LAB 04
Summary
Items Description
Course Title Computer Architecture
Lab Title Input /output single and multi-digit numbers in Assembly
Duration 3 Hours
Operating System Emu8086
/Tool/Language
Objective Practice how to Input, Output single and multi-digit number.
Input/ Output Single and Multi-digit Number
Objective
• To learn about signed and unsigned numbers
• Practice how to Input, Output single and multi-digit number.
• Addition and subtraction of numbers
Theory
Character storage
• Computer stores binary numbers, so how character ‘A’ and ‘$’ are stored.
• Computer uses character encoding scheme that translate numbers into letters.
• Well-known scheme is ASCII (American Standard code for Information Interchange)
• ASCII is 7-bit code with range 0 to 127.
Signed Numbers
• Signed byte uses only 7-bits for its magnitude.
• Highest bit is reserved for the sign, where 0 indicates positive and 1 indicates negative.
Example:
11110110 = -10
00001010 = + 10
Two’s Complement Notation
• Negative numbers use Two’s complement representation.
• Removes the need for separate digital circuits to handle both addition and subtraction.
Example:
A – B = A + (-B)
To find Twos complement, toggle all bits and add 1.
00000001 = + 1
11111110 (toggle all bits)
+ 1 (add 1)
--------------------
11111111 = - 1
Example:
00001010 = + 10
11110101 (toggle all bits)
+ 1 (add 1)
-------------------
11110110 = - 10
Activity 4.1:
Show the working of following instruction by taking the two’s complement
• 9–6 + =
• 146 – 9 + =
• 5008 – 5007 _ + =
Two’s Complement of Hexadecimal
• To form the two’s complement of a hexadecimal integer, reverse all bits and add 1
• Easy way to reverse the bits of a hexadecimal digit is to subtract the digit from
15. Example:
6A3D ➔ 95C2 + 1 ➔ 95C3
Activity 4.2:
8C35 --> +1=
AF10 --> +1 =
BCAF – ABCAC =--> + =
AF16 – F8 = -> + =
Activity 4.3: Addition of two single digits numbers
org 100h
.data
Num1 db 0
Num2 db 0
msgNum1 db "Enter the 1st No: $"
msgNum2 db 10,13,"Enter the 2nd No:
$" msgAns db 10,13,"The answer is:
$"
.code
;========================================
main proc
mov ax, @data
mov ds, ax
mov dx,offset msgNum1
mov ah, 09h
int 21h
mov ah, 1 ; accept 1 char from keyboard
int 21h
sub al,30h ; convert to number
mov Num1,al
;=======================================
mov ax, @data
mov ds, ax
mov dx,offset msgNum2
mov ah, 09h
int 21h
mov ah, 1 ;accept 1 char from keyboard
int 21h
sub al,30h ;convert to number
mov Num2,al
;++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
;ADD Num1,Num2 is illegal
mov bh, Num1
add bh, Num2
add bh, 30h ;convert back to ASCII equiv
mov ax, @data
mov ds, ax
mov dx,offset msgAns ;some message
mov ah, 09h
int 21h
mov dl,bh
mov ah,2 ;print answer
int 21h
mov ah,00h ;pause.... resume when press any key
int 16h
main endp
ret
Activity 4.4: Addition of two multi-digits numbers
include emu8086.inc ;include library
.data num1
dw 0
num2 dw 0
; get the multi-digit signed number from the keyboard, and store the
; result in cx register:
call scan_num ; Get first number
mov num1, cx ; store first number:
call scan_num ; Get second number
mov num2, cx ; store second number:
mov ax, num1 ; Cannot add two memory variables
add ax, num2 ; add num2 in ax and store result in ax
call print_num ; print ax value.
DEFINE_PRINT_NUM ; used by print_num
proc DEFINE_PRINT_NUM_UNS ; used by
print_num proc DEFINE_SCAN_NUM ; used by
scan_num proc END
LAB TASKS
Task # 01
A. Complete the blanks in Activities 4.1 and 4.2
B. Run the sample programs in activity 4.3 and 4.4 and understand / observe the output
TASK#02
Write a program which solve the following
equation Z=A-B+C
Where A, B, C are the inputs (single digit numeric value from 0 to 5) and Z is output
Sample Output:
Enter value of A? 5
Enter value of B? 4
Enter value of C? 3
Value of Z is 4
TASK # 03
Write a program that reads five unsigned integers from user and display sum of those five integers on
the screen.
Sample Output:
Enter 1st value?
10 Enter 2nd
value? 11
Enter 3rd value? 5 Enter 4th value? 6
Enter 5th value? 8 Enter 6th value? 9
Sum of all numbers is 49
TASK # 04
Create an assembly program which take a single digit character (1 to 6 )as input from user your program
should display the next two consecutive positive integers and previous one integer.
Sample output:
Enter a numeric character between 1 – 6 ??? 3
integer - > previous= 2
integer -> next = 4
integer - > next - > next = 5
TASK # 05
Create a program which take two numbers from the user, your program should swap the values of
both the numbers and display on the screen.
note : you cannot use any extra variable in .data portion
Sample Output:
Enter var1 value: 15
Enter var2 value: 13
After swapping
value of var1 is 13
value of var2 is 15
