Copyright (C) 2007 Jan-Klaas Kollhof

# Copyright (C) 2011-2015 The python-bitcoinlib developers

#
# This file is part of python-bitcoinlib.
#
# It is subject to the license terms in the LICENSE file found in the top-level
# directory of this distribution.
#
# No part of python-bitcoinlib, including this file, may be copied, modified,
# propagated, or distributed except according to the terms contained in the
# LICENSE file.

"""Bitcoin Core RPC support

By default this uses the standard library ``json`` module. By monkey patching,
a different implementation can be used instead, at your own risk:
>>> import simplejson
>>> import bitcoin.rpc
>>> bitcoin.rpc.json = simplejson
(``simplejson`` is the externally maintained version of the same module and
thus better optimized but perhaps less stable.)
"""

from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals

import ssl

try:
import http.client as httplib
except ImportError:
import httplib
import base64
import binascii
import decimal
import json
import os
import platform
import sys
try:
import urllib.parse as urlparse
except ImportError:
import urlparse

import bitcoin
from bitcoin.core import COIN, x, lx, b2lx, CBlock, CBlockHeader, CTransaction,
COutPoint, CTxOut
from bitcoin.core.script import CScript
from bitcoin.wallet import CBitcoinAddress, CBitcoinSecret

DEFAULT_USER_AGENT = "AuthServiceProxy/0.1"

DEFAULT_HTTP_TIMEOUT = 30

# (un)hexlify to/from unicode, needed for Python3

unhexlify = binascii.unhexlify
hexlify = binascii.hexlify
if sys.version > '3':
unhexlify = lambda h: binascii.unhexlify(h.encode('utf8'))
hexlify = lambda b: binascii.hexlify(b).decode('utf8')
class JSONRPCError(Exception):
"""JSON-RPC protocol error base class
Subclasses of this class also exist for specific types of errors; the set
of all subclasses is by no means complete.
"""

SUBCLS_BY_CODE = {}

@classmethod
def _register_subcls(cls, subcls):
cls.SUBCLS_BY_CODE[subcls.RPC_ERROR_CODE] = subcls
return subcls

def __new__(cls, rpc_error):

assert cls is JSONRPCError
cls = JSONRPCError.SUBCLS_BY_CODE.get(rpc_error['code'], cls)

self = Exception.__new__(cls)

super(JSONRPCError, self).__init__(
'msg: %r code: %r' %
(rpc_error['message'], rpc_error['code']))
self.error = rpc_error

return self

@JSONRPCError._register_subcls
class ForbiddenBySafeModeError(JSONRPCError):
RPC_ERROR_CODE = -2

@JSONRPCError._register_subcls
class InvalidAddressOrKeyError(JSONRPCError):
RPC_ERROR_CODE = -5

@JSONRPCError._register_subcls
class InvalidParameterError(JSONRPCError):
RPC_ERROR_CODE = -8

@JSONRPCError._register_subcls
class VerifyError(JSONRPCError):
RPC_ERROR_CODE = -25

@JSONRPCError._register_subcls
class VerifyRejectedError(JSONRPCError):
RPC_ERROR_CODE = -26

@JSONRPCError._register_subcls
class VerifyAlreadyInChainError(JSONRPCError):
RPC_ERROR_CODE = -27

@JSONRPCError._register_subcls
class InWarmupError(JSONRPCError):
RPC_ERROR_CODE = -28

class BaseProxy(object):
"""Base JSON-RPC proxy class. Contains only private methods; do not use
directly."""
 def __init__(self,
service_url=None,
service_port=None,
btc_conf_file=None,
timeout=DEFAULT_HTTP_TIMEOUT):

# Create a dummy connection early on so if __init__() fails prior to

# __conn being created __del__() can detect the condition and handle it
# correctly.
self.__conn = None

if service_url is None:
# Figure out the path to the bitcoin.conf file
if btc_conf_file is None:
if platform.system() == 'Darwin':
btc_conf_file = os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Application
Support/Bitcoin/')
elif platform.system() == 'Windows':
btc_conf_file = os.path.join(os.environ['APPDATA'], 'Bitcoin')
else:
btc_conf_file = os.path.expanduser('~/.bitcoin')
btc_conf_file = os.path.join(btc_conf_file, 'bitcoin.conf')

# Extract contents of bitcoin.conf to build service_url

with open(btc_conf_file, 'r') as fd:
# Bitcoin Core accepts empty rpcuser, not specified in
btc_conf_file
conf = {'rpcuser': ""}
for line in fd.readlines():
if '#' in line:
line = line[:line.index('#')]
if '=' not in line:
continue
k, v = line.split('=', 1)
conf[k.strip()] = v.strip()

if service_port is None:
service_port = bitcoin.params.RPC_PORT
conf['rpcport'] = int(conf.get('rpcport', service_port))
conf['rpchost'] = conf.get('rpcconnect', 'localhost')

service_url = ('%s://%s:%d' %
('http', conf['rpchost'], conf['rpcport']))

cookie_dir = os.path.dirname(btc_conf_file)
if bitcoin.params.NAME != "mainnet":
cookie_dir = os.path.join(cookie_dir, bitcoin.params.NAME)
cookie_file = os.path.join(cookie_dir, ".cookie")
try:
with open(cookie_file, 'r') as fd:
authpair = fd.read()
except IOError as err:
if 'rpcpassword' in conf:
authpair = "%s:%s" % (conf['rpcuser'], conf['rpcpassword'])

else:
raise ValueError('Cookie file unusable (%s) and rpcpassword
not specified in the configuration file: %r' % (err, btc_conf_file))
 self.__service_url = service_url
self.__url = urlparse.urlparse(service_url)

if self.__url.scheme not in ('http',):

raise ValueError('Unsupported URL scheme %r' % self.__url.scheme)

if self.__url.port is None:
port = httplib.HTTP_PORT
else:
port = self.__url.port
self.__id_count = 0
authpair = authpair.encode('utf8')
self.__auth_header = b"Basic " + base64.b64encode(authpair)

self.__conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(self.__url.hostname, port=port,

timeout=timeout)

def _call(self, service_name, *args):

self.__id_count += 1

postdata = json.dumps({'version': '1.1',

'method': service_name,
'params': args,
'id': self.__id_count})
self.__conn.request('POST', self.__url.path, postdata,
{'Host': self.__url.hostname,
'User-Agent': DEFAULT_USER_AGENT,
'Authorization': self.__auth_header,
'Content-type': 'application/json'})

response = self._get_response()
if response['error'] is not None:
raise JSONRPCError(response['error'])
elif 'result' not in response:
raise JSONRPCError({
'code': -343, 'message': 'missing JSON-RPC result'})
else:
return response['result']

def _batch(self, rpc_call_list):

postdata = json.dumps(list(rpc_call_list))
self.__conn.request('POST', self.__url.path, postdata,
{'Host': self.__url.hostname,
'User-Agent': DEFAULT_USER_AGENT,
'Authorization': self.__auth_header,
'Content-type': 'application/json'})

return self._get_response()

def _get_response(self):
http_response = self.__conn.getresponse()
if http_response is None:
raise JSONRPCError({
'code': -342, 'message': 'missing HTTP response from server'})

return json.loads(http_response.read().decode('utf8'),
parse_float=decimal.Decimal)
 def __del__(self):
if self.__conn is not None:
self.__conn.close()

class RawProxy(BaseProxy):
"""Low-level proxy to a bitcoin JSON-RPC service
Unlike ``Proxy``, no conversion is done besides parsing JSON. As far as
Python is concerned, you can call any method; ``JSONRPCError`` will be
raised if the server does not recognize it.
"""
def __init__(self,
service_url=None,
service_port=None,
btc_conf_file=None,
timeout=DEFAULT_HTTP_TIMEOUT,
**kwargs):
super(RawProxy, self).__init__(service_url=service_url,
service_port=service_port,
btc_conf_file=btc_conf_file,
timeout=timeout,
**kwargs)

def __getattr__(self, name):

if name.startswith('__') and name.endswith('__'):
# Python internal stuff
raise AttributeError

# Create a callable to do the actual call

f = lambda *args: self._call(name, *args)

# Make debuggers show <function bitcoin.rpc.name> rather than <function

# bitcoin.rpc.<lambda>>
f.__name__ = name
return f

class Proxy(BaseProxy):
"""Proxy to a bitcoin RPC service
Unlike ``RawProxy``, data is passed as ``bitcoin.core`` objects or packed
bytes, rather than JSON or hex strings. Not all methods are implemented
yet; you can use ``call`` to access missing ones in a forward-compatible
way. Assumes Bitcoin Core version >= v0.13.0; older versions mostly work,
but there are a few incompatibilities.
"""

def __init__(self,
service_url=None,
service_port=None,
btc_conf_file=None,
timeout=DEFAULT_HTTP_TIMEOUT,
**kwargs):
"""Create a proxy object
If ``service_url`` is not specified, the username and password are read
out of the file ``btc_conf_file``. If ``btc_conf_file`` is not
specified, ``~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf`` or equivalent is used by
default. The default port is set according to the chain parameters in
use: mainnet, testnet, or regtest.
 Usually no arguments to ``Proxy()`` are needed; the local bitcoind will
be used.
``timeout`` - timeout in seconds before the HTTP interface times out
"""

super(Proxy, self).__init__(service_url=service_url,
service_port=service_port,
btc_conf_file=btc_conf_file,
timeout=timeout,
**kwargs)

def call(self, service_name, *args):

"""Call an RPC method by name and raw (JSON encodable) arguments"""
return self._call(service_name, *args)

def dumpprivkey(self, addr):

"""Return the private key matching an address
"""
r = self._call('dumpprivkey', str(addr))

return CBitcoinSecret(r)

def fundrawtransaction(self, tx, include_watching=False):

"""Add inputs to a transaction until it has enough in value to meet its out
value.
include_watching - Also select inputs which are watch only
Returns dict:
{'tx': Resulting tx,
'fee': Fee the resulting transaction pays,
'changepos': Position of added change output, or -1,
}
"""
hextx = hexlify(tx.serialize())
r = self._call('fundrawtransaction', hextx, include_watching)

r['tx'] = CTransaction.deserialize(unhexlify(r['hex']))
del r['hex']

r['fee'] = int(r['fee'] * COIN)

return r

def generate(self, numblocks):

"""Mine blocks immediately (before the RPC call returns)
numblocks - How many blocks are generated immediately.
Returns iterable of block hashes generated.
"""
r = self._call('generate', numblocks)
return (lx(blk_hash) for blk_hash in r)

def getaccountaddress(self, account=None):

"""Return the current Bitcoin address for receiving payments to this
account."""
r = self._call('getaccountaddress', account)
return CBitcoinAddress(r)

def getbalance(self, account='*', minconf=1, include_watchonly=False):

"""Get the balance
account - The selected account. Defaults to "*" for entire wallet. It
 may be the default account using "".
minconf - Only include transactions confirmed at least this many times.
(default=1)
include_watchonly - Also include balance in watch-only addresses (see
'importaddress')
(default=False)
"""
r = self._call('getbalance', account, minconf, include_watchonly)
return int(r*COIN)

def getbestblockhash(self):
"""Return hash of best (tip) block in longest block chain."""
return lx(self._call('getbestblockhash'))

def getblockheader(self, block_hash, verbose=False):

"""Get block header <block_hash>
verbose - If true a dict is returned with the values returned by
getblockheader that are not in the block header itself
(height, nextblockhash, etc.)
Raises IndexError if block_hash is not valid.
"""
try:
block_hash = b2lx(block_hash)
except TypeError:
raise TypeError('%s.getblockheader(): block_hash must be bytes; got %r
instance' %
(self.__class__.__name__, block_hash.__class__))
try:
r = self._call('getblockheader', block_hash, verbose)
except InvalidAddressOrKeyError as ex:
raise IndexError('%s.getblockheader(): %s (%d)' %
(self.__class__.__name__, ex.error['message'],
ex.error['code']))

if verbose:
nextblockhash = None
if 'nextblockhash' in r:
nextblockhash = lx(r['nextblockhash'])
return {'confirmations':r['confirmations'],
'height':r['height'],
'mediantime':r['mediantime'],
'nextblockhash':nextblockhash,
'chainwork':x(r['chainwork'])}
else:
return CBlockHeader.deserialize(unhexlify(r))

def getblock(self, block_hash):

"""Get block <block_hash>
Raises IndexError if block_hash is not valid.
"""
try:
block_hash = b2lx(block_hash)
except TypeError:
raise TypeError('%s.getblock(): block_hash must be bytes; got %r
instance' %
(self.__class__.__name__, block_hash.__class__))
try:
r = self._call('getblock', block_hash, False)
 except InvalidAddressOrKeyError as ex:
raise IndexError('%s.getblock(): %s (%d)' %
(self.__class__.__name__, ex.error['message'],
ex.error['code']))
return CBlock.deserialize(unhexlify(r))

def getblockcount(self):
"""Return the number of blocks in the longest block chain"""
return self._call('getblockcount')

def getblockhash(self, height):

"""Return hash of block in best-block-chain at height.
Raises IndexError if height is not valid.
"""
try:
return lx(self._call('getblockhash', height))
except InvalidParameterError as ex:
raise IndexError('%s.getblockhash(): %s (%d)' %
(self.__class__.__name__, ex.error['message'],
ex.error['code']))

def getinfo(self):
"""Return a JSON object containing various state info"""
r = self._call('getinfo')
if 'balance' in r:
r['balance'] = int(r['balance'] * COIN)
if 'paytxfee' in r:
r['paytxfee'] = int(r['paytxfee'] * COIN)
return r

def getmininginfo(self):
"""Return a JSON object containing mining-related information"""
return self._call('getmininginfo')

def getnewaddress(self, account=None):

"""Return a new Bitcoin address for receiving payments.
If account is not None, it is added to the address book so payments
received with the address will be credited to account.
"""
r = None
if account is not None:
r = self._call('getnewaddress', account)
else:
r = self._call('getnewaddress')

return CBitcoinAddress(r)

def getrawchangeaddress(self):
"""Returns a new Bitcoin address, for receiving change.
This is for use with raw transactions, NOT normal use.
"""
r = self._call('getrawchangeaddress')
return CBitcoinAddress(r)

def getrawmempool(self, verbose=False):

"""Return the mempool"""
if verbose:
return self._call('getrawmempool', verbose)
 else:
r = self._call('getrawmempool')
r = [lx(txid) for txid in r]
return r

def getrawtransaction(self, txid, verbose=False):

"""Return transaction with hash txid
Raises IndexError if transaction not found.
verbose - If true a dict is returned instead with additional
information on the transaction.
Note that if all txouts are spent and the transaction index is not
enabled the transaction may not be available.
"""
try:
r = self._call('getrawtransaction', b2lx(txid), 1 if verbose else 0)
except InvalidAddressOrKeyError as ex:
raise IndexError('%s.getrawtransaction(): %s (%d)' %
(self.__class__.__name__, ex.error['message'],
ex.error['code']))
if verbose:
r['tx'] = CTransaction.deserialize(unhexlify(r['hex']))
del r['hex']
del r['txid']
del r['version']
del r['locktime']
del r['vin']
del r['vout']
r['blockhash'] = lx(r['blockhash']) if 'blockhash' in r else None
else:
r = CTransaction.deserialize(unhexlify(r))

return r

def getreceivedbyaddress(self, addr, minconf=1):

"""Return total amount received by given a (wallet) address
Get the amount received by <address> in transactions with at least
[minconf] confirmations.
Works only for addresses in the local wallet; other addresses will
always show zero.
addr - The address. (CBitcoinAddress instance)
minconf - Only include transactions confirmed at least this many times.
(default=1)
"""
r = self._call('getreceivedbyaddress', str(addr), minconf)
return int(r * COIN)

def gettransaction(self, txid):

"""Get detailed information about in-wallet transaction txid
Raises IndexError if transaction not found in the wallet.
FIXME: Returned data types are not yet converted.
"""
try:
r = self._call('gettransaction', b2lx(txid))
except InvalidAddressOrKeyError as ex:
raise IndexError('%s.getrawtransaction(): %s (%d)' %
(self.__class__.__name__, ex.error['message'],
ex.error['code']))
return r
 def gettxout(self, outpoint, includemempool=True):
"""Return details about an unspent transaction output.
Raises IndexError if outpoint is not found or was spent.
includemempool - Include mempool txouts
"""
r = self._call('gettxout', b2lx(outpoint.hash), outpoint.n, includemempool)

if r is None:
raise IndexError('%s.gettxout(): unspent txout %r not found' %
(self.__class__.__name__, outpoint))

r['txout'] = CTxOut(int(r['value'] * COIN),

CScript(unhexlify(r['scriptPubKey']['hex'])))
del r['value']
del r['scriptPubKey']
r['bestblock'] = lx(r['bestblock'])
return r

def importaddress(self, addr, label='', rescan=True):

"""Adds an address or pubkey to wallet without the associated privkey."""
addr = str(addr)

r = self._call('importaddress', addr, label, rescan)

return r

def listunspent(self, minconf=0, maxconf=9999999, addrs=None):

"""Return unspent transaction outputs in wallet
Outputs will have between minconf and maxconf (inclusive)
confirmations, optionally filtered to only include txouts paid to
addresses in addrs.
"""
r = None
if addrs is None:
r = self._call('listunspent', minconf, maxconf)
else:
addrs = [str(addr) for addr in addrs]
r = self._call('listunspent', minconf, maxconf, addrs)

r2 = []
for unspent in r:
unspent['outpoint'] = COutPoint(lx(unspent['txid']), unspent['vout'])
del unspent['txid']
del unspent['vout']

unspent['address'] = CBitcoinAddress(unspent['address'])
unspent['scriptPubKey'] = CScript(unhexlify(unspent['scriptPubKey']))
unspent['amount'] = int(unspent['amount'] * COIN)
r2.append(unspent)
return r2

def lockunspent(self, unlock, outpoints):

"""Lock or unlock outpoints"""
json_outpoints = [{'txid':b2lx(outpoint.hash), 'vout':outpoint.n}
for outpoint in outpoints]
return self._call('lockunspent', unlock, json_outpoints)

def sendrawtransaction(self, tx, allowhighfees=False):

"""Submit transaction to local node and network.
allowhighfees - Allow even if fees are unreasonably high.
 """
hextx = hexlify(tx.serialize())
r = None
if allowhighfees:
r = self._call('sendrawtransaction', hextx, True)
else:
r = self._call('sendrawtransaction', hextx)
return lx(r)

def sendmany(self, fromaccount, payments, minconf=1, comment='',

subtractfeefromamount=[]):
"""Send amount to given addresses.
payments - dict with {address: amount}
"""
json_payments = {str(addr):float(amount)/COIN
for addr, amount in payments.items()}
r = self._call('sendmany', fromaccount, json_payments, minconf, comment,
subtractfeefromamount)
return lx(r)

def sendtoaddress(self, addr, amount, comment='', commentto='',

subtractfeefromamount=False):
"""Send amount to a given address"""
addr = str(addr)
amount = float(amount)/COIN
r = self._call('sendtoaddress', addr, amount, comment, commentto,
subtractfeefromamount)
return lx(r)

def signrawtransaction(self, tx, *args):

"""Sign inputs for transaction
FIXME: implement options
"""
hextx = hexlify(tx.serialize())
r = self._call('signrawtransaction', hextx, *args)
r['tx'] = CTransaction.deserialize(unhexlify(r['hex']))
del r['hex']
return r

def submitblock(self, block, params=None):

"""Submit a new block to the network.
params is optional and is currently ignored by bitcoind. See
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/BIP_0022 for full specification.
"""
hexblock = hexlify(block.serialize())
if params is not None:
return self._call('submitblock', hexblock, params)
else:
return self._call('submitblock', hexblock)

def validateaddress(self, address):

"""Return information about an address"""
r = self._call('validateaddress', str(address))
if r['isvalid']:
r['address'] = CBitcoinAddress(r['address'])
if 'pubkey' in r:
r['pubkey'] = unhexlify(r['pubkey'])
return r
 def unlockwallet(self, password, timeout=60):
"""Stores the wallet decryption key in memory for 'timeout' seconds.
password - The wallet passphrase.
timeout - The time to keep the decryption key in seconds.
(default=60)
"""
r = self._call('walletpassphrase', password, timeout)
return r

def _addnode(self, node, arg):

r = self._call('addnode', node, arg)
return r

def addnode(self, node):

return self._addnode(node, 'add')

def addnodeonetry(self, node):

return self._addnode(node, 'onetry')

def removenode(self, node):

return self._addnode(node, 'remove')

__all__ = (
'JSONRPCError',
'ForbiddenBySafeModeError',
'InvalidAddressOrKeyError',
'InvalidParameterError',
'VerifyError',
'VerifyRejectedError',
'VerifyAlreadyInChainError',
'InWarmupError',
'RawProxy',
'Proxy',
)
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