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3 Phase Rectifier

A three phase rectifier circuit converts alternating current (AC) from a three phase source into direct current (DC) to power loads like DC motors, welding equipment, and power stations. It uses two 100μH inductors, four 470μF capacitors, and a 20L6P45 diode. The rectifier's output passes through a pi filter to reduce ripples. A pi filter provides high output voltage, low ripple factor, and high peak inverse voltage. However, it has poor voltage regulation under varying loads. In the project, a three phase BLDC motor running in regenerative mode outputs 36V AC that the rectifier converts to 50.9V DC to charge a battery.

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642 views4 pages

3 Phase Rectifier

A three phase rectifier circuit converts alternating current (AC) from a three phase source into direct current (DC) to power loads like DC motors, welding equipment, and power stations. It uses two 100μH inductors, four 470μF capacitors, and a 20L6P45 diode. The rectifier's output passes through a pi filter to reduce ripples. A pi filter provides high output voltage, low ripple factor, and high peak inverse voltage. However, it has poor voltage regulation under varying loads. In the project, a three phase BLDC motor running in regenerative mode outputs 36V AC that the rectifier converts to 50.9V DC to charge a battery.

Uploaded by

syedshery
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3 Phase Rectifier:

Explanation:
Rectifier has only a sole purpose to convert AC (~) to DC (-).industrial DC applications. This
circuit has basically 3 phase inputs and a single DC output. Most of the industrial power supplies
such as DC motor drives, welding units, power stations, grids etc are used these kinds of
rectification unit. In our project we are using a BLDC motor, a BLDC motor has a three phase
input which is coming from controller. When we accelerate the motor using the controller’s
throttle the motor will be in motoring mode, when we leave the throttle and throttle comes to its
original position the motor will be in regenerative mode and in order to recover the lost energy
from motor in this mode the motor will give a three phase voltage which we have to store in
battery. The incoming AC voltage should be converted to DC by using a three phase rectifier. In
a three phase rectifier we have used two inductors of 100µH, four capacitors of 470µF and
20L6P45.

Working:
In a three phase system there are three conductors wires R,Y,B carrying three alternating
currents which have same peak magnitude but with phase shift of 120º from conductor R. The
frequency of the current in each wire will be the same but they are separated by a fixed amount
of time. The output has a pie type filter which has following advantages and disadvantages.:

Advantages of Pi filter (π- filter)

1. High Output Voltage: If you are dealing with the application which requires high output
voltage after filtering, then this is the filter you should use. Pi filter’s significance is that
it offers low voltage drop across choke coil and capacitor C2 in order to main high output
voltage across its output terminals.
2. Low Ripple factor: Due to the involvement of 2 capacitors in addition with one inductor
it provides improved filtering action. This leads to decrement in ripple factor. A low
ripple factor means the ratio of current due to AC ripples and direct Current is low. Thus,
a low ripples factor signifies regulated and ripple free DC voltage.
3. High PIV: The peak inverse voltage in the case of Pi filters is more in comparison to L-
section filter.

Disadvantage of Pi filter (π- filter)

Poor Voltage Regulation: We have discussed above that the output voltage varies with the load
current. Thus, this capacitor is not suitable for varying loads. In an application where load
current varies, pi filters are not suitable. Thus, in such application, we can use L-section filters as
its output voltage do not vary largely with load current.
The rectifier’s output is applied across the input terminals of the filter like 1 & 2. The filtering
act of these three components in the filter circuit is discussed below.

The first filter capacitor (C1) provides small reactance toward A.C component of rectifier o/p
output as it gives unlimited reactance toward the D.C component. So, capacitor C1 avoids a
considerable amount of A.C component whereas the D.C component maintains its journey
toward the choke ‘L’. The choke (L) provides approximately zero reactance to the D.C.
component and high reactance to the A.C component. Therefore, it permits the D.C component
to supply through it, whereas the unbiased A.C component can be blocked. The second filter
capacitor (C2) avoids the A.C the component which the choke has unsuccessful to block. Thus,
simply D.C component shows across the load.

In our project the BLDC motor is of 36 V and 9A , in regenerative mode it give 36V at no load
which gradually decreases , the input maximum voltage is 36V which is fed to rectifier and the
output voltage according to formula of Vrms = Vp-p / √2 is 50.9 volts. By putting Vrms = 36V
we get 50.9 Vp-p theoretically as well as practically.

Circuit:
Input waveform:

Electrical characteristics of 20L6P45:

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