Black Hole Presentation PDF

The Birth of a Black Hole
This is called a black hole.

They're extremely dense, with
In less than a second the such strong gravitational attraction
star will implode into itself that even light cannot escape their
and cause an explosion grasp if it comes near
larger than the solar system. enough. Albert Einstein first
predicted the existence of black
holes in 1916, with his general theory
of relativity. The first physical black
hole ever discovered was spotted in
1971.
A main sequence star more

than 10 times the mass of
the sun, will use up its fuel
and start fusing elements
up till iron, until it
cannot sustain the However the gravity
balance between can be so strong that it
gravity and can create an anomaly
radioactivity in physics.
Types of Black Holes
Stellar Black Holes Supermassive Black Holes Intermediate Black Holes
Black holes formed by the collapse of

individual stars are relatively small, but These enormous black holes are millions or
incredibly dense.
even billions of times as massive as the Scientists once thought that black holes
sun, but are about the same size in came in only small and large sizes,
diameter.
but recent research has revealed the
One of these objects packs more than possibility that midsize, or intermediate,
three times the mass of the sun into the black holes could exist.
diameter of a city.
Such black holes are thought to lie at the
center of almost every galaxy, including
the Milky Way.
Such bodies could form when stars in a
This leads to a crazy amount of cluster collide in a chain reaction.
gravitational force pulling on objects

around the object.
Once these giants have formed, they gather
mass from the dust and gas around them, Newer research, from 2018, suggested that
material that is plentiful in the center of these IMBHs may exist in the heart of dwarf
Stellar black holes then consume the dust galaxies, allowing them to grow to even galaxies
and gas from their surrounding galaxies, more enormous sizes.
which keeps them growing in size.
Observed Mass Ranges
There's a huge size gap between supermassive and stellar mass black holes, where by all
accounts there should be intermediate black holes—medium-sized, Goldilocks-approved
black holes that fit just right in between their smaller and larger cousins. The only problem
is that researchers haven’t observed them yet.
How does a Black Hole Die?
Through a physics mechanism known as Hawking radiation, it could eventually be worn down by subatomic particles.
All over the universe, pairs of subatomic particles are

popping into existence right next to each other.
One half of the pair is a particle, the other is an

antiparticle, and usually just after they spring into the
Universe, they smack into each other and vanish into
energy again.
If that happens near a black hole and one-half of that

pair is inside the black hole and one is outside the event
horizon and the one outside can get away from the
event horizon, it has stolen a little bit energy from the
black hole, and it can run oﬀ and take that energy away.
If that process keeps happening repeatedly without

more mass joining the black hole, eventually you can
radiate the whole thing away.
But for black holes it would take huge amounts of

time to even make a dent.
There hasn’t been enough time in the Universe yet for a black hole to die, even if you were to create one at the very
beginning of the Universe. It's going to take 10^54 years before the first black holes start dying
Some fun facts about black holes
If you fell into a black hole, theory has long suggested

Black holes don't suck. Suction is caused by pulling
that gravity would stretch you out like spaghetti,
something into a vacuum, which the massive black
though your death would come before you
hole definitely is not. Instead, objects fall into
reached the singularity.
them just as they fall toward anything
that exerts gravity, like the
Earth.
Astronomers
estimate that the Milky Way
has anywhere from 10 If a star passes
million to 1 billion stellar too close to a
black holes, with masses black hole, the star
roughly three times that of can be torn
the sun. apart.
Miniature black holes The first object considered

may have formed immediately to be a black hole is Cygnus X-1. Cygnus X-1 was the
after the Big Bang. Rapidly expanding subject of a 1974 friendly wager between Stephen
space may have squeezed some regions Hawking and fellow physicist Kip Thorne, with
into tiny, dense black holes less massive Hawking betting that the source was not a
than the sun. black hole. In 1990, Hawking conceded
defeat.

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The Birth of a Black Hole

This is called a black hole.

A main sequence star more

Stellar Black Holes Supermassive Black Holes Intermediate Black Holes

Black holes formed by the collapse of

gravitational force pulling on objects

All over the universe, pairs of subatomic particles are

One half of the pair is a particle, the other is an

If that happens near a black hole and one-half of that

If that process keeps happening repeatedly without

But for black holes it would take huge amounts of

If you fell into a black hole, theory has long suggested

Miniature black holes The first object considered

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