1.

Objective
Appin Technologies

The objective of the industrial training is that to learn and implement the cloud computing.
Cloud Computing often referred to as “the cloud”, in simple terms means storing or accessing
your data and programs over the internet rather than your own hard drive. The training
basically comprises of the set of steps where we learned different types of technologies and
was able to make a website and accessing the website by making a cloud server.

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 2. Introduction to Cloud computing
When a communication take place among remote end users through public network ( internet) ,
the data packets transmitted from one end user through many devices ( routers, switches )
situated at public network to reach at destination end user. On the prospective of the network ,the
no. of devices available in public network to transmit data packets from one end user to another
makes a cloud. Cloud computing is one step more where with the devices there are also data
storage, applications, software’s and resources ( CPU, RAM ) . Cloud computing define as all
things inside one roof.

 Cloud Computing Concepts:

i) IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service ) :- IaaS is next step of virtualization mean get all
physical resources virtually. it is the core part of cloud computing where all the
resources such as CPU, RAM, hard disk and data storages get as a services. IaaS is
actually a hardware layer.

ii) PaaS (Platform as a Service ):- It is upper layer of IaaS and provides platforms for
programming development and testing . It mainly provides web services, database
services and application services.

iii) SaaS (Software as a Service):- It is top layer of SaaS and provides end user software’s
such as email, virtual desktops etc.

 Types of Cloud:

i) Public Cloud:- When the resources are available at public network and accessed through
it. The services offered by public cloud may be free of pay per user scale. Examples of
public clouds are Amazon Web Service ( AWS ), Google Apps etc.

ii) Private Cloud:- When the cloud is prepared for resource utilization through a single
organization. Users are able to access the resources available in that organization.

iii) Hybrid Cloud:- It is a combination of both public and private cloud. When user are able
to access the resources available at both public and private cloud through API’s (
Application Programmable Interface )

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3. Use of VMware Workstation
VMware Workstation is a hosted hypervisor that runs on x64 versions of Windows and Linux
operating systems (an x86version of earlier releases was available);[3] it enables users to set
up virtual machines (VMs) on a single physical machine, and use them simultaneously along
with the actual machine. Each virtual machine can execute its own operating system, including
versions of Microsoft Windows, Linux, BSD, and MS-DOS. VMware Workstation Pro is
primarily designed to create and manage multiple simultaneous VMs and can support large
VMs using 16 virtual CPUs ( v CPUs ) and 64 GB of RAM -- a significant allocation of
resources for any desktop-type computer.

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4. Operating System
We know that Linux is a kernel and multiple operating system build on it. The structure of
operating system is such that the first top layer is user interface, second is shell, third is kernel
and fourth is hardware. User interface where all software and application are running. Shell
works here as command interpreter. And kernel is a module that works as hardware executor
according to shell instruction.

Installation of Centos operating system:

 For the installation purpose we are going to create three partition
i) / - with 20 GB
ii) /boot - with 200MB
iii) Swap - double of RAM

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 Basic Commands
 Bin – Normal user’s command directory.
 Boot – Operating system boot configuration files.
 Dev – Devices Configuration.
 Etc – Service configuration data.
 Home – Normal user’s home directory.
 Lib – Library file’s information.
 Mnt - Mount partition on directory.
 Opt - Install third party software.
 Proc – Current status of system.
 Root – Root user’s home directory.
 Sbin – Root user’s command directory.
 Var – Store log messages. Media - Mount foreigner media.
 pwd – To see the present working directory
 mkdir- To make a directory
 vim – To edit the text file
 rmdir-To remove a directory
 touch- To create a empty text file
 cp –rv <source path> <destination path>- For copying a file

Network Configuration
Before configure network on linux based operating system first understand ipaddress , subnetmask
, gateway and dns server used by host machine to communicate with the other machine’s present in
a network.
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 IP Address
IP address stands for Internet protocol address. It is a logical address configure at host machine to
identity host in a network. It is available into two versions IPv4 and IPv6.IPv4 is IPv4 is a 32 bit ipaddress
written in dotted decimal format. Example of IP address in version 4 is 192.168.1.245 , 172.16.1.5 etc.
IPv6 is a 128 bit IP address written in colon delimited hexadecimal format. Example of IPv6 is 2008:3c4d:
fffc: 0012:0001:0001:0001:0012

 Subnet Mask

Each IP address always mention with a subnet mask. The subnet mask is used to differentiate
host bits and network bits in a IP address mean how much portion of IP address is used for
network and how much for host. The format of subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 .
 DNS
DNS stands for Domain Name System. DNS service is used to resolve FQDN (Fully Qualified
Domain Name ) hostname to resolve IP address and vice versa. The port number used by DNS
service is 53 which works on both TCP and UDP.

Network Configuration in Centos

Network configuration for hosts means to configure ip address, subnet mask , gateway and dns
server. There are two way to configure network first is with the help of DHCP ( Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol ) which configure a host dynamically without any intervention while the
second way is to configure host manually. First of all check what the ip address is taken by host
is check with the following command.

i) #ifconfig- Help to configure host with the help of this command

ii) #system-config-network-
iii) #vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

YUM (Yellow dog update manager)

YUM server is based on server/client model.YUM server is used for software management and It
has ability to resolve dependencies of packages that require by them to work properly while rpm
command not has. As YUM works on server/client model therefore there is only need to
configure YUM server on a machine and all client available in premises will be able to access
packages through this server. We can use YUM service to install packages through public
network .

Partition

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 Partition is a part of disk management. Partition is a part of hard disk used to store data. Before
learning how to create partitions on a hard disk first discuss about some of the terms used in disk
management.

Types of Partition:
i) Primary partition
ii) Secondary partition
To view partition table info:
#fdisk -l

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5. HTML
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web
pages and web applications. Hyper Text refers to links that connect web pages to one another,
either within a single website or between websites. Links are a fundamental aspect of the Web.
By uploading content to the Internet and linking it to pages created by other people, you become
an active participant in the World Wide Web. Tags in HTML are case insensitive. That is, they
can be written in uppercase, lowercase, or a mixture. Example <title> tag can be written as
<Title>,<TITLE> or in any other way.
Sample Code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bsearch Form</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="keywords" content="Shadow Login Form template Responsive, Login form web
template,Flat Pricing tables,Flat Drop downs Sign up Web Templates, Flat Web Templates,
Login sign up Responsive web template, SmartPhone Compatible web template, free
webdesigns for Nokia, Samsung, LG, SonyEricsson, Motorola web design" />
<script type="application/x-javascript"> addEventListener("load", function() {
setTimeout(hideURLbar, 0); }, false); function hideURLbar(){ window.scrollTo(0,1); }
</script>
<!-- Custom Theme files -->
<link href="css/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" />
<!-- //Custom Theme files -->
<!-- web font -->
<link
href="css/css?family=Cormorant+Garamond:300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,600,600i,700,700i"
rel="stylesheet">
<link href="css/css?family=Arsenal:400,400i,700,700i" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- //web font -->
</head>
<body>
<!-- main -->
<div class="main-agileinfo slider ">
<div class="items-group">
<div class="item agileits-w3layouts">
<div class="block text main-agileits">
<span class="circleLight"></span>
<!-- login form -->

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 <div class="login-form loginw3-agile">
<div class="agile-row">
<h1>BLOOD BANK</h1>
<h2 align="center">Search Person</h2>
<div class="login-agileits-top">
<form action="/cgi-bin/bsearch.py"
method="post">
<p>CITY </p>
<input type="text"
class="name" name="txt1"/>
<p>BLOOD GROUP</p>
<input type="text"
class="name" name="txt2" required=""/>
<label class="anim">
<span> </span>
</label>
<input type="submit"
value="SEARCH">
</form>
</div>
<div class="login-agileits-bottom wthree">
<h6><a
href="/web">LOGOUT</a></h6>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="w3lsfooteragileits">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- //main -->
</body>
</html>

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6. CSS
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document
written in a markup language like HTML. CSS is designed to enable the separation of presentation
and content, including layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve
content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation
characteristics, enable multiple web pages to share formatting by specifying the relevant CSS
in a separate .css file, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content.

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7. MY-SQL

MySQL is an open source relational database management system (RDBMS).[6] Its name is a
combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter,[7] and "SQL", the
abbreviation for Structured Query Language.MySQL is based on a client-server model. The
core of My SQL is My SQL server, which handles all of the database instructions (or
commands). My SQL server is available as a separate program for use in a client-server
networked environment and as a library that can be embedded (or linked) into seperate
applications. My SQL operates along with several utility programs which support the
administration of My SQL databases. Commands are sent to My SQL Server via the MySQL
client, which is installed on a computer. My SQL was originally developed to handle large
databases quickly. Although My SQL is typically installed on only one machine, it is able to
send the database to multiple locations, as users are able to access it via different MySQL
client interfaces. These interfaces send SQL statements to the server and then display the
results.
Some Commands learned during training:

1. SELECT - extracts data from a database

2. UPDATE - updates data in a database
3. DELETE - deletes data from a database
4. INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
5. CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
6. ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
7. CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
8. ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
9. DROP TABLE - deletes a table
10. CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
11. DROP INDEX - deletes an index

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 8. CGI
Common Gateway Interface (CGI) offers a standard protocol for web servers to execute
programs that execute like console applications (also called command-line interface programs)
running on a server that generates web pages dynamically. Such programs are known as CGI
scripts or simply as CGIs. The specifics of how the script is executed by the server are
determined by the server. In the common case, a CGI script executes at the time a request is
made and generates HTML.

Each web server runs HTTP server software, which responds to requests from web browsers.
Generally, the HTTP server has a directory (folder), which is designated as a document collection
— files that can be sent to Web browsers connected to this server.[5] For example, if the Web
server has the domain name example.com , and its document collection is stored
at /usr/local/apache/htdocs in the local file system, then the Web server will respond to a request
for http://example.com/index.html by sending to the browser the (pre-written)
file /usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.html .
For pages constructed on the fly, the server software may defer requests to separate programs and
relay the results to the requesting client (usually, a web browser that displays the page to the end
user). In the early days of the web, such programs were usually small and written in a scripting
language; hence, they were known as scripts.
Such programs usually require some additional information to be specified with the request. For
instance, if Wikipedia were implemented as a script, one thing the script would need to know is
whether the user is logged in and, if logged in, under which name. The content at the top of a
Wikipedia page depends on this information.
Sample code:

#!/usr/bin/python

Import cgi,cgitb(sub program that fetches and saves in form

Form=cgi.FieldStorage();

Name1=form.getvalue(‘tx1’);

Age1=form.getvalue(‘age’);

Gender=form.getvalue(‘mob’);

Address=form.getvalue(‘add 1’);

Print”Content-type:text/html \n”;

Print “<html><head><title>result</title></head>”;

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9. Python
Python is an interpreted high-level programming language for general-purpose programming.
Created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991, Python has a design philosophy that
emphasizes code readability, notably using significant whitespace. It provides constructs that
enable clear programming on both small and large scales.

Python is a multi-paradigm programming language. Object-oriented programming and structured

programming are fully supported, and many of its features support functional
programming and aspect-oriented programming (including by meta programming and meta
objects (magic methods)).Many other paradigms are supported via extensions, including design
by contract and logic programming.
Python uses dynamic typing, and a combination of reference counting and a cycle-detecting
garbage collector for memory management. It also features dynamic name resolution (late
binding), which binds method and variable names during program execution.

 The if statement, which conditionally executes a block of code, along with else and elif (a
contraction of else-if).
 The for statement, which iterates over an iterable object, capturing each element to a local
variable for use by the attached block.
 The while statement, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is true.
 The try statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be caught
and handled by except clauses; it also ensures that clean-up code in a finally block will
always be run regardless of how the block exits.
 The raise statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught exception.
 The class statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local namespace to
a class, for use in object-oriented programming.
 The def statement, which defines a function or method.
 The with statement, from Python 2.5 released on September 2006, which encloses a code
block within a context manager (for example, acquiring a lock before the block of code is
run and releasing the lock afterwards, or opening a file and then closing it),
allowing Resource Acquisition Is Initialization (RAII)-like behavior and replaces a common
try/finally idiom.[61]
 The pass statement, which serves as a NOP. It is syntactically needed to create an empty
code block.
 The assert statement, used during debugging to check for conditions that ought to apply.
 The yield statement, which returns a value from a generator function. From Python
2.5, yield is also an operator. This form is used to implement co routines.
 The import statement, which is used to import modules whose functions or variables can be
used in the current program. There are three ways of using import: import <module name> .
 The print statement was changed to the print() function in Python 3.

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10. Launching of the cloud server:
 Hypervisor Configuration:
Hypervisor is a tool which can be used for virtualize the server system.
 Cloud Configuration:
 #yum install java-1.6.0* ant ant-jdepend
genisoimage mysql mysql-server ws-
commons-util MySQL-python tomcat6

 Set the JAVA_HOME environment
 #export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-
1.6.0-openjdk.x86_64/

 #vim /root/.bashrc
 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-
1.6.0-openjdk.x86_64/
 :wq

 Install and configure management server
 #yum install cloud-client*

 Then copy the vhd-utils file at
 #cp vhd-util /usr/share/cloudstack-
common/scripts/vm/hypervisor/xenserver
/

 Configure database server
 #yum install mysql mysql-server

 #vim /etc/my.cnf

 innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 1
 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 600
 max_connections = 350

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  log-bin = mysql-bin
 binlog-format = 'ROW'
 :wq

 #service mysqld restart

 #chkconfig mysqld on

 #mysql_secure_installation – to
configure user for mysql server.

 Then create database for cloud
 #cloudstack-setup-databases
cloud:redhat@localhost --deploy-
as=root:redhat

 #yum install cloud-agent

 #cloudstack-setup-management
 After that prepare the system VM template

 #/usr/share/cloudstack-
common/scripts/storage/secondary/cloud
-install-sys-tmplt -m /export/secondary -u
http://your-ip/iso/systemvmtemplate-
2013-06-12-master-kvm.qcow2.bz2 -h kvm
-F

 #yum install cloud-agent

 #service cloudstack-management start

 #service cloudstack-agent start

 #chkconfig cloudstack-agent on

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  #chkconfig cloudstack-management
 #cloudstack-setup-agent
 enter your ip address

 #cloudstack-setup-management

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11. Launching of Cloud Server Using AWS
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a subsidiary of Amazon.com that provides on-demand cloud
computing platforms to individuals, companies and governments, on a paid subscription basis.
The technology allows subscribers to have at their disposal a virtual cluster of computers,
available all the time, through the Internet. AWS's version of virtual computers emulate most
of the attributes of a real computer including hardware (CPU(s) & GPU(s) for processing,
local/RAM memory, hard-disk/SSD storage); a choice of operating systems; networking; and
pre-loaded application software such as web servers, databases, CRM, etc. Each AWS system
also virtualizes its console I/O (keyboard, display, and mouse), allowing AWS subscribers to
connect to their AWS system using a modern browser. The browser acts as a window into the
virtual computer, letting subscribers log-in, configure and use their virtual systems just as they
would a real physical computer. They can choose to deploy their AWS systems to provide
internet-based services for themselves and their customers.
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a secure cloud services platform, offering compute power,
database storage, content delivery and other functionality to help businesses scale and grow.
Explore how millions of customers are currently leveraging AWS
cloud products and solutions to build sophisticated applications with increased flexibility,
scalability and reliability. By using aws we can access our website globally by using a single
public IP

.
--------A CLOUD DATACENTER--------

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