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MTH401 27 Feburary
2012 Final term PAPER SOLVED
TODAY’s Paper

Total Question: 52
Mcqz: 40
Subjective question: 12
4 q of 5 marks
4 q of 3 marks
4 q of 2 marks

Guidelines:
Prepare this file as I included all past papers and current papers (shared
till now) in it. You will have to clear the concepts and formulas of topics
according to which questons are solved in file.

TODAY’s PAPER no 1
Objective: MCQz
Topic Number of
Mcqz
Ratio Test Convergence 5
Divergence
D.E(Integrating Factors 7
+Homogenous+linear+bernoli)
1
Z= X + Z
2 2

Reactance & Impedence 1

Damped Motion 2
Maxima 1

Quasi period 3

Besslen’s Equation 1

Matrix Type(square+system to matrix 6

conversion)
Eigen Values+Eigen Vector 4

Multiplicy of Eigen Vector 3

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D.E operator 2

General Solution 1

BVP 1

Please review the formulas of above topics.

Q:1

dx dy t
2 - 5x + = 5e
dt dt
dx dy t
-x+ =e
dt dt lec 36 example 1

in decoupled form.

dx dy
2 - 5x + = 5et
dt dt
dx dy
-x+ = et
dt dt

( 2D - 5) x + Dy = 5et
( D - 1) x + Dy = et
2D - 5 D 5et D 2 D - 5 5et
Determinants are , ,
D -1 D et D D - 1 et
Therefore, in decpoupled form, we get
2D - 5 D 5et D
x
D -1 D et D
2D - 5 D 2 D - 5 5et
y
D -1 D D -1 et

Q:2

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Find order of homogenous equation obtained from non homogenous
differential equation:

y¢¢ + 4 y¢ + 3 y = 4 x 2 + 5? ? (2 MARKS)

Find the eigenvalues of the following system

Ê 3 -9 ˆ
X¢ Á ˜X
Ë 4 -3 ¯

Solution:
Ê 3 -9 ˆ
X' Á ˜X
Ë 4 -3 ¯

Ê 3 -9 ˆ
A Á ˜
Ë 4 -3 ¯
for eigen values, A - l I = 0
3-l -9
0
4 -3 - l
( 3 - l )( -3 - l ) + 36 = 0
3 ( -3 - l ) - l ( -3 - l ) + 36 = 0
-9 - 3l + 3l + l 2 + 36 = 0
-9 + l 2 + 36 = 0
l 2 + 27 = 0
l = 27i and - 27i are the two complex eigen values
Q:3
What is Chemical reaction first order equation? (2) Page no 100
Answer:

Q:4
What is charachteristic equation? Page no 379

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Answer:

Q:5
Can we extend power series?
AnsweR: Page no 268
I answered in yes and then wrote the extended form of power series.

Q:6 Page no 371

Q:7
Write system of equation in matrix form?
Solution: Page no 387

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dx
= -3x + 4 y - 9z
dt
dy
= 6x - y
dt
dz
= 10x + 4 y + 3z
dt
Solution :
È dx ˘
Í dt ˙
Í ˙ È -3 4 - 9 ˘ È x ˘
Í dy ˙ = Í6 - 1 0 ˙ Í y ˙
Í dt ˙ Í ˙Í ˙
Í ˙ ÍÎ10 4 3 ˙˚ ÍÎ z ˙˚
Í dz ˙
ÎÍ dt ˚˙
Q:8 Page no 98
Dudce special case of logistic equation (epidemic spread)? (5)

Q:9
Find order of homogenous equation obtained from non homogenous
differential equation:

y¢¢ + 4 y¢ + 3 y = 4 x 2 + 5? ? (2 MARKS)

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Q:10:
y¢¢ + y = 0
Find a series solution for the differential equation about
such that

Find condition of cofficent for an + 2& an (c n + 2& c n ) ?

Q:11

Which series is identically zero? Page no 273

Answer:

Q:12
È3 - 18 ˘
A Í2 - 9 ˙
Î ˚
eigen values ?
Eigen vectors ?
Note: I am not going to solve this question solve it by your self by
consulting two examples below.
========================First Paper End=====================

Q1: Find Coefficient of metrix:

dx
= -3x - 2 y
dt

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dy
= 5x + 7 y
dt

Solution:

Cofficent of matrix =

È -3 - 2˘
A Í5 7 ˙˚
Î

Q2: Eigen Values of metrics.

È2 3˘
A= Í
Î0 3˙˚

Consider the question below:

Ê 3 -9 ˆ
A Á 4 -3 ˜
Ë ¯
for eigen values, A - l I = 0
3-l -9
0
4 -3 - l
( 3 - l )( -3 - l ) + 36 = 0
3 ( -3 - l ) - l ( -3 - l ) + 36 = 0
-9 - 3l + 3l + l 2 + 36 = 0
-9 + l 2 + 36 = 0
l 2 + 27 = 0
l = 27i and - 27i are the two complex eigen values

This question is similar to above.

Q3: whether or not a singular points have real number if not then give
some examples?
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Answer: Page no 284

1 dy
Q4: Solve the differential equation. 1
y dx

Solution:

1 dy
1
y dx
dy
(1) dx
y
dy
Ú y Ú (1) dx
ln y = x + c
y e x +c

Q5: complementary solution of DE

y '' - 4 y ' + 4 y = 2e2 x

Solution: Page no 182

Q6: state the Bessel’s function of first kind of order ½ and -1/2.

Solution: Page no 313

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Only put the value of ½ in Jv (x) and - ½ in J-v (x) at the places of v.

Q7: Define the derivative of

Èe2t ˘
Í ˙
A (t) = Ít 2 ˙
Í8 ˙
Î ˚

Answer: Repeated

Q8: Find the egien values of

È ˘
Í1 -1 ˙
Í ˙
A Í ˙
Í4 -1 ˙˙
Í
ÍÎ 9 3 ˙˚

Solution:

Consider the question below.

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 Ê 3 -9 ˆ
A Á ˜
Ë 4 -3 ¯
for eigen values, A - l I = 0
3-l -9
0
4 -3 - l
( 3 - l )( -3 - l ) + 36 = 0
3 ( -3 - l ) - l ( -3 - l ) + 36 = 0
-9 - 3l + 3l + l 2 + 36 = 0
-9 + l 2 + 36 = 0
l 2 + 27 = 0
l = 27i and - 27i are the two complex eigen values

Q9: bht lamba tha mery sy note ni hoa time thora tha is lia L

Q10: Find the auxiliary solution of xt = 3x - y - 1 and y t = y + x - 4et

Consult page no 141

Q11: Write down the system of differential equations (5marks)

dx dy
= 6 x + y + 6t , = 4 x + 3 y - 10t + 4
dt dt

X ' = AX + F (t )
In form of

Solution:
Ê 6 1ˆ Ê 6t ˆ
X '=Á ˜ X +Á ˜
Ë 4 3¯ Ë -10t + 4 ¯

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====================== PAST PAPERS===========================

Q: An electronic component of an electronic circuit that has the ability to store

charge and opposes any change of voltage in the circuit is called

Inductor
Resistor
Capacitor
None of them

Q: If Ao is initial value and T denotes the half-life of the radioactive substance than

1
T
2A

dA
KA
dt

A0
A (T )
2

None of the above

dy
Q: integrating factor of the given equation x cos x + y ( x sin x + cos x )
is
dx

Xsecx

Cosx

Cotx

Xsinx

Q: Operator method is the method of the solution of a system of linear homogeneous or

linear non-homogeneous differential equations which is based on the process of
systematic elimination of the
Dependent variables

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Independent variable
Choice variable
None of them

Q: If E (t) =0, R =0 Electric vibration of the circuit is called_________

Free damped oscillation

Un- damped oscillation
Over damped oscillation
None of the given

Ê 3 4ˆ
Q: Eigen value of a matrix Á ˜
Ë -1 7 ¯

5, 5

10, 5

25, 5

None

Ê 1 1ˆ
Q: Eigen value of a matrix Á ˜
Ë 1 1¯

2,0

1,1

1,2

None

Ê3 4 ˆ
A Á ˜
Ë -1 7 ¯
Q: For Eigen values l 5,5 of a matrix ,there exists......... Eigen vectors.

infinite
one
two
three

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Q: If a matrix has 1 row and 3columns then the given matrix is
called________

Column matrix

Row matrix

Rectangular matrix

None
dy x+ y
dx x
Q: The general solution of differential equation .is given by
y
x
e cx
y
x
e cy
x
y
e cx
x
-
y
e cx

dy
Q: The integrating factor of the D.E + y ln y = yex is
dx

ex

ey

1
x
e

ey

dx 2 dx
Q: For the equation of free damped motion 2
+ 2l + w 2 x = 0 the roots are
dt dt
m1 = -l + l 2 + w 2 & m1 = -l - l 2 + w 2 ifl 2 - w 2 >0 Then the equations said to be:

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Under damped
Over damped
Critically damped
None of them

dy dx
Q: For the system of differential equations = 2 x, = 3 y the independent variable is
dt dt
(Are)

X,t

Y,t

X,y

dy dx
Q: For the system of differential equations = 2 x, = 3 y the dependent variable is
dt dt
(Are)

X,t

Y,t

X,y

Ê4-l 1 0 ˆ
Á 4-l 1 ˜˜ = 0 gives
Q: Á 0
Á 0 4 - l ˜¯
Ë 0

l 4 of multiplicity of 1

l 4 of multiplicity of 2

l 4 of multiplicity of 3

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None of the given.

Q: wronksin of x, x 2 is

x2

None of the above

a) Matrix A nd value of lembda was given to find the eigen vector? 3

marks.

Answer: (This question is solved by Shining Star as original question was

missing so I put it here for reference.)

Ê -3 1 ˆ
Á ˜
Ë 2 -4 ¯
A= , corresponding Eigen value l = -2 .

Ê -3 - (-2) 1 0ˆ
Á ˜
Ë 2 -4 - (-2) 0 ¯
Ê -1 1 0 ˆ
Á ˜
Ë 2 -2 0 ¯
Add two times row 1 in row 2
Ê -1 1 0 ˆ
Á ˜
Ë 0 0 0¯
-k 1 + k 2 = 0
k1 k2
Choosing k 2 = 1, we get k1 = 1
Ê 1ˆ
therefore, eigen vector is V Á ˜
Ë 1¯

b) X’=AX was given to find the eigenvalue and Eigen vector? 5 marks.
(This question is solved by Shining Star as original question was missing so
I put it here for reference.)
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For eigen values consut this question and for eigen vector look at the
above.
Ê 3 -9 ˆ
X¢ Á ˜X
Ë 4 -3 ¯

Solution:
Ê 3 -9 ˆ
X' Á ˜X
Ë 4 -3 ¯

Ê 3 -9 ˆ
A Á ˜
Ë 4 -3 ¯
for eigen values, A - l I = 0
3-l -9
0
4 -3 - l
( 3 - l )( -3 - l ) + 36 = 0
3 ( -3 - l ) - l ( -3 - l ) + 36 = 0
-9 - 3l + 3l + l 2 + 36 = 0
-9 + l 2 + 36 = 0
l 2 + 27 = 0
l = 27i and - 27i are the two complex eigen values

c) Solve DE dy-7dx=0 for initial value f(0)=1? 5 marks.

Answer:

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dy - 7dx = 0
dy 7dx

Ú dy Ú 7dx
y = 7( x ) + c
f (0) 1
f (0) = 7(0) + c
f (0) = 0 + c
1 C
y = 7x + 1

d) Find the general solution of 4x^2 y '' + 4xy' (4x^2-25)y=0 (it is the
Bessel's Equation a nd same question is given in exercise pg 314 of our
handouts)? 5 marks

Answer:

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Answer:

e) When a function is said to be analytic at any point? 2 marks

Answer:
A function is said to be analytic at point if the function can be represented
by power
series in (x−a) with a positive radius of convergence.

f) What is the ratio test? (its on pg 264 of our handouts) 5 marks

g) What is the formula for radius of convergence? (Its on pg 265 of our

hndouts)2 marks

Answer:

h) Write system of linear differential equations for two variables x and y?

(its on pg 333 of our handouts).2 marks
i) write any 3 D.Es of order 2? 3 marks Page no 207
Answer:

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j) D.E was given to convert in normal form? 3 marks
Answer:

k) Any example of boundary value problem? 2 marks

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Note: Power series sy ziada NHI tha. Lecture 35 to 45 pr ziada emphsis tha

Q No.2 ------------------5 marks:

Write annihilator operator for x+3xe^ (6x) e ki power 6 xs

Q No.3 ------------------3 marks:

Write the solution of simple harmonic motion in alternative simpler form
x(t)=c1coswt+c2sinwt from lec 22 page 199

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Answer:

Q No.4 ------------------2 marks:

Define general linear DE of nth order

Answer:

Define elementary row operation.

Answer:

Addition or multiplication of two rows.

Eigenvalue of multiplicity m 3

Answer:

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Fundamental of matrix 3

Answer:

What is determinnant? How to find it.

Write equation in matrix form.

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Find general solution........ 5marks..

Forbenius Theorem.........

5marks

Super position method for vectors

Answer:

Explain convergence and infinty condition of a infintye sereies.

What does these symbols mean?

dy dx
=x, =y
dt dt
Q2. Solve the system of differential equations by systematic
elimination.

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Solution:

dy
= x  Dy - x = 0 .........(i )
dt
dx
= y  - y + Dx = 0 ..........(ii )
dt
Operate (ii) by D, we get
- Dy + D 2 x = 0 ...........(iii )
Add (i) and (iii), we get
Dy - x = 0
- Dy + D 2 x = 0
D2 x - x = 0
(D 2
- 1) x = 0
Auxiliary equation is m 2 - 1 = 0
m = ±1
x ( t ) c1et + c2 e - t
Put this in (i), we get
Dy - ÈÎc1et + c2 e -t ˘˚ = 0
Dy = c1et + c2 e -t
Integrate both sides, we get
y ( t ) = c1et - c2 e- t

y¢¢ + y = 0
Q3. Find a series solution for the differential equation about such
that
•
y ( x) Âa
n 0
n xn

and

Solution:

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 an
an+ 2 = - ; n = 0,1, 2,...
( n + 2 )( n + 1)
a0 a
For n = 0, a2 = - =- 0
( 0 + 2 )( 0 + 1) 2
a1 a
For n = 1, a3 = - =- 1
(1 + 2 )(1 + 1) 6
a2 a 1Ê a ˆ a
For n = 2, a4 = - = - 2 = - Á- 0 ˜ = 0
( 2 + 2 )( 2 + 1) 12 12 Ë 2 ¯ 24
a3 a 1 Ê a ˆ a
For n = 3, a5 = - = - 3 = - Á- 1 ˜ = 1
( 3 + 2 )( 3 + 1) 20 20 Ë 6 ¯ 120
y ( x ) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + a3 x 3 + a4 x 4 + a5 x5 + ...
Ê a ˆ Ê a ˆ Êa ˆ Ê a ˆ
y ( x ) = a0 + a1 x + Á - 0 ˜ x 2 + Á - 1 ˜ x3 + Á 0 ˜ x 4 + Á 1 ˜ x5 + ...
Ë 2¯ Ë 6¯ Ë 24 ¯ Ë 120 ¯
Ê 1 1 4 ˆ Ê 1 1 5 ˆ
y ( x ) = a0 Á1 - x 2 + x + ... ˜ + a1 Á x - x3 + x + ... ˜
Ë 2 24 ¯ Ë 6 120 ¯

4 5
X = Cos3t - Sin3t
3 3 X = A.Sin( wt + f )
Q4. Write solution in the form .

2 2
Ê 4ˆ Ê 5ˆ 41
A = Á ˜ +Á- ˜ =
Ë 3¯ Ë 3¯ 3
Ê 4/3 ˆ
f = tan -1 Á ˜ = 0.6747 radians
Ë -5 / 3 ¯
41
x (t ) = sin ( 3t + 0.6747 )
3

Q5.

Case 1:

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is a function of y
Case2:

Then find the integrating factor in both cases.

Solution:

1
u
xM + yN

Q8. Under which conditions linear independence of the solutions for the differential
equation y¢¢ + P( x) y¢ + Q( x) y = 0 ..........(1) is guaranteed?

Solution:

Linear independence is guaranteed in case when the Wronskian of the two solutions is not equal
to zero.

Q10. When Frobenius’ Theorem is used in Differential

a2 ( x) y¢¢ + a1 ( x) y¢ + a0 ( x) y = 0
Equation ?

Solution:

When we have a regular singular point x= x0, then we can find at least one series
•
solution of the form y = Â cn ( x - x0 )
n+r
, where r is the constant that we will
n 0

determine after solving the differential equation.

Q12. Define Legendre’s polynomial of degree n

Solution:

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Legendre polynomial is an nth degree polynomial and it is given by the formula
1 dn 2
Pn ( x ) = n ( )
n
x - 1
2 n ! dxn

Q13. What is the ordinary differential equation and give an example?

Solution:

A differential equation which only includes ordinary derivatives is known as ordinary differential
equation. Some examples of ordinary differential equations include:

dy
= x2 + y
dx
= ( x 2 + 1)( y 2 + 1)
dy
dx
d2y dy
2
+ 2 + 3y = 0
dx dx

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