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Chomsky Theory

According to Chomsky, language acquisition is derived from innate processes in the human mind. He proposed that all children share the same internal constraints that characterize the grammar they construct, regardless of external experiences. Children have an optimal age for language development and do not require formal teaching to learn language. Chomsky argued that language is an innate structure of the human brain. Skinner viewed language acquisition differently, believing that children are like empty vessels that must be filled with language from the environment. His theory of operant conditioning holds that behaviors are reinforced through consequences in the environment, modifying the likelihood of those behaviors being repeated. Through the process of shaping using successive approximations, even simple animals can be taught complex behaviors, and humans are shaped by their

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191 views2 pages

Chomsky Theory

According to Chomsky, language acquisition is derived from innate processes in the human mind. He proposed that all children share the same internal constraints that characterize the grammar they construct, regardless of external experiences. Children have an optimal age for language development and do not require formal teaching to learn language. Chomsky argued that language is an innate structure of the human brain. Skinner viewed language acquisition differently, believing that children are like empty vessels that must be filled with language from the environment. His theory of operant conditioning holds that behaviors are reinforced through consequences in the environment, modifying the likelihood of those behaviors being repeated. Through the process of shaping using successive approximations, even simple animals can be taught complex behaviors, and humans are shaped by their

Uploaded by

ahmad khoirudin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chomsky theory

According to him, to study languages, it is important study human nature that lies in human mind. Noam
Chomsky postulated that the mechanism of language acquisition is derived from the innate processes.
Innate is something which is already there in mind since birth. The theory proposed by Chomsky is
proved by the children living in same linguistic community. Moreover, they are not influenced by the
external experiences which bring about the comparable grammar. He thus proposed his theory on
language acquisition in 1977 as “all children share the same internal constraints which characterize
narrowly the grammar they are going to construct.” He also proposed that all of us live in a biological
world, and according to him, the mental world is no exception. He also believes that as there are stages
of development for other parts of the body, language development can also be achieved up to a certain
age. he argues that language is an innate structure, or function, of the human brain. He believes children
do not need any formal teaching to learn language. These are three factors of supporting his argument.
child has the optimal age, child does not need a trigger to begin language acquisition. Child still gasp the
language in the same manner and speak same way.
Skinner theory

Skinner viewed babbies as empty vessels which language had to ne put in to. B. F. Skinner’s theory is
based on operant conditioning. The organism is in the process of “operating” on the environment, which
in ordinary terms means it is bouncing around its world, doing what it does. During this “operating,” the
organism encounters a special kind of stimulus, called a reinforcing stimulus, or simply a reinforcer. This
special stimulus has the effect of increasing the operant -- that is, the behavior occurring just before the
reinforcer. This is operant conditioning: “the behavior is followed by a consequence, and the nature of
the consequence modifies the organisms tendency to repeat the behavior in the future.” A question
Skinner had to deal with was how we get to more complex sorts of behaviors. He responded with the
idea of shaping, or “the method of successive approximations.” Basically, it involves first reinforcing a
behavior only vaguely similar to the one desired. Once that is established, you look out for variations
that come a little closer to what you want, and so on, until you have the animal performing a behavior
that would never show up in ordinary life. Skinner and his students have been quite successful in
teaching simple animals to do some quite extraordinary things.Beyond fairly simple examples, shaping
also accounts for the most complex of behaviors. We are gently shaped by our environment to enjoy
certain things.

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