MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING, & TRANSPO.

ENGINEERING
NOVEMBER 2015

1. Factor x4 – y2 + y – x2 as possible.
A. (x2 – y) (x2 + y – 1) C. (x2 + y) (x2 – y – 1)
B. (x2 + y) (x2 + y – 1) D. (x2 – y) (x2 – y – 1)

Solution:
Given: x4 – y2 + y – x2
The factor of x4 – y2 is (x2 + y) (x2 – y)
Then; (x2 + y) (x2 – y) + y – x2
(x2 + y) (x2 – y) – (x2 – y)
(x2 – y) (x2 + y – 1)

2. Given the function f(x) = x3 – 2x2 + 5x – 8. Evaluate f(3).

A. 17 C. 16
B. 14 D. 15

Solution:
Given: f(x) = x3 – 2x2 + 5x – 8
f(3) = (3)3 – 2(3)2 + 5(3) – 8 = 16

3. An object is dropped from the top of a 256-m tower. The height of the object above the ground
after t seconds is modelled by the polynomial 256 – 16t2. Factor this expression completely.
A. 16(4 + t)(4 – t) C. (4 + t)(4 – t)
B. 4(4 + t)(4 – t) D. 16(4 – t)(4 – t)

Solution:

Given: 256 – 16t2

Factor: 16(16 – t2) = 16(4 + t)(4 – t)

2
4. Solve the inequality: (x - 6) greater than or equal to x – 1.
5
A. ∞, 7/3 C. - ∞, 5/3
B. - ∞, - 7/3 D. - ∞, - 5/3
Solution:
2
Given: (x - 6) ≥ x – 1
5

2x – 12 ≥ 5x – 5
3x ≤ -7
x ≤ -7/3 or - ∞, - 7/3

5. Given that f(x) = (x – 4) (x + 3) + 9, when f(x) is divided by (x – k) the remainder is k. Find the
positive value of k.
A. 4 C. 3
B. 5 D. 2

Solution:
Given: f(x) = (x – 4) (x + 3) + 9
When f(x) is divided by (x – k) the remainder is k

Remainder = f(k) = (k – 4)(k + 3) + 9 = k

k2 – k – 12 + 9 = k
k2 – 2k – 3 = 0
(k – 3)(k + 1) = 0
k = 3 & -1

3 4
6. If y = x3, find the value of y if √8 √2√8x = 2
A. 16 C. 4
B. 2 D. 8

Solution:
4
Given: √8 3√2√8x = 2

x=2

y = x3 y = (2)3 = 8
7. The amount of evaporation from the surface of a large body of water can be expressed by the
function E = w ÷ 20√a, where a is the surface area in square miles, w is the wind speed over the water
in mph, and E is the water evaporation in inches per day. Determine the evaporation on the lake with
water surface area of 9 square miles if the wind speed is 10 mph.
A. 1/2 C. 1/4
B. 1/9 D. 1/6

Solution:
Given: E = w ÷ 20√a
A = 9 mi2 & w = 10 mph

E = 10 ÷ 20√9 = 1/6

8. Pairs of markings a set distance apart are made on highways so that police can detect drivers
exceeding speed limit. Over a fixed distance the speed V varies inversely with the time T. In one
particular pair markings, V is 48 kph when T is 6 seconds. Find the speed of a car that travels the
given distance in 4 seconds.
A. 72 kph C. 68 kph
B. 76 kph D. 32 kph

Solution:
Given: Speed V varies inversely with time T.
V = 48 kph when T = 6 sec

k
V= or VT = constant
T

V1T1 = V2T2 48 × 6 = V2 × 4
V2 = 72 kph

9. An auditorium has 54 seats in the first row, 58 seats in the second row, 62 seats in the third row,
and so on. Find the general term of this arithmetic sequence.
A. an = 50 + n C. an = 54 + n
B. an = 54 + 4n D. an = 50 + 4n
Solution:
Given: First term, a1 = 54
Common difference, d = 58 – 54 = 4

an = a1 + (n – 1)d an = 54 + (n – 1)4
an = 50 + 4n

10. A man “A” set out from a certain point and travelled at the rate of 6 kph. After “A” had gone two
hours, another man “B” set out to overtake “A” and went 4 km the first hour, 5 km the second hour, 6
km the third hour and so on gaining 1 km every hour. How many hours after “B” left will they be
together?
A. 8 C. 7
B. 10 D. 9

Solution:
Given: Rate of A = 6 km every hour
Rate of B = 4 km for the first hour and gaining 1 km every hour
B left 2 hours after A

At any time “n” after B left:

Distance travelled by A, SA = 6(n + 2)
Distance travelled by B:
SB = 4 + 5 + 6 + …. sum of AP with a1 = 4 and d = 1
n
SB = 2 [2a1 + (n – 1)d]
n n
SB = 2 [2(4) + (n – 1)(1)] = 2 (7 + n)

n
S A = SB 6(n + 2) = 2 (7 + n)

n = 8 & -3

11. If the sum of the first 13 terms of two arithmetic progressions are in the ratio 8/3 what is the
ratio of their corresponding seventh terms?
A. 5/3 C. 8/3
B. 10/3 D. 7/3
Solution:
In an A.P. of 13 terms, the 7th term is the middle term. The sum any A.P. is always twice the middle
term.

S13 of AP1 2A A
Thus; S13 of ap2
= 2a 7 = a 7
7 7

Thus, the ratio of their corresponding middle terms equals the ratio of their sum.

12. The population size of the bacterial culture growing under controlled conditions is doubling each
day. Predict how large the culture will be at the beginning of day 7 if it measures 10 units at the
beginning of day 1.
A. 540 C. 640
B. 580 D. 680

Solution:
Given: Population at the beginning of day 1 (t = 0), Po = 10
The population doubles every day

Population growth, P = Po ert

The population doubles every day

P = Po ert 2Po = Po er(1)
er = 2
P = Po 2t

The population at the beginning of day 7 (t = 6)

P = 10 × 26 = 640

13. The population of a community of lemmings is defined by P = Po e0.15t, where t is the time in months
and Po is the initial population. Estimate their population after 8 months if there were 5000 lemmings
initially.
A. 16,200 C. 16,800
B. 16,600 D. 16,100
Solution:
Given: P = Po e0.15t
Po = 5,000

In 8 months, P = 5000 e0.15(8)

P = 16,600

14. China, USA, and Europe are the countries with the most number of cellular subscribers in the
world. Together, they contribute 34.8% of the total world – cellular subscribers. If China is 3.1% less
than 4 times the percentage of the world subscribers in Europe and the percent of the world
subscribers in USA is 4.3% more than the percent of the world subscribers in Europe, find the percent
of world subscribers in China.
A. 5.6% C. 19.3%
B. 15.4% D. 9.9%

Solution:
Let c, u, and e be the percentage of cellular subscriber to the world population of China, USA, and
Europe, respectively.

Together, they contribute 34.8% of the total subscribers:

c + u + e = 0.348 → Eq. (1)
China is 3.1% less than 4 times the percentage of the world subscriber in Europe:
c = 4e – 0.031 → Eq. (2)
USA is 4.3% more than the percent of the world subscribers in Europe:
u = e + 0.043 → Eq. (3)
Solving: c = 19.3%; u = 9.9%; e = 5.6%

15. Mary can clean a house in 4 hours and her brother John can do it in 7 hours. They agreed to clean
the house together before their mother arrives in 3 hours. How long will it take them to clean the
house?
A. 2-2/9 hours C. 2-6/13 hours
B. 2-3/8 hours D. 2-6/11 hours

Solution:
Given: Mary can do the job in 4 hours
 John can do the same job in 7 hours
Let t = time required to do the job working together
1 1
4
t+7t= 1; t = 2 – 6/11 hours

16. If Ana was four times as old as Billy eight years ago, and if Ana will be twice as old as Billy eight
years hence, how old is Billy now?
A. 32 C. 16
B. 24 D. 40

Solution:
Given: Ana was four times as old as Billy 8 years ago:
A – 8 = 4(B – 8)
Ana will be twice as old as Billy eight years hence:
A + 8 = 2(B + 8)
Solving: A = 40 & B = 16

17. Albert can walk 4 km with the same time as Bernard can walk 5 km. Albert takes 3 minutes
more than it takes Bernard to walk a kilometer. What is the rate of Albert in kph?
A. 3 C. 4
B. 6 D. 5

Solution:
Let vA and vB be the rates of Albert and Bernard, respectively.
Albert can walk 4 km with the same time as Bernard can walk 5 km
4 5
vA
=v; vB = 1.25vA
B

Albert takes 3 minutes more than it takes Bernard to walk a kilometer

1 1 3
vA
= v + 60
B

1 1 3
vA
= 1.25v + 60
A

vA = 4 kph & vB = 5 kph

18. The length of a rectangular garden is 9 m longer than its width. If the area of the garden is 736
square m, find its length.
A. 28 m C. 23 m
B. 36 m D. 32 m

Solution:
Given: Area, A = 736 m2

Let x = width of the garden

Length = x + 9

A = x(x + 9) = 736
x = 23 m
width = 23 + 9 = 32 m

19. An architect is allowed no more than 15 square meters to add a small bedroom to a house.
Because of the room’s design in relationship to the existing structure, the width of its rectangular
floor must be 7 meters less than two times the length. Find the precise length and width of the
rectangular floor of maximum area that the architect is permitted.
A. 5 m × 3 m C. 4 m × 3.75 m
B. 7.5m × 2 m D. 6 m × 2.5 m

Solution:
Given: Area, A = 15 m2
Width, w = 2 × (Length, L) – 7
Width = 2L – 7

A=w×L
15 = (2L – 7)(L)
L = 5 m and w = 3 m
20. You just purchased a rectangular waterfront lot along a river’s edge. The perimeter of the lot is
100 m. To create a sense of privacy, you decide to fence along the three sides, excluding the long side
that fronts the river. An expensive fencing along the lot’s front length opposite to the river front costs
P2500 per m. An inexpensive fencing along the two shorter side width costs only P500 per foot. The
total cost of the fencing along the three sides comes to P95,000. What are the lot’s dimensions?
A. 40 m × 10 m C. 25 m × 25 m
B. 35 m × 15 m D. 30 m × 20 m

Solution:
Given: Perimeter = 100 m
Cost of Fencing per meter:
Along side “x” = P2500
Along side “y” = P500
Total fencing cost = P95,000

2x + 2y = 100
y = 50 – x → Eq. (1)

Cost = 2500x + 500(2y) = 95,000

2500x + 1000(50 – x) = 95,000
x = 30 m & y = 20 m

NOVEMBER 2016

9. In a certain town, 90% of the residents drink coffee, 80% drink tea, 70% drink whiskey, and 60%
drink gin. No one drinks all four. What percent of the residents drink liquor?
A. 70% C. 80%
B. 90% D. 100%

Solution:
10% don’t drink coffee, 20% don’t drink tea, 30% don’t drink whiskey, and 40% don’t drink gin.
There are four “non-drink” groups. Their total percentage is exactly 100% (10% + 20% + 30% +
40%). This means that there is no overlap in these groups, i.e. no non-coffee drinker is also non-gin
drinker, and so on. Hence, every resident drink three of the four beverages.
And because there are two alcoholic and two non-alcoholic beverages, therefore each person drinks
at least one alcoholic beverage, or 100% of the resident drink liquor.

19. How many ways can a student choose four Structural books and 3 Hydraulics books if there are
nine Structural books and five Hydraulics books?
A. 2520 C. 3780
B. 1260 D. 630

Solution:
Given: 5 Hydraulics books
9 Structural books

No. of ways of choosing 4 Structural and 3 Hydraulics Books:

N = C(9,4) × C(5,3)
N = 1260

MAY 2017

10. You and a friend spot a loose P200 bill simultaneously and agree to an auction in which you write
your bids and compare them. High bidder gets the P200 and pays you the amount of the higher bid.
Tie bidders split the P200. How much do you bid?
A. P150 C. P99.99
B. P200 D. P120

Solution:
If you bid P200 and win, you get the P200 and pay the other P200, so you’ll get nothing.
If you bid P150 and win, you get the P200 and pay the other P150, so you’ll get P50.
If you bid P120 and win, you get the P200 and pay the other P120, so you’ll get P80.
If you bid P99.99 and win, you get the P200 and pay the other P99.99, so you’ll get P100.01.
Thus, the best bid is P99.99.
NOVEMBER 2017

10. Dr. Irving Weiman, who is always in a hurry, walks up an upgoing escalator at the rate of one
step per second. Twenty steps bring him to the top. Next day he goes up at two steps per second,
reaching the top in 32 steps. How many steps are there in the escalator?
A. 50 C. 40
B. 80 D. 60

Solution:
Let N be the number of steps
Let r be the rate of the elevator in steps per second

First condition:
Man’s rate = 1 step per second
Number of steps to reach the top = 20
Time to reach the top = 20/1 = 20 sec
Then;
20 + 20r = N → Eq. (1)

Second condition:
Man’s rate = 2 step per second
Number of steps to reach the top = 32
Time to reach the top = 32/2 = 16 sec
Then;
32 + 16r = N → Eq. (2)

N=N 20 + 20r = 32 + 16r

r = 3 steps per second
Thus, N = 20 + 20(3) = 80 steps
MAY 2018

1. Given the half-life T of radium is 1690 years, how much will remain of 10 grams of radium after
500 years?
A. 6.814 grams C. 4.816 grams
B. 8.614 grams D. 8.146 grams

Solution:
The rate of decay is an exponential function with time given by A = Ao ekt, where Ao is the initial
quantity and A is the quantity after time t.
When t = 1690, A = 0.5 Ao
0.5 Ao = Ao ek(1690)
k = -0.0004101463
When Ao = 10 grams and t = 500:
A = 10 × e(-0.0004101463)(500)
A = 8.1459 grams

HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

NOVEMBER 2015

1. What is the unit weight of dry air at standard temperature and pressure?
A. 10.6 N/m3 C. 11.3 N/m3
B. 15.3 N/m3 D. 12.5 N/m3

Solution:
At standard temperature and pressure (0°C and 100 kPa), dry air has a density of. At 20°C and
101.325 kPa, dry air has a density of 1.2041 kg/m3.
1.2754 kg/m3 × g = 12.51 N/m3

2. How many meters of water is equivalent to 2.55 atmospheres?

A. 23.24 m C. 26.34 m
B. 27.37 m D. 25.14 m
Solution:
1 atmosphere = 101.325 kPa
p 2.55 × 101.325
Equivalent height of water, hw = = = 26.34 m
γw 9.81

3. The absolute pressure of air in a water condenser is 40 kPaa. What is the gage pressure 1.5 m
below the water surface?
A. 54.72 kPa C. 156.04 kPa
B. -46.61 kPa D. -63.89 kPa

Solution:
Given: Air pressure, pabs = 40 kPaa
depth, h = 1.5 m
Unit weight, γw = 9.81 kN/m3 (water)
Atmospheric pressure, patm = 101.325 kPa

The absolute pressure at 1.5 m below the surface is:

p1.5 = 40 + 9.81(1.5) = 54.715 kPaa

The gage pressure is, p = 54.715 – 101.325 = -46.61 kPa

18. A concrete cube (γ = 23.5 kN/m3) 0.60 m on an edge in submerged in 5 0 of sea water (SG = 1.03).
Calculate the force to lift the cube if there is no seepage pressure at the bottom of the cube,
A. 23.3 kN C. 27.7 kN
B. 26.9 kN D. 28.5 kN

Solution:
Given: h=5m
a = 0.60 m
γc = 23.5 kN/m3
γsw = 9.81 × 1.03 = 10.1043 kN/m3

Since there is no seepage at the bottom, there will be no buoyant force. The force F may be taken as
the sum of the weight of concrete and of water above the block.
 F = W c + Ww
F = γc Vc + γsw Vsw
F = 23.5(0.6)3 + 10.1043(0.6)2(5)
F = 23.26 kN
OR F = pressure at block bottom × area = (γc × a + γsw × h) × a2
F = [23.5(0.6) + 10.1043(5)](0.6)2 = 23.26 kN

MAY 2016

1. Determine the pressure in a vessel of mercury at a point 250 mm below the liquid surface,
expressing the answer in kPa absolute.
A. 107 C. 56.8
B. 33.4 D. 135

Solution:
Given: Depth of point, h = 0.25 m

Constants:
Unit weight of mercury, γm = γw × sg = 9.81 × 13.6 = 133.416 kN/m3
Standard atmospheric pressure, patm = 101.325 kPa

pabs = pgage + patm pabs = (133.416 × 0.25) + 101.325

pabs = 134.68 kPa

10. A barge, weighing 350 kN when empty, is 6 m wide, 15 m long, and 3 m high. Floating upright,
evaluate the draft of the barge, in meters, when transporting 3000 bags of cement along a river, each
bag having a mass of 40 kg. Assume the specific gravity of the water in the river to be 1.03.
A. 1.68 C. 1.24
B. 1.52 D. 1.95
Solution:
Given: B=6m
L = 15 m
H=3m
Wb = 350 kN
sgsw = 1.03

Load: 3000 bags @ 40 kg/bag

Weight of cement: Wc = M × g = (40 × 3000)(9.81) = 1,177,200 N

Wc = 1,177.2 kN

BF = Wc + Wb γsw VD = Wb + Wc
(9.81 × 1.03)(15 × 6 × d) = 350 + 1,177.2
d = 1.679 m

NOVEMBER 2016

1. At what temperature (°C) at which liquid water has the highest density?
A. 0 C. 100
B. 32 D. 4

Solution:
The temperature of maximum density is 3.98°C (or 39.16°F) when the density of “air free” water is
1.00 g/cm3. It is less dense at both colder and warmer temperatures.

2. The pressure exerted onto a liquid is transmitted equally and undiminished to all portions of the
liquid. This principle in fluid mechanics is known as:
A. Archimedes C. Pascals
B. Bernoulli D. Boyles
3. In any stream flowing steadily without friction the total energy contained is the same at every point
in its path of flow. This principle is attributed to:
A. Archimedes C. Pascals
B. Boyles D. Bernoulli

4. For the value of the atmospheric pressure at sea level used in engineering practice, evaluate about
how high, in meters, is the atmosphere above sea level?
A. 10,000 m C. 8,500 m
B. 9,500 m D. 7,500 m

Solution:
Atmospheric pressure at sea level, patm = 101.325 kPa
Unit weight of air (at sea level and at 15°C), γair = 12 N/m3

patm 101.325 ×1000

Height = γair
= 12
= 8,444 m

5. Obtain the gage pressure in a vessel of mercury at a point 500 mm below the liquid surface,
expressing the answer in kPa.
A. 67.6 C. 76.6
B. 68.2 D. 66.7

Solution:
Pressure, p = γm hm p = (9.81 × 13.6)(0.5)
p = 66.71 kPa

6. An open tank contains 5 m deep of liquid having unit weight of 7 kN/m3. Water is poured over the
liquid until the total depth of the two liquids is 8 m. Evaluate the gage pressure at the bottom of the
tank in kPa.
A. 70 C. 78.5
B. 48 D. 64.4
Solution:
Given: h1 = 5 m
γ1 = 7 kN/m3
H=8m

h2 = 3 m
γw = 9.81 kN/m3

pbot = γ1 h1 + γw h2 pbot = 7(5) + 9.81(3)

pbot = 64.43 kPa

13. An irregularly shaped object weighs 300 N in air and 230 N in water. What is the volume of the
object in cubic meter?
A. 0.0024 C. 0.0071
B. 0.0058 D. 0.0035

Solution:
Given: Weight in air, W = 300 N
Weight in water (effective weight), We = 230 N

Buoyant force, BF = W – We = 70 N
BF = γw V 70 = 9810 V
V = 0.00714 m3

14. A cubical block 0.3 m on each side has a specific gravity of 2.35. What downward force (in N) is
required to keep the block in equilibrium if it is completely submerged in a liquid whose specific
gravity is 4.7?
A. 521 C. 758
B. 864 D. 623
Solution:
Given: Block dimension = 0.3 m × 0.3 m × 0.3 m
Sp. gr. of block, sqB = 2.35
Sp. gr. of liquid, sqL = 4.7

∑FV = 0
F + W = BF
BF – W = F
γL VB – γB V B = F

F = (γL – γB)VB ← Formula

F = γw(sgL – sgB) VB
F = 9.81(4.7 – 2.35)(0.3)3
F = 0.6224 kN = 622.4 N

MAY 2017

1. A container contains a certain liquid with unit weight 7 kN/m 3 to a depth of 4 m. Water is poured
into the container and the total depth of the liquid is now 6 m. What is the gage pressure at the
interface of the two liquids?
A. 28 kPa C. 47.62 kPa
B. 19.62 kPa D. 21 kPa

Solution:
Since water is denser than the given liquid, it will stay at the bottom.

pint = γA(4)
pint = (7)(4)
pint = 28 kPa
2. A barometer at the top of the mountain 400 m above sea level reads 700 mm of mercury (sg =
13.6). What is the atmospheric pressure at the point in kPa?
A. 93.4 C. 95.7
B. 85.4 D. 101.3

Solution:
Given: Barometric (atmospheric) reading, hm = 700 mm Hg

Atmospheric pressure, patm = γm hm = (9.81 × 13.6)(0.7)

Atmospheric pressure, patm = 93.39 kPa

3. A tank in an elevator with water at a depth of 0.40 m is accelerated at 2 m/s2. What is the pressure
at the bottom of the tank if the elevator moves downward?
A. 3.57 kPa C. 4.36 kPa
B. 5.78 kPa D. 3.12 kPa

Solution:
Given: Depth of water, h = 0.4 m
Downward acceleration, a = 2 m/s2

Pressure at tank bottom, p = γw h (1 – a/g)

Pressure at tank bottom, p = 9.81(0.4)(1 – 2/9.81)
Pressure at tank bottom, p = 3.124 kPa

10. A cube has a side of 600 mm. What force is required to completely submerge the cube in water if
its specific gravity is 0.80?
A. 653 N C. 424 N
B. 1824 N D. 3814 N

Solution:
Given: Cube dimension = 0.6 m × 0.6 m × 0.6 m
Specific gravity of cube = 0.80
 Force to completely submerge the cube in water:
F = (γw – γcube) Vcube
F = [9.81 – 9.81(0.8)](0.63)
F = 0.424 kN = 424 kN

NOVEMBER 2017

2. A container is filled with 3 m of kerosene having unit weight of 9 kN/m 3 and 7 m of water. Obtain
the gage pressure at the interface of the two liquids.
A. 27 kPa C. 68.67 kPa
B. 95.67 kPa D. 57 kPa

Solution:
Given: h1 = 3 m h2 = 7 m
γ1 = 9 kN/m3 γ2 = 9.81 kN/m3

Pressure at the interface:

pint = γ1 h1
pint = 9(3)
pint = 27 kPa

Pressure at the bottom:

pbot = γ1 h1 + γw h2
pbot = 9(3) + 9.81(7) = 95.67 kPa

MAY 2018

1. If air had a constant unit weight of 12 N/m3, what is the decrease in pressure (kPa) of an aircraft
climbing at an altitude of 3 km?
A. 32 C. 36
B. 48 D. 24

Solution:
Unit weight of air, γair = 12 N/m3
 Change in altitude, Δh = 3 km = 3,000 m

Change in pressure, Δp = - γair Δh

Change in pressure, Δp = -12(3,000) = 36,000 Pa
Change in pressure, Δp = -36 kPa

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION

MAY 2015

1. The material composition is the same but its mechanical properties are different in every
direction.
A. isotropic material C. homogeneous material
B. orthotropic material D. elastic material

2. Refers to the tendency of solid materials to return to their original shape after being forces are
applied on them. When the forces are removed, the object will return to its initial shape size.
A. buckling C. strain hardening
B. yielding D. elasticity

3. Refers to the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically.

A. strain hardening C. yielding
B. buckling D. rapture

NOVEMBER 2015

1. A 10-m long beam is simply supported at the left end and at 2 m from the right end. The beam is
subjected to a uniform moving load. What is the maximum length of the moving load to cause
maximum reaction at the right support?
A. 10 m C. 6 m
B. 8 m D. 4 m

Solution:
The reaction at B is maximum when the moving uniform load acts on the entire span of 10 meters.
MAY 2016

1. The ability of the material to absorb energy in the plastic range.

A. elasticity C. stiffness
B. plasticity D. toughness

2. The ability of the material to absorb energy in the elastic range.

A. resilience C. stiffness
B. plasticity D. toughness

3. The term which refers to the ability of a material to deform in the plastic range without breaking.
A. resilience C. ductility
B. elongation D. stiffness

4. It is the point through which the resultant of the resistance to the applied lateral force acts.
A. shear wall C. eccentricity
B. center of mass D. center of rigidity

5. The point on a structure where the resultant vertical force acts.

A. shear wall C. eccentricity
B. center of mass D. center of rigidity

6. The distance between the center of mass and center of rigidity.

A. shear wall C. eccentricity
B. center of mass D. center of rigidity

NOVEMBER 2016

2. Which of the following refers to the flexibility of a structural system?

A. composite stiffness C. rigidity
B. inverse of stiffness D. static flexibility

3. A load of 8,000 kg elongates a 1-meter long square rod by 1 mm. What is the measure of the side
of the rod? Modulus of elasticity of steel is 2 × 106 kg/cm2.
A. 2 cm C. 2.5 cm
B. 3 cm D. 1.5 cm
Solution:
Given: Load, P = 8,000 kg
Length of rod = 1 m = 100 cm
Elongation, δ = 1 mm = 0.1 cm
Modulus of elasticity, E = 2 × 106 kg/cm2

Let “a” be the measure of the side of the square rod, in cm

PL 8,000(100)
δ= AE
0.1= a2 (2 × 106 )

a = 2 cm

7. The stress point where a material will have appreciable deform when small amount of stress is
experienced.
A. breaking C. strain hardening
B. yielding D. fracture

8. The ability of the material to deform in plastic range without breaking.

A. yielding C. elasticity
B. ductility D. toughness

9. The greatest stress that can be applied to an elastic body without causing permanent
deformation.
A. proportional limit C. elastic limit
B. rapture strength D. yield point