Basic Concepts On Child and Adolescent Development
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April LanuzaBasic Concepts On Child and Adolescent Development
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April LanuzalOMoARcPSD|4304649
Basic Concepts on Child and Adolescent Development
The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles (Our Lady of Fatima
University)
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Child and Adolescent Development
Interpret theories and findings related to child and adolescent development along the biological,
linguistic, cognitive, social and psychological dimensions.
A. Basic Concepts
Growth
o Pertain to the physical change and increase in size
o Can be measured quantitatively
o Indicators of growth are height, weight, bone size and definition
o The growth rate is rapid during the prenatal, neonatal, infancy, adolescence
o Slows during childhood
o Minimal during adulthood
Development
o Involves increase in the complexity of function and skill progression
o The capacity and skill of a person to adapt to the environment
o Pertains to the behavioral aspect of growth
Maturation
o Consists of changes that occur relatively independent of the environment
o Usually considered to be genetically programmed the result of heredity
Zone of Proximal Development
o It is wherein the child acquires new skills and information with the help of
assistance of an adult or an adult peer
Heredity
o The process of transmitting biological trait from parents to off-spring through
genes, the basic units of heredity
Environment
o Refers to the surrounding condition that influences growth and Development
Theory
o Ideas based on observations and other kinds of evidences which are organized
in a systematic manner
o Used to explain and predict the behaviors and development of children and
adults
Ethological theory
o Views development in terms of evolutionary concepts
Attachment
o Refers to the emotional bond to another person
o Lasting psychological connectedness between human beings
o An innate human survival mechanism
o A control system that achieves these specific goals:
Helps the infant maintain proximity
Provides the young child with security as based from which to explore
the world
Helps the child regulate his/her emotions
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John Bowly focused on how difficulties were transmitted from one generation to the
next.
Psychosexual Theory
o Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality development that focuses on the
changing seat of sensual pleasure of the individual
Psychosocial Theory
o Erik Erikson’s theory of personality which focuses on the individual’s
interactions with the society.
Ecological Theory
o Eric Bronfenbrenner’s theory of development in which the process is joint
function of the person and all the levels of the environment
Sociohistoric- Cognitive/ Linguistic Theory
o Lev Semanovich Vygotsky’s belief that the child is socially dependent at the
beginning of his cognitive life.
o Development is concerned as dependent on social interaction
