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NATURALISM

Naturalism is an educational philosophy that believes education should follow nature. It advocates for individual freedom and differences in learning. Jean Jacques Rousseau was an influential 18th century naturalist who believed humans are inherently good but corrupted by society. Naturalism principles include nature as the final reality, the mind as brain functioning, and the child as central to education. Forms include physical, mechanical, and biological naturalism. Naturalism in education focuses on the learner's freedom and discipline through natural consequences, and a child-centered curriculum through sensory training and activities. Its aims are to perfect humans, attain happiness, and adapt to the environment through natural development. Nationalism stimulated public school systems to promote national interests through a common language and

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763 views2 pages

NATURALISM

Naturalism is an educational philosophy that believes education should follow nature. It advocates for individual freedom and differences in learning. Jean Jacques Rousseau was an influential 18th century naturalist who believed humans are inherently good but corrupted by society. Naturalism principles include nature as the final reality, the mind as brain functioning, and the child as central to education. Forms include physical, mechanical, and biological naturalism. Naturalism in education focuses on the learner's freedom and discipline through natural consequences, and a child-centered curriculum through sensory training and activities. Its aims are to perfect humans, attain happiness, and adapt to the environment through natural development. Nationalism stimulated public school systems to promote national interests through a common language and

Uploaded by

Krestine Undag Elona
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NATURALISM TO THE 20TH CENTURY

NATURALISM

-stands for education in accordance with nature

-aimed at the preservation of the natural goodness and virtue of individual and the formation of society
based upon the recognition of the natural rights.

-the oldest philosophy

- believes in the principle of individual differences which means that every child has a unique capacity to acquire
knowledge and also the place of learning is unique.

Jean Jacques Rousseau

-an outstanding champion in 18th century naturalism

-took the view that man, as he came from nature, was good but he became evil through contact with society.

-he emphasized the necessity for the child to be free to develop according to his own natural impulses.

-his educational aim was to free man from the artificialities and restraints of human society.

PRINCIPLES OF NATURALISM

1. Nature is the final reality.


2. Mind is the brain functioning and brain is matter.
3. The entire universe is governed by the laws of nature.
4. There is no God or spirit.
5. Follow nature is the greatest slogan of naturalism in education.
6. The child occupies the central position in the educative process.
7. The naturalists advocate freedom in education.
8. Senses are the gateways of knowledge.

FORMS OF NATURALISM

1. Physical Naturalism
2. Mechanical Naturalism
3. Biological Naturalism
4.
NATURALISM IN EDUCATION

LEARNER
 Individual is to be given unrestricted freedom and only then his harmonious development will take place
 The checks on the child are also to be natural
 The naturalists advocate discipline by natural consequences
 A danger that the child may harm himself and cause worry to the parents

TEACHER
 Extreme naturalist ignore teacher; because teacher will interfere with the development of a child
 If the teacher is to be there, let him design situations which help in the inculcation of right type of habits in
children
 As a director of activity, the should not overdo his role or overact his role

CURRICULUM

 Child centered according to the present and future needs of a child


 Curriculum divided under 2 stages:
i. Earlier stage: sensory training
ii. Later stage: subjects are included in the curriculum through activities and occupations like physical
sciences, language, mathematics and manual work, trade, moral education

3 Modern Principles of Teaching

1. The Principle of Growth


2. The Principle of Self-activity
3. The Principle of Individualization

NATURALISM AND AIMS OF EDUCATION

1. To perfect the human machines.


2. Attainment of present and future happiness
3. Preparation for the struggle of existence.
4. Adaptation of environment.
5. Improvement of racial gains.
6. Natural development.

NATIONALISM

Nationalism

-stimulated the development of the state-controlled and state-supported public school systems that are to be
found throughout the world today.

-its aim was the preservation and glorification of the state.

-recognized that an efficient national system of education would promote national goals

-a national spirit, the love of a country

-the emotional ties to the interests of a nation and the symbols that represent it.

- is an ideology and movement that promotes the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of
people)especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty (self-governance) over
its homeland.

American Educational System

-aimed simply to develop responsible citizenship and national feeling

Development of Nationalism

-creation of a common language

-grammar is the leading subject in curriculum

After World War 1

1. Americanization movement stressed the teaching of English to all foreign-born immigrants,


2. Teaching the foreign-born individual
3. s the principles of democracy and duty of citizenship.,
4. Physical and health training were considered essential.
5. Vocational Training
6. Teaching of history and geography

REPORTER: KRESTINE U. ELONA

EDUC 209

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