated to the
latest version. Some bugs related to Tools and Rterm panels and
Auto Hide option were corrected.
• The available font family was restricted to True Type and Fixed-
PitchOnly.
• It is now possible to open any URL from the Windows Opend Dialog:
File/Open.
3.0.3.7 (Mar/03/2014)
• Restrict release.
3.0.3.6 (Feb/28/2014)
3.0.3.5 (Feb/10/2014)
3.0.3.4 (Feb/08/2014)
• Bug(s) fixed:
3.0.3.3 (Feb/05/2014)
• The control over the previous focus related to various options (Op-
tions, Help, View, etc.) has been improved.
3.0.3.2 (Jan/30/2014)
• Bug(s) fixed:
3.0.3.1 (Jan/29/2014)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The STOP button is working again for Rgui.exe (but is not active
for Rterm.exe yet).
3.0.3.0 (Jan/28/2014)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The Rterm support to the function debug and the package debug was
a bit enhanced. The necessary instruction (below) is automatically
sent to the R interpreter from this version.
options(debug.catfile = 'stdout')
3.0.2.8 (Jan/22/2014)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• Tools/R/Mirrors:
• Some icons of the Main interface and Tools panel were changed.
3.0.2.7 (Dec/30/2013)
3.0.2.6 (Dec/28/2013)
• The menu View was a bit improved. The more used options related
to Rgui, Tools and Rterm were duplicated, but can be easily found.
• The menu Help was a bit enhanced and has a new option: User
list (discussion group).
3.0.2.5 (Dec/03/2013)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The version 3.0.2.3 and 3.0.2.4 were restricted to testers: many thanks
to all testers, mainly to Michal Sacharewicz for his suggestions and
tests related to R path identification!
3.0.2.2 (Nov/20/2013)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The main menu File has a new option: Template. This submenu has
template to: R script, R doc (Function, Dataset and Empty), R html,
R markdown and R noweb.
A.7. VERSIONS RELEASED IN 2013 (10) 199
3.0.2.1 (Nov/19/2013)
• Bug(s) fixed:
– Edit/Comment.
– Recognition of latest version and update of all five database:
Shortcuts.xml, Completion.xml, Comments.xml, Rcard.xml
and Rmirrors.xml.
– Options/Application when the user choice Cancel.
• The suport to Knitr package was improved and has more options
and resources:
• Parts of the source code related to Sweave were enhanced. From now
Tinn-R will always open/update the .tex file after interpretation.
3.0.1.10 (Nov/15/2013)
• Bug(s) fixed:
– Rterm/LOG/Gutter.
3.0.1.9 (Nov/07/2013)
3.0.1.8 (Nov/06/2013)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The User guide has been revised. From this version it will be dis-
tributed only in PDF format and written entirely in LATEX.
• The database for call tip was removed, due to constant updates of
covered packages, it is hard to maintain.
• Parts of the source code, related to call tip and data completion were
enhanced: it is now faster and more accurated (mainly related to
the OOP).
• The menu View has a new option: Gutter (show/hide) with the
shortcuts CTRL + ALT + G associated to it. It will affect all instances
of SynEdit class: Editor, Rterm and LOG.
• The main menu R was a bit improved and has three new options: Set
.trPaths (temporarily), Get info (R and TinnRcom) and Up-
date mirrors.
• The status bar was new panels showing the encoding and line end-
ings of the files.
2.4.1.7 (Mai/08/2013)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.4.1.6 (Mai/06/2013)
• Bug(s) fixed:
– A bug, noticed after the release of the R 3.0.0, related to the Op-
tions/Application/R/Path (R) and recognition of the lat-
est version has been fixed.
• The user guide was revised: many thanks to Jakson A. Aquino (the
main author of Vim-R-plugin).
A.8. VERSIONS RELEASED IN 2012 (03) 203
2.4.1.5 (Dez/06/2012)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The versions 2.4.0.2, 2.4.1.0, 2.4.1.1, 2.4.1.2, 2.4.1.3 and 2.4.1.4 were
restricted to pre-release testers: Many thanks to all testers and for
the suggestions!
• The main menu Web was updated and has new options.
2.4.0.1 (Nov/07/2012)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The internal shortcut CTRL + ENTER doesn’t break the current line at
the cursor position any more, i.e, it preserves the entire line content
and starts a new one. Many thanks to Leandro Marino for pointing
it out!
• Due to the new resource related to the reformat code the variable
.trPaths was changed. As a result, it will be necessary to run again the
R/Configure/Permanent (Rprofile.site). In this case, do not
forget to remove any prior script generated by Tinn-R in the Rpro-
file.site file.
2.3.7.3 (Set/23/2012)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• This version was compiled with Code Gear 2007 running under
Windows 7. Previously it was compiled under Windows Vista or XP.
We noticed that some boring stuff were automatically corrected
by simply changing the operating system. That is, there were bugs
caused by older operating systems.
• The user guide has a new chapter: Some secrets for an effi-
cient use.
206 WHAT IS NEW?
2.3.7.1 (Nov/24/2010)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.3.7.0 (Nov/22/2010)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.3.6.3 (Nov/14/2010)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.3.6.2 (Nov/13/2010)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.3.6.1 (Nov/12/2010)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.3.6.0 (Nov/10/2010)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.3.5.2 (Apr/11/2010)
2.3.5.1 (Mar/28/2010)
2.3.5.0 (Mar/04/2010)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The Rterm interface has now a simple toolbar including the more
usual options.
2.3.4.4 (Jan/10/2010)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.3.4.3 (Dec/21/2009)
2.3.4.2 (Dec/18/2009)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.3.4.1 (Dec/13/2009)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The user can now hide/show the button Editor: current line
to top in the R toolbar.
2.3.4.0 (Dec/06/2009)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The menu R/Rterm/Clear and the pop-up menu Rterm (IO and
LOG), both related to Clear option, were changed. This change al-
lows more specific control over IO and LOG of Rterm interface.
• Two new options enable the user to send contiguous lines of script
to the R interpreter.
2.3.3.1 (Nov/10/2009)
2.3.3.0 (Nov/09/2009)
• The menu View was enhanced with a new option Word wrap. It
allows the user to control the Editor, Rterm/IO and Rterm/LOG word
wrap. Word wrap is a feature of most text editors, word processors,
and web browsers, of breaking lines between and not within words,
except when a single word is longer than a line.
2.3.2.6 (Nov/07/2009)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.3.2.5 (Nov/03/2009)
• Bug(s) fixed:
A.10. VERSIONS RELEASED IN 2009 (16) 211
• Tinn-R now has the Remember file state setting option. The file states
are: all marks (0..9), the position of the cursor and top line of the file.
It was implemented using a XML database (Cache.xml). It can be
found at Options/Application/Main/General/Remember file state.
• The option Send Marked block was enhanced. Now it works as be-
low:
– The file has no marks: the option will not be available (gray);
– The file has one or more marks and the cursor is above the
first mark, or below the last: all text (above or below this mark)
will be sent, according to the cursor’s position (above or below
the mark);
– The cursor is between any two adjacent marks: all text be-
tween those two marks will be sent.
> ba
2.3.2.3 (Ago/06/2009)
2.3.2.2 (Jul/20/2009)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.3.2.1 (Jul/19/2009)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.3.2.0 (Jul/18/2009)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.3.1.0 (Jul/15/2009)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.3.0.0 (Jul/10/2009)
• Bug(s) fixed:
– The error message when typing CTRL + TAB inside the Rterm
interface whenever it was not split.
– It now remembers the position of the Tabs files (top or botton)
when starting.
– It now properly organizes the Tabs files in relation to other
toolbars whenever the user uses the show/hide option in the
toolbars.
– The intermittency of completion resources.
– The Auto completion and Data completion now recognizes
split by a dot as a complete word: for example my.function(
and my.data$.
– Under Windows Vista the option R/Configure/Permanent (Rpro-
file.site now checks if the user has administrative privileges to
change the content of the file Rprofile.site, before insert-
ing the necessary script. If the user receives an error message,
it is necessary to manually change the security properties to
enable full control of the folder etc where R is installed.
A.10. VERSIONS RELEASED IN 2009 (16) 213
• R card and R tip are now located in a more convenient place: Tool/-
Database.
• The interface Tinn-R hotkeys was fully reworked and it is now more
simple and efficient.
• Sorry, due to bugs the highlighters Deplate and Txt2tags were re-
moved from the project. New ones will be made in the future.
2.2.0.2 (Feb/09/2009)
• Bug(s) fixed:
# uncomment the line below if you want Tinn-R starts always \RR{} starts
options(IDE='C:/Tinn-R/bin/Tinn-R.exe')
The origin of this bug was the change of the packages svIDE
(and others no longer necessary) to TinnR package. One func-
tion that should do the job was not present (TinnR package
version 1.0.1 or 1.0.2). In the new version of the TinnR
package (1.0.3), this function trStartIDE was added. The
option R/Configure/Permanent (Rpfile.site) will gener-
ate a new script:
214 WHAT IS NEW?
##===============================================================
## Tinn-R: necessary packages and functions
## Tinn-R: >= 2.2.0.2 with TinnR package >= 1.0.3
##===============================================================
## Set the URL of the preferred repository, below some examples:
options(repos='http://cran.at.r-project.org/') # Austria/Wien
#options(repos='http://cran-r.c3sl.ufpr.br/') # Brazil/PR
#options(repos='http://cran.fiocruz.br/') # Brazil/RJ
#options(repos='http://www.vps.fmvz.usp.br/CRAN/') # Brazil/SP
#options(repos='http://brieger.esalq.usp.br/CRAN/') # Brazil/SP
library(utils)
## Load packages
library(TinnR)
library(svSocket)
## Uncomment the two lines below if you want Tinn-R to always start R at start-up
## (Observation: check the path of Tinn-R.exe)
#options(IDE='C:/Tinn-R/bin/Tinn-R.exe')
#trStartIDE()
## Option
options(use.DDE=T)
## Start DDE
trDDEInstall()
## Short paths
.trPaths <- paste(paste(Sys.getenv('APPDATA'),
'\\Tinn-R\\tmp\\',
sep=''),
c('',
'search.txt',
'objects.txt',
'file.r',
'selection.r',
'block.r',
'lines.r'),
sep='')
2.2.0.1 (Feb/05/2009)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The R toolbar can now be docked at left, top, right and bottom side of
the main interface. Some issues related to Rterm and Tools interface
when dragging the R tools bar, have not completely been solved yet.
In order to fix any problem, hide and show again the Rterm or Tools
interface.
• The Tools interface was a bit reworked and the menu Views was
changed to accommodate the changes.
2.1.1.6 (Nov/17/2008)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.1.1.5 (Nov/12/2008)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.1.1.4 (Nov/10/2008)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.1.1.3 (Nov/04/2008)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.1.1.2 (Oct/20/2008)
• The appearance of the main menu and all pop-up menus were
improved.
C:\Tinn-R\bin\Tinn-R.exe "%f;%l"
2.1.1.1 (Oct/15/2008)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The way Tinn-R creates the variable .trPaths was changed. Now it
is automatic. It was posted on Tinn-R forum by KeithJ (keith_jewell)
- 2008-09-15 16:00. It is very useful in laboratories where most users
have their own account but use the same computer. Now it is not nec-
essary to adapt the file Rprofile.site for each user and R session
any more. Many thanks to keith Jewell for the nice suggestion.
• The Tools and Rterm interfaces were reworked and now both are
dockable. It makes the interface flexible and user customizable.
Many thanks to Thomas Petzoldt for the suggestion.
• In order to attend to the request of some users, the menu (and re-
lated pop-up menu) Edit go back to the project interface with a
new implementation. Due to the large frequency of the use of class
SynEdit (editor, editor split, IO, LOG, etc), the action will be apllied
in the active (selected) instance of the class SynEdit.
2.0.0.7 (Sep/04/2008)
• Bug(s) fixed:
2.0.0.6 (Aug/21/2008)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• Bug(s) fixed:
• This version, and from now on, all versions will be compiled under
the IDE Code Gear 2007, the latest of Borland.
• This version, unlike 2.0.0.1, is fully compatible with the very useful
package debug (of Mark Bravington). It remains an unsolved prob-
lem to submit, when debuging, an external script with incomplete
line, like the one below:
• The structure of the ini and the routine of initialization were deeply
reworked:
• A new folder, bkp, was added to the ini files structure. It contains all
backups of all prior user preferences not (or partially) compatible
with the new versions. The control of all default resources are now
individual, i.e: custom, data, latex, shortcuts and syntax.
– The best way to set the variable .trPath inside of R is using the options:
R/Configure/Temporary or R/Configure/Permanent, both can be found in
the main menu of Tinn-R R/Configure;
• The options to send File, Selection, Block and Lines to end page, were
reworked:
• The source code of Tinn-R was deeply reworked. The aim was to
maintain the prior user knowledge, the stability, and the structural
simplicity, but add more flexibility and power to the GUI, mainly
associated with the new Rterm interface. The IO and LOG interfaces
are instances of the class synEdit:
– IO: the aim was to add flexibility and power, i.e., joining the
power of synEdit (editor) and the functionality of a common
console. All prior user knowledge of the resources associated
with the editor were preserved: marks, shortcuts, syntax, match
brackets, tips, code completion, data completion, etc;
– LOG: has two basic objectives:
1. To make the IO interface cleaner;
2. To avoid synchronization difficulties with the inter process
communication (IPC) called pipe in use.
– The shortcuts and the pop-up menu makes it easy to change
among the interfaces: Editor, IO and LOG:
1. The common Windows shortcut CTRL + TAB changes the
active page (IO-LOG).
2. Any prior line can be sent another time by just placing the
cursor anywhere on and typing: CTRL + ENTER;
– The last line of the IO interface (the prompt) has special fea-
tures:
1. It has some restrictions for edition and navigation;
2. ALT+DOWN and ALT+UP are the shortcuts (prior/later) for
command history. Both are continuous, cyclic and have a
50 lines limit (we think it is sufficient, but if necessary it
can be increased to 100 or more).
1. Rterm;
2. Rgui;
3. Rserver (remote);
A.11. VERSIONS RELEASED IN 2008 (14) 223
• The use of the clipboard as IPC was removed for all. It was an old
request of users to avoid conflict with other application, mainly with
the Open Office suit.
• The TCP/IP resources now are used only with two objectives:
• A new interface Work expl. was added to the Tools interface. It will
always show the folder and files of the latest file opened. It is sim-
pler and has complementary resources to the textitWindows expl.
interface.
• The menu Edit and associated pop-up menu were removed, but, all
the functionality was preserved under shortcuts. To set the prefer-
ences see Options/Editor/Keystrokes.
• The Tools interface was a bit reworked and has new resources.
• Due to new resources (IO interface related with Rterm) the default
shortcuts to view Line numbers and Special characters were changed
to CTRL + ALT + L and CTRL + ALT + K respectivelly. Now CTRL +
L clears the IO and LOG interface, like Rgui.
• The main component synEdit was updated to the latest stable ver-
sion and minor bugs were fixed.
Option Description
Auto indent Will indent the caret on new lines with the same amount of leading white space
as the preceding line
Auto size scroll width Automatically resizes the MaxScrollWidth property when inserting text
Drag and drop editing Allows you to select a block of text and drag it within the document to another
location
Alt sets column mode Holding down the <ALT> key will put the selection mode into columnar format
Maintain caret column When moving through lines w/o cursor past EOL, keeps the X position of the
cursor
Want tabs When active <TAB> and <SHIFT> <TAB> act as block indent, unindent when
text is selected
Smart tabs When tabbing, the cursor will go to the next non-white space character of the
previous line
Smart tab delete Similar to Smart Tabs, but when you delete characters
Enhance home key Enhances HOME key positioning, similar to visual studio
Enhance end Key Enhances END key positioning, similar to JDeveloper
Hide scrollbars as necessary If enabled, then the scrollbars will only show when necessary. If you have Scroll-
PastEOL, then the horizontal bar will always be there (it uses MaxLength instead)
Disable scroll arrows Disables the scroll bar arrow buttons when you can’t scroll in that direction any
more
Half page scroll When scrolling with page-up and page-down commands, only scroll a half page
at a time
Scroll by one less Forces scrolling to be one less
Scroll past end of file Allows the cursor to go past the end of file marker
Scroll past end of line Allows the cursor to go past the last character into the white space at the end of
a line
Show scroll hint Shows a hint of the visible line numbers when scrolling vertically
Scroll hint follows mouse The scroll hint follows the mouse when scrolling vertically
Tabs to spaces Converts a tab character to a specified number of space characters
Trim trailing spaces Spaces at the end of lines will be trimmed and not saved
Group undo When undoing/redoing actions, handle all continuous changes of the same kind
in one call instead undoing/redoing each command separately
Right mouse moves cursor When clicking with the right mouse for a pop-up menu, move the cursor to that
location
Show special chars Shows special characters
A.12. VERSIONS RELEASED IN 2007 (26) 225
1.19.4.7 (Dec/23/2007)
1.19.4.6 (Dec/17/2007)
1.19.4.5 (Dec/14/2007)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.19.4.4 (Dec/13/2007)
• The appearance of the Latex symbols now have a better layout, al-
phabeticalilly ordered. The structure of ini file, related with to it,
was also changed.
• This version enables the user to set two comment(s) character(s): the
main (used for all syntax) and to latex. The options were added to the
main menu Format/Block: it is possible to comment all, uncomment
first and uncomment all. The Application options was a bit reworked
to allow the user to set the preferred latex comment (%, %%, %%%,
etc).
• Some default shortcuts were changed. The ini file related will be
updated to reflect these changes and a backup of the old resource
file will be made at first use of this version.
226 WHAT IS NEW?
1.19.4.3 (Dec/12/2007)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The color of the matched brackets are now user configurable. Set
it at Options/ Syntax and colors/ Preferences/ Brackets(FG).
1.19.4.2 (Dec/11/2007)
1.19.4.1 (Dec/01/2007)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.19.4.0 (Nov/29/2007)
• The Main menu was a bit reworked and some options have now a
better logic place.
1. Empty
2. Natural order (ex: Greek: alpha, beta...; Solar system: Sun, Mercury...)
A.12. VERSIONS RELEASED IN 2007 (26) 227
3. Usability
4. Structural simplicity
5. Number of straight lines
6. Number of curved lines
7. Number of sloped lines
8. Clock wise rotation
• The main menu has a new option Insert/Latex. It enables the user to
make Numerical elements: Array, Matrix, Table and Tabbling.
1.19.3.1 (Nov/15/2007)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.19.3.0 (Nov/12/2007)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• All prior Tinn-R version of the release 1.19.3.X were considered pre-
released (restricted to beta testers only). Many thanks to all testers.
228 WHAT IS NEW?
• Good news for Sweave users: debug, i.e, send line by line a Sweave
script, was enhanced. Now, Tinn-R will search automatically
only inside of the chunks and will disregard all LaTeX texts. You
must start this resource inside of any chunk.
• The structure of the Tinn.ini file was a bit reworked. So, the old back-
ups will not be compatible anymore with that one and fu-
ture versions. This version will recognize the basic old system
configurations, but not all preferences. Sorry for the inconvenience.
• The default ini file for main shortcuts was changed from short-
cuts.bin to shortcuts.txt. Therefore, any old preferences will be
lost. It will be ncessary to define all the personal preferences again.
Sorry for the inconvenience.
• The main component SynEdit was updated to the latest stable ver-
sion (2.0.6).
• The Search results have now the same appearance of the Text high-
lighter.
• In Tools the interface Tags was renamed to Markup. The next re-
source (we are working in it) will be related with LaTeX.
• The status bar functionality was a bit enhanced. Now you can click
inside a specific panel to change the options.
• The way the brackets are highlight (parent matching) was changed.
Now it will contrast with the color with the Active line highlighted;
see in (Options/Main/Application).
• The Results interface was a bit reworked and has now new resources:
Ini log and a new button enabling full expansion. It is a good idea
to check the content of the Ini log if any thing is wrong.
1.19.2.3 (Mar/05/2007)
• This version enables you to compile LaTeX files with bibtex option:
A.12. VERSIONS RELEASED IN 2007 (26) 229
1.19.2.2 (Feb/22/2007)
1.19.2.1 (Feb/19/2007)
1.19.2.0 (Feb/16/2007)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.19.1.13 (Feb/13/2007)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The structure of the Tinn.ini file was a bit reworked. So, the old back-
ups will not be compatible anymore with this and future versions.
This version will recognize the basic old system configurations, but
not all preferences. Sorry for the inconvenience.
• The main menu View/Tools was a bit reworked and has new re-
sources.
• The Tools window has now a new pop-up. It enables you to choose
the visible pages:
1.19.1.12 (Feb/11/2007)
1.19.1.11 (Feb/07/2007)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.19.1.10 (Feb/04/2007)
• A new option was added to the main menu View: R resources visible.
A.12. VERSIONS RELEASED IN 2007 (26) 231
1.19.1.9 (Jan/25/2007)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.19.1.8 (Jan/24/2007)
1.19.1.7 (Jan/23/2007)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.19.1.6 (Jan/21/2007)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.19.1.5 (Jan/09/2007)
1.19.1.4 (Jan/05/2007)
a <- round(rnorm(1000), 2)
b <- round(rnorm(1000), 2)
c <- round(rnorm(1000), 2)
d <- data.frame(a, b, c)
write.table(d, file="clipboard")
232 WHAT IS NEW?
1.19.1.3 (Jan/04/2007)
1.19.1.2 (Jan/01/2007)
• The menu R was a bit reworked and now has a new option: Cus-
tomize. It enables the user to customize the files Rcompletion.r and
Rconfigure.r. Before that, administrator privileges were necessary
to personalize these very useful files.
• The folder where Tinn-R stores its internal files has now a new sub-
folder named custom that stores the files Rcompletion.r and Rcon-
figure.r. It will be also included in backups of the system configu-
ration.
A.13. VERSIONS RELEASED IN 2006 (64) 233
1.19.1.1 (Dec/27/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.19.1.0 (Dec/26/2006)
• The DBase database (RCard and RTip) was upgraded to the native
XML engine provided by Borland. It is very small, stable and fast.
1.19.0.18 (Dec/13/2006)
• The Print resource was a bit reworked: it will always close the print
dialogue after pressing the Print option.
• A new folder named custom was added to the program folders. It con-
tains two customizable files: Rcompletion.r and Rconfigure.r:
i = i + 1
}
Observations:
1.19.0.17 (Dec/10/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.19.0.16 (Dec/08/2006)
• The Main menu was reworked and several options now have a better
logic place.
1.19.0.15 (Dec/07/2006)
• The Main menu was reworked and several options now have a better
logic place.
1.19.0.14 (Dec/06/2006)
<SHIFT + CTRL + +> (plus (+) on the numeric keypad): INCREASE (upper limit is 50)
<SHIFT + CTRL + -> (minus (-) on the numeric keypad): DECREASE (lower limit is 1)
1.19.0.13 (Dec/04/2006)
1.19.0.12 (Dec/04/2006)
• The way as the opened files are closed was enhanced. Now, if any file
was changed and the user chooses Cancel, the current procedure
will be canceled too. For example, closing: projects, all right, all left,
etc.
236 WHAT IS NEW?
1.19.0.11 (Nov/30/2006)
• The Application options was a bit reworked. Now the user can set
the initialization parameters of Rgui. Set it at Application option-
s/R/General/Rgui (Parameters and path).
1.19.0.10 (Nov/30/2006)
1.19.0.9 (Nov/29/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
– A bug related to the Project and associated with the prior ver-
sion of Tinn-R (1.19.0.8) was fixed.
1.19.0.8 (Nov/28/2006)
• The pop-up menus related to the Project, and to the Editor, were a
bit reworked with respect to Put full path in the clipboard option.
1.19.0.7 (Nov/27/2006)
• If the variable rGuiPreferred is empty (as in the first use) in the ini
file, Tinn-R will check in the Windows registry at HKLM\R-core\R to
find the path where Rgui.exe was installed. So, if the user want to
use Tinn-R with R console, it is no longer necessary to set it in
the Application options.
1.19.0.6 (Nov/23/2006)
1.19.0.5 (Nov/21/2006)
• The Application options was a bit reworked. Now the user can de-
cide whether the position of the Tinn-R and Rgui windows will be
organized automatically or not, when Rgui is running. Set it at Ap-
plication options/R/Organize.
1.19.0.4 (Nov/18/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.19.0.3 (Nov/17/2006)
Example of R complex:
mean(rnorm(100))
or
# <<< http://www.r-project.org/
# [email protected]
# [email protected] >>>
mean(rnorm(100))
1.19.0.2 (Nov/09/2006)
1.19.0.1 (Nov/07/2006)
1.19.0.0 (Nov/06/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• Tinn-R has now a new logo/image identity which reflects its natural
evolution.
1.18.7.3 (Oct/30/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
– A small bug was fixed: from now on, whenever the user starts
R inside Tinn-R, it will open automatically in the SDI mode,
otherwise, in the default mode defined in the Rconsole config-
uration file. Also, if any file happens to be open, and active,
the R Working Directory will be set to its path. Otherwise, it
will be set to the default path (../bin) where R was installed.
– Bugs with TCP/IP protocol (associated with the prior version
1.18.7.2) were fixed: sorry for this. By the way, we would like
to remember the users there are still some unsolved problems
with R output under this protocol. For example, the codes be-
low:
f <- function(x)
x/10 + 1
or, i.e, any instruction with more than one single line,
a <- 0
for (i in 1:20) {
a = i
if(a <= 5 ) {
240 WHAT IS NEW?
1.18.7.2 (Oct/30/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
– A small bug, when closing the Rgui and the choice of Cancel,
was fixed.
• The Application options was reworked a little bit. The options en-
abling the user to set Tinn-R to always show Tips and Completion
were removed. We think it was an annoyance. Now, the triggers can
be used to do that.
• One new function was added both in the R toolbar and the R menu:
Toogle start/close. It will enable the user to start/close the preferred
user Rgui.
• From now on, whenever the user starts R inside Tinn-R, it will open
automatically in the SDI mode, otherwise, in the default mode de-
fined in the Rconsole configuration file. Also, if there is any opened
file, the R Working Directory will be set to its path. Otherwise, it
will be set to the default path (../bin) where R was installed.
1.18.7.1 (Oct/26/2006)
1.18.7.0 (Oct/25/2006)
• One new function was added both to the R toolbar and the R menu:
TCP/IP toggle connetion.
1.18.6.13 (Oct/24/2006)
1.18.6.12 (Oct/22/2006)
• Popup menu associated with the Tabs was enhanced. It now addi-
tionally enables you to close all files located at the right or left
from the active tab.
1.18.6.11 (Oct/20/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.18.6.10 (Oct/20/2006)
1.18.6.9 (Oct/17/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The options Send selection will be enabled only if any selection was
done.
1.18.6.8 (Oct/10/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.18.6.7 (Oct/08/2006)
• A new option Organize screen was added to the menu View and the
button associated to it was added to the bar Tools. This has been,
up to now, an old user’s request, and it enables you to put, in a fast
way, the R Console on the top of the screen and the Tinn-R on
the bottom.
• The way project files (*.tps) are opened was changed: the textual file
(by default) will not be opened anymore. The user, now, can easily
edit the file in the Project interface.
1.18.6.6 (Oct/06/2006)
• A new option Sort was added to menu Tools. This enables the user
to sort an entire file (any selection mode) or selection (for while only
for smNormal and smColumn).
1.18.6.5 (Oct/03/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
Therefore, if any file has HTML syntax (with any of those tags
above) all text among the declared brackets is free of speller.
We believe that will work nicely from now on.
244 WHAT IS NEW?
1.18.6.4 (Oct/01/2006)
1.18.6.3 (Sep/29/2006)
• There is a new button in the interface above, that enables the user
to restore the main default Tinn-R shortcuts.
1.18.6.2 (Sep/28/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.18.6.1 (Sep/28/2006)
1.18.6.0 (Sep/26/2006)
• Menu and pop-up menu options were remade and some icons re-
placed/changed.
1.18.5.12 (Sep/15/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.18.5.12 (Sep/13/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.18.5.11 (Sep/12/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.18.5.10 (Sep/11/2006)
1.18.5.9 (Sep/10/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• One new function was added both to the R toolbar and the R menu:
Set work directory (current file path).
• Tinn-R now recognizes all valid extensions for any syntax when sav-
ing files. For example, the new valid R extensions are: *.r, *.Rhistory,
*.q, *.s and *.ssc; so, whenever you type:
• Whenever the tab file has the focus, a new associated pop-up menu
is available with the following options: Close, Close others and Close
all.
• The way Tinn-R opens and closes a project, was changed. Now, any
*.tps (from any source) will also be opened in the Project interface
and all files of the project will be closed only and only if you choose
the option Close entire project.
• The Project interface was isomehow enhanced. Now, the user can
type DELETE to delete either groups or files, INSERT to add files to
selected groups and <CTRL + INSERT> to add the current file to
the selected group.
1.18.5.8 (Ago/03/2006)
• The conflict between the Editor option/Alt sets column mode and
the possible user option Format/Selection mode/Column was fixed.
1.18.5.7 (Ago/01/2006)
1. Close Tinn-R;
2. Download the dictionaries
http://www.luziusschneider.com/Speller/English/index.htm
that you want and install it from the installer (for example IS-
pEnFrGe.exe).
• It is very simple, works nice, has power and all resources are open-
source.
• For a while this component did not recognize the main SynEdit
component used for edition. Consequently, it was necessary to do
the spelling in two steps, making the correction in a new page (Spell)
on Results interface.
A.13. VERSIONS RELEASED IN 2006 (64) 247
1.18.5.6 (Jun/24/2006)
1.18.5.5 (May/29/2006)
• Save and Save as were remade. Thank you John for the good sugges-
tion.
• The user can change the selection mode by clicking the mouse any-
where in the Main status bar. The order of the changes is sensitive
to:
1.18.5.4 (May/28/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.18.5.3 (May/27/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• A single click mouse in the editor gutter now selects the entire line.
248 WHAT IS NEW?
1.18.5.2 (May/22/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.18.5.1 (May/20/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• All icons were changed. Thanks to Philippe for the hard work of its
selection and organization. We hope you like this new look.
• Now, the user can choose which R resources, related to Send to R and
Controlling R, will be visible. To do that, two options are available:
Application options/R/R menu and toolbar and a pop-up menu
associated to R toolbar.
1.18.4.5 (Apr/07/2006)
• The recommendation that, under Windows XP, the user should con-
figure the appearance of windows and buttons to Classic style
of Windows (not for XP style) is no longer used. In other words,
the old conflict among the XPMenu component that Tinn-R uses
and Windows the XP skins was fixed.
1.18.4.4 (Apr/02/2006)
• The menu Help was reworked and new options were added to it.
The basic idea is to show how the HTML files are created by using
the tool converter txt2tags and, the most important, it now en-
ables the users to help us with the constructions and cor-
rections of these files. So, sorry for any language mistake, but
my native language (José Cláudio Faria) is not English and I don’t
want to annoy anyone, anymore, with English corrections. If pos-
sible, please help us, because these documents could be useful to
many other users.
• Tool Computer has now two new buttons that enables the user to
add and remove favorite folders.
1.18.4.3 (Mar/28/2006)
So, the old backups will not be compatible anymore with this and future
versions. This version will recognize the basic old system configurations, but
not all syntax preferences. Sorry for the inconvenience, but, it was necessary.
From now on, Tinn-R will make real system (all ini files) backup of your
settings and preferences.
• Two useful tools for file conversion were added: deplate and txt2tags.
For deplate, the extension .dlpt was proposed, and for txt2tags
Tinn-R recognizes .t2t. The basic highlighters, based on XML, were
proposed for both. We hope users can help us in the devel-
opment. Also, the interface for syntax colors preferences for both
are different from the already known Tinn-R interface. So, please
consider that it is working nicely, but that it will be temporary.
• Tinn-R now enables you to compile LaTeX files with MikTeX and
view the DVI and PDF results (Yap and Acrobat) and also to see HTML
files in your preferred browser starting from Tinn-R.
• All help files were changed from ’.txt’ to ’.html’ using the new txt2tags
tool inside Tinn-R: we hope you like the new resources.
A.13. VERSIONS RELEASED IN 2006 (64) 251
1.18.3.0 (Mar/16/2006)
Therefore, old backups will not be compatible with this and next versions
anymore. This version will recognizes the basic old system configurations,
but not the syntax preferences. Sorry for the inconvenience, but they were
necessary. From now on, Tinn-R will make real system (all ini files) backup of
your settings and preferences.
• Syntax color preferences interface was reworked and it has new op-
tions.
These highlighters have no priorities when you set the syntax color pref-
erences. Thus, if you change the color preferences of any of these multi-
highlighters (Sweave, HTML complex and PHP complex) these settings will
be valid only in the current Tinn-R session and will not be saved when Tinn-R
is closed. So, if you want to make permanent changes, set the preferences
from all simple highlighters (R, TeX, HTML, JavaScript and PHP).
• All Tinn-R color dialogs were reworked and they automatically save
and recover all preferred colors.
252 WHAT IS NEW?
1.18.2.1 (Mar/08/2006)
• Replace text and Search text interface now recognize if more than
one text line was selected and set the option Selected text only auto-
matically.
1.18.2.0 (Mar/06/2006)
These highlighters have no priorities when you set the syntax color pref-
erences. Thus, if you change color preferences of any of these simple high-
lighters (Sweave, HTMLcomplex or PHPcomplex) these settings will be valid
only in the current Tinn-R session and will not be saved when Tinn-R is
closed. So, if you want to make permanent changes, set the preferences of
all these simple highlighters (TeX, R, HTML, JavaScript and PHP) from the
multi-highlighters (Sweave, HTMLcomplex and PHPcomplex) respectively.
1.18.1.10 (Feb/18/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.18.1.9 (Feb/18/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• Sweave syntax highlighter was added to Tinn-R with .rnw and .snw
extensions. For Tinn-R the delimiters are:
• Sweave provides a flexible framework for mixing text and S code for
automatic document generation. A single source file contains both
documentation text and S code, which are then woven into a final
document containing:
• All combo-box related with files and extensions were reworked and
now they are simpler.
1.18.1.8 (Feb/12/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• Two new options were added to menus R and R toolbar: Edit and
Fix. These options enable you to edit or to fix R objects (if they exist
in the R environment).
1.18.1.7 (Jan/14/2006)
1.18.1.6 (Jan/10/2006)
• Bug(s) fixed:
– Small bugs pointed out by users were fixed. Many thanks users!
• Horizontal and vertical splits were deeply reworked. Now they are
more user friendly. In consequence, the main menu View was changed.
• The pop-up menu of the open files was enhanced and two new
options were added: Close all and Close others. The Close others was
also added to the Main menu File. The first enables you to close all
files and the second, all files except the active (current) one. Please
note that both will be enabled only if two or more files are open.
1.18.1.5 (Jan/01/2006)
1.18.1.4 (Dec/24/2005)
1.18.1.3 (Dec/17/2005)
• A new option R syntax as default was added to the main options and
menu Options. It enables you to choose if a new file and file without
extension will be opened for edition with R or General syntax as
default.
• The pop-up menu of the R explorer was enhanced and new options
were added.
• You can now drag and drop objects from the R explorer to editor.
• Bug(s) fixed:
• A new menu option was added to the View menu: R output. This
menu will open a new window on the bottom of the program that
allows you to receive the output of the R as server using only TCP/IP
protocol. It is still experimental.
• Tool Computer now allows you to open (with double click or drag
and drop) any type of files, and no only the ones recognized.
• A new pop-up menu was added to the list view of Tools Computer
that enables you to refresh and to choose the view style.
1.17.2.6 (Oct/27/2005)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.17.2.5 (Oct/25/2005)
• The memory use increases (16 k every second) related to some prior
versions was fixed. Many thanks to users for pointing this out.
1.17.2.4 (Oct/08/2005)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The Restore procedure was a little changed: it now checks if any file
or project was changed (and not saved) prior to restart the program.
• The database was a little reworked. So, if you had any old Tinn-R
version installed, we recommend that you restore the data from this
version. To do this, select Tools/Restore/Database from the main
menu and choose the data folder where Tinn-R was just installed,
as a prior backup.
1.17.2.3 (Oct/03/2005)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.17.2.2 (Oct/02/2005)
• Bug(s) fixed:
It was now fixed. This bug was related to more than one file were selected
from the explorer to be opened and Tinn-R was not running.
So, if Tinn-R is not running (if and only if), avoid to make it because it
will open one instance of Tinn-R and one file (the first in alphabetic
order) only. BTW, if Tinn-R is running, you can select simultaneously any
desired number of files.
– A small bug when you did a global replace in Tinn-R, i.e., Search/Re-
place/OK/Yes to all, and get the following error message: As-
sertion failure (D:\...\SynEdit.pas, line 1460), was fixed: thanks
John!
• Main program icon was changed: I hope you like the new one. BTW,
I got problems because some parts of the Windows showed the old
icon and others the new. I spent a lot of time to find the original
problem: ShellIconCache.
SO, IF YOU GET INCORRECT ICON DISPLAYED ON WINDOWS, AFTER INSTALLING THE NEW
VERSION OF TINN-R, PLEASE, READ THE INSTRUCTIONS BELOW:
For acceleration of the show of the icons Windows stores images in the ICON
CACHE (ShellIconCache) a hidden icon cache file in your windows directory.
Sometimes the icon of the object changes, but Windows shows the old icon
instead of the former one. To solve this problem we suggest to use the
program IconChanger (shareware available at http://www.shelllabs.com/).
If you have just installed Tinn-R with new icon but Windows has not changed
the image, the guide advises you to choose REBUILD ICON CACHE and if
it will not help then choose REMOVE ICON CACHE.
If you have chosen REBUILD the icon cache will start reconstructing at
once. If you have chosen REMOVE, you will see the warning message.
Choose YES, and then you should restart your computer.
A.14. VERSIONS RELEASED IN 2005 (25) 259
• A new button was added to the Misc toolbar that allows you to
choose how Tinn-R will behave after sending anything to R inter-
preter, if checked, the focus will return to Tinn-R.
• The function Clear all was updated and it is now faster. If any prob-
lem occur with different machines and OS, please, tell us.
• The menu Web was a little reworked and a new option is available:
Web/Tinn-R with links to home page (sciViews), sourceforge server
and check for update (from sciViews server).
• After restoring the configurations file, Tinn-R now can close and
restart itself.
1.17.1.1 (Aug/28/2005)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.16.1.8 (Aug/07/2005)
• Bug(s) fixed:
1.16.1.7 (Aug/05/2005)
• Tinn-R team has a new member working on the source code: wel-
come Huashan Chen.
• Tinn-R project (source and bin) is now also available from Source-
Forge. Thanks Huashan.
• Considering the two topics above, Tinn-R is now multiuser. So, for
instance, you can have an administrator account with full access
to all files for installing programs and maintaining the machine.
But for everyday work, you can log in as main user or normal user
(with restricted access) and run Tinn-R without problems in those
restricted environments. This feature is very useful to educational
purposes in statistical laboratories.
Driver:\Winnt\Profiles\UserName\Application data\Tinn-R\data;
Driver:\Winnt\Profiles\UserName\Application data\Tinn-R\temp.
• Menu Tools was reworked a little and new options were added to
backup/restore your personal database and configuration files.
1.16.1.5 (Jul/15/2005)
• Bug(s) fixed:
– A small bug with project (Save and Save as), related to auto-
matic extension ’.tps’, was fixed.
• Tinn-R now works with R in MDI mode if the device graphic is max-
imized with no more limitations of the number of device graphic,
as pointed in the Tinn-R 1.15.1.7 (07 Apr 2005).
• A new menu option (and respective button and hotkey) was added
to the main menu: R/Controlling R/List structure of selected variable
that allows you to list the structure of any R object/variable.
• A new menu (and respective pop-up menu) was added to the main
menu: File/Put full path in clipboard. This option allows you to put
the full path of the file in the clipboard with two options: Unix mode
(../..) or Windows (..\..) (useful to get full path of data files).
1.16.1.4 (May/29/2005)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• A new button was added to the Misc toolbar that allow you unmark
all marks.
• The menu Format was changed. There are now two new options:
1. Format/Block/Mark;
2. Format/Block/Unmark.
The first menu allows you to select a given block of code (line start and line
end) to send it at once to the R interpreter and the last menu entry allows you
to clear an existing marked block. Bookmark 0 is used to mark the beggining
of a marked block and bookmark 1 is used to mark its end. Unmark remove
them only if they were marked with the Block/Mark tool. Otherwise, they are
treated as simple bookmarks. Note that, whatever the way you defined them,
you can always change their position as usual. There is a distinct marked
block defined for each open file, and the tools are enabled only if a block is
marked for the current active document.
• Another new tool was also added to send the current selected text
as a source file to R (and not line by line, as usual).
• The Main toolbar was a little reworked to support the new mark
block option.
• The accuracy of all functions (send to, or, control R ) interacting with
R was enhanced.
• The option Spanish was added to the menu Help/From this version.
It contains:
1. Lea me.html;
2. FAQ.txt;
3. Palabras reconocidas.r.
• Tinn-R is now more flexible if the screen is split: the functions Send
to R and Controlling R works for both (top or below, left or right)
frames.
• A new field (third field from left) was added to the status bar with
three possible values corresponding to the current selection state
of the editor:
• The picture, when opening the program, was changed. Tinn-R pro-
gram is searching for a new logo/image identity. This "tinny" (two
n intentionally), but colorful bird, is a good symbol for the "tinny"
Tinn-R, but rich in nice features regarding the edition of R code!
• The automatic extensions for all Save action was improved. Now, if
you select All files (*.*) you can save the file with any desired exten-
sion or even with no extension at all. Thanks Posta Giovanni.
• The structure of the Tip database was improved. The tip is not lim-
ited to 254 characters anymore, because it is now of memo type.
1.15.1.7 (Apr/07/2005)
• Bug(s) fixed:
• Tinn-R now works with R in MDI mode if the device graphic is max-
imized:
• The state of the Caps Lock key (keyboard) doesn’t influence any
more the Send to R and Controlling R functions.
• A new toolbar named Tools with two buttons (Toggle tools visible and
Align tools right/left) was added to the main toolbar, in consequence
the pop-up Tools was removed.
• The delay for DDE communication with R (for call tips) is now user-
selectable in the Options/Main/Application dialog box (you need
to load svIDE package from SciViews bundle to use this feature).
If Tinn-R seems to freeze and you got no call tip, just increase the
delay.
• Menu Web and Help were a little reworked and new information in
French and Portuguese were added.
• A new pop-up menu is available for Tools. This menu is related with
visibility and position of the Tools panel.
• Project interface was a little reworked and two new options were
added: Expand all and Collapse all groups.
1. Only the file names are showen (no more full paths);
2. All nodes of the project can be dragged:
a) If you drag a project all file will be opened;
b) If you drag a group all files of this group will be opened;
c) if you drag a single file it will be opened.
• The Search results interface was reworked and two old bugs (all
versions of Tinn-R that I don’t knew) were fixed.
• The R highlight dictionary was updated and about 270 new func-
tions were added to be compatible with R parameters completion
proposal (RPCP) database.
A.14. VERSIONS RELEASED IN 2005 (25) 267
• Bug(s) fixed:
– Small (and old) bug with painted symbols ’(’, ’[’, ’{’ inside the
gutter was corrected: thanks Marco!
• It is now possible to place the Tools panel at right or left of the main
window.
• Open dialog for Open file and Add file to project now allow the
selection of multiple files.
• Due to the growth of the code source, it is not possible any more to
maintain Tinn-R code synchronized with the original Tinn project.
So, Tinn-R is now a new open source project. The version numbers
is thus changed. The new convention is: AA.BB.CC.DD S/B
• New panel named Tools (with two tabs: Computer and Project) was
added. This feature will grow up to enhance the interaction with
R interpreter (progressive inclusion of SciViews-R dock Window
feature like the object explorer).
• Bug(s) fixed:
• Send line now works when the cursor is on the end the line.
• The problem with Tinn-R 0.0.9.3 r1.15 beta 1 (released 30 Jan 2005)
that stopped working due to expiration of trial period for Delphi
was solved.
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The problem with Tinn-R 0.0.9.3 r1.14 (released 30 Jan 2005) that
stopped working due to expiration of trial period for Delphi was
solved.
270 WHAT IS NEW?
• This version was compiled with Delphi 7 (Delphi 5 was used for
previous versions).
• Bug(s) fixed:
• The defaults Delphi dialogs were replaced by a new, free and good
suite of components called psvDialogs written by Serhiy Perevoznyk.
Thanks Serhiy! So, the Dialogs are now more pretty.
• The user can now work in all window (even horizontally or vertically
splitted) for comment/uncomment blocks.
• Menu Editor: line below and top was replaced by Editor: Current
line to top. This improves work alternate with Send: Line to end page
and Editor: Current line to top.
• Bug(s) fixed:
• Bug(s) fixed:
• Backup and restore were reworked: now the user can choose the
directory.
• Save file interface was reworked: R files (*.r; *.q) is now the primary
option.
• Open file interface was reworked: the three major file extensions
are now the first one available:
• Bug(s) fixed:
• Bug(s) fixed:
– A bug when R and a graph device are maximized and the latter
had the focus is now fixed (nothing happened in this case when
sending data from Tinn-R to R).
Note: Tinn-R 0.0.9.0 r1.13 is now frozen and goes through a wider beta test
Tinn-R 0.0.9.0 r1.14 and over are considered development versions; they may
possibly show some instabilities during development.
• Two new functions were added both to the R toolbar and the R
menu: Print content of selected variable and List names of selected
variables. Just experiment with these tools to figure out what they
do (for instance, enter iris in a .R file edited in Tinn-R and try these
two tools while this word is selected).
• The icon for Help on selected word was changed, and the Send file
icon in the R toolbar now has a transparent background.
• Now the R console is completely cleaned when you use Clear all (pre-
viously, commands to clear the console where left at the command
line).
• Bug(s) fixed:
• Bug(s) fixed:
• Bug(s) fixed:
– Minor bugs with ControlBar (on resize for a lesser size that the
ControlBar, close application and start new) and View/Toolbar
(checked/unchecked) menu was corrected.
– A minor bug (Save/Save as) with associated extensions was
corrected.
– A minor bug with hotkeys was corrected.
– A minor bugs with project was corrected.
– A minor bug with tollbar of macro was corrected.
• Bug(s) fixed:
• Now Tinn-R also runs with R, SciViews-R and S-Plus (the last still
not finalized but it is running if the window Commands or S-PLUS -
[Commands] have the focus).
• jcfaria suggested a little fix to the File Search window. Russ put it in.
• Marco also suggested a few changes to the Search In Files code. Russ
put that in, too.
• Russ pulled out the bitmaps on a few buttons in a few dialogs as per
Marco’s suggestion to keep things unified.
• Bug(s) fixed:
<ENTER>
and press <UP> -> bug!
• ShortCuts to Print and Play macro were set the same = CTRL + P:
R MANUALS ON CRAN
http://cran.r-project.org/manuals.html
• A draft of The R language definition documents the language per se. That is, the
objects that it works on, and the details of the expression evaluation process, which
are useful to know when programming R functions.
• Writing R Extensions covers how to create your own packages, write R help files, and
the foreign language (C, C++, Fortran, . . . ) interfaces.
• R Data Import/Export describes the import and export facilities available either in R
itself or via packages which are available from CRAN.
• R Internals: a guide to the internal structures of R and coding standards for the core
team working on R itself.
• The R Reference Index: contains all help files of the R standard and recommended
packages in printable form, (approx. 3000 pages).
1 The manuals are created on Debian Linux and may differ from the manuals for Mac or
Windows on platform-specific pages, but most parts will be identical for all platforms.
279
280 R MANUALS ON CRAN
The latex or texinfo sources of the latest version of these documents are
contained in every R source distribution. Take a look at the subdirectory
doc/manual of the extracted archive.
The HTML versions of the manuals are also part of most R installations.
They are accessible by using the function help.start().
APPENDIX C
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software
and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By con-
trast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your
freedom to share and change all versions of a program–to make sure
it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foun-
dation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software;
it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You
can apply it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price.
Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have
the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you
have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software,
or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same free-
doms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive
or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so
they know their rights.
281
282 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
For the developers’ and authors’ protection, the GPL clearly explains
that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users’ and
authors’ sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously
to authors of previous versions.
Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
modified versions of the software inside them, although the manu-
facturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim
of protecting users’ freedom to change the software. The systematic
pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals
to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore,
we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice
for those products. If such problems arise substantially in other do-
mains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in
future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we
wish to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free pro-
gram could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL
assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and mod-
ification follow.
1. Source Code.
The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the work
for making modifications to it. “Object code” means any non-source
form of a work.
A “Standard Interface” means an interface that either is an official
standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case
of interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one
that is widely used among developers working in that language.
The “System Libraries” of an executable work include anything,
other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal
form of packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that
Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work
with that Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface
for which an implementation is available to the public in source
code form. A “Major Component”, in this context, means a major
essential component (kernel, window system, and so on) of the
specific operating system (if any) on which the executable work
runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code
interpreter used to run it.
The “Corresponding Source” for a work in object code form means
all the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts
to control those activities. However, it does not include the work’s
System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available
free programs which are used unmodified in performing those activ-
ities but which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding
284 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
2. Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from run-
ning a covered work is covered by this License only if the output,
given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowl-
edges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by
copyright law.
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise re-
mains in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole
purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or
provide you with facilities for running those works, provided that
you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all mate-
rial for which you do not control copyright. Those thus making or
running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on your
behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit
them from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside
their relationship with you.
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
makes it unnecessary.
a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modi-
fied it, and giving a relevant date.
b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is re-
leased under this License and any conditions added under
section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in sec-
tion 4 to “keep intact all notices”.
c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this Li-
cense to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section
7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
permission to license the work in any other way, but it does
not invalidate such permission if you have separately received
it.
d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has inter-
active interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices,
your work need not make them do so.
work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger
program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is
called an “aggregate” if the compilation and its resulting copyright
are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation’s
users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a cov-
ered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to
the other parts of the aggregate.
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with,
or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs
as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use
of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or
for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized),
the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be
accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement
does not apply if neither you nor any third party retains the ability
to install modified object code on the User Product (for example,
the work has been installed in ROM).
288 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7. Additional Terms.
“Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program
shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to
the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional
permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be
used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program
remains governed by this License without regard to the additional
permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part
of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material
you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright
holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with
terms:
8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, un-
less and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates
your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to
notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60
days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is rein-
stated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the vi-
olation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
290 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate
the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you
under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not
permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses
for the same material under section 10.
11. Patents.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 291
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
297
298 INDEX
projects, 92 R functions
Python, 11 help.start, 280
R packages
R Hmisc, 210
card, 74, 90
explorer, 73 save my preferences, 28
mirror, 91, 172 search
mirrors, 75, 172 case sensitivity, 82
set mirror, 172 in files, 82
R menu, 130 regular expressions, 82
close, 130 results, 83
connections, 130 search menu, 119
control, 136 secrets, 153
control packages, 137 active page, 178
Rterm, 130 after installation, 155
Rterm clear, 132 appearance, 160
Rterm file, 131 arrange, 178
Rterm file IO, 131 auto completion, 178
Rterm file lOG, 132 bars, 174
Rterm focus, 132 card (R), 171
Rterm fontsize, 134 colors preference, 166
Rterm highlighter, 133 database, 168
Rterm highlighter IO, 133 completion, 168
Rterm highlighter LOG, 133 shortcuts, 168
Rterm history, 134 dock, 161
Rterm line wrap, 134 editor options, 162
Rterm size, 132 Editor: how to?, 177
Rterm split, 133 general, 160
Rterm workspace, 134 highlighters preference, 166
send, 135 I’m panicking, 159
start, 130 introduction, 154
recognized words, 151 macros, 177
regular expressions, 98 marks, 177
character classes, 99 project, 167
escape sequences, 98 R, 163, 170
simple matches, 98 explorer, 170
replace, 80 spell checker, 175
reuse my preferences, 28 split, 176
Rgui, 6 tab order, 178
Rterm, 6 tools, 167
interface, 59 visibility, 158
IO, 61 selection mode, 50
LOG, 62 column, 52
Ruby, 9 line, 52
INDEX 301
303