Cad Mid Lab Report

Introduction to CAD:
CAD (Computer Aided Design) is the use of computer software to design and document a product’s design
process.
Engineering drawing entails the use of graphical symbols such as points, lines, curves, planes and
shapes. Essentially, it gives detailed description about any component in a graphical form.

Background:
Engineering drawings have been in use for more than 2000 years. However, the use of orthographic
projections was formally introduced by the French mathematician Gaspard Monge in the eighteenth century.
Since visual objects transcend languages, engineering drawings have evolved and become popular over the
years. While earlier engineering drawings were handmade, studies have shown that engineering designs are
quite complicated. A solution to many engineering problems requires a combination of organization, analysis,
problem solving principles and a graphical representation of the problem. Objects in engineering are
represented by a technical drawing (also called as drafting) that represents designs and specifications of the
physical object and data relationships. Since a technical drawing is precise and communicates all information
of the object clearly, it has to be precise. This is where CAD comes to the fore.
CAD stands for Computer Aided Design. CAD is used to design, develop and optimize products. While it is very
versatile, CAD is extensively used in the design of tools and equipment required in the manufacturing process
as well as in the construction domain. CAD enables design engineers to layout and to develop their work on a
computer screen, print and save it for future editing.
When it was introduced first, CAD was not exactly an economic proposition because the machines at those
times were very costly. The increasing computer power in the later part of the twentieth century, with the
arrival of minicomputer and subsequently the microprocessor, has allowed engineers to use CAD files that are
an accurate representation of the dimensions / properties of the object.

Use of CAD:
CAD is used to accomplish preliminary design and layouts, design details and calculations, creating 3-D models,
creating and releasing drawings, as well as interfacing with analysis, marketing, manufacturing, and end-user
personnel.
CAD facilitates the manufacturing process by transferring detailed information about a product in an
automated form that can be universally interpreted by trained personnel. It can be used to produce either
two-dimensional or three-dimensional diagrams. The use of CAD software tools allow the object to be viewed
from any angle, even from the inside looking out. One of the main advantages of a CAD drawing is that the
editing is a fast process as compared to manual method. Apart from detailed engineering of 2D or 3D models,
CAD is widely used from conceptual design and layout of products to definition of manufacturing of
components. CAD reduces design time by allowing precise simulation rather than build and test physical
prototypes. Integrating CAD with CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) streamlines the product development
even more.

CAD software enables:

 Efficiency in the quality of design
 Increase in the Engineer’s productivity
 Improve record keeping through better documentation and communication
Today, the use of CAD has permeated almost all industries. From aerospace, electronics to manufacturing,
CAD is used in all industry verticals.

Types of CAD Software:

Since its introduction in late 1960’s, CAD software has improved by leaps and bounds. A broad classification of
CAD is:
 2D CAD
 3D CAD
 3D Wireframe and Surface Modelling
 Solid Modelling
With more and more companies (if not all) turning to CAD / CAE / CAM to achieve efficiency, accuracy and
reduced time-to-market of products, there is a growing demand for CAD software. The industry leaders in this
space include AutoCAD, Dassault Systems and Altair.
AutoCAD:
Autocad is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application. Developed and
marketed by Autodesk,[1] AutoCAD was first released in December 1989 as a desktop app running
on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers.[2] Before AutoCAD was introduced, most commercial
CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a
separate graphics terminal.[3] Since 2010, AutoCAD was released as a mobile- and web app as well, marketed
as AutoCAD 360.

Week 1:

 Installing Autocad 2009

 Introduction to Autocad
 Getting Familiar with work space
 Introduction to Basic Commands

Workspace:

 Changing Background Colors

 Selection from Blue Box and Green Box
 Zoom Command
 Undo/Redo
 Limits and Grid
 Opening a File
 New Workspace
 Saving a file
 List of command
 Pan  Ellipse
 Erase  Hatch
 Ellipse  Spline
 Hatch  Text
 Spline  Area
 Text  Units
 Area  Scale
 Units  Point/Multiple Points
 Plot  Divide (Use ddptype to change the
 Move pointer for the division)
 Copy  Move
 Offset  Rotate
 Rotate


Week 2:

List of command
 Relative Coordinates  Explode
 Offset  Offset
 Mirror  Dimensioning
 Array  Join
 Stretch  Trim
 Break  Chamfer
  Fillet
Steps:
 First draw a 8 unit radius circle in a center.
 Again draw a 8.4unit dia circle.
 From the center of circle moving 16 unit left and draw a e unit dia cicrcle and 2 unit radius.
 Now pic a line and draw a tangent on both 2 unit and 8 unit radius circle upper side.
 Then mirror it down now hole left portion is ready.
 Mirror this hole sketch about vertical center line and get required sketch.
 On last dimensioning is done.

Week 3:
In this week one assignment had assigned and draw 2d sketches.

Draw this sketch in 3rd week along with assignment.

Steps:
 In this sketch first draw a center line and define the center of mouth of tool on each side
 Draw a circle 10 unit on left side and 9 unit on right side
 After this make the center portion moving 4 unit above draw a line of 70 unit.
 This line and circles are filleted on a radius of 30 unit on top left side and 8 on tiop right side.
 By using these commands fillet, trim and offset and miiror we draw a hole sketch of this spanner.

Week 4:
Quiz was conducted in this week.
Week 5:
In this week we start and learned about the isometric projection.

 1st Angle of Projection

 3rd Angle of Projection

Comparison between 1st and 3rd angle of projction

 The object is imagined in 1st quadrant.  The object is imagined to be in 3th
 Object lies between observer and plane. quadrant.
 Plan is assumed to be Non transparent.  Plane lies between observer and
object.
 Plane should be transparent.

SETTING UP SHEET FOR DRAWING:

 Take a half imperial size drawing paper of 560 mm x 380 mm.

 Draw the border lines taking A = 30 mm and B = 10 mm.

 Now clear space in the drawing paper is 520 mm x 360 mm.

 The scale of drawing is decided from the size of object and number of views required to draw. Let L,
W and H be the length, width and height of the object.
we draw the isometric view of this object…

OBJECT ISOMETRIC VIEW

Steps:
 First we decide a page A4 and darw a margin lines.
 Then we find the values of E(is the equal spacing horizontally) and F (is the equally spacing vertically).
 Now we find the working box in which we draw a views of 3d object.
 We draw this object in 2nd angle of projection front and side views on upper and top view on left
bottom corner.
 These sketches are drawn by using various commands like trim,fillet,tangent line,mirror and offset.
 After making the views draw a title box on right bottom corner.
Week 6:
In this week we did practice of isometric projection.

OBJECT ISOMETRIC VIEW

Steps:
 First we decide a page A4 and darw a margin lines.
 Then we find the values of E(is the equal spacing horizontally) and F (is the equally spacing vertically).
 Now we find the working box in which we draw a views of 3d object.
 We draw this object in 1st angle of projection front and side views op upper and top view on left
bottom corner.
 These sketches are drawn by using various commands like trim,fillet,tangent line,mirror and offset.
 After making the views draw a title box on right bottom corner.
Week 7:
In this week we also did practice of isometric projection.

OBJECT ISOMETRIC VIEW

Steps:
 First we decide a page A4 and darw a margin lines.
 Then we find the values of E(is the equal spacing horizontally) and F (is the equally spacing vertically).
 Now we find the working box in which we draw a views of 3d object.
 We draw this object in 1st angle of projection front and side views op upper and top view on left
bottom corner.
 These sketches are drawn by using various commands like trim,fillet,tangent line,mirror and offset.
 After making the views draw a title box on right bottom corner.