AIA Awards Issue

TEN for Immigrants architectmagazine.com

After Architecture The Journal of The American
AIA Expo Roundup Institute of Architects
The Eloueini House
How to Diversify
On Aline Saarinen

Richard
Rogers
2019 AIA Gold Medalist
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6 ARCHITECT, The Journal of The American Institute of Architects, May 2019

Contents
Volume 108, number 5. May 2019.
On the cover: 2019 AIA Gold Medalist Richard Rogers. Photo by Phil Fisk.
This page: Payette designers working on “Pearl.” Photo by Rashad Baniabbasi, courtesy Payette.

18 Calling All Adrenaline Junkies AIA Architect

20 Well Read 153 One Architect, Many Hats
22 On a Mission from God 155 Uncommon Vegas
24 The Circle of Life 156 The Rise of Adaptive Reuse in Las Vegas
26 Back to the Beginning 159 An Urban Park for All
28 A Movable Spectacle at a Gigantic Scale 161 In Its 10th Year, the Architecture & Design Film Festival
Emphasizes Social Justice
Tech + Practice 162 Beyond Our Comfort Zones
34 Best Practices: How to Expand into New Markets
38 Next Progressives: After Architecture Columns
44 Products: AIA Show Preview and More 167 Aline Louchheim Saarinen, Publicist
56 Opinion: We Must Plan for a Decarceration Nation by Eva Hagberg Fisher
60 Detail: Xiqu Centre Finned Façade 185 A Big Architect for a Little Museum
64 Practice: Increasing Diversity and Inclusion by Witold Rybczynski
76 Tech: Here Come the Venture Capitalists 199 TEN Arquitectos Designs a Beacon for the Resistance
82 Residential: AEDS | Ammar Eloueini Digit-all Studio by Karrie Jacobs

Editorial
336 Victor Hugo Was Wrong
by Ned Cramer

The 2019 AIA Honor Awards

212 Introduction
214 Gold Medal: Richard Rogers
216 Thomas Jefferson Award: James McCullar
217 Whitney M. Young Jr. Award: Karen Braitmayer
218 Topaz Medallion: Toshiko Mori
220 Architecture Firm Award: Payette
222 Collaborative Achievement: Jan Gehl, Michael Sorkin,
and Anne Taylor
224 Twenty-Five Year Award: Sainsbury Wing at the National
Gallery, by Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates
226 Edward C. Kemper Award: Robert Traynham Coles
230 Institute Honor Awards

Volume 108, number 5. May 2019. architect® (ISSN 1935-7001; USPS 009-880) is published monthly by Hanley Wood, 1152 15th Street NW, Suite 750, Washington, DC 20005. Copyright 2019 by Hanley Wood. Opinions expressed are those
of the authors or persons quoted and not necessarily those of the American Institute of Architects. Reproduction in whole or in part prohibited without written authorization. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA. Periodicals postage paid
at Washington, DC, and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to architect, P.O. Box 3494, Northbrook, IL 60065. Canada Post Registration #40612608/G.S.T. number R-120931738. Canadian return address:
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The Journal of The American

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 Lead Design Firm: HNTB New York Engineering and Architecture PC
Structural Engineer: WSP USA, New York, NY
Photo: Skanska USA

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Institute of Architects

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Kosciuszko
2019 Board of Directors
William J. Bates, faia, President
L. Jane Frederick, faia, First Vice President
Jason C. Winters, aia, Secretary
Patrick P. Panetta, aia, Treasurer

à Gogo Peter J. Exley, faia, At-Large Director

Emily A. Grandstaff-Rice, faia, At-Large Director
Daniel S. Hart, faia, At-Large Director
Timothy C. Hawk, aia, At-Large Director
Evelyn M. Lee, aia, At-Large Director
Jessica A. Sheridan, aia, At-Large Director
Heather B. Koury, hon. aia, CACE Director
;OLKLZPNUVM\YIHUPUMYHZ[Y\J[\YLHLJ[ZJP[`SPMLHZ Amelia Rosen, assoc. aia, Student Director
T\JOHZ[OLKLZPNUVMP[ZI\PSKPUNZ;OH[»Z^O`YLWSHJPUN Ryan Gann, assoc. aia, Associate Director
the Kosciuszko Bridge·HUV[VYPV\ZWPUJOWVPU[PU Robert A. Ivy, faia, EVP/Chief Executive Officer
AIA Strategic Council: Bruce D. Turner, aia, Moderator
[YHJIL[^LLU)YVVRS`UHUK8\LLUZ·^HZHOPNOWYPVYP[`
MVY.V]LYUVY*\VTV>P[OOLH]`SPM[PUNMYVTHNTB,
WSP USA, and SkanskaHZ[YPRPUNJHISLZ[H`LKZWHU The AIA Architect section of this magazine is produced by the Institute as a benefit to its members
in partnership with architect’s editorial and production teams. Please direct any questions or
OHZYPZLU^OLYL[OLV\[KH[LKIYPKNLVUJLZ[VVK comments to Frank Scanlan, MD, Strategic Communications & Content for AIA.
LUZ\YPUN5L^@VYRLYZTH`Z[PSSOH]L[YV\ISLZH`PUNP[Z
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 SPONSORED

PHOTOS : KENDALL MCCAUGHERTY © HALL+MERRICK COURTESY OF MCDONALD’S AND ROSS BARNEY ARCHITECTS

LEFT McDonald’s Chicago-based flagship restaurant glows

like a jewel box illuminating the warmth of its exposed timber
structure. TOP RIGHT Upon entry, patrons to McDonald’s
flagship location are greeted with a dramatic CLT structure
and floating glass garden of ferns and white birch trees.

IS WOOD WORTH IT?

For centuries we have been drawn to wood as a building material for its natural strength and beauty.
With its many distinct properties and advantages, wood’s versatility is vast. And upcoming code changes
are creating new opportunities for wood. While wood is cost-competitive when compared to alternative
materials, it’s not always the cheapest price-for-price. So, all things considered, is wood worth it?
Value Beyond the Price Tag Adding Mass Timber to the Menu authentic and eco-friendly. Mass timber offers
Multifamily, mixed-use and commercial clients In the American Midwest’s largest city, one of durability, resilience and sustainability. And
come with a unique set of needs and constraints. the most recognizable brands—McDonald’s— because you can use CLT like any panelized
Developers are looking for cost-effective, is showcasing how wood can bring value material, such as precast concrete or steel, it’s
replicable structures that can go up fast and and help express its growing commitment a robust, cost-effective and green alternative.
efficiently, without compromising on quality. to environmentally-conscious choices. For Wood’s Curve Appeal
In a sea of what can sometimes seem like its latest Chicago-based flagship restaurant, Thirty miles east of Vancouver, British Columbia,
cookie-cutter options, timber is an inherently the three-quarters-of-a-century-old fast- a six-story hybrid (mass timber and wood-
natural, distinctive building material that is food chain is shaking off its once plastic-clad frame) 72-unit condo building, Legacy on Park
proving it can be a design differentiator. brightly-colored interiors for an exposed Avenue its moniker, is making unique use of CLT,
Given its innate environmental benefits, warm cross-laminated timber (CLT) design, along with combined with dimensional lumber, to create
aesthetic, durability and performance, architects more sustainable, naturally hued materials. a signature curvaceous design, not otherwise
are increasingly turning to timber as a primary The choice to use timber came early in the possible with conventional construction.
building material. Coast-to-coast, design teams process with the goal: “design authenticity.” As “The speed, fit, and finish of the CLT panels
throughout North America are discovering wood’s Carol Ross Barney of Ross Barney Architects cannot be matched in conventional framing,”
distinct value, above and beyond its price tag. explains, some durable materials aren’t always
 SPONSORED

ARTIST RENDERING COURTESY OF NEXT PROPERTY GROUP, FIERA PROPERTIES & BNC INC. ARCHITECTURE + URBAN DESIGN RENDERING COURTESY KEYSTONE ARCHITECTURE & MDM CONSTRUCTION

TOP LEFT A seven-story mass timber design has become integral to 77 Wade’s marketing plan promoting its benefits to
prospective tenants. TOP RIGHT Legacy on Park Avenue condo makes creative use of CLT in this curvaceous hybrid wood-
frame mass timber design under construction. BOTTOM RIGHT A concrete podium wood-frame configuration offered
significant value for money for architect Togawa Smith Martin’s innovative double-podium design, supporting five levels of
wood-framed structure and boosting density for the WREN Residences in Los Angeles.
PHOTO : KEVIN C. KORCZYK COURTESY TOGAWA SMITH MARTIN

explains Steve Rempel, a partner in MDM achieve its same warmth and character, while
Construction, the firm constructing the incorporating the best and latest technologies?” Why Wood is Worth It
project. “The materials’ ability to span in two The result is 77 Wade, a thoroughly modern The business case for wood is growing:
directions at the same time have opened Toronto-based office complex to be constructed
up new structural framing possibilities.” • A natural, renewable and sustainable material
of mass timber, with nail-laminated timber
Generation Wood ceilings and glulam columns, reminiscent of • Market differentiation and cachet
timber structures of the past. The seven-story • Anecdotally, some owners of timber
A thirty-year veteran developer, Cary Soloman,
buildings report higher lease-rates
President & CEO of Next Property Group, has building, with its generous exposed wood,
and lower vacancy rates
had great success attracting start-ups and will attract what Soloman calls “a new kind of
• Podium-wood-hybrid configurations
tech-oriented tenants through the conversion urban professional” that is looking for a vibrant,
can save money and boost density
and adaptive re-use of century-old timber- natural, warm and sustainable workplace.
• Well-suited to prefabrication, wood
brick-and-beam buildings. What he discovered With the upcoming changes in building codes in buildings can go up quicker, year-round
is there is an emerging generation of budding both the United States and Canada, wood’s value • Studies show a correlation between
office workers drawn to their historic character. will be reaching new heights. Innovative design appearance of wood and lower levels of stress

This led him to ask his design team at BNC Inc. teams across North America are choosing wood • Can offer cleaner, safer and
for the great value it offers and proving there more efficient job sites
Architecture + Urban Design, “what if we took
are a wide range of reasons why its worth it. • Light but strong, wood can reduce
a 1920’s timber brick-and-beam building and transportation, foundation and other costs
put it in a time machine, taking it out in 2020? • Its versatility creates new design possibilities
What would that building look like? How can we

To learn more, download our Look Book with more than 40 pages showcasing nine innovative wood
buildings. Get inspired and see what’s possible visit: ThinkWood.com/Lookbook.
18 ARCHITECT, The Journal of The American Institute of Architects, May 2019

Calling All Adrenaline Junkies courtesy solomon cordwell buenz

Chicago will soon be home to a new architectural ride for adrenaline junkies. In March, local firm SCB (Solomon Cordwell Buenz)
released plans for a glass-walled elevator that will be fixed to the outside of the Edward Durell Stone–designed Aon Center at the
edge of Millennium Park, transporting visitors 1,000 vertical feet in 60 seconds, or at speeds of 16.6 feet per second. Visitors can
then take in a 360-degree panoramic view of the city and look out over Lake Michigan from the top of the 83-story tower’s new
Aon Center Observatory. Construction will begin this year with expected completion in 2021. —katharine keane

> To learn more about the project, check out SCB’s site at scb.com.
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20

Well Read anthony lindsey

On April 4, The American Institute of Architects and the American Library Association announced the winners of the 2019
AIA/ALA Library Building Awards. The program honors projects anywhere in the world as long as they permit public access and
are completed by an architect licensed in the United States. This year, a six-person jury recognized six projects, all located in the
U.S. and Canada—from MSR Design and JRA Architects; Perkins+Will; Pfeiffer; Skidmore, Owings & Merrill; Snøhetta and Dialog;
and Noll & Tam Architects (whose Half Moon Bay Library, in Half Moon Bay, Calif., is shown). —miabelle salzano

> Read more about each winner, and see a lot more images, at bit.ly/2019AIALibraryAwards.
 &

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22

On a Mission from God

Mario Botta, hon. faia, designs with a disposition toward solid masonry construction and simple geometric volumes. Is it the
enrico cano

essentialist nature of the work that has won him so many commissions with a spiritual program? “Church architecture describes
visually the idea of the sacred, which is a fundamental need of man,” Botta has said. “Sacral Spaces,” at the Ringturm Exhibition
Centre in Vienna, examines 22 religious projects that the Swiss architect has completed during his five-decade career. (A 2004
church dedicated to Pope John XXIII in Seriate, Italy, is shown.) The exhibition is on display through May 31. —m.s.

> Learn more about Mario Botta’s installation at the Ringturm Exhibition Centre at bit.ly/BottaReligiousRingturm.
It’s like the Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue,
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24

The Circle of Life plomp; courtesy unstudio

Amsterdam-based UNStudio is working on the world’s smartest neighborhood. The Brainport Smart District in Helmond,
Netherlands, will have 1,500 residences and almost 30 acres of commercial space, much of which will be centered around a “living
lab” of mixed-use buildings and a central park. A circular economy of shared energy, food, and water for all residents “aims to
develop a new relationship between buildings and landscape, whereby both strengthen each other qualitatively,” the firm says.
“The landscape is used as a productive environment for food, energy, water, waste processing, and biodiversity.” —k.k.

> Learn more about the Brainport Smart District at unstudio.com.

 Authenticity.
AND ALLURE .

Amy Kehoe x The Heritage Collection

“ O F T E N , W H AT G I V E S A N O B J E C T

AU T H E N T I C I T Y I S T H E O N E W H O I S B E H I N D

T H E O B J E C T— I T S M A K E R — A N D I T S F I N I S H ,

I T S TO U C H . A N AU T H E N T I C P I E C E I S N ’ T “ O F

T H E M O M E N T ” O R TO O C O N T R I V E D. I T ’ S

S I M P LY S O M E T H I N G YO U N E V E R T I R E O F. ”

- AMY KEHOE
Interior Designer/Co-Founder Nickey Kehoe

Experience Dacor at our new Kitchen Theaters.

For more details, visit dacor.com/kitchentheater N E W YO R K | C H I CAG O | LO S A N G E L E S
26

Back to the Beginning dpa picture alliance

To celebrate the Bauhaus’ centennial, Berlin-based Heike Hanada Laboratory of Art and Architecture’s Bauhaus Museum
Weimar opened on April 6 in Weimar, Germany. What began in 1925 as 168 pieces owned by founder Walter Gropius has grown
into a 13,000-piece collection, which makes up the core of the museum’s new “The Bauhaus Comes From Weimar” permanent
exhibition. The installation includes pieces by legendary Bauhäusler such as Marianne Brandt, Marcel Breuer, Carl Jakob Jucker,
Paul Klee, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and László Moholy-Nagy. —m.s.

> Learn more about the new Bauhaus Museum Weimar and its permanent collection at bit.ly/BauhausMuseumWeimar.
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28

A Movable Spectacle at a Gigantic Scale

The Shed represents one of the biggest and most extreme examples of a “move”—as in the first architecture lesson I ever learned:
alex fradkin

“get in, make your move, get out fast”—that I have seen in recent years. And it is spectacular. The combination of the lacy steel
structure and the translucent panels summon the image of a Gothic cathedral that has become abstracted and stretched into a
thin membrane. The diagonal panes and struts, not to mention those supersized wheels, have a kinetic beauty even when they are
fully stationary. In the end, the Shed’s move produces not frozen music, but frozen spectacle. —aaron betsky

> Read Aaron Betsky’s entire analysis of Diller Scofidio + Renfro and Rockwell Group’s Shed at bit.ly/BetskyShed.
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67th ANNUAL CALL FOR ENTRIES

Progressive
Architecture
Awards

ELIGIBILITY RECOGNITION
Projects must have a client and a completion date after January 1, 2020. Judging will take place Winners will be featured in the February 2020
in November 2019. Winners will be notified in December 2019, published in the February 2020 print issue of architect with expanded
issue of architect, and honored at a ceremony in New York. For more information and rules coverage online at architectmagazine.com.
and regulations, visit paawards.com.

HOW TO ENTER DEADLINES FEES

submit your work at regular November 1, 2019 single entry $195
> paawards.com late November 8, 2019 additional entries $150
(Submission period opens late fee $50 (for entries submitted after Nov. 1)
in June 2019)

2018 award winner ucla margo leavin graduate art studios by johnston marklee
34 ARCHITECT, The Journal of The American Institute of Architects, May 2019

Best Practices:
How to Expand into New Markets

text by jeff link

It is easy to be pigeonholed into one type practice. As acting chair of the Culver like Houston-based Radom Capital took
of market in architecture, particularly City Planning Commission, Ogosta notice. Ultimately, the two companies
if you’re an emerging or small firm with reviews major design proposals for teamed up for several projects.
limited resources. Here, architects the city; recent projects include a But with design-to-construction
and designers share their advice for Gensler-designed expansion of Culver schedules of seven to eight months (as
expanding your range of work. Studios, where Amazon plans to house compared to several years for some of
its production arm, and a four-story the firm’s other projects), the retail spaces
Collaborate with a Larger Partner building that will be a home for Apple’s have stretched the firm to capacity. “The
One way for a niche practice to gain a Worldwide Video group. Through his flip side of developer work, for good
foothold in new markets is by partnering back-end review of pending projects and and bad, is that it happens very quickly,”
with a larger firm on a project that public presentations, he has earned a says Troy Schaum, who co-founded the
plays to the strengths of each. For a reputation as “something of an expert on firm with Rosalyne Shieh, aia. “When
joint retainer from the Public Building approvals of commercial development things happen, you and your staff are
Commission of Chicago that included in the city,” Ogosta says. “It’s volunteer overworked. We’re also not big enough
a 42,000-square-foot annex to Nathan time, but it’s time well spent. As a to make new hires. But the more we
Hale Elementary School—a late result of this, I’ve been approached by can understand and communicate the
1940s-era Art Moderne Chicago Public a commercial developer for a project
Schools building—local 10-person firm renovation in the city.” “Partnering was one thing
Searl Lamaster Howe Architects (SLHA) While the three-story office and
teamed with Eckenhoff Saunders, workshop in question is still undergoing
we identified as a way to
another local but larger practice, feasibility studies and has yet to be reach into new work.”
with nearly 50 architects and interior publicly announced, Ogosta says
— Greg Howe, aia, principal, Searl Lamaster Howe Architects
designers. “During the recession, the potential to apply his knowledge
we were looking for opportunities,” of zoning laws to “bring the [1980s framework for the deliverables, the
says SLHA principal Greg Howe, aia. concrete-block building] into the easier it is to predict deadlines and
“Partnering was one thing we identified 21st century” exemplifies the kind manage expectations.”
as a way to reach into new work.” of opportunity that can grow from And with the newly broadened
Combining Eckenhoff Saunders’ community involvement. portfolio of built work comes the
larger staff size and familiarity with opportunity for more growth. “One of
public building regulations with SLHA’s Prepare for Growing Pains the big transitions is moving from a
hands-on, personalized approach Almost without exception, expansion mode of mostly referral or reputational
helped secure the deal and move the into new markets comes with its connections to work where we actually
project forward, Howe says. challenges. When the six-person go after RFPs and RFQs and are actively
Houston-based firm Schaum/Shieh competing in open calls,” Schaum says.
Connect with the Community began to attract the attention of the “We’re able to use just a few projects
For Edward Ogosta, aia, founder of his cultural beau monde following the firm’s as a basis for qualifications … because
eponymous Culver City, Calif., practice, completion of White Oak Music Hall and we’ve taken [them] seriously enough to
civic engagement has been key to ongoing preservation work for the Judd stand in as qualifications for the work
growing his emerging three-person Foundation in Marfa, Texas, developers we want to do.”

> For more tips on expanding into new markets, visit bit.ly/ARExpand.
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38

Next Progressives:
After Architecture

curated by sarah rafson

Location: tweaking, revealing, rearranging, with Carlo Scarpa and practiced in the
Blacksburg, Va. subverting, and reframing to create Italian Dolomites. We came to know
appreciation for what would otherwise of him because he built a company
Year founded: go unnoticed. vacation town, Villaggio Eni, on the
2012 mountainside above Kyle’s ancestral
Favorite project: village of Borca di Cadore. Gellner’s
Firm leadership:
Our most recent project, the Camp work fuses the “anonymous” vernacular
Barker Memorial, has been a of alpine barns and ski chalets with
breakthrough piece because it confronts modernist concerns around concrete,
a powerful historical moment currently structure, color, and organic design.
hidden from view. Composed of a We appreciate the work’s simultaneous
series of entry portals to a modern-day sensitivity to context and rigor in
elementary school in Washington, D.C., advancing architectural expression.
the project calls attention to the site’s
past as a Civil War–era refugee camp for Favorite destination for architecture:
those escaping slavery. The portals take Los Angeles—Katie’s hometown—where
Kyle Schumann and Katie MacDonald, assoc. aia
form as a folding plane that incorporates the weird thrives and insulation is
Education: a central gateway as well as smaller less critical.
MacDonald: B.Arch., Cornell University; shelters that engage the scale of the
M.Arch., Harvard Graduate School of child, inviting young students to grapple Design trend to leave behind:
Design; Schumann: B.Arch., Cornell with America’s fraught history. Gradients. We see gradients as a
University; M.Arch., Princeton University manifestation of pop culture imagery
Second favorite project: surrounding media consumption today,
Firm size: Hearth was originally designed for where aesthetics are often valued
Two-plus a cabin competition and was more over substance. They are pretty, but
recently adapted for a client in Vermont. they have become a kind of window
Origin of firm name: The design plays with the tropes of the dressing. We are more interested in
While we love the process of designing archetypal backwoods log cabin—the log the windows.
architecture, we are not convinced that it façade, the chimney, the porch, and the
has to be limited to the discipline. “After” stack of firewood out front—integrating Best criticism you’ve ever received:

courtesy after architecture

alludes to our desire to root our work each discrete element into a seamless Schumann: Late professor Arthur
in history and our ambition to pursue a wrapper. This project was pivotal in Ovaska of Cornell University diagnosed
post-disciplinary scope of work. shaping our thinking about typology and me with “corneritis” in a second-year
reinterpreting architectural tropes. studio. Symptoms of corneritis include
Mission: an obsessive over-defining of space
We seek to elevate the everyday and Design hero: through articulation of closed corners.
call attention to the ordinary—unseen We recently conducted a research I am thankful to have received such an
histories, cultural identities, construction fellowship to study the work of Edoardo early diagnosis, and my plans have never
conventions, building typologies—by Gellner, an Italian architect who studied been the same.

> To learn more about After Architecture’s work and inspiration, visit bit.ly/ARAfterArch.
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 40

5
4
After Architecture
Next Progressives:

4
1

3
3

1, 6: courtesy after architecture and make think design; 2, 3, 4, 5: courtesy after architecture
 41

6 76

8 8
6: courtesy after architecture and make think design; 7: courtesy design museum boston

1. The Fossa Olfactoria installation features balloons filled

with scented oil placed behind a “fleshy fabric membrane”
to highlight the connection between the olfactory system
(responsible for our sense of smell) and tactile experiences.
2. The duo describe this cabin located in Sackville, New
Brunswick, as an “occupiable hearth” constructed with
timber from the surrounding forest. 3. This residential
8 proposal reconceives the modern house archetype by
reassigning the typical red brick core to an outer black
brick shell, which allows for a central courtyard where
solar energy is harvested to heat the building at night.
4. Located outside the San Diego Marriott Marquis and
Marina, this installation features a grid of undulating posts
evoking “waves and wavelengths,” according to the firm.
5. Located at the Cornell Botanic Gardens, in Ithaca, N.Y.,
this multicolored sculptural bench comprises a grid of 264
CNC-milled square timbers. 6. Designed in collaboration
with New York practice Make, Think, Design, this whimsical
garden concept was named a 2018 finalist for the annual
Ragdale Ring Competition, hosted by the Ragdale
Foundation in Lake Forest, Ill. The proposal calls for an
undulating circular typography that surrounds a theater
accented with a faux tree that offers shade, shelter, and an
area to install lighting and scenery. 7. Located outside the
Boston Children’s Museum, Twofold is designed as a bench
for adults and a table for children. 8. The Camp Barker
Memorial at Garrison Elementary School in Washington,
D.C., harkens back to the site’s original use as a barracks
for Civil War soldiers that ultimately housed slaves who had
recently escaped the South.
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44

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UH46, NewTechWood
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Quadra Seating System, Game Theory, Carnegie

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Plenum, Fritz Hansen

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Comprising high-back one-, two-, and three-seater sofas with optional
integrated features such as outlets, USB ports, and mounted swivel or free-
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The legs are powdercoated black steel. fritzhansen.com

Sensate with Kohler Konnect, Kohler Studio Dekton Slim, Cosentino StoVentec R, Sto Corp.
Equipped with Kohler Konnect smart Dekton’s ultracompact architectural Available in glass and render finishes
home technology and a motion sensor surfaces are now available in 0.15" with ultrasmooth to grainy surfaces,
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Hypar Explore, Hypar

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56

Opinion:
We Must Plan for a Decarceration Nation

text by deanna van buren

Hope Re-Entry Campus. There, up to infrastructure. In Oakland, our firm is

40 individuals will have access to job working with a consortium of nonprofits
training, a place to spend time with that run Restore Oakland, the country’s
families, and therapeutic resources first center for restorative justice and
as they find full-time employment and restorative economics where low-wage
permanent housing to stay out of prison. restaurant workers train for living-wage
The reimagining of prisons and jails is The move to decarceration has led jobs in fine dining, and where youths
a task in which the firm I co-founded accordingly to closures of detention aged 15 to 25 are diverted from court to
with Kyle Rawlins is often asked to facilities. From 2011 to 2016, 94 state Restore’s dedicated spaces for conflict
participate—and one that is a misguided prisons and juvenile facilities were resolution and peacemaking.
use of our time and energy. In the closed or announced imminent Cities will also need to research the
last decade, books such as Michelle closure, according to the Sentencing outcomes of current criminal justice
Alexander’s The New Jim Crow (The Project’s 2016 report “Repurposing: policy and the impact of future policies
New Press, 2010) and social justice New Beginnings for Closed Prisons.” on the built environment. This research
movements like Black Lives Matter have Strategies for repositioning these will hopefully support communities and
helped push us into an age of criminal facilities are required. For example, the governments in their fight to reinvest in
justice reform. Though our country still Atlanta City Detention Center, which restorative infrastructure.
has the world’s highest incarceration detains about 100 people—down from In our most historically under-
rate, jail and prison admission rates a high of 1,314—costs about $33 million resourced communities, the investment
have dropped by 25 percent and 24 annually to operate. Community activist in infrastructure for our punitive justice
percent, respectively, from a decade ago, groups, including the Racial Justice system in lieu of educational, economic,
according to the Vera Institute of Justice. Action Center and Women on the Rise, and healthcare resources illustrates how
As such, we need to address a are garnering local support to transform the built environment embodies many of
series of pressing issues, including the the structure into a center for freedom our society’s gross inequities. Flipping
development of infrastructure, such as and wellness while advocating for policy this paradigm will require the attention
housing, in underinvested communities shifts to release the last 100 detainees. of our most talented and sensitive
to which citizens are returning; the need When facilities are not repurposed architects, designers, and planners. We
to cultivate restorative reinvestments in efficiently, they can lead to safety, public have a unique way of thinking that helps
these communities; and the adaptive health, and economic concerns, with us manifest complex ideas, concepts,
reuse of defunct and vacant criminal taxpayers footing the bill to cover their and philosophies into real space and
justice infrastructure in our city centers substantial operating costs. Or worse time—all skills that are desperately
and rural lands. yet, the facilities may reopen as places needed at the edge of social change.
My firm is working with local of incarceration with the opportunity for Together, we can steward a successful
black churches in Oakland, Calif., to restorative development lost. effort to decarcerate our nation and
transform their assets into re-entry Across the country, communities are build equitable and just communities.
vanessa lenz

infrastructure for released prisoners. rising to engage in justice reinvestment

For example, we’re turning a charter by embracing alternative conflict Deanna Van Buren is the co-founder and design
school building owned by the Center resolution strategies and proposing director of Designing Justice + Designing Spaces,
of Hope Community Church into the ideas to bring in needed resources and in Oakland, Calif.

> To read more opinion pieces by thought leaders in the design community, visit bit.ly/AROpinion.
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60

Detail:
Xiqu Centre Finned Façade

text by timothy a. schuler

Hong Kong’s Xiqu Centre, a subtly asymmetrical blade is identical, with the
curving, eight-story structure with a exceptions bordering curtain openings.
not-so-subtle textural façade, puts The fins are arranged end-to-end in
the concept of a curtain back into an alternating fashion, top to bottom,
curtainwall. Designed by Revery bottom to top; each vertical array of fins
Architecture (formerly Bing Thom never tilts or changes orientation.
Architects), which has offices in Hong The fins bolt to aluminum panels that 1
Kong and Vancouver, British Columbia, make up a unitized curtainwall system 2
with local firm Ronald Lu & Partners, anchored to the building’s concrete- 3 5

the 320,000-square-foot performing and-steel structure. Unlike the fins, each 4

6 7
arts venue features more than 13,000 aluminum panel is unique.
extruded aluminum fins on a unitized- The connections between the fins
panel façade, creating the effect of a and the vertical panels were among
8
rippling, metallic stage curtain drawn the most challenging to develop, says
strategically to reveal corner entrances Revery design principal Venelin Kokalov, 9
and openings that support natural who took over the firm following the 2016
ventilation. Heightening the illusion, death of its namesake, the Hong Kong–
portions of the façade appear to overlap, born Canadian architect Bing Thom. A
like adjacent curtain panels. custom stainless steel bracket slides 10
To make the façade cost-effective, into a groove cut into the back of each
Revery used 3D modeling software fin blade and attaches to an aluminum
to optimize the fin geometry. Each fin transom in three places—the top,
is CNC-cut from a curved piece of bottom, and center of each blade.
extruded aluminum to produce two The panels were prefabricated in
identical wave-like blades. Nearly every Guangdong, China, and arrived at the
building site pre-numbered to streamline
installation, which required eight
months. Attaching the 13,000-plus fins 1. Aluminum sleeve fin bracket
took another eight months. 2. 7.9' × 1' aluminum fin blade,
For Kokalov, the Xiqu Centre was a 6" to 14" deep
deeply personal project, marking his 3. Aluminum capping with cover clip
final collaboration with Thom, a friend 4. Aluminum transom
and mentor. Its completion in January 5. Spring washer and stainless steel (SS)
was a reminder of the firm’s tireless bearing plate
efforts. “Fight,” he says. “Fight every 6. M30 bolt
day. To save an idea, you have to work 7. SS bushing and SS stopper cover
ema peter

hard. Otherwise, people take the safe 8. M10 male and female cap
route and the easy path. For us, it was 9. SS fin knuckle and cover
important to not give up.” 10. 18' × 7.5' × 1" aluminum panel

> To read more about the design and construction of the Xiqu Centre, visit bit.ly/ARXiquC.
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64

Practice:
Increasing Diversity and Inclusion

text by alice liao

Architecture remains very much a white profession. Although the demographics have Barriers to Entry
become more diverse in the last decade, says Tania Salgado, faia, former chair of the Primary school students with limited
AIA Diversity and Inclusion Council and co-founder and principal of Denver-based or no access to architects—or even to
Handprint Architecture, “much work remains to be done.” the concept of architecture—will, as
According to the Census Bureau, the U.S. population is 61 percent white, expected, take longer to identify design
13 percent African American, 18 percent Hispanic or Latinx, 6 percent Asian, and as a potential career path. However,
1 percent Native American. Meanwhile, the makeup of AIA members is 67 percent the students most likely to thrive in
white, 2 percent African American, 5 percent Hispanic or Latinx, 6 percent Asian, architecture programs are those who
and less than 1 percent Native American, with 18 percent not reporting. The have committed to the discipline early
underrepresentation of many ethnic groups translates not only to inequities within the on. Architecture students “have to

sources: u.s. census bureau, the american institute of architects, national architectural
profession, but also to missed opportunities in business. Time after time, research start [their] programming in the first
has shown us that a diverse workforce increases creativity, productivity, debate, and year of college, so it means you have to
problem-solving among companies. Furthermore, building owners are increasingly know you want to be an architect [by]
mirroring the general population. “[Clients] want to make sure that the design team your junior year of high school,” says
they hire can understand the needs and perspectives of the users of the building,” Bryan Lee Jr., founder and director of
notes Erin McConahey, a Los Angeles–based principal and regional diversity design of Colloqate, a New Orleans–
advocate for the 14,000-person international firm Arup. based nonprofit multidisciplinary
Leveraging the benefits of a diverse workforce, however, requires a culture of design practice, and the national

accrediting board 2017 annual report on architecture education

inclusion and equity. The former encourages everyone “to bring their whole selves chair of the National Organization of
to the table,” says Sherry Snipes, founder and managing director of Washington, Minority Architects’ (NOMA’s) Project
D.C.–based consulting firm Global Diversity Collaborative; the latter ensures fairness. Pipeline. As a result, he continues,
100
◼

Achieving a culture like this requires the elimination of obstacles that the underserved those “academically rigorous enough
◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

and underrepresented face to access the same opportunities that others have. to be architects” often opt instead for
◼
◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

medicine, law, and other fields where

.
u.s. population
.
aia members
.
professors the primary training occurs in graduate
◼
◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

school.
White
percent of u.s. population

Still, early cognizance of architecture

◼
◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

isn’t enough for some students to

White
◼

seriously consider it as a career. Other

◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

obstacles exist.
50
◼
◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Tuition is a significant deterrent

to entering a design program, says
◼
◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Rachell Morris, assoc. aia, a former

ZGF principal now based in New
◼
◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

York. According to the Association of

Collegiate Schools of Architecture’s
◼

Latinx
◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

African American Latinx online resource Study Architecture, the

Asian
◼

median in-state tuition for a five-year

◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Asian African American

0 Native American Native American B.Arch. program falls between $11,500

> To read the full text of this article, earn continuing education credit, and obtain a certificate of completion, visit go.hw.net/ARED052019 and complete the quiz.
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66

Practice: firms such as Gensler and SmithGroup, That was the first time an architecture
Increasing Diversity and nonprofit organizations such as ACE professor had said that to me.” It was
and Inclusion Mentor Program of America and AIA/ Holland’s last year of school.
Architects Foundation—but they come To be accredited by the National
nowhere close to meeting the need. Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB),
Post-graduation, even landing architecture programs must address
a design job offers little reprieve. in its curriculum the profession’s role
“Internships paying below market rate in ensuring “equity of access” to the
prevent talented student access to built environment. “If the faculty who
the prime opportunities,” says Andrew can bring that to the table isn’t being
Phillips, chief of innovation and design hired, it won’t exist in the curriculum,”
faculty chair for the Charter High School says Los Angeles–based ZGF associate
for Architecture and Design (CHAD) in Christopher Locke. While studying at
Philadelphia. “Students coming from the University of Michigan’s Taubman
and $16,499 annually, not including living families of affluence that can support College of Architecture and Urban
costs. For an in-state two- or three-year unpaid [or low-paying] work have more
M.Arch. program, this figure jumps to opportunity.”
between $16,500 and $21,499 per year. Once in a school or work setting,
Tuition at private institutions can be being one of a few members of an
much, much more. underrepresented group can be
Increasingly, summer architecture isolating. “You don’t necessarily feel
programs—themselves with price like anyone else in the room can
tags in the thousands of dollars—are relate to your perspective,” says
becoming a prerequisite for admission Gabrielle Bullock, faia, Los Angeles–
Kevin Holland
to competitive B.Arch. programs, says based director of global diversity for
NOMA president Kimberly Dowdell, aia, Perkins+Will. In 1984, Bullock was the Planning, he was able to travel to Brazil
a partner at Detroit-based real estate second African American woman to to study the country’s Afrocentric
firm Century Partners. Los Angeles– graduate from the Rhode Island School culture and roots in the slave trade. A

huang: ariel sinson; bullock: courtesy perkins+will; holland: noah pylvainen

based Synthesis Design+Architecture of Design’s architecture program. “There diverse curriculum that “challenges
(SDA) founder and design principal Alvin was a singular approach and language the traditional practices and education
Huang, aia, agrees. Also an associate in architecture education that did not of architecture is necessary for the
professor at the University of Southern resonate with all students of varying profession to evolve,” he says.
California (USC), Huang estimates that cultural backgrounds,” she says. Students investigating the minority
at least 90 percent of USC applicants In the 1980s, Kevin Holland, faia, was experience also require faculty members
have attended at least one such program one of three African Americans in a class with a level of cultural competency.
and submit portfolios demonstrating of 100-plus architecture students at the A 2017 NAAB report finds that design
faculty in the U.S. are 71 percent white,
8 percent Latinx, 7 percent Asian,
and 3 percent African American. This
disconnect in demographics can
become clear at crit time when students
may “have to work harder to justify
[their] ideas,” Locke says. He recalls an
occasion in which a professor halted
the critique of a peer’s project when it
Alvin Huang Gabrielle Bullock
became clear that the visiting jurors had
formal instruction. “The difference is University of Virginia (UVa). Now the Los no understanding of the significance of
hard to evaluate because one has shown Angeles–based director of operations barbershops in African American culture.
they’ve been trained to do the work and and a senior associate at Perkins+Will, For firm owners of color, competing
the other hasn’t,” he says. Holland says he often questioned his fit for projects can be challenging because
Financial support and scholarships in UVa’s program. He considered leaving, people prefer to work with those they
aiming to increase diversity are available but an instructor “convinced me that like and know, says Deryl McKissack,
from several sources, including major I would make a pretty good architect. president and CEO of McKissack &
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68

Practice: compete. Such stipulations don’t exist in Designer-Led Solutions and Initiatives
Increasing Diversity private development. “As progressive as Many organizations and individuals are supporting
and Inclusion [Washington, D.C.] is, we had only one current and aspiring architects of color in the hopes of
office building designed by an African creating a more inclusive and representative profession.
American company as recently as about Below is a sampling.
seven years ago,” McKissack says. “The
big developers aren’t using minority
firms to do their design work.”
Although Asians are proportionately
represented in architecture, their
numbers dwindle among senior leaders,
firm owners, and sole practitioners,
says SDA’s Huang. “Part of it might be
structural,” he says, referring to the
McKissack, based in Washington, D.C.: dearth of Asian leaders to serve as
“Architecture is such a chemistry-driven role models and the persistence of the
business. Sometimes the relationships stereotype that Asians are quiet and
can span years and are cultivated hard-working, but “not necessarily as
through personal and professional visionary … or charismatic—the qualities
networks,” making them difficult for that define leadership.”
outsiders to penetrate. (The 2018 AIA Cultural differences are a factor.
Firm Survey report found that 71 percent Huang has noticed a reluctance among
of billings come from repeat business, his Asian students to ask questions out Discussing hopes and concerns for communities
43 percent of which were from clients of fear of seeming unintelligent. Yet in at Small Talks:LA, a Designing in Color spin-off
without a competitive selection.) his own career, being inquisitive with
To win a commission without these colleagues, supervisors, and clients has
connections requires a proven track not only deepened his knowledge, but
also helped make his presence known.
“They have to talk to you, so you’re part ACE Mentor Program of America
of the conversation,” Huang says. Across the country, AEC professionals guide
Unconscious or implicit bias is local high school students through regular
another factor. A product of one’s meetings and mock projects. Sessions
life experiences and the culture and culminate with student presentations and
environment into which one is socialized, scholarship opportunities. acementor.org
implicit bias refers to assumptions about
individuals, groups, and behavior that National Organization of

locke: courtesy designing in color; top: tessa forde

Christopher Locke
are steeped in stereotypes based on Minority Architects
record, but “firms can’t show a rich race, ethnicity, gender, or age. Unlike Currently 900 members strong, the
portfolio if they have not had the chance explicit bias, which is self-reported and association comprises 27 local professional
to build it,” McKissack notes. And if a measurable, these assumptions are chapters and 40 student chapters that
minority firm is hired, she adds, “there less accessible but more pervasive: host a variety of events and programs that
is very little room for error. Small and Everyone has them. promote and support designers of color. Its
minority-owned businesses rarely get a When unaddressed, implicit Project Pipeline program enrolls middle-
second chance if they underperform.” bias can muddle hiring practices, and high-school students into a summer
McKissack & McKissack’s own compensation, and promotions for camp that explores social inequities through
portfolio comprises 65 percent public minority architects. In conducting bias design. noma.net
and 35 percent private work. The high training with corporate and design firm
proportion of public work is not clients, Global Diversity Collaborative’s Designing in Color
uncommon among minority-owned Snipes has observed that résumés This social, online, and workshop platform
firms: Public agencies often mandate with ethnic-sounding names tend to invites architects, designers, artists,
participation by a minority business be judged unfavorably and receive less and students to share and discuss their
enterprise or women business enterprise consideration. Huang has observed an explorations of race, class, and social
to give firms, such as hers, a chance to industry tendency to attach cachet to justice. designingincolor.com
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70

Practice: for three days of activities, such as Latinos in Architecture

Increasing Diversity jobsite visits, model making, and virtual Originating as an AIA Dallas committee,
and Inclusion reality exploration. The experience allows this organization now has counterparts in
students to interact with architects and San Francisco, San Antonio, Fort Worth,
“get a good feel for what it means to and Austin. The group hosts lectures,
be a part of an architecture firm,” says exhibitions, and networking opportunities
partner Mitra Memari, aia. for Latinx/Hispanic architects and other
A member of the AIA Large Firm minorities, and acts as a liaison between
Roundtable (LFRT) task force on diversity, local communities and design professionals.
ZGF has committed to hiring summer Various AIA component websites
interns from historically black colleges
and universities. One Hampton University AIA San Francisco Equity by Design
student has already completed a The AIA San Francisco committee explores
three-month internship with the firm. equitable practice through events and
certain accents—usually European—and “We heard from the dean of the school activities that include quarterly workshops,
stigma to others, which “may affect how much she grew from experience,” biennial symposiums, a comprehensive
colleagues who immigrated when they Memari says. The firm hopes to turn the biennial survey of design professionals,
were teenagers.” internships into long-term mentorships. Twitter chats, and a blog with topics that
Intersectionality can multiply the Several Arup offices in major cities include disrupting bias, articulating values,
consequences of bias. For example, have also reached out to local commuter charting career paths, and designing
students of color who have to work two colleges through the company’s workplace culture. eqxdesign.com
jobs to support themselves or their Immersion Days initiative. Students,
families—and thus have limited time accepted through an application Hip Hop Architecture Camp
to spend in studio—may be viewed as process, are guaranteed an in-office Held in cities across the country, this free
weeklong camp uses hip-hop as a catalyst
to introduce middle-school students to
architecture and design. Students explore
design ideas by building models, using
Autodesk Tinkercad, and creating their
own rap—complete with a music video—
about their observations of their
neighborhoods and their design solutions.
hiphoparchitecture.com

mckissack: courtesy mckissack & mckissack; chow: raul lopez

Deryl McKissack Mina Chow

lazy or less dedicated by their professors interview for an internship or full-time 400 Forward
and peers. position. “Even if they don’t get a job Launched in 2017 when the 400th living
Even “positive” biases can impede with us either as intern or a graduate, African American woman achieved
advancement, says Mina Chow, aia, they’ll have better insight on the industry licensure, this organization aims to boost
adjunct associate architecture professor and their own résumés going forward,” the next generation of African American
at USC and founding principal of Los McConahey says. women architects—who currently make up
Angeles–based design and media Firms striving for more inclusive and only 0.2 percent of all licensed architects—
production studio Mc2 Spaces. “Any equitable work cultures can hire diversity through exposure to architecture,
type of stereotype,” she says, “is always and inclusion experts to evaluate mentorship, and financial assistance.
going to undermine who you might business practices for implicit bias and tiffanybrowndetroit.com
actually be as a human being.” create training to help eliminate them.
Arup’s diversity program grew out of Charter High School for
Firm Initiatives long-standing efforts to reduce gender Architecture and Design
Without personal connections and inequity, also a perennial problem in Offering a robust education in eight
a financial safety net, underserved engineering. The firm’s group leaders design-related majors, this Philadelphia
students can have trouble landing “felt it was too limited to only look at high school has a graduation rate of
internships. ZGF’s Los Angeles office gender diversity in the Americas,” 93 percent. chadphila.org
has formalized a summer shadowing McConahey says. “They wanted to be
program that hosts high school students looking at underrepresented minorities
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72

Practice: a founding DIAG member. Membership and visibility or impact for staff. Recent
Increasing Diversity to DIAG is voluntary and lasts two years. examples include a lunch-and-learn
and Inclusion All on-boarding members undergo in Arup’s San Francisco and Oakland,
diversity and inclusion training. Calif., offices and a forum in Los Angeles
This year, following a DIAG where staff and leadership shared
recommendation to firm partnership, personal takes on the meaning of an
the entire ZGF staff will receive training, inclusive work culture, and the impact of
Memari says. DIAG will develop one’s background and culture on identity
initiatives to promote engagement and career choices, respectively.
by each office with their respective Last year, Arup relaunched training
communities. In Los Angeles, for to mitigate unconscious bias for all
example, this means continuing its 250 leaders and supervisors in North
participation with the local NOMA America. The training is designed
chapter’s Project Pipeline camp. Each to support not only a merit-based
and to make sure that all of our staff get office is tasked with holding at least two promotion and appraisal process, but
the same opportunity for development community-related activities per quarter. also broader inclusion efforts, Lederer
toward promotability.” At the end of the year, DIAG will says. During salary reviews, a metrics
Perkins+Will had also undertaken evaluate progress based on a new worksheet provides group leaders with
efforts to promote diversity system of metrics that examine ZGF a snapshot of pay equity by level, tenure,
“intermittently” through the years, culture, statistical diversity, recruitment, ethnicity, and gender. These metrics
Bullock says. But it took an internal retention, education and training, and are shared at regional board meetings
position paper she authored in 2013 to community outreach and volunteerism. semiannually and, moreover, with all staff
crystallize a coherent diversity strategy. Since working with an outside via a digital report. This year, the firm will
Her writing followed a months-long consultant in 2012, Arup has intensified add a midyear report.
listening tour at each Perkins+Will Prior to college graduation season,
office that involved “difficult and employees involved in recruiting receive
uncomfortable conversations” with refreshers on the most prevalent biases,
representative groups, which offered which include favoring candidates with
feedback that further focused office a similar cultural background or college
training programs, developed in experience; emphasizing academic
conjunction with Snipes’ Global Diversity achievement and extracurricular
Collaborative, about topics including activities over work or life experience;
racial and gender equity. and not giving adequate consideration to
Mitra Memari
Since Perkins+Will has evaluated people skills.
its business for equitable practice, its efforts to create an inclusive Additionally, Arup offers a mentoring
its Leadership Institute, a yearlong workplace by focusing on four key circle program that assigns six to eight
development program to which areas—recruitment, pay and promotion employees to two senior members and
employees apply, is becoming more equity, development, and engagement— strategically mixes ethnicities, genders,
racially and gender diverse with each and establishing an equality, diversity, and experience levels.
class, Bullock says: “We’re moving in the and inclusion (EDI) governance model
right direction.” that “allows us to have the grassroots Final Thoughts
In 2013, ZGF established its internal efforts, which is where the best ideas With minorities projected to become the
Diversity and Inclusion Advocacy Group come from, [as well as] a firm leadership majority in the United States by 2045,
(DIAG) as a safe space for employees commitment that’s very visible to our firms that have embraced diversity,
to discuss firm bias and equity and to region,” says Dawn Lederer, chief human equity, and change will have an edge.
identify areas for improvement. One of resources officer for Arup Americas. The general population and the client
its first projects was a 2014 firm-wide The new structure consists of an EDI base are diversifying, says 400 Forward memari: courtesy zgf
employee engagement survey, which led executive committee, which sets strategy founder and SmithGroup project
to the creation of a task force to clarify for the entire North Americas region; manager Tiffany Brown, assoc. aia: “The
salary criteria and promotion timelines. group leaders; and EDI representatives way many architects have been doing
“People felt that there wasn’t enough at each office who drive local initiatives things the last 40 or 50 years—or even 20
transparency about rules and how and and efforts in three areas: awareness years—is not going to work if you want to
when you can move up,” notes Memari, and education, community outreach, continue to practice as an architect.”

> To read the full text of this article, earn continuing education credit, and obtain a certificate of completion, visit go.hw.net/ARED052019
and complete the quiz.
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76

Tech:
Here Come the Venture Capitalists

text by daniel davis

While the music industry was upended In a similar vein, tech entrepreneurs
by Apple, the taxi industry by Uber, and have been pushing the industry forward
the entertainment industry by Netflix, for decades, although not at the scale
the construction industry has largely we’re seeing today. Take the example of
escaped notice. But the reprieve has 3D modeling and visualization program
ended. A number of tech companies Rhino, which Seattle-based Robert
have made their move, flush with the McNeel & Associates began developing
capital to cause significant disruption. in 1992. Founder and CEO Bob McNeel
In 2015, Alphabet, the parent company tells me that though a dozen 3D drafting
of Google, launched New York–based companies existed at the time, only two
Sidewalk Labs, an organization that aims would become wildly successful: Bentley
to build Quayside, a new neighborhood Systems, the maker of MicroStation, and
in Toronto that “combines the best in Autodesk, the maker of AutoCAD. During
urban design with the latest in digital these early days of CAD, investors
technology.” In 2016, Tesla announced were more interested in companies like
its entrée into the roofing business Adobe, which already had a large user
with a photovoltaic shingle designed to base. What his company was doing,
“complement your home’s architecture.” McNeel says, was “so specialized and
And last year, Airbnb unveiled plans narrow that nobody paid any attention.”
to apply its disruptive business Instead, McNeel & Associates was
model “more broadly to architecture initially funded through consulting
Sears Home Model No. 52 (1908)
and construction,” throwing away gigs, developing AutoCAD plug-ins
conventional wisdom to “prototype new on: Hypar and Higharc are tackling and content for various architecture
ways that homes can be built.” design software, Leko Labs is taking firms—“bootstrapping” in today’s
A plethora of startups have also on fabrication systems, and Test startup parlance. Its main competitor
emerged, each of them promising Fit, Spacemaker, and ArchiStar are in the 3D modeling space was Alias,
to reimagine aspects of the building upending estimating software. which cost tens of thousands of dollars
industry. Prefabrication startups per license. (Alias was acquired by
FullStack Modular, Kasita, and Blokable Rhino Retrospective Autodesk in 2005 and still costs an
are each attempting to create a Of course, the profession is no stranger inordinate amount of money.) By
manufacturing-style production system to part-ambitious, part-naive upstarts introducing a lower-priced product,
for buildings. Well-funded, vertically from the outside. For example, Sears, Rhino disrupted the market and began
integrated organizations, namely Roebuck & Co. began selling housing to take off. Since McNeel & Associates
Katerra and WeWork (where I previously kits direct to consumers via mail-order had no outside shareholders, it could
worked as director of research), bring catalogs in 1908. Largely known for its decide its fate without the pressure
design, construction, and operations department stores, Sears sold 70,000 that many of today’s investor-backed
in-house rather than contracting it out. houses this way, with production only companies face to grow at any cost.
The list of startups setting up shop ceasing due to material shortages The company proceeded cautiously,
at every corner, every market, goes during World War II. avoiding seemingly obvious markets

> For more technology columns by Daniel Davis, visit bit.ly/ARDDavis.

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78

Tech: As companies battle to capture parts finance. For a firm accustomed to billing
Here Come the of this enormous industry, architects services by the hour, it may be difficult to
Venture Capitalists are finding themselves at the mercy of introduce and support a product-based
these larger changes in the economy. revenue stream.
Many firms I’ve spoken with are unfazed, Meanwhile, some academics sense
seeing their work as distinct to these change is in the air and are preparing
new ventures. But others expressed real their students for the new reality. At
concern that they are losing work and Yale University, Phil Bernstein, faia,
employees to well-funded newcomers. teaches a course that challenges
Some AEC companies have seized students to devise an architecture firm
the opportunity to start their own that creates profit through something
business offshoots. New York–based other than fixed or hourly fees. MIT’s
Thornton Tomasetti launched TTWiiN, School of Architecture and Planning
a discrete incubator that has partnered has started DesignX, an incubator
to instead develop tools for other with venture capitalists to commercialize that helps students and faculty launch
businesses to pursue said markets. “If the firm’s innovations. In Amsterdam, business ventures related to the built
they’re building something that makes UNStudio started UNSense, a startup environment. Courses teaching students
Rhino more useful, we’ll do whatever we aimed at “integrating sensorial adaptive to write business plans and launch
can to help them all out,” McNeel says. “I design into architectural output.” And startups can seem dull compared to the
don’t know how else to think about it.” conventional Instagram-ready curricula,
The result was a growing ecosystem but the former offers skills that are
of startups and consultancies that are central to the future of our profession as
built on Rhino. Responding to requests any aesthetic innovation.
from these businesses, McNeel &
Associates has begun developing Mission Versus Money
Rhino Inside and Rhino Compute, two Overall, it’s a good time to be an
platforms that make Rhino’s geometric architect—but a precarious time to
engine available in other software, own an architecture firm. Architects
something that may fuel the next have more opportunities than ever to
generation of disruptive startups. branch out, start companies with new
business models, and join organizations
Today’s Dollars outside the industry with better working
Investment in the building sector today conditions. Architecture firms, however,
dwarfs everything in the past. It’s have a lot hanging in the balance. Small
difficult to calculate exactly how much boutique firms are likely immune from
is being invested, but one estimate by most of these changes, the same way
CREtech puts the 2017 figure upward bespoke tailors survive in a world of
of $12 billion into real estate startups— mass-produced fashion. Larger firms
including construction, co-working, and are more likely to face headwinds,
Airbnb’s Backyard initiative reimagines
underwriting—with another $10 billion in particularly in sectors where they face
design prototyping.
2018. For context, the U.S. architectural well-funded competitors that are willing
services industry altogether is worth Philadelphia-based KieranTimberlake to lose money to gain market share.
about $45 billion, according to AIA. has tried productizing some internal The onslaught of outsiders eyeing
For the most part, investors aren’t tools, including Tally, a platform for architecture is significant. In the canon
going after architects, but rather the real calculating the environmental impact of architecture, the heroic catalyst of
prize: the $10 trillion global construction of building materials; Roast, a survey change has been designers: Frank Lloyd
industry. A February 2017 McKinsey platform for measuring occupant Wright conjuring the prairie house,
Global Institute report advocated for comfort; and Pointelist, a sensor Denise Scott Brown, hon. faia, and
courtesy samara

dramatic changes to the design and network for buildings. Robert Venturi giving us permission to
construction sectors, arguing that a Whether these efforts will succeed love Las Vegas and Postmodernism. In
manufacturing-style production system remains to be seen. Selling products has the future, the new agents of change
would boost productivity and save its own unique challenges when it comes may be consigned to nameless venture
$1.6 trillion per year. to marketing, product support, and capitalists and indomitable tech giants.
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82

Residential:
AEDS | Ammar Eloueini Digit-all Studio

text by aaron betsky

What do you get when you cross a New

Orleans shotgun house with a loft and lift
the whole thing above the flood plain? If
you have a powerful computer, a clever
engineer, and happen to be as good an
architect as Ammar Eloueini, aia, the
result could be the J-House: an elegantly
twisted steel-and-wood structure that
rises out of a standard lot to catch the
breeze, offer views of its surroundings,
and provide refuge from the potential of
rising floodwaters.
Eloueini moved his Paris-based
practice, AEDS | Ammar Eloueini
Digit-all Studio, to New Orleans in
2006—one year after Hurricane Katrina
devastated the region—to teach at
Tulane University’s School of Architecture.
He quickly became part of the local
effort to rethink how to design houses
in a city known equally for its beauty and
Aerial view of neighborhood from the northeast, showing the J-House at center right.
its vulnerability.
His solution, which he first developed
for an exhibition on housing prototypes,

courtesy aeds | ammar eloueini digit-all studio

liberates the stretched proportions of the
ubiquitous shotgun house—a typology
that was popularized in the area as a
Project Credits
response to the city’s standard long and
Project: J-House, New Orleans
narrow lots—by raising up the bulk of the Client: Ammar Eloueini, aia
inhabitable area 10 feet above grade. But Architect: AEDS | Ammar Eloueini Digit-all Studio, New Orleans . Ammar Eloueini, aia;
Jana Masset, aia, David Merlin, aia, Dan Kautz, Jamie Lookabaugh, Surawat Hanthawichai
instead of placing the volume on stilts or
(project team)
concrete bases, as many post-Katrina Mechanical Engineer: Comfort Engineered Systems
houses did, he wanted to make the act Structural Engineer: BuroHappold Engineering
Electrical Engineer: Ducote Electric
of that elevation integral to both the
Civil Engineer: BuroHappold Engineering
building’s structure and interior. This Construction Manager: Ammar Eloueini, aia; Jana Masset, aia
idea developed into a design comprising General Contractor: Ammar Eloueini, aia
two 11-foot-wide-by-21-foot-tall tubes— Lighting Designer: Paul Bakis
Skylight Engineer: Super Sky Products Enterprises
framed with 4-inch-by-8-inch steel Size: 2,200 square feet (main house); 800 square feet (guest house)
members—that twist around each other, Cost: Withheld

> For materials and sources information, visit bit.ly/J-House.

 5)&
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84

Residential: Section A–A1

AEDS | Ammar Eloueini
Digit-all Studio

Section B–B1

so that only two enclosed staircase

volumes touch the ground.
Eloueini decided put his concept
to the test and purchased one of those
long, narrow lots himself. He even found
a willing developer and investment Second-Floor Plan
partner—until the Great Recession hit.
By 2008, the architect was on his own.
He spent the next decade soldiering on
with a local contractor, help from his
friends at BuroHappold Engineering in
New York, and money and time he freed
up from his teaching and small practice.
The resulting house looks nothing
Ground-Floor Plan
like its neighbors but slides easily into
the rather confused context that makes
up the fabric of New Orleans outside of
its tourist areas. Eloueini observed all
the setback requirements and clad the
house in charred wood which, though
now a bit of a cliché in some architecture
circles, works well here both by offering
a sympathetic echo of the neighboring
C1
D1

wood-clad houses and by protecting the

structure against humidity and pests.
The house also responds to the A1 A
long tradition of single-family houses
as boxes that contain all their functions B B1
in abstract forms: “It is my response
to [Philip Johnson’s] Glass House,”
D

Eloueini says, “taking the type down to

the basic spaces and to fundamental
ideas about spatial conditions.” At the
J-House, you park directly underneath
the living room—perhaps more like at Le
Corbusier’s Villa Savoye than Johnson’s
house—and enter through one of the two
tongues that the house sends down to n

the ground. A staircase in a compressed 0 10 20

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Residential: Below: The charred-wood cladding on

the J-House (at left) is a reference to, and
AEDS | Ammar Eloueini
abstraction of, the materiality of other
Digit-all Studio houses in the neighborhood.

Right: In the second-floor living area,

white walls coated in paint from Farrow &
Ball arch over a floor made from DuPont
Corian in glacier white.

Section C–C1 Section D–D1

0 5 10

richard schulman
87
88

Residential:
AEDS | Ammar Eloueini The complex, curving
Digit-all Studio skylight over the living
area was fabricated by
Chukar Waterjet.

channel of space expands as you ascend

to the main living quarters. What you
see when you get there is the view—both
ends of the J-House are glazed voids.
The living area is barren of anything
but a small line of cupboards and
kitchen appliances on the south wall and
bookcases on the north wall. “I’m pretty
reserved and constrained, I guess,”
Eloueini says. “Not just in details, but
in needs; I am a man of little furniture
and a lot of books.” The living space
then flows east past both the entry stair
and a set of back stairs that descends
toward the rear of the property. It
extends further toward the bedroom at
the front of the house, where a volume
housing a bathroom and powder room
creates a modicum of privacy from the
living area as you lie in bed and look
out the floor-to-ceiling and wall-to-wall
picture window. “The main structure is
like a Klein bottle,” Eloueini says. It’s “a
continual space of living that lifts itself
up and lets you hover there.” the J-House under construction.) “I spent
The back stair—which is much more a decade of my life doing this, and I love
mundane than the entry one—descends that space, but I don’t want to become
past mechanical equipment to a small fetishistic about it,” he says. “It’s time to
backyard pool that is shaded by the let it go.”
cantilevered living room. On the other What Eloueini will bequeath to
side of the pool is an existing structure whoever buys the J-House is a refined
Eloueini renovated into a guest house. and simple structure whose complexity
Now that the house is finished, comes from one idea: a twist. It is a richard schulman
Eloueini plans to put it on the market. tribute to both his skill and his restraint
“It served its function,” he says. “It was a that he has carried out that notion with
showcase for me; it helped me get other such clarity that you can understand it—
commissions.” (In fact, he is currently inside and out, and in all its details—as The entry stair from the ground floor to the living
building a larger version of the same being a direct and masterful translation space ends in a view through a window wall from
design in Tasmania for a client who saw of that first move. Hope’s Windows.
90

Residential:
AEDS | Ammar Eloueini
Digit-all Studio

Above: A cavelike carport under the J-House

is lined with permeable pavers and gives
access to both the main entry stair (at richard schulman
right) and back stair volume (at left); the
renovated guest house can been seen past
the pool beyond.

Left: Light fixtures from Viabizzuno

illuminate both the interior and the site.
You Deserve More.

The premiere website for practicing architects—featuring news,

project galleries, continuing education, blogs, videos and more
is architectmagazine.com.

> More projects > More products > More critiques

> More tech > More news > More business

Get more today at architectmagazine.com

CONTINUING EDUCATION

INNOVATIVE MATERIALS HELP ENERGY Presented by:

INNOVATION CENTER EARN LEED PLATINUM

CERTIFICATION AND HISTORIC TAX CREDITS
THE CONNELLEY LEGACY CONTINUES
The Clifford B. Connelley Technical Institute opened in 1931 as a
Depression-era workforce development facility where students learned
essential trades such as plumbing, carpentry, and mechanics. Connelly
educated generations of skilled tradespeople and workers from
Pittsburgh and the surrounding region but closed in 2005 after years
of declining enrollment. Many educators and city leaders continued to
advocate for a renewed investment in vocational education, particularly
at a time when labor shortages in the construction industry were at
an all-time high. In addition, sustainable design is on the rise, so the
industry needs skilled laborers familiar with these innovative green
materials and technologies. Mayor Bill Peduto called for a “Pittsburgh
Connelley for the 21st century,” and today their vision has materialized
in the new Energy Innovation Center (EIC).3

HISTORICAL FACTS ABOUT THE

SITE AND ARCHITECTURE4
• The school is located in the Hill District neighborhood of Pittsburgh, a historically
African-American cultural and business hub
• The school was sited high on a hill so it could remain above the air pollution that
plagued Pittsburgh
• The architect, Edward B. Lee, was known for his work on academic buildings
• The original main entrance is flanked by symmetrical academic wings, a
characteristic of its Classical Revival architectural style
• The shop building was designed to mimic an actual 1930s factory, and its unique
saw-tooth roof was designed to maximize natural interior light
• Students at the Connelley School learned plastering, bricklaying, plumbing, auto
LEARNING OBJECTIVES mechanics, carpentry, cabinetry, electrical, agriculture, commercial arts, home
economics, cosmetology, and nursing, among other skills
Upon completion of this course the student will be able to:
1. Explore the history of the Energy Innovation Center—Pittsburgh project and how
LEED Platinum Certification and Historic Tax Credits were achieved simultaneously.
2. Review how closed-cell spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation met wall
assembly challenges.
3. Explore how polyiso board insulation met roofing design challenges at the Energy
Innovation Center.
4. Describe how two-component waterborne polyurethane coatings were used on
both concrete and wood floorings, as well as for an innovative wall coating.

CONTINUING EDUCATION
AIA CREDIT: 1 LU/ELECTIVE
AIA COURSE NUMBER: AR052019-1
Use the learning objectives above to focus your study as you read this article. To earn
credit and obtain a certificate of completion, visit http://go.hw.net/AR052019-1 and
complete the quiz for free as you read this article. If you are new to Hanley Wood The Clifford B. Connelley Technical Institute opened in 1931 as a Depression-era workforce development
University, create a free learner account; returning users log in as usual. facility where students learned essential trades such as plumbing, carpentry, and mechanics.

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provides a moisture barrier.1
Laboratory, and industry partners, the historic
Polyiso board insulation
school has been transformed into a 200,000
A closed-cell, rigid foam board insulation consisting
square foot, LEED Platinum multi-disciplinary of a foam core sandwiched between two facers.
campus. The Energy Innovation Center is a The facers are composed of various organic and
not-for-profit organization with a mission to inorganic materials, usually paper and fiberglass. It
engage corporate and community leaders, align is widely used in residential and commercial markets
workforce development and education, develop for both roof and side wall applications.2
and demonstrate technology, and incubate Aromatic hardener
businesses to support emerging clean and A reactive component of a two component coating
system with an amber to brown color. An aromatic
sustainable energy markets.5
hardener reacts with the resin side to produce a
This 6.6 acre, urban commercial complex is coating film that is not light stable and will yellow
The Energy Innovation Center is a leader in green adaptive reuse, as over time when exposed to sunlight or ambient
a collaborative hub that promotes energy- the design of its building and grounds meets the highest standards
light sources.
sector research and innovation and creates of sustainability and energy efficiency while preserving the historical
direct and deliberate bridges to job creation, character of the building. Aliphatic hardener
A reactive component of a two component coating
entrepreneurship, and urban economic system that is water-clear. An aliphatic hardener
sustainable footprint. Drawing on the Connelley
revitalization to support the Pittsburgh reacts with the resin side to produce a coating film
legacy, the new Energy Innovation Center is
region’s emerging clean technologies.6 EIC is that is very light stable and will not yellow over time
connecting sustainable careers aligned with the
located in the heart of Pittsburgh’s Historic when exposed to sunlight or ambient light sources.
region’s changing economy.
Lower Hill District, a neighborhood located Solventborne (SB) carrier
between several major research university SIMULTANEOUS GOALS OF LEED PLATINUM Coating where the primary co-solvent is an organic
campuses and the downtown central business solvent which may or may not be classified as a VOC.
CERTIFICATION AND HISTORIC TAX CREDITS
district. This building serves as a ‘living Waterborne (WB) carrier
laboratory' for industry education and training, The energy technology innovation cluster Coating where the primary co-solvent is water,
accommodating hundreds of students in 28 in the Pittsburgh region has a rich history although it may still contain a small amount of
and a promising future. World-class capacity organic solvent which may or may not be a VOC.
apprentice programs. The EIC also houses
diverse tenants, including a national research exists here in areas ranging from carbon Polyurethane dispersion (PUD)
management to nuclear reactor design, wind Typically contains a polymer dispersion
laboratory, energy sector corporations, political
turbine manufacturing, materials and sensors, primarily composed of a polyester, polyether, or
and community leaders, numerous nonprofits polycaprolactone resin pre-reacted with an aliphatic
and businesses, a co-working space, design electric power distribution and control, shale hardener and dispersed in an aqueous carrier.
lab, and five Pittsburgh universities.7 The gas production, and advanced building Additional additives may include pigments, flow and
basement alone will house a 9,500-square-foot systems.8 The Energy Innovation Center is a leveling additives, and/or defoaming agents.
Community Kitchen facility to engineer new leader in green adaptive reuse, as the design One-component (1K) coating
ways to make high volumes of food using fewer of its building and grounds meets the highest Ready to use out of the can, moisture cure (MC) or
chemicals, electricity, paper, and gas. standards of sustainability and energy efficiency polyurethane dispersion (PUD).
while preserving the historical character of Two-component (2K) coating
Energy Innovation Center—Pittsburgh is the building. Through an integrated design- Contains a formulated resin component and a
designed and equipped by corporate partners build process, EIC designers and engineers hardener component.
such as building material manufacturers, lighting innovated to optimize the performance of Rehabilitation
manufacturers, and a power company. High-tech vendor components. The EIC has earned LEED The process of returning a property to a state
building materials can be found throughout the Platinum certification and meets the stringent of utility, through repair or alteration, which
facility, showcasing chemistry as a sustainable makes possible an efficient contemporary use
2013 District energy, water, and transportation
while preserving those portions and features of
solution and helping the EIC maintain its emissions reduction targets.9 the property which are significant to its historic,
architectural, and cultural values.
RENOVATION CHALLENGES In addition, the building is listed on the
National Register of Historic Places and is a Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for
The Energy Center is an 85-year old education Rehabilitation
Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation
facility, providing three renovation challenges: Used to determine if rehabilitation of a historic
Historic Landmark, making it one of the property qualifies as a Certified Rehabilitation
• The building had little or no insulation
only LEED Platinum designed structures to for Federal tax purposes. The Standards intend to
• The renovation had historical landmark
requirements
qualify for Historic Tax Credits in the nation. assist the long-term preservation of a property's
According to architects DLA+, “The decision significance through the preservation of historic
• The renovation needed to meet LEED materials and features.
platinum standards to adaptively reuse and renovate the historic
Connelley Pittsburgh’s Hill District to save

SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

CONTINUING EDUCATION

a part of Pittsburgh’s heritage was no easy Tax Credit program.11 This unique combination
vision. Its Trade School in landmark status, the of historic preservation and highly sustainable
obsolete mechanical systems, and a building architecture has proven very successful.
that was practically inaccessible according to
today's ADA standards were only a few of the EIC AND SUSTAINABILITY PARTNERS
hurdles. However, the greatest challenge lay Buildings are responsible for 40 percent
in the simultaneous goals of LEED Platinum of global energy consumption and about
certification and historic tax credits. A year-long one-third of the greenhouse gases emitted
process of negotiations and design reviews with to our atmosphere. However, a lot can be
the Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation done to make buildings more environmentally
Office and the National Park Service (NPS) compatible. Through their partnership, the EIC
ensued. Time and again, innovative green worked with building product manufacturers
design had to be balanced against the directive to educate about the ways buildings can
to preserve character-defining features of the be designed sustainably and operated more
historic school building while also meeting the efficiently. Today, buildings must consume less
competing goals of the client.” energy and emit lower amounts of greenhouse
Many historic structures such as the Connelley gases. They must be durable and efficient, and
School were designed with inherent energy- meet the demands for comfort and design.
saving qualities including operable windows, Choosing innovative and appropriate materials
ample natural light sources, clerestory windows and solutions helps improve the performance of
and skylights, wide, overhanging eaves, or buildings and the quality of people's lives.12
heavy masonry walls. Due to these features, Efficiency in building is not just a matter of
historic preservation, energy efficiency, and having the right parts; it also depends on how An application area of 56,000 square feet of closed-cell SPF was
environmental sensitivity are not mutually you assemble the whole. At the EIC, the design- installed throughout the EIC to ensure continuous insulation that
exclusive, as was proven at EIC.10 Now, the build team followed efficiency principles to helps eliminate thermal breaks and seals the building envelope to
facility has achieved LEED Platinum rating and optimize insulation value.
optimize the performance of the whole system:
has the potential to be one of the highest
• Data collection and transfer state-of-the-art equipment, and got tangible
rated LEED Core and Shell projects ever. The
EIC design team met the Secretary of the • Continuous commissioning results in that effort,” explains Bill Miller, CEO
Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation, and the of the EIC.
• Measurement and verification
Owner was awarded a 20% tax credit of $6.5 SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM PROVES
• Heating and cooling13
Million through the Rehabilitation Investment TO BE AN ECONOMICAL INVESTMENT16
There were, of course, myriad building materials
used in the renovation of the EIC building, but It may seem preposterous today, but when the
this course will discuss two uses of polyurethane Connelley Technical Institute was built insulation
insulation and two types of architectural was not incorporated into the construction.
coatings that were employed to improve energy When renovations began in 2011, adding
efficiency, provide durable surfaces, and meet high-quality insulation to the building's exterior
historic preservation standards. was mandatory to meet the building's energy
efficiency goals (and provide occupant comfort
POLYURETHANE INSULATION— through Pittsburgh’s cold winters and hot
MULTI-PURPOSE INSULATION CHOICE summers). After examining several types of
insulation, the project team chose closed-cell
Highly insulative polyurethane foam was used
spray polyurethane foam due to its several
throughout the roof and walls of the EIC during
unique benefits. Closed-cell SPF has nonintrusive
its renovation to help improve the performance of
versatility, high R-Value, moisture resistance, adds
the facility’s building envelope. Closed-cell spray
structural strength, and provides a drainage plan
polyurethane foam (SPF) was used in the wall
when installed as continuous insulation.
systems, providing continuous insulation to create
an airtight seal and eliminate thermal breaks.14 “Historic buildings generally have greater potential
Polyiso board insulation was used for the EIC for air leakage, and traditional insulation methods
roofing system, which allowed for a cost-effective, do not combat this,” says Joe Morrone, the EIC
high-performance roof system. It features project manager with InsulRight, the company
environmentally-friendly construction with zero that installed the spray foam at the Center.
ozone-depleting components and is CFC-free.15 “Buildings perform as a system and insulation
plays a big role in that system. Maintaining the
Through their partnership, the EIC worked with building product “We used a well-thought-out approach to
manufacturers to educate about the ways buildings can be designed air movement throughout a building helps all the
improve the efficiency of the shell and installed
sustainably and operated more efficiently. mechanicals perform as designed.”
SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION
CONTINUING EDUCATION

While there are multiple choices of spray QUIZ

polyurethane foam insulation available, specifiers
often choose closed-cell SPF for exterior 1. The Energy Innovation Center received historic tax credits and LEED ________ Certification.
applications since it creates a continuous layer of a. Silver b. Gold
highly water-resistant insulation. An application c. Platinum
area of 56,000 square feet of closed-cell SPF
was installed throughout the EIC to ensure 2. _____________ was used in the wall systems at EIC, providing continuous insulation to create an airtight seal
continuous insulation that helps eliminate and eliminate thermal breaks.
a. Polyiso board insulation b. Spray polyurethane foam
thermal breaks and seals the building envelope
c. Mineral wool d. Fiberglass insulation
to optimize insulation value. With closed-cell SPF,
the building did not need an additional building
3. ______________ was used for the EIC roofing system, which allowed for a cost-effective, high-performance roof system.
wrap as a drainage plane, which cut back on
a. Polyiso board insulation b. Spray polyurethane foam
renovation time and resources.
c. Mineral wool d. Fiberglass insulation
Additionally, closed-cell SPF products can offer
a low installation cost and design flexibility, 4. Spray polyurethane foam helped the Energy Innovation Center achieve a ______ percent savings in their gas utilities.

helping to create a durable and efficient thermal a. 42 b. 56

envelope. It is installed using a chemical blowing c. 68 d. 74

agent that is retained inside the polymer cells

5. Polyiso board is a _________ product, which means that it will not change shape or melt when exposed to
to form a rigid, dense foam. This rigidity and elevated temperature.
density provides an enhanced air barrier, limits a. Thermoset b. Thermoplastic
moisture ingress, and can add structural integrity c. Thermoformed
to a building’s exterior. SPF can be used to
insulate much more than just walls, providing 6. _______ hardeners are more color stable, so the polymer does not break down and yellow over time.
insulation, sealing, and strength for ceilings, a. Aromatic b. Aliphatic
floors, attics, foundations, and piping. c. Resin d. High-performance

“The old masonry walls of the building and 7. ____________ is an entanglement and reaction of polymer chains that increases physical strength and chemical resistance.
vapor retarding properties of closed cell spray a. Hydrogen bonding b. Crosslinking
polyurethane foam were major driving forces c. Dispersion
behind the decision to use [closed-cell SPF] for
this project,” Morrone says. “Framing sizes 8. Properties of 2K waterborne coatings include which of the following?
also came into play. The high R-Value per inch a. Excellent durability b. Excellent color
of closed cell allowed the contractor to reduce c. Excellent gloss d. All of the above
the framing size and still achieve the desired
thermal performance in the building envelope.” 9. 80 percent or more of coating or sealer failures are due to _________.
a. Poor surface preparation b. Application issues
Spray polyurethane foam provides additional value c. Wrong coating
by helping to minimize heating and cooling bills
over time and serves as a moisture and air barrier, 10. A _______________ was used to coat an original 5/4" maple wood floor that was installed in what used to be
which can eliminate the need to install separate a machine shop training room.
air or moisture management systems. In some a. 100% solids epoxy basecoat b. 2K waterborne polyurethane topcoat
situations, the use of closed-cell SPF alone can c. 2K waterborne polyurethane clear coat
reduce fuel bills. And at the EIC, the installation
of this insulation, thermal windows, updated
climate systems, and low-energy appliances and
lighting have already resulted in significant utility SPONSOR INFORMATION
bill savings. “We were able to cut energy usage in
half,” Miller says. “Our energy model predicted a
57 percent reduction in energy from our baseline
and our numbers [actuals] are coming in pretty
close to that. The building had no insulation, and
everything was from the 1930s, so our baseline
model was pretty bad.”
As an innovation leader in the development of high performance coating and sealant raw material technologies,
Covestro, LLC enables architects, designers and building owners by providing real world solutions for built

ª This article continues on

http://go.hw.net/AR052019-1.
Go online to read the rest of the article and
environment challenges. Covestro, LLC develops coating and sealant solutions for flooring, interior and exterior
walls and trim, and roofing and waterproofing with high performance and sustainability in mind.

complete the corresponding quiz for credit.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

SPACE PLANNING FOR

A NEW GENERATION
USING BIM SOFTWARE TO UNDERSTAND AND ACCOMMODATE THE MILLENNIAL MARKET
Presented by:

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this article, you should be able to:
1. Analyze the role that Millennials have to future
building project management and technology needs.
2. Rethink space planning methodology based on
a new generation and how to make a space
functional within a larger urban context.
3. Explore the capabilities of BIM software and how
it brings efficiency to communication and space
planning when managing project requirements,
constraints and opportunities.
4. Examine case studies where building professionals
used BIM software to enhance the space, human
connectedness, and sustainability of the occupants.

CONTINUING EDUCATION
AIA CREDIT: 1 LU/ELECTIVE
AIA COURSE NUMBER: AR052019-2
IDCEC CREDIT: 0.1 CEU/HSW
IDCEC COURSE NUMBER: CEU-108824
Use the learning objectives above to focus
your study as you read this article. To earn
credit and obtain a certificate of completion,
visit http://go.hw.net/AR052019-2 and complete
the quiz for free as you read this article. If you are
new to Hanley Wood University, create a free learner
account; returning users log in as usual.

Image courtesy of: http://www.hamonic-masson.com.

INTRODUCTION: PLANNING FOR A polarization in America. Politically, many growing up just as television was becoming
NEW GENERATION1 Millennials were also of age to vote in 2008, and commonplace. Similarly, Millennials were
the election of America’s first black president growing up as the Internet was expanding
The Pew Research Center and Gallup define
marked social trends of diversity and inclusivity. and becoming part of everyday life. Millennials
Millennials as the 73 million people2 born
adapted to the use of different technological
between 1981 and 1996—the first generation Economically, Millennials were impacted by
tools and incorporated that technology into
of the new millennium.3 Identifying key the recession, which lasted roughly from 2007
their daily lives. Just as Baby Boomers set the
characteristics within generations, such as to 2009. Not only did the recession hurt the
tone for the way in which television was used
Millennials, and the ways in which generations nation’s and the world’s economies, but it
in ensuing generations, Millennials’ use of the
interact with one another involves identifying caused Millennials to get a slower start in life:
Internet determined the way Generation Z
which world events, social shifts, or it took them longer to find jobs based on their
would utilize it.
technological innovations influenced particular degrees, longer to start saving money, and
age groups. For example, most Millennials were longer to move out of their parents’ homes. Considering the events and advances that
old enough to remember the 9/11 terrorist helped shape each generation can lead to a
attacks and witness the way those attacks As well as politics, economics, and social
deeper understanding of why generational
reshaped the world. The ensuing wars in Iraq considerations, generations are marked by the
groups hold certain viewpoints. Discovering
and Afghanistan also impacted Millennials and technology that is being developed as they
what drives and influences a generation can,
denoted the beginning of extreme political come of age. For example, Baby Boomers were
in turn, lead to better business decisions.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

Generational Characteristics to their careers and employers, and have good might lack patience, want information quickly,
communication skills. Gen Xers are focused on and ultimately end up making decisions
Significant research has been done on
results, have a high degree of brand loyalty, with confidence. As opposed to Gen Xers,
generational characteristics, attributes, and
and are willing to put in extra time to finish a Millennials appreciate extra attention and
interactions. The West Midland Family Center
job. Millennials, on the other hand, are loyal to time spent explaining the pros and cons of
(WMFC), a non-profit organization that focuses
peers rather than employers, offer respect for what is being sold. Because Millennials are
on generational well-being and quality of life,
competency rather than for status, are attached civic-minded, companies that are socially
outlines traits of the Silent Generation, Baby
to their technology, have not lived without or environmentally conscious will have the
Boomers, Gen X, and Millennials in an effort to
computers, and focus on making changes in competitive edge. They typically are not brand
serve them better.4
the world using technology. loyal, and if another company offers a better
The WMFC notes that some core values of the deal or service, they transfer their business.
In an article titled, “Selling to All Generations:
Silent Generation are that they are stable, loyal In terms of communication, Millennials prefer
Cross-generational Differences Can Make or
savers who adhere to rules, work hard, and emails or even text messages. They are further
Break Your Sales Success,” Diane Thielfoldt,
are willing to make sacrifices. Baby Boomers willing to communicate with suppliers via blogs
co-founder of consulting firm The Learning
are team-oriented, willing to “spend now, pay and other social forums. Stressing a product’s
Café, details the ways in which knowledge
later,” optimistic, and express loyalty to their uniqueness, relating to their professional goals,
of the generational characteristics mentioned
children. Key traits of Gen Xers are that they and taking a collaborative approach can all help
above can help harness sales success. For
seek life balance, are cynical, think globally, are to win over the Millennial client.
instance, she notes that those in the Silent
technologically literate, and lack organizational
Generation appreciate practical services Overall, having generational knowledge of
loyalty. Both Millennials and Gen Xers are
and products, as well as straightforward a client, and creating targeted approaches
highly educated and value diversity and fun.
communications. Relationship-building is not throughout the sales process can help win
Millennials are even more technologically savvy
as important as “sticking to the business at new business. Thielfoldt recommends that
than Gen Xers, want things immediately rather
hand.” They are loyal to the companies they when closing a sale with individuals from the
than having to wait, are competitive, and are
make purchases from and expect loyalty in Silent Generation, it is best to summarize
avid consumers.
return, and, while they might be technologically their expectations, and then state how those
In terms of generational attributes, the WMFC literate, they still prefer face-to-face meetings.5 expectations will be met before asking for
notes that the Silent Generation will do more their business. When finalizing a sale to Baby
Thielfoldt further comments that like the
with less, have a linear work style and are Boomers, it is important to show the hard work
Silent Generation, Baby Boomers too prefer
hard-working, task-oriented, and loyal to that went in to winning their business. With
face-to-face meetings. While comfortable with
organizations and employers. Baby Boomers are Gen Xers, it is best to avoid pressure or hard
online communications, they tend to prefer
also task-oriented, handle crises well, are loyal selling. Being “direct, open, and understated,”
print. They also prefer to establish personal
as well as being willing to educate, inform,
relationships with those they do business
and answer their questions, will essentially
GLOSSARY with, intertwining business results with close
“let Gen Xers close themselves.” Finally,
Baby Boomers—the generation born roughly relationships. Linking a product with a vision,
Millennials are receptive to companies who
between 1946 and 1964 mission, or values is a good start at opening
provide service in the community, donate
Branching—designing for different scenarios dialog and establishing a relationship.
to charities, are sustainable, and are socially
Building Information Modeling (BIM) Software— Gen Xers are slightly more skeptical than and environmentally responsible. A company
generates and manages representations of physical Boomers and the Silent Generation when it that focuses on those wants, as well as
and functional characteristics of space; aids
comes to business. After learning about a demonstrates the relevance of their product,
collaboration and communication.
product from a representative or company, can reach an agreement with Millennials one
Generation X—the generation born roughly
they will do their own research to find out step at a time.
between 1965 and 1980
more. They will also consult with peers about
Iterative design—a user need is identified, a GENERATIONAL SUCCESS: HOW
products and often rely on word of mouth
prototype is developed and tested, the design is MILLENNIALS LIVE, WORK, AND USE SPACE6
amended, and a new prototype is developed or networks to provide them with more
Millennials—the generation born roughly between
information. Unlike the generations before According to Gallup, Millennials are not
1981 and 2000 them, Gen Xers would rather communicate via positioned for success in the same way as
Mulit-generational households—a household
email or over the phone. Establishing personal earlier generations. Millennials strive for
consisting of at least two adult generations relationships in business does not interest well-being in the workplace and for financial
The Silent Generation—the generation born roughly
them that much, and they prefer working security. They want to be emotionally and
between 1900 and 1945 with those who “get to the point.” Being behaviorally engaged in the workplace, be in
Third places—first created and defined by
direct from the outset goes over favorably. jobs that offer at least 30 hours of work per
sociologist Ray Oldenburg; places between work Finally, Thielfoldt notes that Millennials are week, earn regular paychecks, and live a life
and home where people can relax, be entertained,
somewhat paradoxical. They often need time of purpose by being active in the community
build relationships, and exchange ideas. and having meaningful social ties. For many
to make a decision and will refer to managers
First place—home; Second place—work
or peers for guidance. That being said, they Millennials, a life well-lived means having
money to spend on wants, not just needs.
SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION
CONTINUING EDUCATION

However, Gallup notes that only 29% of year-olds were living in multigenerational CASE STUDY: VILLANOVA ICÔNE20
Millennials report feeling engaged in work, households. Pew Research further notes that
only half report feeling satisfied with the in 2014, for the ages between 18 and 34,
amount of money they have to spend, and “living with parents surpassed other living
only 40% are “thriving” by any of Gallup’s arrangements for the first time in more than
definitions of well-being. 130 years.”
Each generation’s ability to live well ultimately Millennials and “Third Places”
affects the strength of the marketplace.
Taking these statistics into consideration, the
If Millennials continue to struggle to find
Brookings Institute has recognized a trend in
purpose, financial security, and good jobs,
urban planning called “third places.” “Third
those hardships will eventually be reflected in all
places,” first created and defined by sociologist
aspects of their behavior as citizens, employees, Image courtesy of: http://www.hamonic-masson.com
Ray Oldenburg, “refers to places where people
and consumers. Understanding what drives
spend time between home (‘first’ place) and Construction of 120 housing units + retail
Millennials and the ways in which they are
work (‘second’ place).” People can relax, Location: Northwest of Paris, Genevilliers, ZAC
both similar to and different from previous Chandon-République, Genevilliers, 92.
find entertainment, build relationships, and
generations can help business owners and Calendar: Under construction.
exchange ideas in third places.9
other leaders create the kind of engagement Client: NEXITY.
that leads to the creation of better workplace Architecture team: Hamonic+Masson & Associés
environments, better products, and better ways Surface: 8 000 m2, 7 750 m2 housing + 250 m2 retail.
of attracting clients. In 2015, the architecture firm Hamonic+Masson &
Associés won a competition to design the Villanova
Statistically Comparing Generations: Icône project, an urban apartment building in
Where and How Millennials Live France, for French property developer Nexity. This
award-winning firm was founded in 1997 and is
When the Silent Generation was in their 20s expanding internationally. A leader in the European
and 30s, 67% lived in a metropolitan area, architecture scene, Hamonic+Masson works with
public and private owners to create all types of
leaving 33% to live in non-metropolitan
projects, including housing, public equipment,
areas. Similarly, at the same age, 68% of Baby business real estate, infrastructure, and more.
Boomers lived in metropolitan areas. More Their Villanova Icône building is located at the
recently, however, more than 8 in 10 Gen Xers junction of three different urban settings just
(84%) lived in metropolitan areas at those northwest of Paris in the town of Gennevilliers:
ages, and today, approximately 9 out of 10 the Agnettes sector, the Chandon-République
Millennials, or 88%, live in urban settings. eco-district, and the Calmette sector.
The design team was challenged to create a building
The ways in which Millennials occupy urban with complex morphology. The project has many
spaces is also changing, and more of them exterior balconies and terrace spaces, and using
are living in multigenerational households. In BIM software helped them manage the interior and
exterior passages in detailed drawings. “The principle
this instance, “multigenerational households”
of layers allows us to easily change between interior,
can be defined as consisting of two adult exterior, and isolated spaces,” said Gaëlle Hamonic,
generations. In 2016, 33% of 25 to 29 founding partner. “[BIM software] facilitates the
Image courtesy of: http://www.pewresearch.org conception and completion of complex projects. It
is efficient and functions well with our architectural
style and our concept development.”
A landscaped garden at the heart of the building’s
ground floor blends in with the surroundings
and ultimately becomes part of a local park—an
important factor in the design, as the building is
located within an eco-friendly district. The ground
level contains shops, porches, and hallways that add a
richness to the pedestrian level, while the apartments
are situated in a fanned-out array, giving the 17-story
building a distinctive look while adding architectural
richness to the façades. The design lends itself to a
sense of community, as residents can find third places
to relax, socialize, and enjoy the outdoors all within
their apartment complex.
The team of engineers, landscape designers,
economists, and construction contractors have
worked hard to ensure the success of the project.
The building is currently under construction and will
be finished in early 2020.

SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

CONTINUING EDUCATION

Many young Americans have started to use QUIZ

virtual spaces as third places, and brick and
mortar establishments are at risk of becoming 1. According to the course materials, there are approximately how many Millennials?
obsolete. However, Oldenburg notes that a. 23 million b. 52 million
brick and mortar third places that people visit c. 73 million d. 86 million
regularly can build a sense of community and
belonging through conversation and physical 2. When the silent generation was in their 20s and 30s, ___% lived in a metropolitan area.
interaction, the equivalent of which cannot be a. 57 b. 67
achieved online. c. 25 d. 45

Adding to the risk for brick and mortar 3. ___________ places are spaces between home and work where people can relax, be entertained, build relationships,
establishments is zoning that bans commercial and exchange ideas.
establishments in residential areas. Many a. First b. Second
Americans who live in the suburbs must use c. Third d. Fourth
cars to get anywhere conveniently and then
often head to box stores rather than more 4. According to the course materials, which generation currently dominates the housing market?

intimate independent establishments. Another a. The Silent Generation b. Baby Boomers

contributor, according to Brookings, is that c. Gen Xers d. Millennials

some suburbs are experiencing higher levels of

5. When asked in a 2015 NAHB survey, homebuilders specified things to do with __________ as four of the top features
poverty than some cities. Brick and mortar third they would like to include in a new home.
places in both cities and suburbs could help a. Energy-efficiency b. Storage space
residents establish the connections that lead to c. Kitchen Equipment d. Interior space
social and economic well-being.
6. Which two generations comprise the majority of the AEC industry?
Solutions to dwindling physical third places
a. The Silent Generation and Baby Boomers b. Baby Boomers and Gen Xers
can be to change zoning laws in residential
c. Baby Boomers and Millennials d. Gen Xers and Millennials
areas and to improve bus routes. Free Wi-Fi
in public spaces also attracts people from a 7. Which of the following describe features of BIM software?
variety of generations. Finally, retrofitting public a. Users can freely sketch, model, and document designs with precision drafting capabilities and a flexible 3D
spaces in both suburbs and cities and exploring modeling engine
new architectural options can further lead to b. Information is easy to quantify and analyze
revitalization of the physical third place and c. It is possible to automate schedules, calculate costs, and analyze energy efficiency
economic growth. d. All of the above

Cities vs. Suburbs10 8. According to Cowdy, the ability to convert their work into 3D models early on in the design process is an advantage
of what type of software?
While statistics show that the majority of
a. BIM b. Integrated web-design
Millennials are living in the city, it is not clear
c. User-enhanced technology d. None of the above
whether that trend will continue. Writing
for CityLab, Kriston Capps asserts that there 9. Smart Carpet, an “intelligent street system” that has modular furniture, LED paving, and kinectic energy generation”
are currently two theories regarding where can be endlessly reconfigured is in which city?
Millennials will ultimately reside. The first theory a. New York b. Paris
is that Millennials will remain in urban spaces, c. London d. Rome
taking advantage of the diversions and diversity.
The other theory is that Millennials want to 10. The following characteristics—focus on making changes in the world using technology, loyal to peers rather than
employers, socially and environmentally conscious—describe which generation?
live in the suburbs but cannot afford the same
a. The Silent Generation b. Baby Boomers
lifestyle their parents espoused.
c. Gen Xers d. Millennials

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3D PRINTING AUTOMATES PRECAST Presented by:

CONCRETE FABRICATION PROCESS IN

LARGE MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this article, you should be able to:
1. Demonstrate why prefabrication is an efficient and
cost-effective building practice.
2. Examine 3D printing technology and how it can be
used in the precast concrete system manufacturing
industry to produce prefabricated components.
3. Explain what precast concrete is and how 3D
printing is being used to manufacture precast
concrete forms.
4. Explore a case study where 3D printing was used to
fabricate precast concrete forms that were then used
to construct windows for a large mixed-use project
in Brooklyn, NY.

CONTINUING EDUCATION
AIA CREDIT: 1 LU/ELECTIVE
AIA COURSE NUMBER: AR052019-3

Use the learning objectives above to focus

your study as you read this article. To earn
credit and obtain a certificate of completion,
visit http://go.hw.net/AR052019-3 and complete
the quiz for free as you read this article. If you are
new to Hanley Wood University, create a free learner
account; returning users log in as usual.

A RISE IN PREFABRICATION MEETS is driving the construction industry to seek The building industry is
SHIFTING INDUSTRY PRIORITIES now embracing digital
ways to reduce their dependence on traditional tools such as computer
onsite labor. numerical control
Prefabrication is the practice of assembling
(CNC) technology,
components of a structure in a factory or Another significant shift is that the building 3D modeling, and
other manufacturing site and transporting industry is now embracing digital tools such as Building Information
complete assemblies or sub-assemblies to the computer numerical control (CNC) technology, Modeling (BIM),
making prefabrication
construction site where the structure is to be 3D modeling, and Building Information and communication
located.1 The design and construction industry Modeling (BIM), making prefabrication and amongst building
did not more fully embrace the prefabrication communication amongst building professionals professionals easier.
concept until recently because it had not been easier. Environmental views are also changing
well-integrated into their traditional business regarding construction waste, recycling and
model, but industry priorities are shifting. Many re-use of materials, and the product supply
precast concrete manufacturers are working chain. Prefabrication is beneficial in each
as design assist firms and are more involved in of these regards because building elements
the project from the planning stage through are manufactured in factories to very tight
construction so are able to communicate the tolerances, minimizing waste and simplifying
benefits of prefabricated components to clients. the supply chain. In addition, greater
Also, the ongoing construction labor shortage productivity and improved safety measures

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

are now high priorities in the industry. and streamlined because detailed planning is each layer. The finished digital file is upload to a
Prefabrication increases productivity because accomplished up front. Prefabrication also aids highly calibrated printer, and it begins printing.
factory production is more efficient and makes in the sequencing of trades, as prefabricated 3D printers typically have a compartment, box,
job sites safer because there are fewer trades components are sorted and loaded onto trucks, or vat to work in and employ nozzles and/or
people climbing scaffolding and wielding tools, minimizing onsite handling, and their delivery lasers that lay down the material and then cures
as is the case with onsite construction. is scheduled so the appropriate trades can be each layer. The printer extrudes the printing
onsite only when needed. material, which forms the printed object.
Benefits of Prefabrication
Printing materials can include ABS plastic,
Finally, the controlled environment of a
Incorporating prefabricated building nylon, resin, ceramic material, or metals such as
factory improves quality and precision
components into a design helps project teams steel, gold, or silver, among others.2
of components, increases fabrication
meet their budget and provides a higher return
productivity, improves the safety of trades, GLOSSARY
on investment (ROI). Fewer trades are needed
and means weather is not as much a factor,
onsite, resulting in lower labor costs, and Prefabrication
which are all important considerations of the The practice of assembling components of a structure
buildings can go into service quicker, with far
design and construction industry. in a factory or other manufacturing site, and
less potential for weather related delay, shifting
transporting complete assemblies or sub-assemblies
the cost burden more quickly from the owner 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFORMS for final assembly and installation at the construction
to tenants once their leases begin. THE INDUSTRY site where the structure is to be located.
Material efficiency is a very important benefit of 3D printing is an additive manufacturing process Computer numerical control (CNC) technology
prefabrication. Component sizes and dimensions A process used in the manufacturing sector that
that creates a three-dimensional object by
involves the use of computers to control machine
are determined in advance and then made or incrementally adding material until the object is tools. Tools that can be controlled in this manner
cut to tight specifications. This more efficient complete. A subtractive manufacturing process, include lathes, mills, routers, and grinders.
use of materials reduces waste both on and off such as carving or milling, removes parts from Building Information Modeling (BIM)
site. This not only further reduces cost, but also raw material to create an object. A 3D printer An intelligent 3D model-based process that gives
contributes to sustainable design, as fewer raw uses a digital 3D model and transforms it into an architecture, engineering, and construction
materials are needed in manufacturing. object through additive manufacturing. (AEC) professionals the insight and tools to more
efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage
Prefabrication provides significant time savings. The printer has three basic parts: a digital file, buildings and infrastructure.
The efficient manufacturing and construction the printing machine, and the printing material. 3D Printing
process helps project teams meet aggressive The digital file divides the object into layers and 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is a process
schedules, decreases onsite assembly time, and instructs the printer to create the 3D object by of making three-dimensional solid objects from
allows construction processes to be standardized very accurately describing the dimensions of a digital file using additive processes, typically
by laying down many thin layers of material in
succession until the object is created.
Precast concrete
Precast concrete is concrete cast into specific shapes
at a location other than its final in-service position.
Prestressing
A method of reinforcement where the steel
strands are pretensioned in the form before the
concrete is cast.
Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) machine
An industrial sized, additive machine that allows 3-D
printing to be used for production manufacturing of
large-scale products in a matter of hours.
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
A common thermoplastic polymer typically used for
injection molding applications.
Oakridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
Located in Knoxville, TN, ORNL is the largest
US Department of Energy science and energy
laboratory, conducting basic and applied research
to deliver transformative solutions to compelling
problems in energy and security.
Design Assist
A project delivery method in which construction
material and product suppliers are engaged
to collaborate on the project prior to bidding,
to inform decision making by the design and
Precast window wall panels are one example of how the material provides designers with a flexible medium that can be shaped into any form,
construction team during the design phase.
as the plasticity of concrete lends itself to the manipulation of voids and solids.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

This technology has revolutionized many PRECAST COMPONENTS PRECAST WINDOW WALL PANELS
manufacturing processes, producing
A variety of components are fabricated from Precast window wall panels are one example
components quickly and precisely for industries precast concrete, meeting a range of project needs. of how the material provides designers with a
such as healthcare, aviation, automotive, and the Listed here are the most common components that flexible medium that can be shaped into any
military.3 3D printing makes it easier to produce a precast producers manufacture and that designers
form, as the plasticity of concrete lends itself to
small, custom quantity and until this point wasn’t incorporate into their projects. Customized pieces,
sizes, and shapes are created to meet specific needs. the manipulation of voids and solids. Whether
used to print repeatable, high-volume jobs. Enter
a project is contemporary or traditional, precast
the precast concrete industry. • Floors and roofs
concrete is sculpted to fit the style. Window
• Walls
AN INTRODUCTION TO PRECAST CONCRETE wall panels are often combined with continuous
• Window Wall Panels
precast wall panels, masonry, or natural stone.
As discussed, offsite building construction or • Building structural components
Color, shape, and texture of the concrete surface
prefabrication has been gaining momentum (beams, columns, etc.)
can also be manipulated to achieve the desired
because it offers a better product and • Piles
aesthetics. For example, precast concrete can be
faster installation than onsite construction. • Transportation components
colored, sandblasted, or treated with retarders to
Architectural precast insulated wall panels are • Modular components provide added surface texture. The aggregates
a popular type of offsite fabricated commercial • Miscellaneous components6 used in the precast concrete can be exposed,
building construction. Advanced manufacturing providing further variety and interest. Multiple
is transforming the architectural precast colors in one panel are made possible by
industry by modernizing its manufacturing of both. Prestressing also reduces cracks as combining retarders and sandblasting to expose
techniques, and developing materials and the members are in compression. Often it the aggregate in varying degrees.
processes that can reduce the assembly time of allows precast members to be reduced in size
complex molds.4 and weight relative to a similar conventional Window wall panels can be projected, or
reinforced, cast-in-place concrete member. recessed to provide texture and a shadow line
Precast concrete is simply concrete (a mixture on the façade. Architectural elements such
of cement, water, aggregate and often “Concrete is one of the world’s only truly plastic as bullnoses, reveals, and chamfers can add
admixtures) cast at a location other than its building materials, and it allows architects to classical detailing. Also, form liners can be used
final in-service position. Concrete is placed design iconic structures that stand the test of in the molds to provide texture and variety.
into a form, or mold, typically made of wood time, with low maintenance over 100-year Designers may even incorporate shading devices
and fiberglass and cured before being stripped lifecycles,” says Mo Wright, marketing director into the window wall panel. The options for
from the form, usually the following day. at Gate Precast, a supplier of precast structural architectural expression are limitless.7
Manufactured concrete components are then and architectural concrete.5
transported to the construction site for erection The repetitive nature of many fenestration
into place. In contrast, standard concrete is patterns designed for building types such
poured into site-specific forms and cured onsite. as hospitals, high-rise housing, and office
buildings plays to precast concrete’s strength in
Quality control differs significantly between duplicating one pattern many times. Repetition
plant-manufactured concrete systems and site- of panel design accelerates construction
constructed systems. The quality of site-cured schedules because they are fabricated faster
concrete is sometimes compromised due to the than site-built elements and there is greater
variability of weather conditions versus precast control over the rough opening dimensions.
concrete, which is cast and cured under more The most economical wall unit consists of a
consistent, more carefully controlled conditions. panel where the window openings are entirely
The prefabricated concrete industry assumes contained within one precast piece. When
a lot of risk and provides a benefit in terms of precast concrete forms the entire window
cost in those regards. surround, including the soffit, sill, and jambs,
Precast concrete is reinforced with either this eliminates potential water infiltration and
conventional reinforcing bars, strands with allows quick installation.8
high-tensile strength, or a combination of
TRADITIONAL WOOD MOLDS
both. Prestressing is a method of reinforcement
where the steel strands are pulled or Traditionally, additive manufacturing processes,
pretensioned in the form before the concrete such as precast concrete construction, use
is cast. Once the concrete is cured to a specific concrete forms/molds constructed out of wood.
strength, the strands are cut (detensioned). Concrete is poured into the forms and cured,
As the strands attempt to regain their original and then the forms are removed, resulting in a
untensioned length, they bond to the concrete precast concrete element. This process has been
The repetitive nature of many fenestration patterns designed for
and apply a compressive force. This compressive building types such as hospitals, high-rise housing, and office used for many years and remains the industry
force allows precast elements to span greater buildings plays to precast concrete’s strength in duplicating one standard, but there are real downsides to
distances, carry more load, or a combination pattern many times. using wood as the mold material. Wood molds
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CONTINUING EDUCATION

take a long time to assemble and can only be QUIZ

used relatively few times. Actual use varies
depending on the complexity of the mold and 1. _____________ is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site and
the quality of the desired finish. A very complex transporting complete assemblies or sub-assemblies to the construction site where the structure is to be located.
component that is only used a couple of times a) Computer numerical control b) Building Information Modeling
in a building, versus repeated components, c) 3D printing d) Prefabrication
increases labor and material waste. The more
a mold is used, the less pristine the finish on 2. Which of the following is a benefit of prefabrication?
a) Lower labor costs b) Material efficiency
the precast concrete component, as the wood
c) Time savings d) Improved safety
breaks down and residual concrete remains in
e) All of the above
the mold. Wood forms are not durable and will
start to break down after 15 to 20 castings,
3. ______________ is an additive manufacturing process that creates a three-dimensional object by incrementally adding
which is fine for typical jobs needing only 5 material until the object is complete.
to 10 castings. Larger jobs are the challenge a) Carving b) Milling
because multiple forms must be built to support c) 3D printing d) Computer numerical control
many concrete pours.
4. The quality of _________ concrete is sometimes compromised due to the variability of weather conditions versus _________
Other downfalls of wood are that casting tables concrete, which is cast and cured under more consistent, more carefully controlled conditions.
are sitting idle while molds are constructed, a) Site-cured, precast b) Precast, site-cured
wood pieces have to be nailed, caulked, and c) None of the above
resined to ensure joints are watertight and
these joints can be visible on the finished 5. Traditionally, concrete forms were constructed of __________.
product, and round features are more difficult a) Stone b) Wood
to manufacture. The process is slow, expensive, c) Plaster d) Plastic
and the high-skill workforce has shrunk.
6. Which of the following is a benefit of 3D printed molds?
A new innovative method using 3D printing to a) Durability b) Rigidity
create concrete forms has been employed on c) Repeatability d) Cost
a large mixed-use project in Brooklyn and may e) A,B, C only
signal the future of precast concrete.
7. ORNL researched different materials to evaluate their durability for the 3D printing process and ultimately chose which
of the following?
a) Glass-filled ABS b) Wood
c) Polymer d) Carbon-reinforced ABS

8. 3D molds were used to produce _________ in 993 architectural precast concrete panels at One South.
a) Doors b) Cornices
c) Window Wall Panels d) Mullions

9. Which of the following is a benefit of the design assist process?

a) Reduced complexity b) Reduced cost
c) Fewer change orders and scope changes d) Reduced timelines
e) All of the above

10. Each 3D-printed concrete form cost approximately $9,000 and lasted for _____ castings.
A precast concrete mold is printed from 3D BIM models programmed
a) 10 b) 50
into a Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) machine.
c) 100 d) 200

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The Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute develops, maintains and disseminates information to the
marketplace to ensure the highest quality and safest design, fabrication, and construction of plant-
manufactured precast concrete structures. PCI’s members are proud stewards of the built environment,
committed to creating beautiful, functional, and resilient building systems.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

NFPA 285: Presented by:

A FOCUS ON ASSEMBLIES
INTRODUCTION: SAFETY AND THE COMMONALITY
OF HIGH-RISE FIRES
The US has some of the most stringent building codes anywhere on the
globe; however, building codes outside of the US are lax, and fires in
high-rise buildings are becoming common news items. For instance, the
Grenfell Tower fire in 2017 in the UK had a catastrophic loss of life and
was the worst UK residential fire since World War II.
Another fire that made recent news was Tamweel Towers in Jumeriah
Lakes, Dubai. The building was comprised of an ACM exterior with a
polyethylene core. PE is extremely flammable, allowing fires to spread
and rip up the entire façade of a building. In the Tamweel Towers
incident, firefighters could not get ahead of the fire because it was
moving so quickly. Firefighters were forced to go into an adjacent
building, spraying from the other side to try to contain the fire. It is
also worth noting that this same building caught fire on two separate
occasions. A number of years later, after it was repaired with the same
product, the same incident occurred.
Other residential fire incidents have occurred in Russia at the Grozny
City Tower. Grozny City Tower and Tamweel Tower begin to look almost
identical. Both are comprised of ACM covered façades with PE cores,
which facilitates the spread of fire through the entire building. Both
façades look like pieces of tissue paper. The fire eats through the fuel
source, which is the PE, and destroys the buildings. It is also important to
consider various levels of smoke toxicity and to identify how much smoke,
not just flame, is coming up the building.
Part of the problem is that many codes are not being enforced abroad or
in the US. Spot-checks are not occurring to see where materials may have
been changed. Assemblies that were tested and rated appropriately are
not being installed properly: value engineering and substitutions cannot
occur in a rated assembly. Even if a product may have similar performance
characteristics, if it has not been tested as an assembly, it is not a like-for-
like substitution.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTINUING EDUCATION

1. Evaluate the structure of wall assemblies, the building envelope, and how NFPA 285 compliance is CREDIT: 1 LU/HSW
achieved to ensure the safety of occupants after the project is complete. COURSE NUMBER: AR052019-4
2. Analyze how large scale and small-scale fire testing, clarity of codes, regulations, testing acronyms, Use the learning objectives above to focus your
and the methodology behind testing enhances the built environment for occupants. study as you read this article. To earn credit and
3. Compare and contrast the need for thermal performance that is not sacrificed for fire performance
obtain a certificate of completion, visit
ensuring occupancy comfort and safety throughout the life of the building. http://go.hw.net/AR052019-4 and complete the
quiz for free as you read this article. If you are
4. Examine real fire case studies where fires have occurred in a building and analyze how those buildings new to Hanley Wood University, create a free
have performed. learner account; returning users log in as usual.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

The building envelope has changed significantly “walls” of glass. However, it is important to There are multiple core types for insulated
over the past fifteen years. The demand for understand, from a compliance perspective, panels: expanded polystyrene (EPS),
high performance, resilient, healthy, energy- how that is delivered. These preferences can be polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR),
efficient buildings is driving the building seen in many sectors of modern construction, FM approved PIR, and mineral fiber (MF). It
sector—both clients and contractors alike. such as hospitals, multi-story residences, office is important to note that EPS is typically only
There has been an increasing focus on envelope buildings, and education centers. Using Hudson used in interior walls and that there are many
designs that incorporate increased amounts of Yard in New York City as an example, a great performance variations between different
combustible material in cladding, insulation, juxtaposition can be seen. There are buildings manufacturers of PIR.
and water-resistive barriers (WRBs). from the 1950s, 60s, and 70s at lower heights
made from masonry, brick, and stone. Then,
Fire codes are also continuing to evolve and
there are modern buildings which look like glass
are becoming more and more stringent. They
shards jutting into the sky. It is rare to see a new
have become integral with updates to the
40-story building built out of brick today.
International Building Code (IBC). Building
science has focused on the “envelope” in A typical methodology for new construction
response to the movement of air, water vapor, is a multicomponent built-up system or a
and thermal conditions. However, understanding multicomponent built-up façade system.
how to deliver high performance, code- There is also a factory manufactured single
compliant buildings can be complex. component insulated panel system and a
pre-engineered façade and rainscreen carrier
Insulated Panels
system. They act as the air and water vapor
Architects and owners want beautiful facades, control barriers. Example of Insulated Panels with Polystryrene Insulated core.
for instance with modern metal cladding or

THE RED LIST AND WHY IT MATTERS

By Brent Trenga, LEED AP BD+C, WELL AP • Halogenated Flame Retardants (HFRs) Red List chemicals to be present in trace amounts.
In the current environment of sustainability • Lead (added) Under most circumstances, however, project teams
conscious consumerism, everything from the must seek out alternative products if they want a
• Mercury
make-up of products to the building envelope in project to meet Living Building Challenge standards.
• Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
which they were developed plays into purchasing In working with clients who are building to the
decisions. While not very well known by general • Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) Living Building Challenge requirements, one
consumers, the Living Building Challenge’s Red List • Phthalates manufacturer was able to respond by being the first
is an important set of chemicals included in some • Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Chlorinated Polyvinyl insulated panel manufacturer with polyisocyanurate
products that design teams should avoid. Chloride (CPVC), Polyvinylidene Chloride (PVDC) insulation to eliminate HFRs (halogenated flame
The Red List is a compilation of the worst materials, • Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs) retardants). When the technology was reformulated
from the health and wellbeing standpoint, prevalent to remove the HFR, the thermal performance was
• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in wet
in the building industry. U.S. government agencies enhanced and the first foam insulation ever to
applied products
have designated certain materials on the Red List achieve FM 4882 approval for Smoke Sensitive
• Wood treatments containing creosote, arsenic occupancies was delivered. This was the first in
due to their harmful nature and negative impacts
or pentachlorophenol many steps in moving toward a Red List Free
they have on people and the environment.
Why does it matter to project teams? Declare Label. Becoming Red List Free represents
The International Living Building Institute (ILFI),
One of the goals of the Living Building Challenge, dedication to reducing global warming potential
a sustainable building certification program, has
the world's most rigorous proven-performance and protecting the future.
developed the Red List of materials that it advises
against being used in building and construction. standard for projects, is to eliminate the use of these When possible, projects should eliminate hazards
The list includes the following materials: harmful chemicals and products. While difficult, in chemicals, materials and products by purchasing
becoming Red List Free is a significant step toward safer alternatives. Eliminating the threat is a key
• Alkylphenols
sustainability and protecting the health of those part in creating healthier buildings, and that is often
• Asbestos both in and out of the building. The chemicals achieved through substitution. Untested chemicals
• Bisphenol A (BPA) on the list are polluting the environment and and materials should not be presumed to be safer.
• Cadmium bio-accumulating up the food chain until they reach The best way to prevent health issues and increase
toxic concentrations. Some of the chemicals are also sustainability is by being proactive and decreasing as
• Chlorinated Polyethylene and Chlorosulfonated
human carcinogens. many harmful chemicals as possible.
Polyethylene
Based on available market materials at a given time, While everyone may not be ready to become Red
• Chlorobenzenes
ILFI does make some exceptions on a case-by-case List Free or take on the Living Building Challenge,
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and basis. If teams are granted an exception, they must eliminating the use of chemicals on the red list is a
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) goal for sustainability. Builders are encouraged to be
send a letter to the manufacturer of the Red List
• Chloroprene (Neoprene) material in question to explain that their purchase proactive in their choices of materials and consider
• Chromium VI is not an endorsement and express a preference for the potential impact these materials have on the
• Formaldehyde (added) the production of sustainable, non-toxic materials. environment.
There is also a less than 100ppm clause that allows

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

Foam Plastic Cores to that structure, it softens and melts. When a fire-retardant core, the metal burns off in the
building comprised of this material catches fire, same manner; however, the core does not
In terms of beginning to understand code
the fire and the material literally drip off of the catch fire. When the welding torch is taken
compliance, it is important to understand the
building. When thermoplastic cools, it returns away from the ACM with a polyethylene core,
materials used as insulation. Foam plastic cores
to a solid state. it is still on fire. When the torch is taken away
and foam plastic insulation are not the same,
from an ACM with a fire-retardant core, the fire
and there are two fundamental differences that Generally, thermoplastic is a highly combustible
burns itself out. While there is smoke, there are
need to be recognized: whether the material is polymer chain as opposed to thermoset, where
no additional flames.
a thermoplastic or thermoset foam. the polymers are cross-linked. Thermoset is
cured by heat in the manufacturing process, The reaction of the ACM with a polyethylene
Thermoplastic is a solid material and a linear
and it cannot be softened or formed. In other core in the test closely resembles what occurred
polymer chain structure. When heat is added
words, it cannot be turned back into a liquid in in the residential building fires that have made
any form or structure. It is technically considered the news across the globe.
GLOSSARY combustible, but it can be highly fire-resistant.
KNOWING WHEN NFPA 285 TESTING
Flame spread index—describes the surface burning There are a number of different technologies IS REQUIRED
characteristics of building materials; ASTM E84
that have evolved from polyurethane (PUR)
develops this rating In general, the IBC requirements for
to polyisocyanurate (PIR), and now there is
FM 4882—is a parallel panel test measuring smoke “hazardous materials, fire-resistance-rated
density. It is the approval standard for Class 1
technology in the market that is hybrid PIR that
has even higher resistance to fire and smoke. construction, interior finish, fire protection
systems for Smoke Sensitive Occupancies, and it is
systems, means of egress, emergency and
only applicable for next generation insulated panel
technology. For this test, two panels are burned ALUMINUM COMPOSITE PANELS stand by power, and temporary structures”
against each other. Testers look not necessarily at directly correlate to the requirements of the
ACM, MCM, or aluminum composite panels International Fire Code (IFC).1
the flame but at the smoke. Before being able to
test for 4882, 4880 and 4881 must be passed. Few (ACP) are all aluminum-clad metal and are
companies globally have achieved FM 4882. used in a number of exterior and interior In 2012, the IBC Combustible Component
products. While buildings can have aluminum, Requirements was redeveloped and pertains to
FM Global—certifications are recognized
internationally by the world’s leading testing bodies. steel, copper, or high-end finishes, the main air and water barriers, combustible claddings,
FM Global tests systems and products, as well as focus for specifiers should be on what is and foam plastic insulation. Although the IBC
single performance characteristics, with the goal combustible: the core. was not willing to exempt WRBs fully from
of providing loss protection. Their tests include fire NFPA 285, the following exceptions were
protection equipment, electrical equipment, building The core can be made from phenolic resin, non- included in the 2015 IBC:
materials, roofing assemblies, hazardous location fire retarded polyethylene (PE), or fire retarded
equipment, fire detection and signaling materials, polyethylene (PE). ACM or ACP panels can also • If the WRB is the only combustible
wall assemblies, and smoke detection materials. have metal cores. For instance, a honeycomb wall component and the wall has a
Living Building Challenge—the world’s most “ribbed” panel is rigid and strong; an aluminum noncombustible covering.
rigorous proven-performance standard for projects; composite panel with a thermoset phenolic • Windows and doors, as well as flashing
one of its goals is to eliminate the use of harmful
resin core has very good fire properties; and an around windows and doors are excluded.
chemicals and products.
aluminum composite panel with a polyethylene • If the WRB is the only combustible
Metal composite material (MCM) or aluminum
core is standard. These panels typically range wall component and the following test
composite panels (ACM or ACP)—aluminum-clad
metal and are used in a number of exterior and anywhere from 3mm to 6 mm thick and consist parameters are met.
interior products. of two layers of about 0.5mm thick aluminum
sandwiching. ▪ ASTM E84 Product Test:
Polyisocyanurate (PIR)—thermoset plastic, typically
produced as foam and used as rigid thermal ♦ Flame spread index of 25 or less
Testing Aluminum Composite Panels
insulation; manufactured from isocyanate and ♦ Smoke-developed index of 450
polyol; better fire performance than PUR. When a welder’s torch is applied to aluminum
Polyurethane rigid foam (PUR)—rigid closed cell low composite material with a polyethylene core ▪ ASTM E1354 (Cone Calorimeter
density insulation; manufactured from isocyanate compared to the same test being conducted on Product Test)
and polyol. an ACM with a fire-retardant polyethylene core, ♦ Incident radiant heat flux of 50 kW/m2
The Red List—a compilation of the worst materials, the flame in the former is significantly greater.
from the health and well-being standpoint,
♦ Effective heat of combustion of less
The material itself catches fire, spreads, and than 18 MJ/kg
prevalent in the building history. Compiled by the
International Living Building Institute (ILFI).
drips. The polyethylene transforms from a solid
to a liquid state as the polymer structure breaks
♦ Peak heat release rate less than
Thermoplastic—solid material and a linear
down. The flame then spreads and causes 150 kW/m2
polymer chain structure; when heat is added, it
softens and melts. additional damage. In less than a minute with ♦ Total heat release of less than 20 MJ/m2
Thermoset—highly combustible polymer chain
a small flame source, the amount of damage is
If these requirements can be met in just the
where polymers are cross-linked; cured by heat considerable.
WRB, then the assembly does not need to be
in the manufacturing process; cannot be softened
When the same heat source is applied under tested for NFPA 285.
or formed.
the same conditions to an ACM with a

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

For combustible materials to be used, the QUIZ

assembly must pass NFPA 285. This pertains to
Type I through V construction: 1. At Grenfell Tower in London, once the cladding ignited, fire spread across four facades and into other apartments
in a matter of ______ hours.
• Type I, II—Non-combustible materials
a. 3 b. 4
for structural framework, bearing walls,
c. 5 d. 6
floor, and roof construction Type I is more
stringent than Type II (longer fire resistive 2. Which of the following are core types for insulation?
ratings) a. EPS b. PUR
• Type III—Exterior walls must be non- c. PIR d. All of the above
combustible, but interior can be any
material allowed by code. 3. When a welder’s torch is applied, the flame in which of the following is significantly greater?
a. Aluminum composite material with a fire-retardant core b. Aluminum composite material with a polyethylene core
• Type IV—Exterior walls must be non- c. Neither d. They are both equal
combustible, interior walls are solid or
laminated wood without concealed spaces 4. Which of the following tests determines flame spread index?
(heavy timber construction). a. ASTM E1354 b. ASTM E119
• Type V—Combustible construction, limited c. ASTM E84 d. UL263
to one to two stories.
5. Which of the following combustible claddings might require NFPA 285 testing?
The common denominator across all of these a. Metal composite material (MCM) b. High-pressure laminate (HPL)
types of construction is that if there is any c. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) d. All of the above
combustible material in the assembly, the
assembly must pass NFPA 285. 6. Which of the following are components of section 1.3.1 of NFPA 285?
a. The ability of the wall assembly to resist flame propagation over exterior face of the wall assembly. The ability of
Walls requiring a fire resistance (hourly) rating— the wall assembly to resist vertical flame propagation within the combustible components from one story to the next.
for instance if a building is on a property line b. The ability of the wall assembly to resist vertical flame propagation over the interior surface of the wall assembly
or has an adjacent building next to it—must from one story to the next. The ability of the wall assembly to resist lateral flame propagation from the compartment
of the fire origin to the adjacent compartments or spaces.
complete either ASTM E119, which determines
c. Both a and b
fire resistance ratings for various wall assemblies
d. None of the above
(1–4 hours) or UL263, which also determines
fire resistance ratings for various wall assemblies 7. This test specifically examines exterior walls.
(1–4 hours). These standards are equivalent and a. FM 4880 b. FM 4881
based on the same test. c. FM 4882 d. FM 4471

In addition to NFPA 285 test requirements

8. What was the insulation composed of at the Audi dealership in the case study?
for combustible exterior claddings, the IBC
a. MCM b. FM-approved PIR
has several other conditions that must be
c. PUR d. EPS
met by MCM:
• ASTM E84 “Standard Test Method for 9. Some PIR cores have which of the following identifiers in place:
Surface Burning Characteristics of Building a. Date and time material was manufactured b. The manufacturer
Materials”—flame spread index less than c. Certification and ratings d. All of the above
or equal to 25
10. FM 4880-83 focus on__________.
• ASTM E84—Smoke developed index less
a. Wall assemblies b. Single materials
than or equal to 450
c. Floors d. Roofs
• Separated from interior by thermal barrier
Again, these are specific to MCM panels.
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CONTINUING EDUCATION

Presented by:

DESIGNING FOR A LIFETIME

HOW TO SPECIFY TIMELESS AND TRENDY PRODUCTS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:
1. Explore modern trends driving design choices
for building professionals managing kitchen
design projects.
2. Identify technological innovations in kitchen
appliances, fixtures, and materials.
3. Explain the importance of kitchen space planning
and the use of zoning when creating kitchen
design plans.
4. Analyze the impact of technology and connectivity
in the kitchen planning and design project phase.

CONTINUING EDUCATION
AIA CREDIT: 1 LU/ELECTIVE
AIA COURSE NUMBER: AR052019-5
IDCEC CREDIT: 0.1 CEU
IDCEC COURSE NUMBER: CEU-108957
Use the learning objectives above to focus your
study as you read this article. To earn credit and
obtain a certificate of completion, visit
http://go.hw.net/AR052019-5 and complete the
quiz for free as you read this article. If you are
new to Hanley Wood University, create a free
learner account; returning users log in as usual.

INTRODUCTION Today, as Chad Wohlrab, Director of Product IDENTIFYING TRENDS: THE 2018 NKBA
Design, notes, “The kitchen has become the DESIGN TRENDS STUDY AND KITCHEN
Historically concealed by designers, kitchens INNOVATION
hub of the home where people gather with
were dark, dirty, and poorly ventilated.
both their families and guests. There is a The National Kitchen + Bath Association
However, after World War I, gas and electricity
continued trend of the kitchen being the (NKBA), initially called the American Institute
became widely available in homes, replacing
center of activity in the home.” of Kitchen Dealers (AIKD), was formed in
the use of fireplaces in kitchens. Concurrently,
the industrial age made it possible for items Kitchens have become increasingly important Philadelphia in 1963 by a small group of kitchen
to be mass produced and widely available. A for functions beyond cooking and eating, and dealers with the goal of achieving “Education,
recent exhibition at the Museum of Modern so too have the roles of style and design. Today, Standards and Advertising and Public
Art showcased Viennese architect Margarete the residential kitchen and bath industry is a Relations.” In 2014, the NKBA began holding
Schütte-Lihotzky and her innovative revision $147 billion industry comprised of roughly shows in conjunction with the International
of the kitchen in the late 1920s. The kitchen 14,000 companies and tens of thousands of Builders’ Show (IBS) and sponsored by the
featured a gas stove, built-in storage bins, professionals.7 As kitchen innovations continued National Association of Home Builders
oak flour containers, and a fold-down ironing to increase throughout the twentieth century, (NAHB). The new Design & Construction Week
board. Her innovations were based around organizations began to form; offering resources shows bring an estimated 80,000 design and
ideas of efficiency and functionality that to design and construction professionals that construction professionals together over the
ultimately freed up time for homemakers and help keep pace with the style preferences of course of a week.
elevated the space of the kitchen.6 the general public and the latest offerings of The NKBA also offers resources for continued
innovative manufacturers. learning, including guidelines on codes and

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

standards. It conducts a yearly survey detailing In terms of color, white and gray, at 90%
dominant design preferences across the United and 89% remain popular color schemes,
States and Canada, including materials, finishes, followed by blue (52%), black (41%), and
colors, appliances, and lighting fixtures most beige/bone (40%). Functional lighting, such
in demand. It also discusses the ways in which as undercabinet lighting (93%) and recessed
technology is being incorporated into kitchen lights (89%), were the most popular, as well
and bathroom designs. Importantly, it further as decorative pendant lights (89%).
identifies emerging design characteristics
Technology
such as the styles, materials, finishes, colors,
appliances, and lighting fixtures that are “not Technology is becoming increasingly common
yet dominant preferences but are growing in across all areas of life, and the NKBA study
popularity.”8 These emerging characteristics are notes that 62% of homeowners already have
expected to be the next trends in kitchen and flat screens installed in their kitchens. Flush-
more popular than framed, and homeowners
bath design. mounted lighting controls are being considered
preferred overlay door types over inset.
by 57% of homeowners, as are keypads to
The 2018 NKBA Design Trends Study surveyed
Cabinetry has also inspired innovation in the
822 professionals who specify, build, or
appliance industry. The seamless integration of
sell kitchen and bath products, including
cabinets into kitchen design has inspired the GLOSSARY
designers, remodelers, architects, dealers, and
ways in which appliances are customized to
manufacturers. The summation of the study Contemporary—“encompasses a range of styles
blend into any kitchen design. Cabinetry has developed in the latter half of the 20th century.
is that “clean, minimalist, and modern with a
further provided the impetus for new kitchen Pieces feature softened and rounded lines as opposed
touch of luxury” is in demand for newly built or
layout theories, which will later be discussed in to the stark lines seen in modern design. Interiors
remodeled kitchens.
more detail. contain neutral elements and bold color, and they
Current Trends focus on the basics of line, shape, and form.”1
Countertops and Floors Convection steam oven—movement of hot air
It is common knowledge that remodeled ensures consistent heating and browning; steam
In terms of countertops, quartz was the
kitchens have the ability to increase the resale adds moisture; vitamins are retained; eliminates the
unquestionable choice, as 94% noted its
value of a home. In 2018, minor mid-range need for additional basting, oil, etc.
popularity. Granite and marble ranked a distant
kitchen remodels costing $21,198 on average Farmhouse—“contains the sleek lines of
second and third. Ceramic backsplashes (85%)
were able to recoup 81.1% of their value upon contemporary design with the cozy farmhouse
were also trendy, followed by glass, natural aesthetic to create a uniquely fresh take on the
resale.9 So far, in 2019, a major mid-range
stone tile, and quartz. Respondents noted country living inspired style. Modern farmhouse
kitchen remodel, costing an average of $66,196,
consumer preference for hardwood kitchen style is known for its warmth and simplicity,
resales at a value of $41,133, recouping 62.1% characterized by natural textures and materials like
floors (78%), followed by ceramic and porcelain
of costs. For 2019, major upscale remodels wood or galvanized steel.”2
tile and engineered wood.
are performing better than they did in 2018. Kitchen Triangle—developed by the University of
Currently, an expenditure of $131,510 resales at Illinois School of Architecture; imaginary straight
$78,524 for a 59.7% cost recoup. line drawn from the sink to the cooktop to the
refrigerator and back to the sink.
However, despite the ability of a kitchen
Modern—“focuses on minimalism, neutral
remodel to increase the resale value of a home, colors, clean design lines, and environmentally
many homeowners are choosing to remodel friendly materials.”3
simply because their kitchens are outdated. Near Field Communication—allows users to place two
The NKBA found that in 2017, 64% of kitchen gadgets together so that they can communicate.
remodels were because homeowners wanted Sous vide—“relating to or denoting a method of
an updated kitchen. Only 2% of survey cooking food slowly in a vacuum-sealed pouch at
respondents said they wanted to remodel a low temperature so as to retain most of the juice
to increase the value of their home. These and aroma.”4
numbers indicate that the style preferences Transitional—“a marriage of traditional and
of homeowners are becoming increasingly contemporary furniture, finishes, materials, and
important in kitchen remodels. fabrics equating to a classic, timeless design.
Sinks, Wall Colors, and Lighting Furniture lines are simple yet sophisticated,
Cabinets featuring either straight lines or rounded profiles.”5
Undermount (92%), single-bowl (81%), and
farmhouse (81%) stainless steel sinks were Wireless Surfaces—wireless charging technology is
Some of the style trends that the 2018 NKBA
embedded into a surface, such as a countertop.
noted involved a detailed look at cabinets. chosen by participants as trendy, who further
noted that single handle and pull-down spray Zone Design—a spin-off of the kitchen triangle;
For any style of kitchen, 86% of participants
kitchen can be divided into zones for convenience of
claimed that paint for cabinet facing was trendy, are the most popular faucets. Stainless steel
the homeowner; examples include prepping, cooking,
wood ranked second at 74%, and glass ranked finishes were popular (79%), with brushed cleaning, homework, and entertainment zones.
third at 44%. Frameless cabinets were slightly nickel coming in a close second (76%).

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

Currently, refrigeration can be designed to

either stand out or blend in, depending on
the homeowner’s preference. Rebecca Seiler,
Product Marketing Manager of Innovation,
emphasizes that there is a current, “demand
in customization and personalization. People
want their kitchen and home to reflect their
unique style and needs. Many of our products
are panel ready so they can easily accommodate
an almost endless list of kitchen designs from
traditional to transitional to contemporary.
Consumers typically desire clean lines,
straightforward and easy to use interfaces, and
control lighting (50%), motion-sensor task units can act against heat, humidity, light,
more discrete appliances that do not distract
lighting (49%), and voice-enabled automation and vibrations. One manufacturer also offers
from their kitchen design.”
devices (47%). However, not many people are integrated wine storage with refrigerator and
integrating technology into the kitchen yet, Built-in refrigeration can come with the freezer drawers so that ice, snacks, drinks, and
which will be discussed in greater detail shortly. popular stainless-steel look or be finished in garnishes are readily accessible.
customized panels. Integrated units have the
Appliances: Refrigeration
ability to disappear into the décor, with neither
Despite being slow to install certain technology hinge nor grille in sight, making refrigeration
in the kitchen, homeowners are embracing indistinguishable from other cabinets and
the latest refrigeration advances. Refrigerator/ drawers around it. Undercounter refrigeration,
freezer columns are the trendiest unit (55%), for instance in the kitchen island, pantry,
and French-door refrigerators are the trendiest breakfast room, or exercise room can provide
style (85%). compact, convenient storage both indoors or
out. Integrated drawers allow for cold storage
for any room in the house and can seamlessly
become part of the flow of a kitchen and home.
This level of customization allows homeowners
to maintain their style preferences and achieve
the same amount of personalization in the
kitchen as in other rooms in the house.
Appliances: Cooktops and Ovens
Appliances: Wine Refrigerators
For cooktops, gas is unquestionably the most
The NKBA also notes the increasing popularity popular (85%), followed by induction (67%).
of wine refrigerators. Better storage for wine Electric models are no longer popular, and only
ultimately leads to better drinkability and 28% of respondents stated that homeowners
allows it to last for years. Quality wine storage preferred them. Microwaves (71%) were more
popular than warming drawers (41%), and
convection ovens were reported as trendy by 80%
of participants, followed by gas ranges at 75%.
Chad Wohlrab, Director of Product Design, and Rebecca Seiler, Product Marketing Manager of Innovation,
discuss the ways consumers view technology in the kitchen: Some manufacturers offer dual-stacked gas
WOHLRAB: I believe we are still in the early stages of connectivity in the kitchen, especially with
burners or induction zones that provide
appliances. The typical kitchen appliances—refrigerator, range, microwave, etc.—aren’t ones that precise heat control. Dual fuel ranges offer
consumers can easily see the benefits of a connected device, at least not as easily as things such as phones,
televisions, or security cameras. As the manufacturers are able to develop connected features that provide
true convenience and value, and are able to educate the consumers on these features, I foresee the
adoption rate increasing.
SEILER: We are definitely seeing more activity in the smart living space in general and adoption continues
to grow. I don’t believe we’re at full adoption of these types of technologies quite yet, and the premium
kitchen appliance space seems to be in the earlier stages of adoption. There has been some initial
exploration, but it doesn’t seem as though this space is fully leveraged, and still has significant opportunity
to deliver value and convenience to the consumer. From what we’ve seen, the next generation of kitchen
appliance purchasers will place a larger emphasis on smart convenience and will have greater expectations
of how their appliances simplify and connect their lives. If there is a clear benefit to the consumer in the
form of convenience, customization, and/or simplification, we believe consumers will be willing to pay for
connected/smart kitchen appliances.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

even cooking, and electric dual convection QUIZ

ovens with fans and heating elements provide
consistent heat across all racks. Induction 1. Kitchen design started to become popular after ____________.
ranges offer speed and power, boiling water a. The American Civil War b. World War I
faster than gas; temperature control is near- c. World War II d. The Korean War
instantaneous and also has the ability to provide
ultra-low, steady simmers and melts. This 2. Today, the residential kitchen and bath industry is a _______ dollar industry.
level of efficiency creates consistency whether a. 147 million c. 147 billion
baking, roasting, broiling, or using the cooktop. d. 400 billion

For even greater consistency, there are 3. The majority of NKBA survey respondents claimed they wanted to remodel their kitchens because _____________.
convection steam ovens. Convection steam a. Their kitchens are outdated b. They want to increase the resale value of their home
ovens are an emerging technology that allows c. They prefer different color schemes d. They want to incorporate more technology
users to combine steam and convection
cooking. The oven’s technology also senses the 4. The favorite countertop choice of respondents was ________.
size and shape of the food and automatically a. Marble b. Granite
adjusts all the details of cooking. Importantly, it c. Vinyl d. Quartz
not only retains flavor and moisture and allows
for consistent temperature, it also helps retain 5. Which kind of ovens offer the greatest consistency throughout the cooking process?
more nutrients. a. Convection steam b. Gas
c. Electric d. Induction
Convection steam ovens also allow users
to cook using a method called “sous vide.” 6. According to the course, _________ is currently the most popular kitchen style.
Translated from the French, “sous vide” a. Traditional b. Contemporary
literally means “under pressure.” For example, c. Modern d. Farmhouse
if choosing to cook a steak, vacuum-packed
meat can be steamed in a convection steam 7. According to the course, what is/are the goal/s of the kitchen triangle?
oven for the desired amount of time. When it a. Standardize home construction
is removed, each part of the steak is the same b. Increase the efficiency of kitchens
temperature. It can then be taken out of its c. Have a logical number of steps between each workstation
packaging and pan-seared. After searing, the d. Mediate the flow of household traffic
steak is cooked evenly throughout. Overall, e. All of the above

convection steam ovens enable chefs and home

8. According to the course, which zone of the kitchen do people spend the majority of their time?
cooks alike to maintain greater consistency in
a. Cooking zone b. Prepping zone
temperature than regular ovens.
c. Cleaning zone d. Baking zone
Appliances: Dishwashers
9. What kind of technology is being increasingly used by home cooks?
Dishwashers were also a component of the a. Web-enabled ice-makers b. Web-enabled microwaves
NKBA study, and 85% of respondents stated c. Mobile devices
that homeowners preferred built-in door styles;
only 22% stated that homeowners installed 10. When are the majority of homeowners willing to adopt new technology in the kitchen?
more than one dishwasher in a kitchen. a. When technology is shown to increase efficiency
b. When technology is shown to improve quality of life
c. When technology has been proven trustworthy and reliable
d. All of the above

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tested to perform for over 20 years of daily use. We are dedicated to fulfilling the highest kitchen aspirations
of our customers, as well as supporting our trade community with tools that make it easier to specify,
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the corresponding quiz for credit.
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CONTINUING EDUCATION

UNDERSTANDING WOOD Presented by:

HOW NEXT-GENERATION DESIGNERS AND ARTISTS CAN IMPACT

THE GLOBAL FOREST ECOSYSTEM

Image courtesy of Chris Hintz of iSee Communications

LEARNING OBJECTIVES EDUCATING THE NEXT GENERATION OF ARCHITECTS AND ARTISTS

1. Identify the importance of corporate social responsibility and emerging best

Social responsibility should be at the forefront of every designer’s practice,
practices to educate the next generation of architects, designers, and visual artists. as their designs impact raw material use, land development, and the
2. Understand the role forests play in the balance of a healthy eco-system and how health, safety, and welfare of building occupants. It’s vitally important to
that relates to specifying durable, eco-friendly products for the built environment. educate the next generation of architects, designers, and visual artists
3. Explore a collaborative project between an engineered surfaces company, about corporate social responsibility and emerging best practices in
Interlochen Arts Academy, and visiting artists to return a pine plantation forest to their fields. This course will discuss one natural resource that is facing a
its native state while studying ecology and creating art. significant threat from exploitation and development: the global forest
4. Examine how using alternative design materials can replace endangered wood ecosystem. We will discuss how building product manufacturers can offer
species while reinforcing on-trend spaces. material alternatives that do not further dwindle the world’s endangered
wood species. We will also dive deep into a collaborative project between
an engineered surfaces company, Interlochen Arts Academy, and visiting
CONTINUING EDUCATION artists to return a pine plantation forest to its native state while studying
ecology, creating art, and educating a future generation of artists.
AIA CREDIT: 1 LU/HSW
IDCEC CREDIT: 0.1 CEU/HSW CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR)
AIA COURSE NUMBER: AR0520196
There has been a distinct shift from the “every man for himself” mentality
IDCEC COURSE NUMBER: CEU-108828
to a world where mindful consumers are starting to question where
Use the learning objectives above to focus your study as you read
and how products are produced and their own responsibility in enabling
this article. To earn credit and obtain a certificate of completion, visit
http://go.hw.net/AR0520196 and complete the quiz for free as you read this
socially unjust or environmentally destructive organizations. Because of
article. If you are new to Hanley Wood University, create a free learner account; this increased consumer interest, companies are starting to change their
returning users log in as usual. practices to reflect social, cultural, and environmental ethics. Within a
business, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an ethical framework upon
which decisions are made. CSR, also called corporate citizenship, aims to

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

create a balance between economic gain and the community. As the global need for buildings or assemblage of ecosystems dominated by
general welfare of people and the environment.1 increases, so does the use of building materials trees and other woody vegetation. The living
and energy to light, cool, and heat those parts of a forest include trees, shrubs, vines,
The International Organization for
buildings. Every single material specified for grasses, and other herbaceous (non-woody)
Standardization (ISO) notes, “In the wake of
the construction of a building impacts the plants, mosses, algae, fungi, insects, mammals,
increasing globalization, we have become
environment either positively or negatively. birds, reptiles, amphibians, and microorganisms
increasingly conscious not only of what we
Designers have the responsibility and power to living on the plants and animals and in the soil.
buy, but also how the goods and services we
seek out suppliers with ethical and sustainable These interact with one another and with the
buy have been produced. Environmentally
manufacturing processes. Refusing to support non-living part of the environment, including
harmful production, child labor, dangerous
companies that are unethical or do not the soil, water, and minerals, to make up what
working environments, and other inhumane
incorporate green practices sends a strong we know as a forest.” (Styles et al. 2017)
conditions are examples of issues now brought
message that they must change.
into the open. All companies and organizations
GLOSSARY
aiming at long-term profitability and credibility Sustainable architecture and design can
are starting to realize that they must act in significantly reduce the environmental impact Corporate Social Responsibility
accordance with norms of right and wrong.”2 on raw materials used for building, and An ethical framework upon which decisions are
made within a business to create a balance between
reconnect people with their natural world
There are four categories of social responsibility: economic gain and the general welfare of people
rather than competing against it. and the environment.
• Environmental efforts
Architecture should complement natural Ecosystem
• Philanthropy surroundings in function and appearance, and A biological community of interacting organisms
and their physical environment.11
• Ethical labor practices traditional building techniques that have low
impact on the environment should be combined Old Growth Forest
• Volunteering Virgin forests that have been untouched by
with modern technologies and materials.
human activity.
SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE ARCHITECTURE
HOW FORESTS AFFECT THE BALANCE OF Plantation Forest
Architectural social responsibility means OUR ECOSYSTEM A forest where trees are grown like other
understanding the needs of the community agricultural crops.
and the surrounding environment. When One significant part of the world’s ecosystem Deforestation
considering the environmental pillar of is our forests. There are many definitions of The clearing or thinning of forests by humans,
corporate social responsibility, the architecture a forest and many different types of forests, including removal of the trees for wood products
but in her white paper, Design for Global and for croplands and grazing lands.12
and design industry in particular has a
huge ability to impact the use of earth’s Forestry—A New Paradigm for Creative Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
Material Specification, Grace Jeffers, design An independent, non-governmental, not for profit
limited resources. Rising populations, rapid organization established to promote the responsible
development, global warming, and exploitation historian and materials expert, uses the
management of the world's forests.13
of resources are all impacting the architecture following definition: “A forest is an ecosystem
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)
A specialized agency of the United Nations that
leads international efforts to defeat hunger with
the goal to achieve food security for all and make
sure that people have regular access to enough
high-quality food to lead active, healthy lives.14
Lacey Act
Protects against the trade of illegally logged timber,
which includes both raw lumber and finished
products made of wood.
Coop
A European term that suggests a thinning process
that mimics what would happen should a large tree
fall in the forest.
High Pressure Decorative Laminate (HPDL)
A paper-based product created by bonding
melamine-impregnated decorative papers to
layers of resin-treated kraft paper under high heat
and pressure; commonly used as the decorative
surface for residential and commercial countertops
and cabinets, work surfaces, laboratory surfaces,
backsplashes, partitions, retail fixtures, panel
applications, furniture, built-ins, signage/displays,
decorative wainscoting, walls, and floors.
A common misconception is that trees are a renewable resource because they can be replanted, but looking more closely we realize that while
trees are renewable, the entire ecosystem of a forest is not renewable. Image courtesy of Chris Hintz of iSee Communications

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) was According to the Food and Agricultural in this course, is referred to as a plantation
established in 1993 as a coalition effort Organization of the United Nations’ (FAO) 2018 forest because trees are grown like other
between the World Wide Fund for Nature The State of the World’s Forests Report, “Forests agricultural crops.5 The forest is clear-cut and
(WWF) and a number of environmental and trees make vital contributions to both people then replanted to prevent erosion, but with the
NGOs, timber producers, indigenous groups, and the planet, bolstering livelihoods, providing same or similar tree species. A plantation forest
and community forestry groups. According clean air and water, conserving biodiversity, and is considered a monoculture, which devastates
to the FSC, forest management needs to be responding to climate change. Forests act as the ecosystem in the forest, eventually
environmentally, socially, and economically a source of food, medicine, and fuel for more collapsing on itself never to return. The Forest
sustainable, as well as be in accordance with than a billion people. In addition to helping to Stewardship Council’s position on plantation
national and international forestry laws.3 respond to climate change and protect soils and forests is that they support them, as they are a
Many forests worldwide are protected through water, forests hold more than three-quarters viable alternative to true deforestation, but they
Forest Stewardship Council certification, but of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity, provide must be properly managed and seek the same
nonetheless trees continue to be harvested many products and services that contribute FSC certification to ensure their health.6
from protected forests, which further damages to socio-economic development, and are
The Lacey Act
our ecosystem. particularly important for hundreds of millions
of people in rural areas, including many of the In 1900, Theodore Roosevelt introduced the Lacey
In fact, a common misconception is that trees
world’s poorest.”4 Act to protect against illegal hunting of animal
are a renewable resource because they can
species for commercial purposes. In 2008, the
be replanted, but looking more closely we There are many different types of forests
Lacey Act was broadened to protect plant species
realize that while trees are renewable, the worldwide, from old-growth or virgin forests
and is the first ban on illegally sourced wood
entire ecosystem of a forest is not renewable. that have been untouched by human activity,
products in the world. The Lacey Act protects
Forests are unique habitats, home to critically to secondary forests that have been logged and
against the trade of illegally logged timber, which
endangered or threatened species, including left to return to their natural state on their own.
includes both raw lumber and finished products
the vibrant, diverse tree species themselves. A third type of forest, which we will discuss
made of wood. The key to understanding
and complying with the Lacey Act lies in
ARTIST SPOTLIGHT: LEO GOTTFRIED, ARCHITECTURE STUDENT understanding your supply chain and maintaining
Encouraging Personal Vision within a a robust document trail. Not only are importers
Collaborative Project and exporters required to prove the origin of a
At 10,000 feet Riley Woods is simply a forest but wood and that it was not illegally logged, but
looking closer, collaborators created an installation everyone in the supply chain is held responsible.7
that promoted restoration of the forest while
simultaneously making space for each student’s The Lacey Act makes using responsibly
artistic ambitions. Leo Gottfried was one of these harvested wood not only an ethical choice
students, who specialized in sculpture while at but a legal responsibility.
Interlochen and is now attending the Cooper Union
School of Architecture. We spoke about how the A&D INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTIONS TO
Riley Woods project influenced his sculpture and FOREST DECIMATION
future career as an architect. “I began to think
about how scientific knowledge influences my There are very few old-growth forests left in the
personal vision and how my work might impact the world, and many tree species (and the animals
audience’s perceptions of our natural environment.” Leo Gottfried used some of the culled trees for his thesis show; he
built a piece that recreates the sense of sitting under the canopy of a living within them) are in danger of becoming
He also learned how to work together with a diverse
large tree with a circular bench at the base of the tree stump. Image extinct, primarily due to human activity such
group of extremely talented students spread across courtesy of Academy Staff Photographer
all of the art departments at Interlochen. “We had
as loss of habitat due to over-harvesting.8 The
to negotiate how to value and incorporate these unique and varied skill sets in service of the group project.” design and construction industry is a significant
Gottfried worked collaboratively to create social spaces within the installation that included multiple benches
contributor to this decimation. Wood has been
and sitting areas, but the impact the project had on his own work was just as important. “I was fortunate to used in construction for thousands of years
be able to reuse some of the trees that we had culled for my thesis show. The show focused on what it is that and is prized for its beautiful grain, rich color,
makes one feel at home and my own extensive experience of time spent in the woods. For example, I built natural look, ability to be manipulated into
a piece that recreates the sense of sitting under the canopy of a large tree. I strung together an umbrella of myriad shapes, as well as its strength relative
sticks that hung over a large tree stump. At the base of the tree stump was a circular bench.” to its weight, and ready availability. Wood has
Riley Woods continues to influence Leo’s studies as an architecture student. “It showed me how much thought a multitude of uses throughout a building,
and planning a project takes, which relates very directly to architecture. I seem to always find myself in the
including structural framing, siding, trim and
woodshop when it’s time to build models. I am always thinking about the effect art can have on our ecosystem.”
molding, flooring, decking, interior finishes,
Leo loves the idea of different types of people working together and believes more can be achieved when
high quality furnishings, and case goods.
everyone’s actions and opinions are encouraged. An individual’s own vision within a large project should
be open to change because working together often produces outcomes normally beyond the individual’s Specifying certain species of wood causes
comfort zone. “I think courses like these, guided by the student’s vision, reinforce individual self-confidence. global extinction of plants and animals, poor
A class like this can move forward by thinking about what other universal issues could be addressed and how
air quality, climate change, and human rights
art can have an influence on these issues.”
violations. Every time architects intentionally or

SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

CONTINUING EDUCATION

unintentionally specify illegally logged wood QUIZ

they are contributing to the further destruction
of endangered or threatened forests. Some
1. ________________ means understanding the needs of the community and the surrounding environment.
threatened exotic wood species commonly
seen in furnishings and interiors are ebony, a. Social awareness b. Corporate social responsibility

teak, rosewood, zebrawood, umber makore, c. Architectural social responsibility

Indonesian redwood, mahogany, koa, and

2. A common misconception is that:
cocobolo. These exotic woods are sought
a. Trees are a renewable resource b. Forests are a renewable resource
after for their beautiful and exotic grain and because they can be replanted
coloration, and exceptional durability including
c. Forest management is not necessary to forest survival d. All of the above
water, rot, and insect resistance.
National Survey of Architects and Designers9 3. According to the _________, forest management needs to be environmentally, socially, and economically
sustainable, as well as be in accordance with national and international forestry laws.
Architects and designers specify wood to bring a. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations
warmth and beauty to their work. They tend to b. International Standards Organization
care passionately about sustainability, and using c. Lacey Act
responsibly sourced wood is already a priority, d. Forest Stewardship Council
but there is a lack of understanding in the
industry about which forests are endangered or 4. Which type of forest is clear-cut and then replanted to prevent erosion, but with the same or similar tree species?
threatened. An engineered surfaces company a. Old-growth forest b. Secondary forest
conducted a national survey of architects and c. Plantation forest
designers and learned that most respondents
have a limited awareness of endangered wood 5. Challenges of specifying certain species of wood include:
and need more information about the materials a. Global extinction of plants and animals b. Poor air quality
they specify, particularly when it comes to c. Climate change d. Human rights violations
natural resources. e. All of the above

6. According to a national survey of architects and designers, _____% of respondents are prioritizing using
responsibly sourced wood, yet _____% couldn’t recall a single endangered or threatened wood.

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Go online to read the rest of the article and
a. 10, 50
c. 24, 70
b. 70, 24
d. 50, 10

complete the corresponding quiz for credit. 7. To save our rainforests we must reduce our tropical wood imports by at least ______ percent, with the remaining
_____ percent sourced from independently certified, well-managed forests that are third-party accredited by the
Forest Stewardship Council and companies that are not logging from old-growth forests.
a. 75, 25 b. 80, 20
c. 85, 15 d. 90, 10
SPONSOR INFORMATION
8. What was the goal of the Riley Woods collaboration between Interlochen, visiting artists, and an engineered
laminate company?
a. Talk to the next generation of artists and students about the role forests and materials play in art and nature
b. Build artists’ respect and understanding of material origin
c. Teach responsible use of materials in their art
Wilsonart, a world leading engineered surfaces d. All of the above
company, is driven by a mission to create surfaces
people love, with service you can count on, 9. What term describes a thinning process that mimics what would happen should a large tree fall in the forest?
delivered by people who care. The company a. Sky opening b. Coop
manufactures and distributes High Pressure c. Culling d. Harvest
Laminate, Quartz, Solid Surface, Coordinated TFL
and Edgebanding and other engineered surface
10. Which exotic wood has a large-scale heartwood grain with a rich deep brown color, black graining, and pale sap
options for use in the office, education, healthcare,
lines found throughout?
residential, hospitality and retail markets. Operating
a. Mahogany b. Cocobolo
under the Wilsonart®, Resopal®, Polyrey®, Arborite®,
Laminart®, Bushboard™, Shore™, Mermaid™, Ralph c. Indonesian Redwood d. Quartered Koa
Wilson®, KML® and Durcon® brands, the company
continuously redefines decorative surfaces through
improved performance and aesthetics. For more
information, visit www.Wilsonart.com or connect
with us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

OPTIMIZE WALL PANEL PERFORMANCE Presented by:

WITH NEXT GENERATION PRECAST

CONCRETE INSULATED WALL PANELS
PRECAST CONCRETE INDUSTRY AND OAKRIDGE NATIONAL
LABORATORY COLLABORATE
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) identified precast concrete systems
as the optimal wall panel system for developing more energy efficient,
resilient places where people live and work. Now, the DOE, Oakridge
National Laboratory (ORNL), Dow Chemical, the University of Tennessee
(UT), the Institute for Advanced Composites Manufacturing Innovation,
and the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) are collaborating
on a research project that will advance the building envelope using
lightweight, more energy efficient precast concrete insulated wall panels.3
Oak Ridge National Laboratory is the largest U.S. Department of Energy
science and energy laboratory and is located in Knoxville, TN. The
laboratory conducts basic and applied research on energy and security
issues to solve complex problems within various industries. ORNL explores
science challenges and carries out research to speed the delivery of these
solutions to the marketplace. Research at the Innovations in Building
Technology division focuses on reducing energy use through various
methods including developing, modeling, advanced materials, design,
and prefabrication techniques for building envelopes.
Buildings are responsible for a significant amount of global energy
use, resource consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. According
to the International Energy Agency, “The building and construction
sectors combined are responsible for 36 percent of global final energy
consumption and nearly 40 percent of total direct and indirect CO2
emissions. Energy demand from buildings and building construction
continues to rise, driven by improved access to energy in developing
countries, greater ownership and use of energy-consuming devices,
and rapid growth in global buildings floor area, at nearly 3 percent per
year.”4 According to the DOE, domestic buildings consume 40 percent of
the nation’s primary energy and 74 percent of its electricity.5 Thus, more
energy efficient buildings are a priority for improving the nation’s energy
productivity and grid resilience. The DOE believes next-generation building
envelopes have considerable potential to reduce energy consumption in

LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTINUING EDUCATION

After reading this article, you should be able to: AIA CREDIT: 1 LU/ELECTIVE
1. Examine how the precast concrete industry and Oakridge National Laboratory are collaborating on a research AIA COURSE NUMBER: AR052019-7
project that will advance building envelopes using precast concrete insulated wall panels. Use the learning objectives above to focus
2. Discover what precast concrete is and how precast insulated wall panels contribute to an energy efficient your study as you read this article. To earn
building envelope. credit and obtain a certificate of completion, visit
3. Understand the importance of an efficient building envelope and review past performance issues of precast http://go.hw.net/AR052019-7 and complete the quiz
insulated wall panels. for free as you read this article. If you are new to
4. Explore how cooperative research and development can yield a lightweight, energy-efficient building envelope Hanley Wood University, create a free learner
while remaining cost neutral. account; returning users log in as usual.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

GLOSSARY
Consolidation should fail in standard tests of 28-day-old concrete
Vibration of wet concrete to remove irregularly cylinders. A typical concrete compressive strength
distributed entrapped air voids while more evenly specification requires 4,000 to 5,000 psi at 28 days.
distributing constituent ingredients in the mix. R-Value
Precast Concrete The capacity of an insulating material to resist
Concrete cast at a location other than its final heat flow. The higher the R-value, the greater the
in-service position, versus cast-in-place concrete. insulating power.
Wythes Albedo
A continuous vertical section of concrete or masonry The ratio of the amount of solar radiation reflected
one unit in thickness. from a material surface to the amount that shines
Prestressing on the surface.
Concrete’s reinforcing steel is pretensioned in the Heat Island
form before casting; the concrete is cured to a specific Built-up areas that are hotter than nearby rural areas
strength; and the strands are cut (detensioned), and affect communities by increasing summertime
which applies a compressive force that allows precast peak energy demand, air conditioning costs, air
elements to span greater distances, carry more load, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions, heat-
or a combination of both. related illness and mortality, and water quality.2
Flexural Strength Oakridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
Flexural strength (sometimes called the modulus U.S. Department of Energy science and energy
of rupture) is a measure of the tensile strength in laboratory located in Knoxville, TN that conducts
bending of concrete. The flexural strength of a basic and applied research on energy and security
concrete mix is tested with a representative 40 x 40 x issues to solve complex problems within various
160 mm sample (a beam). The beam is loaded at its industries.
center point until failure.1 ASTM C1363 “Hot Box Test”
New thinner insulated wall panels will be lighter, easier to erect, have 28-Day Compressive Strength Measures the thermal performance of building
a broader range of uses, all with a higher R-value. Specified concrete compressive strength is the assemblies under laboratory conditions and provides
minimum compressive strength at which the concrete data on heat transfer through insulated structures.
buildings. Building product technologies must
be market-ready and cost-effective compared
to traditional building materials to meet that
goal and facilitate widespread adoption. This is
where the DOE’s Oakridge National Laboratory
steps in to collaborate and facilitate research
with building industry partners. American
companies are competing for global leadership
in the manufacture and sale of building
components and materials, and their success is
vital to the nation’s economic health. Public-
private partnerships allow ORNL to tackle basic
research while industries focus on later stage
research, development, and implementation.6

RESEARCH INTO THINNER INSULATED

SANDWICH WALL PANELS
PCI and ORNL have a cooperative research and
development agreement (CRADA) that enabled
this opportunity for government, industry, and Precast was selected for ORNL research because of its high durability, best fit for commercial buildings, and certified quality control.
academia to jointly pursue common goals.
The CRADA has made facilities and expertise because they are prefabricated with many will have sufficient information to demonstrate
available to collaborate and to develop components and manufactured-level quality to the marketplace that this system reduces
technological knowledge into useful products. control that impacts the cost of ownership operating energy as compared to conventional
The research objective is to manufacture new substantially over the life of the system. cladding materials. “ORNL is receiving constant
thinner insulated sandwich wall panels that are feedback from PCI and its members. This
Ultimately, PCI has the first option for licensing
a cost-neutral building envelope solution. These guidance is very helpful because we are getting
any new technology developed as a result of
precast concrete wall panels will be lighter, easier input from the end user. Having that open
the research. PCI is allowed to restrict the use of
to erect, have a broader range of uses, all with a communication expedites our work,” describes
that new technology to its members. The result
higher R-value. Such a building envelope product Diana Hun, sub-program manager for building
is that members who make insulated panels
has tremendous market potential, particularly envelopes at ORNL.
SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION
CONTINUING EDUCATION

INTRODUCTION TO PRECAST CONCRETE panels is that the latter are cast with rigid Finishes
insulation “sandwiched” between two
Before we dig deeper into the ORNL As with typical wall panels, the panels are
layers, or wythes, of concrete. The insulation
collaboration, let’s discuss what precast cast in a flat orientation, so the form side
thickness can vary to create the desired thermal
concrete is and how precast insulated wall is regularly the side that will be exposed to
insulating property (R-value) for the wall. Solid
panels contribute to an energy efficient building view in the final construction. This face can
concrete regions extended through the entire
envelope. Precast concrete is simply concrete be made with virtually any type of finish. The
thickness of the panel are typically avoided, but
cast at a location other than its final in-service back face is generally troweled smooth or
occasionally will occur for embedment of critical
position. Concrete is placed into a form, cured, may have a light broom finish. Frequently,
hardware for lifting, handling, and connections.
then stripped from the form the following the interior can be finished so as not to need
day. The manufactured concrete components The structural behavior is either: additional furring and drywall to create a
are then transported to the construction site • Composite in which the wythes are desired finished surface.
for erection into place. In contrast, standard connected using structural connectors Precast/ prestressed concrete sandwich wall
concrete is poured into site-specific forms and through the insulation that fully transfer panels are used as exterior and interior walls
cured onsite. loads. The structural performance is then for many types of structures, as they provide
Two types of steel reinforcement are typically based on the full thickness of the panel; or the dual function of transferring load and
used in precast concrete: conventional • Non-Composite in which the wythes are insulating the structure. Wall panels may be
reinforcement and steel strands. Conventional connected using non-structural connectors used solely for cladding, or they may act as
rebars are positioned within the formwork through the insulation, which limits beams, bearing walls, or shear walls. Panels
based on the structural design requirements performance to the individual capacities of generally span vertically between foundations
of a project. Higher structural capacity can be each wythe. and floors or roofs to provide the permanent
achieved with the use of high-tensile-strength wall system but may also span horizontally
steel strands. They are pulled, or pretensioned, Whether the panel is composite or non- between columns. Panels may be attached
in the form before casting (called prestressing). composite depends on the configuration and to any structural frame, including structural
Once the concrete is cured to a specific strength, material used for the connectors. Insulated steel, reinforced cast-in-place concrete,
the strands are cut (detensioned), which applies sandwich wall panels can be designed to pre-engineered metal, and precast/prestressed
a compressive force that allows precast elements be loadbearing and support floor and roof concrete. They also allow the project site to be
to span greater distances, carry more load, or a components. They make an ideal structural quickly dried in so other trades can work in a
combination of both. Prestressing also reduces element for this purpose, normally by casting a clean, comfortable environment.8
cracks and reduces the size and weight of thicker interior wythe to provide the necessary
members relative to conventional reinforced, support. They can also be non-loadbearing
cast-in-place concrete members. to complete a façade. Precast wall systems
are barrier- or face-sealed systems. Unlike
Quality control differs significantly between rainscreen systems, they do not require a cavity
plant-manufactured concrete systems and site- where moisture collects, and other problems
constructed systems. For example, the quality of can occur.7
site-cured concrete is sometimes compromised
due to the variability of weather conditions Typical widths: 4 to 15 feet
versus precast concrete, which is cast and Typical heights: 8 to 50 feet
cured under more consistent, more carefully
controlled conditions. Prefabrication enables Typical thicknesses: 5 to 12 inches including
better quality control for an enhanced building 1 to 4 inches of insulation
envelope. The precast concrete industry
assumes a lot of risks and provides a benefit
in terms of cost in those regards. Precast was
selected for ORNL research because of its high
durability, best fit for commercial buildings, and
certified quality control.

ARCHITECTURAL PRECAST CONCRETE

INSULATED WALL PANELS
Architectural precast concrete insulated wall
panels are a popular type of offsite commercial
building construction that act as an exterior
building envelope. Insulated sandwich wall
panels can be architectural, structural, or a Precast concrete sandwich panels are cast in a flat orientation, so the A high-performance building offers owners a greater return on
form side is regularly the side that will be exposed to view in the final investment than a conventional building due to reduced energy and
combination of both. The difference between construction. This face can be made with virtually any type of finish. operating costs, lower maintenance costs, improved functionality, and
typical panels and insulated sandwich wall resilience after a catastrophic event.

SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

CONTINUING EDUCATION

IMPORTANCE OF AN EFFICIENT BUILDING QUIZ

ENVELOPE IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE
BUILDINGS 1. According to the DOE, domestic buildings consume _____ percent of the nation’s primary energy and 74 percent
of its electricity.
As we’ve discussed, buildings consume a
a. 10 b. 20
great deal of energy and are to blame for
c. 30 d. 40
significant carbon emissions globally. Because
most of the emissions generated (90% or 2. _________is simply concrete cast at a location other than its final in-service position
more) over the life of a building occur when a. Cast-in place concrete b. Precast concrete
they are heated and cooled, building product c. Reinforced concrete d. Pretensioned
manufacturers, and the A&D industry have
a responsibility to reduce building operation 3. Insulated sandwich wall panels can be:
impacts by developing more environmentally a. Architectural b. Structural
friendly and energy efficient products and then c. Both d. Neither
specifying them in the buildings they design.
Designing and specifying a more efficient 4. Which of the following describes structural behavior in which the wythes are connected using structural connectors through
the insulation that fully transfer loads so that the structural performance is then based on the full thickness of the panel.
building envelope assembly is one means to
a. Composite b. Non-composite
this end. A high-performance building offers
c. Non-structural
owners a greater return on investment than a
conventional building due to reduced energy
5. Which of the following is a use for precast concrete sandwich wall panels?
and operating costs, lower maintenance costs,
a. Exterior walls b. Interior walls
improved functionality, and resilience after a
c. Cladding d. Beams
catastrophic event.
e. Bearing walls f. All of the above
A high-performance building must be more
energy efficient than a standard building that 6. Precast concrete wall panels can reduce mechanical system requirements and energy consumption throughout a building,
resulting in savings of up to ______percent of heating and cooling costs, depending on local climate.
only meets the minimum requirements of the
a. 10 b. 15
energy code. A building’s energy performance
c. 20 d. 25
is determined by the local climate, the building’s
system, and its occupancy. An energy efficient 7. High-performance precast concrete sandwich wall panels commonly have steady state R-values ranging from _______.
building envelope integrates and optimizes a. 4 to 6 b. 10 to 15
glazing, insulation levels, solar reflectivity of c. 12 to 22 d. 18 to 25
exterior surfaces, air, and vapor barriers, and
thermal mass. 8. Which of the following characteristics of precast concrete wall panels contributes to superior energy efficiency?
a. High specific heat b. High density
ADVANCING THE BUILDING ENVELOPE c. Low conductivity d. Thermal mass
USING PRECAST CONCRETE INSULATED e. High albedo f. All of the above
WALL PANELS
High-performance precast insulated sandwich 9. The goal of ORNL’s experimentation was to reduce the weight of a typical precast concrete panel by ______.
a. 1/4 b. 1/2
wall panels contribute significantly toward these
c. 2/3 d. 3/4
goals. The interior and exterior concrete wythes
protect the insulation layer against damage
10. The reduced thickness version of a precast concrete insulated panel developed by ORNL has a _____ lb density.
during construction, limit production of toxic
a. 100 b. 50
gases from the insulation during and after
c. 300 d. 75
building fires, and do not promote flame spread
to adjacent components. In addition, concrete
wythes resist insect, rodent, and impact
damage, do not support mold growth, provide SPONSOR INFORMATION
excellent air barriers, and limit air infiltration.
Further, the insulation cannot shift or settle
during or after construction, so there are no
gaps or degradation in thermal protection.9

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to read the rest of the article and complete
The Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute develops, maintains and disseminates information to the
marketplace to ensure the highest quality and safest design, fabrication, and construction of plant-
manufactured precast concrete structures. PCI’s members are proud stewards of the built environment,
the corresponding quiz for credit.
committed to creating beautiful, functional, and resilient building systems.

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 ICON Sunset Bronson Studios, Los Angeles, CA
photo: Eric Standenmaier Photography

DESIGN OUTSIDE THE BOX.

Architectural creativity should not be constrained by the material world. With precast
concrete, your vision can go far outside the box. Requirements like meeting LEED
.VSKJLY[PÄJH[PVUÅL_PIPSP[`^P[OJVSVYZHUK[L_[\YLZZ[Y\J[\YHSZ[YLUN[OHUKHULJPLU[
installation are not limitations with precast concrete. They’re advantages. That’s why
precast concrete is so much more than a material. It’s a solution.

Find your strength in precast concrete. Visit PCI.org.

is your studio first class?
The Studio Prize is an annual design awards program that recognizes innovative, thoughtful, and ethical studio courses
at accredited architecture schools. The prize is designed to celebrate the creativity of studio course curricula as well as
the sophistication of the work students produce in response. The exclusive sponsor, Sloan, has generously made $20,000
available for student prizes. The jury will also confer the $5,000 Sloan Award to students in a winning studio or studios that
address sustainability, specifically water conservation.

4th ANNUAL

Call for entries

ELIGIBILITY RECOGNITION
All full-time, part-time, and visiting faculty and administrators may submit studio course curricula, Winners will be featured in the September
and the resulting student work, for consideration. All studio courses must have occurred in the issue of architect with expanded coverage
context of an accredited Bachelor of Architecture or Master of Architecture program, or their online at architectmagazine.com.
equivalents, and all must have been concluded within the 2018–2019 academic year. Summer 2018
studios are also eligible. For full eligibility requirements, visit studioprize.com.

HOW TO ENTER DEADLINES FEES

submit your work at regular June 14, 2019 administrative fee $45
> studioprize.com late June 21, 2019 late fee $25 (for entries submitted after June 14)
CONTINUING EDUCATION

ARCHITECTURAL METAL WALL PANELS

FOR CURTAINWALL, STOREFRONT,
Presented by:

AND WALL APPLICATIONS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Ballet Memphis, Memphis, TN
Installing Contractor: Ralph Jones Sheet Metal Upon completion of this course the student will be able to:
Architect: archimania
Profiles: Snap-lock seam, Perforated snap-lock 1. Examine the various materials used to design metal
seam, Corrugated, Perforated corrugated wall panel systems for curtainwall, storefronts, or
Colors: Zinc, natural copper material wall applications.
2. Compare and contrast the different types of
architectural metal wall panels and where they can
be specified.
3. Analyze coating systems for various architectural metal
wall panels.
4. Identify potential sources of aesthetic issues that may
affect the visual appearance of metal wall panels and
how to prevent them.

CONTINUING EDUCATION
AIA CREDIT: 1 LU/ELECTIVE
AIA COURSE NUMBER: AR052019-8
Use the learning objectives above to focus your
study as you read this article. To earn credit
and obtain a certificate of completion, visit
http://go.hw.net/AR052019-8 and complete the
quiz for free as you read this article. If you are new
to Hanley Wood University, create a free learner
account; returning users log in as usual.

Photo: archimania

INTRODUCTION TO STEEL AND ALUMINUM shearing and bending equipment. Note that comes in application rates of G-30 to G-60.²
CLADDING PRODUCTS roll-formed metal wall panels will not look G-30 is unsuitable for metal wall panels,
like aluminum composite panels, which are and G-60 is typically used to save money.
Factory-produced architectural metal wall
designed to be completely flat. G-90 is the preferred zinc coating to use on
panels are suitable for a wide range of
commercial, industrial, and retail applications. The custom, heavy gauge fabrication process for pre-painted applications.² Over time, the zinc
Their color, trim, and coating varieties add a factory-made metal panels creates a product that coating will erode due to its natural oxidizing
modern flair to any project type with the added is ideal for curtainwall and glazing industries. properties, thus exposing the metal panel to
benefits of easy installation, low energy costs, the elements and decreasing the overall service
Metal Types life. Zinc is not recommended for unpainted
longevity, and minimal maintenance. Metal wall
panels have many mechanical and aesthetic Carbon sheet steel is an inexpensive choice applications or wet, humid climates, or in any
advantages over other cladding systems, which for metal wall panels, but its natural chemical saltwater environment.²
will be explored in this course. properties are easily susceptible to the weather.² Galvalume, an aluminum/zinc alloy is one
The two most common steel coatings specified option on the list of acceptable materials that
Factory-formed metal panels are versatile
to prevent corrosion and create an impermeable can be painted for use as metal wall panels. The
and can be cut according to multiple lengths,
moisture barrier are zinc and galvalume, or list includes painted G-90, painted Galvalume,
widths, and curvatures and with greater
galvanized steel. Galvanized steel panels with Zinc and copper. Galvalume meets ASTM
precision than field-formed metal wall panels.
a 70 percent PVDF finish are available in 16 to
Aluminum, anodized aluminum, copper, Specification A792, which covers coating
26-gauge panels.
galvanized steel, zinc, and stainless-steel metal weight requirements. AZ-50 and AZ-55 are
cladding products come in multiple gauges and Pure zinc, otherwise known as galvanized, the application coating weight designation
are manufactured with advanced CNC precision provides a thin coating to slow corrosion and indicating that the aluminum-zine alloy coating
SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION
CONTINUING EDUCATION

application (0.50 ounces per square foot TYPES OF ARCHITECTURAL METAL

CASE STUDY: CADE MUSEUM, and 0.55 ounces per square foot applied to WALL PANELS
GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA both sides of the Galvalume sheet)¹. In North
Factory-made does not mean that quality,
American measurements, AZ-50 is equivalent
artisanship, or exact tolerances are sacrificed; in
to about 0.8 mil (0.0008") on each side of the
fact, factory-made panels are formed to tighter
sheet, and AZ-55 to about 1.0 mil (0.001") on tolerances and consistency. Working with the
each side. Coating thickness has a direct effect right manufacturer allows the project to include
on the lifespan of the metal panels. Coating precision-made metal wall panels produced to
thickness is measured as ounces of coating per closely held tolerances for custom components.
square foot on both sides. Advanced CNC shearing and bending
AZ-50 is recommended for applications equipment, and roll-formed profiles now make
that require formability to ensure maximum even difficult jobs more cost-effective. Most
coating adhesion. factory-made metal wall panels can be done for
Installing Contractor: Architectural Sheet Metal; Architect: GWWO, Inc. parts up to 20 feet long with custom radius and
Architects; Photographer: hortonphotoinc.com AZ-55 is preferred for unpainted applications bullnose parts. Custom heavy or light gauge
Profile: 7/8” Corrugated and corrosion resistance. Its uniform thickness
Color: Galvalume Plus
parts including 16 to 26-gauge galvanized steel
of 1.76 mils on both sides will generally last or 16 to 20-ounce copper can be formed into
Building Materials Bring Creativity to Life upwards of 50 or 60 years, depending on the custom-designed panels or simple angles.
A museum devoted to exploring and expanding climate. AZ-55 is starting to gain popularity in
creativity must have an eye-catching design, and painted applications, even though the finished Corrugated Wall Panels
that is indeed the case for the recently opened Cade panel system will not withstand scratches as
Museum for Creativity + Invention in Gainesville,
Corrugated metal wall panels are well-suited
well as an unpainted panel. for light commercial, agricultural, and storage
Florida. With its cylindrical core and extending
arcs, it almost appears to be in motion – a sense of Bare Galvalume metal wall panels should avoid facilities, as well as for decorative residential
movement reinforced by the running lines of the contact with acids and alkalis as it tends to stain applications. It is an economical choice for
structure’s corrugated metal wall and roof panels. wall cladding due to the single skin design.4
easily.² In addition, contact with pressure-treated
The Cade Museum’s namesake, Dr. James Robert wood, or wet lumbar is not recommended for Corrugated metal panels are durable, mainly
Cade, embodied a spirit of creativity. In 2004, he bare or prepainted Galvalume sheets.¹ Galvalume due to technology advances that enhance the
and his wife established a foundation to fund the panels’ life span. Single skin corrugated metal
can display cosmetic stains from footprints,
museum’s construction, along with a permanent gift panels remain the top choice in commercial
to cover a portion of its ongoing operations. handprints, etc, from installation so this should
be avoided, and architects should specify a building construction.
The new museum incorporates laboratory and
thin acrylic coating to be added as a temporary When specifying corrugated wall panels, building
maker spaces, gathering space for puzzling and
presentations, and, of course, a permanent exhibit surface protectant.² In new construction, if professionals have three options: fixed-fastened
on the science behind the beverage that built Dr. concrete is to be poured, ensure it is completed (concealed clip), clip-fastened (concealed clip)
Cade’s reputation. The design is intended to grow in prior to installing galvanized steel wall panels, as and exposed fastener. The clip-fastened panel
a planned second phase that will expand the current the mortar can damage the panel. enables builders to enlarge or reduce the wall
21,000 square foot facility by an additional 24,000
square foot. Painted aluminum wall panels are another
The museum’s exploded-circle plan required some option. The panels come in a versatile
Skyvue Apartments, Pittsburgh, PA
creativity on the part of metal panel installers. “There prefinished sheet that is pre-painted with a 70 Installing Contractor: Wyatt, Inc.; Architect: Niles Bolton
were six different radiuses around the building,” percent polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) finish. The Profiles: Flush, 7/8” Corrugated, Sheet
explained the project manager. In total, his crew PVDF finish is applied to G-90 galvanized steel, Colors: Bone white, stone white, matte black, charcoal
installed 11,400 square foot of 22-gauge corrugated galvalume steel, or prime quality aluminum.
straight panels and 6,000 sq. ft. of corrugated curved
It was originally developed for use in abrasive
panels, all in a Galvalume Plus finish.
environments where high winds, salt, or heavy
Detail work in the area where a 45 foot banner, rains would cause corrosion. This prefinished
with 4-in. by 4-in. structural supports, was planned
sheet metal is well suited for roofing, wall,
to be hung proved even more time consuming
than the building’s curved profiles. “We had to cut curtainwall, storefront and trim applications.
penetrations into the panels as they were being
Look for a two-step anodizing process, which
installed,” the project manager said. “Each one of
those penetrations took four to five man-hours –
produces architectural bronzes and black in
and there were 45 penetrations.” And, of course, coil stock. Other aluminum sheets are available
all those penetrations required custom flashings to with a clear finish, which is done through coil
protect against water penetration. anodizing to control uniformity of appearance.
The finished facility has garnered a number of Both of these coatings will be explored in more
awards, including the S.T.A.R. Award from the Florida detail in a later section. Other options for metal
Roofing and Sheet Metal Association, along with an wall panels include copper, which is available in
ENR Southeast Best Project of the Year award. 16 and 20-ounce cold rolled sheet and coil, and
stainless-steel type 304 2B. Photo: hortonphotoinc.com

SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

CONTINUING EDUCATION

panel system easily. Profile variances in rib height GLOSSARY manufactured in longer lengths and clips
and spacing, plus other design features afford an should be used for aluminum panels longer
1. Anodized
architect many options to be creative with the Electrolytic process by which an aluminum metal
than 22 feet and steel panels longer than 30
visual aesthetic. Intermixing profiles, colors and coating provides a protective oxide layer feet. Corrugated metal wall panels can be
spacing is becoming popular for creating random 2. Camber
specified as perforated in aluminum only for
mosaic patterns. One possible cause of oil canning in metal wall use in equipment screen applications, sound
panels; identified as a deviation of a side edge from abatement or over graphics.
Panels can be used in horizontal or vertical
a straight line
applications. Installation costs are kept low Flush and Reveal Wall Panels
3. Delta E
because the metal panels can withstand poor
The measure of change on the Hunter Scale to judge When designers want a flush or flat
weather conditions, and the panels often go up the visual perception of two colors. appearance with metal on wall, fascia and soffit
quickly, allowing the rest of the build to progress
4. Flashing applications, flush and reveal panels provide the
with minimal delays. Corrugated single skin Aluminum or galvanized steel material installed desired look, compared to aluminum composite
metal panels have a life span of up to 20 or 30 over joints in wall and metal roof panels to prevent
panels, which are completely flat. Panel lengths
years, depending on the climate and coating. moisture intrusion
ranging from four to 25 feet are factory-formed
5. Galvalume
Panel depths come in either 7/8-inch or 1 3/8- to length. With longer panel lengths, it is
55 percent Aluminum-Zinc alloy coated sheet steel
inch. Profiles can be combined on the same wall recommended to use up to two stiffening
6. Hunter ∆E
to enhance the visual intensity and depending beads. Fastener size is determined by panel and
Refers to the Hunter Scale; provides units of
on the type of metal. It is important to have look measurement for anticipated color fade. clip fastener clearances and vary according to
aesthetically at these paneling when specifying the manufacturer. The type and thickness of the
7. MCM
as there are anywhere between 15 and 40 colors Metal composite materials, refers to wall panels substrate will determine fastener length.
available. The most common metal types are: where two single metal skins are bonded together
Flush and reveal panels are known for their
• 22-gauge steel with an engineered plastic core in the middle
strength and ability to withstand extreme
8. Mica
• 24-gauge steel weather thanks to the rounded interlock
Metal flakes made of sheet silicate minerals used in
leg concealed fastening system. During
• .032 aluminum metallic paints
manufacturing, precision roll-forming
• .040 aluminum 9. Oil canning
The elastic buckling, or visible waviness in the flat
equipment ensures the panel profiles are
• .050 aluminum areas of metal panels consistent and exact. In high wind areas and
10. PVDF high elevation lines, the addition of restrictor
Panel length depends on the type of material. clips is recommended.
Polyvinylidene Fluoride coatings that are weather
For example, the maximum length for steel
resistant and contain high thermal properties,
is 30 feet and the maximum length for depending on the resin finish
Flush and reveal panels can be installed
aluminum is 22 feet. Clip panels can be against substrates of lumber, plywood,

AISD Performing Arts Center, Austin, TX Patuxent River Naval Air Museum &
Installing Contractor: Texas Roofing, Co. Visitor Center, Lexington Park, MD
Architect: Pfluger Associates Architects Installing Contractor: AGM Contracting, Inc.
Profiles: Flush Panels, M-42 Panel Architect: Westlake Reed Leskosky
Colors: Burgundy, Colonial Red, Terra Cotta, Profiles: 7/8” Corrugated
Galvalume Colors: Custom Cadet Grey

Photo: Tom Coplen Photo: hortonphotoinc.com

SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

CONTINUING EDUCATION

cold-formed Cee and Zee sections, hot rolled QUIZ

beams or concrete and masonry. Specific
installation requirements and specifications 1. According to the course, the two most common steel coatings specified for corrosion prevention and moisture
vary by region and project type. For example, impermeability are ______ and _______.
in windscreen applications, flush and reveal a. Zinc/Stainless Steel b. Zinc/Galvalume
panels should be fastened through side c. Galvalume/Stainless Steel d. Zinc/Aluminum Alloy
joints if possible, or use restrictor clips.
Panels should always be installed over a solid 2. According to the course, most factory-made metal panels can be done for parts up to ____ feet long with custom radius
and bullnose parts.
substrate with an ice and water shield, when
a. 5 b. 20
needed, or over framing sections.
c. 45 d. 50
Materials used in flush and reveal panels
3. Flush and reveal panels CANNOT be installed against which type of substrate?
include 22- and 24-gauge steel, .032 and .040
a. Soil retention system b. Lumber or plywood
aluminum, and galvalume plus. Color choice is
c. Cold-forrmed cee and zee sections d. Hot rolled beams
important as there are many colors available;
however, it is important to note that there is a
4. The course mentions four elements to consider when choosing the best fastener. Which of the following is described
visual difference between flush and reveal panels as an element that should be considered?
and aluminum composite panels. Camber and oil a. Material choice b. Impact resistance
canning are to be expected with this panel type. c. Design wind loading d. Thermal pressure

Exposed Fastener Panels

5. According to the course, normal bowing of up to ____ or more is possible.
Unlike flush and reveal panels, which conceal a. ¼ inch b. 1/6 inch
the fasteners and provide a seamless look, c. 1/8 inch d. ½ inch
exposed fastener panels attach directly
to the frame supports with fasteners that 6. According to the course, deflection is caused by which of the following:

are visible on the exterior. For this reason, a. High wind load b. Expansion/Contraction due to temperature changes

exposed fastener metal panels have another c. Both A&B d. None of the above

dimension to visual appeal: the fasteners

7. PVDF coatings are used in all of the following extrusion applications except:
themselves. If the fasteners are screwed in
a. Curtainwall systems b. Aluminum panels
too tightly, the panels can bend in extreme
c. Soffits and fascia d. Doors and windows
cases. Extra maintenance is required over time.
Architects should consult local building codes 8. An example of a surface imperfection due to poor framing is:
prior to specification, especially in areas that a. Deflection b. Color fading
experience high winds. c. Dents or dimples d. UV-damage

While these panels are less expensive and

9. When choosing a metallic color, a _______ is required for any color that contains bright, exotic colors or metallic flakes.
more efficient to install than hidden fastener
a. Clear top coat b. Primer
panels, in industrial buildings with vertical
c. Colored top coat d. None of the above
applications, exposed fastener panels still offer
an architecturally attractive metal panel option. 10. Custom heavy or light gauge parts including _____ galvanized steel or _____ copper can be used for metal wall
panel installations.
Profile options available include 7/8-inch and
a. 16-26 gauge // 16-20 oz b. 12-14 gauge // 16-20 oz
1/2-inch corrugated panels and come with
c. 25-30 gauge // 12-20 oz d. 16-20 gauge // 16-26 oz
color-matched screws and rivets. Closure
strips are available and pre-cut lengths vary
by manufacturer. Gauge, spacing, design
wind loading, and gauge and configuration
of the panel are the four main elements to ª This article continues on http://go.hw.net/AR052019-8.
Go online to read the rest of the article and complete the corresponding quiz for credit.

consider when choosing the best fastener. To

SPONSOR INFORMATION
demonstrate, steel thickness can limit fastener
diameter; the panel’s surface area will impact
fastener resistance to pulling; and, wind
load requirements determine how strong the
fastener needs to be.
M-36 and 1/2-inch corrugated panels are Petersen, a Carlisle company, manufactures PAC-CLAD metal cladding products in multiple gauges of steel
suitable for wall and equipment screen projects. and aluminum, including standing seam roof panels, hidden- and exposed-fastener wall panels, flush panels,
Flashing for exposed fastener panels ranges soffit panels, perforated metal, coil and flat sheet, fascia and coping, composite panels and column covers.
from .032 to .050 gauge for aluminum and All are available in 70% PVDF finish in 45 colors.
24- or 22-gauge for steel.
SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION
CONTINUING EDUCATION

THE EVOLUTION OF BRICK CONTINUES: Presented by:

MECHANICALLY ANCHORED BRICK

RAINSCREEN ASSEMBLIES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:
1. Review the history and traditional use of brick over the centuries, and how the brick
industry has evolved in recent years.
2. Examine mechanically anchored brick rainscreen assemblies, including how they
improve the performance of wall assemblies and why they are easier to install than
traditional brick or brick veneer.
3. Understand why moisture management is imperative and how brick wall systems
with a built-in rainscreen assembly can help to mitigate moisture.
4. Explore case studies where mechanically anchored brick rainscreen assemblies
were used.

CONTINUING EDUCATION
AIA CREDIT: 1 LU/ELECTIVE
AIA COURSE NUMBER: AR052019-9
Use the learning objectives above to focus your study as you read this article. To earn
credit and obtain a certificate of completion, visit http://go.hw.net/AR052019-9 and
complete the quiz for free as you read this article. If you are new to Hanley Wood
University, create a free learner account; returning users log in as usual.

Emerson College, Boston, MA

Photo Credit: Bill Horsman Photography.

BRICK: A BRIEF HISTORY relative affordability of the materials, brick Part of the changing attitudes of the
structures soon outpaced those made of construction industry involve building for the
Across the globe, ancient structures made
stone, and during the 19th century, American moment rather than for longevity. Las Vegas,
of brick, including parts of the Great Wall of
China, have stood the test of time. In other cities like Boston and New York preferred the for example, is emblematic of the changing of
regions of the world, like Egypt, ancient houses use of brick. At this time, as the popularity of priorities. Many structures are built with the
made of clay and straw brick in ancestral brick grew, more than 10 million bricks were recognition that at some point in the future,
villages in the countryside are still standing. produced annually in the United States.¹ they will be knocked down and replaced, and
Some are still inhabited. words like “lightweight” and “quick-built” have
Now, however, one of the world’s oldest and
The ancient bricks used to build such structures most revered building materials finds itself in
were made by letting the clay and straw dry in the tumult of a changing industry.
the sun. Eventually, fired bricks were invented,
Changes in Construction
and cooler climates were able to manufacture
them. Romans took this technology a step Some experts claim that the construction
further and introduced mobile kilns. This allowed industry in general has changed more in the last
them to build brick structures throughout the two decades than at any other time, including
empire, including arches, aqueducts, vaults, during the Industrial Revolution. Most of these
walls, and forts. changes can be attributed to the adoption of
Bricks continued to be made by hand until a variety of technology, such as digital records
1885. Out of the Industrial Revolution, and plans, smart gadgets, and construction
however, came machinery to make bricks. By management software.2 Technology, as well as
changing attitudes, has now opened the way The Albi Cathedral was first built as a fortress, and beginning in 1282,
1925, a single machine could produce 12,000
was under construction for 200 years. Today, some claim it is the
bricks a day compared to about 5,000 made for new construction methods in general and in largest brick structure in the world. This demonstrates the life span
by hand. Because of these advances and the the brick industry. and durability of brick used in buildings.

SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

CONTINUING EDUCATION

GLOSSARY become buzz words. Concurrent with the drive buildings, the weight of brick requires extra
to build quickly and temporarily is the skilled structural components to anchor it safely to the
Continuous insulation (ci)
No break in insulation across all structural
labor shortage. Tradesmen International notes upper floors. A traditional brick veneer typically
components with the exception of fasteners and that from 2006 through 2011, the construction weighs about 40 pounds per square foot
service openings. industry lost 2.3 million jobs. Since 2011, both making one of the heaviest facades use today.
DBV rainscreen system residential and commercial construction have
In addition to structural reinforcement, the
A drained and back-ventilated (DBV) rainscreen rebounded; however, a generation of potential
weight of traditional brick requires extra
system “features an exterior control plane and/ skilled laborers have shied away from entering
or cladding panels with open joints designed to equipment and handling on site. Building with
the industry or have chosen not to return after
accommodate differentials in pressure between the brick also requires skilled laborers working
the recession caused so many jobs to be lost.
exterior air and [the air] behind the cladding.” longer hours, as brick structures are built by
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics and
Kerf hand, one brick at a time.
National Association of Home Builders (NAHB),
The width of a cut in a piece of material; “kerf
cuts” refers to making many cuts along the width there are currently 143,000 vacant construction Weather conditions further affect the
of a material positions nationwide. The NAHB states that construction process of building with brick, as
Pressure equalization one of the effects of this skilled labor shortage brick cannot be laid in inclement weather. Brick
"When the outside air pressure is transferred to an is that 69% of its members are experiencing structures require strong attraction between the
air space behind the exterior cladding, the cladding delays in completing projects on time.3 brick and mortar, and rain and cold can reduce
is exposed to a near-zero pressure differential.” stability. Once the walls of a structure are built,
R-value
Mechanically engineered rainscreen systems the brick must be treated for protection from the
The ability of insulation to resist heat flow. are lighter and easier to install than traditional weather; untreated brick must be shielded from
Solid masonry wall
brick, utilizing a wider labor force. Brick the weather for the duration of construction.4
Made of multiple wythes of brick, concrete, cinder rainscreen systems also offer better protection More and more conventional brick is perceived
block, or some combination of those three. against weather and water and increased as old-world technology, more labor intensive,
Thermal mass thermal performance over simple brick veneers. heavier construction, more time consuming,
The ability of a material to absorb and store heat Driven by newly evolved technologies, brick creating unnecessary clutter at the job site.
Wythe rainscreen assemblies point to the future of
A continuous vertical section of masonry; one unit building with brick. Other experts, however, note a paradox
thick; can be independent or locked together with seemingly inherent in the brick industry.
another adjoining wythe; can be structural or PROS, CONS, AND THE EVOLUTION OF Authors Rosefielde and Mills, quoted in an
non-structural THE BRICK INDUSTRY article written for Carnegie Mellon University
Single wythe state the following:
A single vertical layer of masonry
For millennia, bricks have been used for their
strength, durability, and aesthetic. Brick also “Bricklaying...is said not to have changed
Multiple wythe
More than one vertical section of masonry laid allows less air infiltration than many other in thousands of years; perhaps in the literal
behind or in front of one another siding materials. Due to its density, it has a placing of brick on brick it has not. But
high thermal mass. In the summer, it is more masonry technology has changed a great deal.
likely to remain cool during Motorized wheelbarrows and mortar mixers,
the day, and in the winter, it sophisticated scaffolding systems, and forklift
stores and reflects heat back trucks now assist the bricklayer. New epoxy
into living spaces. Bricks are mortars give stronger adhesion between bricks.
noncombustible, cannot be Mortar additives and cold-weather protection
eaten by termites or insects, eliminate winter shutdowns.”5
and do not rot or corrode.
Compared with wood, vinyl, Apart from advances in machinery, the firing of
brick, and the composition of mortar, the laying of
aluminum, or artificial-stucco
traditional brick has not changed much. However,
sidings, brick buildings need
recent technological advances have allowed brick
little maintenance.
to evolve from ten feet thick walls, to gravity
Despite these attributes, loaded single wythe brick, and now to a stud
however, bricks are losing loaded mechanically anchored brick rainscreen
market share, particularly in assembly viable for Class A construction.
the commercial sector. Their
From Multiple Wythe Structural Brick,
weight, cost, and installation
Single Wythe Gravity Loaded Veneer to
time have become drawbacks.
Stud Loaded, Mechanically Anchored Brick
For instance, steel framing
Rainscreen Assembly
behind a brick wall requires
additional reinforcement In recent decades, the brick industry has seen
to support the heavier and countless attempts at modernization. Most
Full Wall Assembly of Traditional Brick Veneer more rigid 4” thick brick wall attempts fall into the category of adhered veneers
SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION
CONTINUING EDUCATION

FROM MULTIPLE WYTHE STRUCTURAL BRICK, SINGLE WYTHE GRAVITY LOADED VENEER
TO STUD LOADED, MECHANICALLY ANCHORED BRICK RAINSCREEN ASSEMBLY
Within the last century, single wythe masonry systems have replaced multiple wythe systems. The Mason Contractors Association of America (MCAA) notes several
benefits to working with a single wythe masonry system:
• Can be designed as panels, curtain walls, load bearing walls, shear walls, bomb blast walls, fire-rated shelter walls, and more.
• Unlike veneer, does not require back up, shelf angles, or perimeter beams.
• Can be used for interior partitions where noise abatement, fire separation, and durability are important, such as in offices, schools, and hotels.
• Durable and long-lasting.6
Despite the durability, aesthetic appeal, and cost-effectiveness when compared to a multiple wythe system, the MCAA notes several drawbacks to single wythe assemblies:
• Can be difficult to make weather-tight; no drainage cavity.
• Batt insulation cannot be used, as water may leak through; rigid insulation board must be used that can tolerate occasional moisture.
• If in an area with high levels of moisture, a drainage cavity should be built; closed-cell rigid insulation should be used, as well as flashing, and joints should be taped.7

glued to various substrate materials. To date few, waterproofing. Water that entered the external- • Freeze-thaw durability; if one unit fails,
if any, of these systems have reached the level facing wythe could be channeled out through the rest will most likely fail; susceptible to
of performance and security required for Grade the cavity. In other words, water was controlled water intrusion
A construction nor have they made the kind of through absorption and evaporation. With • The scratch coat is often skipped and daubs
headway hoped for from an industry in transition. single wythe brick veneer, however, flashings of mortar are applied to back of brick; “lick
might be missing in places like window heads, and stick” method offers less than 100%
When brick was first used millennia ago, it
mortar can deteriorate over time, and steel coverage on back of masonry
was primarily used structurally. Multiple wythe
embedded in the masonry walls can rust or
brick walls were heavy, damp, and thick. Using • Materials not rated for wet environment
“exfoliate,” which would result in increased
multiple wythes made for exceptional durability
water entry and the cracking of masonry. • Insufficient drainage/trapped moisture;
and long life as inner sections were not exposed
cannot install below grade; surface seal
to weather. The cavity that existed between In many buildings over the last 80 years,
unreliable
wythes also helped to increase insulation and veneer has become the norm instead of a solid
masonry wall. When veneer is used, rather • Problems with movement accommodation8
than the brick holding up the structure of the Despite these issues and drawbacks adhered brick
“We have been using thin brick building, the building holds up the brick. The veneer has continued to be used, as it is promoted
[on a current project], and we are brick masonry is gravity-loaded and supported and sold as relatively inexpensive compared to
by the foundation. At the third floor and above traditional masonry in spite of the masons’ claims
not happy with the performance relieving angles and lintels must be used to of not much difference in installed costs. It is thin
and quality. We are building a support the weight of the brick further. After profile, lighter weight, and can be installed by a
40 to 50 years, many steel angles have started
project next to another project to rust and deteriorate, which in turn has
that is using a fully anchored caused the brick to crumble.
masonry rainscreen system. It has become relatively slow, tedious, and
expensive to build with brick in this traditional
After seeing this system and manner. Existing buildings that need to be
interacting with the mason on the brought up to code face an expensive and
other project, we are never going daunting task. However, the next iteration
of brick—mechanically engineered brick
to use thin brick again. [With the rainscreen systems—offers the same aesthetic
masonry rainscreen system,] as traditional brick and better performance.

bricks do not pop off like with thin Not “Sticky Brick”
brick. This system is heads and Mechanically anchored and fully engineered
rainscreen systems are not to be confused with
shoulders above conventional “sticky brick” or adhered veneers. Adhered brick
masonry and thin brick that we’ve veneer can come in a variety of forms and is used
solely for aesthetic purposes: thin set (directly
used in the past, and we will be applied with no lath), thick set (with metal lath),
using it going forward.” panelized, and as prefabricated panels. As the
–Joe Ferolito, Tocci Building Corporation Masonry Society notes, there are a multitude of Multiple bond patterns can be created including staggered, stacked,
problems associated with adhered veneer: horizontal, soldier, and can be used at soffit overhangs.

SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

CONTINUING EDUCATION

“moderately skilled craftsman.” It is also easier to QUIZ

transport adhered brick veneer to the construction
site. However, new code requirements emphasize 1. Bricks continued to be made by hand until __________.
the drawbacks of using adhered brick veneer. a. 1601 b. 1776
For instance, the product struggles to meet air c. 1885 d. 1923
barrier/vapor retarder, continuous insulation, and
drainage plane requirements.9 2. The National Association of Home Builders notes that there is a current labor shortage. This has resulted in __________
vacant construction positions nationwide.
MECHANICALLY ANCHORED BRICK a. 43,000 b. 143,000
RAINSCREEN ASSEMBLY FOR CLASS c. 161,000 d. 200,000
A CONSTRUCTION: A PREFERRED
ALTERNATIVE 3. Traditional 4-inch brick veneer weighs about 40 pounds per square foot. Mechanically anchored brick veneer rainscreen
systems, which have brick measuring about 1-inch thick, weigh less than ______ pounds per square foot.
New technology developed in Europe and a. 15 b. 20
Canada is now being manufactured and c. 24 d. 33
installed in the United States. Fully anchored
rainscreen brick façades are designed for 4. Problems with “sticky brick” or adhered brick veneer include which of the following:
commercial, institutional, and healthcare a. Susceptibility to water intrusion, problems with movement accommodation b. Materials not rated for wet environment
markets. As opposed to “sticky brick” veneers, c. Insufficient drainage, trapped moisture, cannot install below grade d. All of the above
anchored brick systems provide security and
confidence for long-term performance. 5. Which of the following are attributes of mechanically anchored brick rainscreen assemblies?
a. Continuous insulation b. Rear ventilation with full and open cavity
They are ideal for mid- and high-rise construction c. Uninterrupted air/moisture barrier d. All of the above
as well as recladding. These systems provide
for continuous insulation, rear ventilation, and 6. Mechanically anchored rainscreen assemblies create a full _____ inch cavity for ventilation, drainage, and possible pressure
uninterrupted air/moisture barrier. Lighter, equalization.
a. ½ b. ¾
quicker, and higher performing than traditional
c. 1 d. 2
or conventional brick veneer installations, the
mechanically anchored brick rainscreen assembly
7. Traditional brick has a framing load of L/900. Brick rainscreen assemblies are compatible with ______loads, which eliminates
is at the cutting edge of high performing the need for reinforced framing loads.
brick wall assemblies. As noted, it is now a. L/360 b. L/390
manufactured in the United States and offers a c. L/630 d. L/700
wide selection of brick color options and types.
The system, with sub-framing, weighs in at less 8. Mechanically anchored brick rainscreen assemblies are tested and meet or exceed which of the following codes?
than 15 pounds per square foot and is ideal a. AAMA 501.5 - Thermal Cycling of Exterior Walls, ASTM E283 - Air Leakage, and ASTM E330-Structural Performance
for new construction and retrofit projects. It b. ASTM E331 - Water Penetration, ASTM 1886-13a - Large Missile Impact, and ASTM 1996-14a - Large Missile Impact
is designed to last the life of the building, and c. ASTM C216 Face Brick Grade SW (Severe Weathering) and ASTM C270 Type N Mortar Cement with polymer additives for
some manufacturers offer a 50-year warranty. work-ability and durability
d. All of the above
This innovation is changing the way brick is
installed in the United States.
9. Emerson College constructed a new, _______-story building using mechanically anchored brick rainscreen assemblies as
exterior cladding.
a. 5 b. 11
c. 18 d. 20

10. The contractors working on the new building for Emerson College that utilized brick rainscreen assemblies maintained
that the assemblies had which of the following characteristics?
a. Cost-effective, durable finish b. Light-weight, traditional look
c. Meets/exceed all applicable codes d. All of the above

SPONSOR INFORMATION

Bricks are permanently secured into custom perforated trays.

Desana Partners is a distributor of fully engineered rainscreen systems in North America. System offerings include

ª This article continues on Casalgrande porcelain, Dekton Engineered Stone, Ceramica Mayor terracotta, and Belden/Redland brick rainscreen
http://go.hw.net/AR052019-9. systems. Desana supplies the engineering and shop drawings for the construction team and delivers the complete
system (facade material, sub-framing, shop drawings, and engineering), to the site. We believe the exterior facade
Go online to read the rest of the article and
is the first and most important standard by which buildings are measured. www.desanapartners.com
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enter your best projects in the 20th annual residential architect design awards
and be recognized for your outstanding work in advancing residential design.

20th ANNUAL

RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECT DESIGN AWARDS

Call for entries

STANDARD ENTRY CATEGORIES ($125) RECOGNITION
1. Custom / Less Than 3,000 Square Feet Winners will be featured in the
2. Custom / More Than 3,000 Square Feet December 2019 issue of architect
with expanded coverage online.
3. Renovation / Adaptive Reuse (residential remodeling and additions)
4. Restoration / Preservation
5. Multifamily Housing ELIGIBILITY
6. Affordable Housing Entries should be submitted by an architect
7. Architectural Interiors (build-outs, interior renovations) or designer. Other building industry
8. Student Housing professionals may submit projects on behalf
9. Outbuilding of an architect or designer. Projects outside
the U.S. are welcomed. Any home or project
10. On the Boards (any unbuilt residential project not yet completed)
completed after Jan. 1, 2015 is eligible.
SPECIALTY ENTRY CATEGORIES ($95)
11. Kitchen
12. Bath
13. Architectural Design Detail

HOW TO ENTER QUESTIONS? DEADLINES

submit your work at email [email protected] regular September 6, 2019
> radesignawards.com (Submission period late September 13, 2019 (Will include
opens in June 2019) a late fee of $50 / entry)

2018 award winner east lawrence sustainable house by studio 804; photo by corey gaffer
Illuminate the Human Experience
Lutron lighting and shading solutions promote comfort, enable enhanced well-being,
and foster engagement.

Introducing Lutron HXL— a holistic approach to human centric lighting, which employs

four elements of lighting design, allowing people to be, work, and feel their best.

Experience it at Lightfair, Booth #1724

lutron.com/HXL

Quality Light

Natural Light

Connection to the Outdoors

Adaptive & Personalized

© 2019 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. © Halkin | Mason Photography

CONTINUING EDUCATION

INCORPORATING HUMAN CENTRIC LIGHTING Presented by:

INTO WORKPLACE LIGHTING DESIGN

WHAT IS HUMAN CENTRIC LIGHTING?
Light has a psychological impact on our mood, energy, motivation,
well-being, and productivity. Human centric lighting is a broad approach
to lighting design that employs multiple strategies to improve the human
experience. It is a framework to guide the integration of lighting and
shading solutions, not just for aesthetics but in a way that caters to the
occupants in a space by delivering the right light at the right time with
good lighting design.
There are four elements that comprise proper human centric lighting
design: quality light, natural light, connection to the outdoors, and
adaptive and personalized control. Further, a holistic human centric
lighting design may also support sustainability, biophilia, and activity-
based design ideals—as we’ll discuss next.
Sustainability
Human centric lighting supports sustainability in various ways. The
implementation of natural light in a space provides a seemingly obvious
opportunity for energy savings, but daylight is highly variable and can
be challenging to incorporate for functional use. The range of daylight
conditions—such as light intensity, view clarity, and light distribution—
make it particularly tricky to use passive, fixed shading devices (e.g.
overhangs, permanent glass tint, fixed louvers, and light shelves) and
still experience a high-performance environment across all daylight
conditions. Instead, the use of interior shading solutions with proper
openness factor and total visible light transmittance can make better
functional use of natural light—allowing daylight into the space while
mitigating glare and reducing solar heat gain. When combined with an
automated daylight autonomy solution, your design can maximize useful
daylight—ultimately reducing the need for electric light with dimming
and related energy consumption.
The use of occupant controls can also contribute to overall sustainability
goals—as personal control for dimming and shading adjustment enable
occupants to use only the light they need in their space.
Human centric lighting is a key element to optimizing the work environment and enhancing productivity.
Photo Credit: Photo © Warren Jagger Photography

LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTINUING EDUCATION

1. Define human centric lighting and examine its four elements: quality light, natural light, connection to CREDIT: 1 LU/HSW
the outdoors, and adaptive and personalized control. COURSE NUMBER: AR052019-10
2. Explore design best practices for human centric lighting and determine ways to communicate the value Use the learning objectives above to focus your
to clients. study as you read this article. To earn credit and
3. Analyze opportunities to specify human centric lighting in the modern workplace to create a more obtain a certificate of completion, visit
comfortable and productive workplace. http://go.hw.net/AR052019-10 and complete the
4. Examine key design considerations and smart technologies that enable human centric lighting. quiz for free as you read this article. If you are
new to Hanley Wood University, create a free
learner account; returning users log in as usual.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

Biophilia centric lighting solutions offer activity-based the indoor environment, better access to views
lighting that is conducive to varying tasks across consistently predicted better performance.3
Research suggests that contact with nature
space types. Exterior views give our eyes a chance to
can be beneficial, leading to improvements in
relax—a moment to take a break from focusing
mood, cognition, and health. Those who are Intuitive personal controls give the power to
on close indoor objects, like a computer screen,
more connected to nature tended to experience change the space where and when needed.
instead focusing on urban or natural landscapes
more positivity, vitality, and life satisfaction Personal control can be deployed in spaces for
at a distance. Access to views and daylight
compared to those less connected to nature.1 social interaction and at the individual level, so
are particularly beneficial for learning and
However, Americans spend approximately occupants may change their personal lighting
office work performance. One study showed
90 percent of their time indoors. Creating an situation as their tasks and desires change.
an improvement in both memory function of
environment where employees feel connected Automated solutions adapt the space to how
office workers and improvement in test scores
to nature is the basis of biophilic design. people work—changing the lighting condition
for students.4 Additionally, providing personal
Fundamentally, we need nature. Human and shading position driven by environmental
control to occupants allows them to adapt
centric lighting is one solution to bringing the sensors and scheduling.
the environment as they’d prefer and dynamic
natural environment indoors, as it incorporates
BENEFITS OF HUMAN CENTRIC LIGHTING overhead lighting that can be tuned for the task
daylighting, access to outdoor views, and
improves motivation.
tunable lighting that can dynamically change Why is human centric lighting important?
with daylight. Lighting designers can embrace While we continue to explore the advantages, Good for Business
the issues of biophilia and natural lighting there are two specific “user” groups who Increases productivity, engagement, and talent
conditions by incorporating human centric stand to benefit the most: occupants and acquisition & retention
lighting elements in their plans.2 end-user/owners.
The effects of human centric lighting have
Activity-Based Good for Occupants piqued the interest of building professionals
More recently, there is amplified focus in Improves overall well-being and comfort and business owners because it is not only
lighting design and architecture to create good for the occupant experience; it is also
spaces that can flex and adapt to the task at Human centric lighting enables enhanced good for business. Business leaders in today’s
hand, a concept often called “activity-based well-being and promotes comfort through competitive workforce are looking for ways to
design.” This is in response to a changing quality lighting and connection to outdoors, attract and retain talent, as well as maximize
work environment, where employees are rarely affecting both mood and focus. The dynamic staff productivity. Improving the overall
sedentary but instead moving from space to nature of daylight and a view of the outdoors well-being of people is also an important goal.6
space and task to task—often requiring more provides visual interest and breaks the
space for collaboration than for individual monotony of repetitive tasks and static interior GLOSSARY
tasks. As workers move and space use changes, views. According to the Heschong Mahone
Human Centric Lighting—an approach to creating
the environment must adapt, as well. Human Group study on office worker performance and
an environment in lighting that changes over the
day and supports people’s comfort, well-being,
and productivity
Biophilia—human tendency to interact with other
forms of nature
Daylighting—maximizing useful daylight to reduce
the use of electric lighting
Natural Light—light from the sun, or electric light
that is intended to dynamically match the sun
Dynamic Lighting—lighting solutions adapting to
changing needs
Daylight Autonomy—The result of designing a space
to maximize the amount of useful daylight,
thereby minimizing or eliminating the need for
supplemental electric light
Circadian Rhythms—physical, mental, and
behavioral changes that follow a daily cycle
Energy Efficiency—the goal to reduce the amount
of energy required to provide products and services
Energy Management System—total light and heat
management by integrating all controls to one
WELL Building Standard—provides a model
for space design and construction that uses
performance-based systems to positively impact the
well-being of the people in the built environment
Shades are a critical component for managing daylight and preventing glare. Photo Credit: Photo © Chris Cooper

SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

CONTINUING EDUCATION

with access to natural light, views of a skyline and no color breakup over time. Lighting
FACTORS OF
or natural feature, and personal control should be smooth and continuous in its
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
technologies that support activity-based work transition, working the way you expect
1. Personal control of environment—provide accessible are highly sought after. Access to daylight is it to. When using a lighting control and
control of lighting and shading of an individual’s, or even more appealing for lease and purchase energy management system, quality light is
a group of people’s, space value, as well. harnessed to improve engagement with high-
2. Task light level—provide control of light level and performance dimming, tunable white controls,
color to the individual so it can be tuned to the task FOUR ELEMENTS OF HUMAN and full-color spectrum controls.
at hand CENTRIC LIGHTING
3. Light distribution—targeted lighting for vertical Natural Light
and horizontal surfaces where tasks occur (e.g. a Specifying human centric lighting requires a
white board) holistic design approach. By including human The second element, natural light, encourages
4. Color appearance—ability to change color centric lighting in the early planning stages of us to maximize the use of natural daylight in a
temperature of white light or full-spectrum control a project, the design professional can develop design and provide a natural light experience
5. Connection to outdoors—provide views, mitigate an approach customized to the client’s specific for every building occupant, regardless of
glare and maximize daylight needs. Lighting design experts argue that just their location in a space. This is accomplished
6. Daylight glare—avoid glare without sacrificing having a circadian-based approach is much through the use of real daylight (delivered
view or daylight with window and shading solutions) and
too narrow. Rather, human centric lighting
7. Daylight access—employees prefer spaces with plays to the ability of the design professional to electric light that can reproduce the experience
significant daylight availability5 of natural light. The result is an experience
look at a project as a whole and make design
decisions that achieve multiple project goals, of natural light extending endlessly into a
like incorporating daylight and reducing energy space—far beyond what daylight could achieve
Gains in worker productivity may be impacted on its own.
consumption while maintaining aesthetics.
by lighting solutions. Multiplying these potential
productivity gains over a workforce population Creating a holistic approach to design involves Connection to the Outdoors
represents a substantial return on investment focus on four elements pivotal to human
The third element of human centric lighting
for employers. centric lighting design. Quality light, natural
is connection to the outdoors and recognizes
light, connection to the outdoors, and adaptive
Moreover, human centric lighting should be our desire for quality views and biophilia. Some
and personalized control are the foundation
considered not just a design strategy but an studies indicate that outdoor views improve the
of human centric lighting design and ensure
amenity that contributes to overall workplace mood, focus, and productivity of occupants.
the design professional achieves a truly human
satisfaction. Recent research points to natural The use of interior shading solutions with
centric environment.
light and access to windows/views as one of proper openness factor and total visible light
the top-requested workplace amenities—a Quality Light transmittance make it possible to provide visual
more straightforward request than the snacks connection to the outdoors while mitigating
The first element, quality light, illuminates glare and bringing useful daylight into the
and services often discussed as key amenities.
the human experience by creating beautiful, space. In short, shading solutions are critical to
In the competition to attract and retain quality
comfortable, and productive environments the human centric lighting environment—as
employees, human centric lighting can be an
with flicker-free lighting, high-fidelity whites, they preserve views to the outdoors without
amenity that sets the company apart. Offices
saturated colors, and consistent light output compromising building or workspace function.

Human centric lighting solutions have evolved to provide activity-based lighting that is conducive to Studies have indicated that connection to the outdoors is a key aspect of human centric lighting, helping to
varying tasks, whether in meeting rooms or flexible workspaces. Photo Credit: Photo © Eric Laignel of improve mood and focus. Photo Credit: Photo © Warren Jagger Photography
Perkins and Will

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

Adaptive and Personalized Control QUIZ

The final element, adaptive and personalized
1. The four elements of HCL are quality of light, natural light, adaptive and personalized control, and __________.
control, allows spaces to dynamically change as
a) Credible design b) Connection to the outdoors
the needs of the occupants change. Harnessing
c) Light intensity d) Sustainability
lighting and shading solutions with intuitive
personal controls gives occupants the power
2. In activity based design what gives the power to change the space where and when needed?
to change their space where and when they
a) Mainframe computers b) Sun shading options
need it. Complementing personal control is
c) Intuitive personal controls d) None of the above
automation, which creates an environment that
intelligently adapts throughout the day as smart 3. Designing best practices for HCL should include harnessing daylight, controlling glare and heat, and meeting building
systems and sensors behind-the-scenes react to standards for wellness and stability. The WELL Building Standard prioritizes how many key features?
environment conditions and respond accordingly. a) Three b) Six
c) Nine d) Seven
FOUR ELEMENTS, FOUR BENEFITS
4. Smart enterprise management systems can easily scale from a single area to an entire building or a campus with
Quality Light many buildings—making them ideal for ______________________.
Create beautiful, comfortable, productive, and even a) Manufacturing plants b) New construction
“wow-factor” environments with gorgeous high- c) Retrofit applications d) Both B and C
fidelity whites, saturated colors, and pastels—with
consistent output, no flicker, and no color breakup
5. What term describes maximizing useful daylight to reduce the use of electric lighting?
over time.
a) Daylighting b) Energy consumption
Benefit: Comfort
c) Ventilation d) Overhead lighting
Natural Light
Extend natural light seamlessly throughout the 6. What is becoming more commonplace in the modern workplace, allowing communication to be technology driven
and accessible to all?
space—delivered via a combination of shading
solutions that maximize useful daylight, and a) Internet of things b) Wireless connectivity
dynamic, full-spectrum electric light sources. c) Stagnant controls d) Both A and B
Benefit: Engagement
7. What creates high-quality whites, pastels, and saturated color enhancing the experience of the space?
Connection to the Outdoors a) LED dimming b) Full-color, four-channel tunable light system
Satisfy our desire to feel connected to nature with c) Shading d) Automation
shading solutions that balance daylight and mitigate
distracting glare to provide comfortable, seamlessly
8. What is the term that describes human tendency to interact with other forms of nature?
lit environments.
a) Natural light b) Dynamic lighting
Benefit: Views
c) Shading devices d) Biophilia
Personal Control and Automation
Deliver an environment that adapts to meet 9. In relation to the “3-30-300 Principle”, which of the following statements is not true?
changing functions and environmental conditions a) People are the most valuable asset of any building
with automated smart building systems, and provide b) Enhanced office design has been shown to improve employee well-being
personal control to occupants—allowing them to c) Real estate costs make up the largest expense for employers
customize lighting to fit their moods, tasks, and d) Giving employees personal control of their light reduces energy costs
changing needs.
Benefit: Flexibility 10. Which of the following is a benefit when automated solutions adapt the space to how people work?
a) The space adapts without the occupant needing to press a button
b) It can minimize energy costs
HUMAN CENTRIC LIGHTING SUPPORTS c) It offers amenities to attract talent
DESIGN GOALS d) All of the above

Human centric lighting supports the goal

to create environments that maximize
natural light, meet sustainability objectives, SPONSOR INFORMATION
and—most importantly—provide comfortable,
collaborative, productive working environments
for their employees. How then do architects
and designers put this to practice?
Lutron Electronics, founded in 1961, is a leader in the lighting control and management industry. From

ª This article continues on dimmers for the home, to lighting management systems for entire buildings, the company offers more
than 15,000 energy-saving products, sold in more than 100 countries. The company is headquartered in
http://go.hw.net/AR052019-10.
Coopersburg, Pennsylvania. www.lutron.com/humancentriclighting
Go online to read the rest of the article and
complete the corresponding quiz for credit.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

THE RISE OF GABLED Presented by:

MODERN ARCHITECTURE
FROM ORIGINS TO FUTURE DIRECTIONS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this course the student will be able to:
1. Discuss the core differences between gabled modern
styles by geographic setting and market type.
2. Demonstrate the relationship between various cultural,
economic, and consumer trends and the rise of this
architectural style.
3. Identify the key features, characteristics, and trending
variations of this contemporary look.
4. Explain why the gabled modern style is influencing
trends and treatment of roofs.
5. List the various design elements impacting the look of
roofs moving forward.

CONTINUING EDUCATION
AIA CREDIT: 1 LU/ELECTIVE
AIA COURSE NUMBER: AR022019-2
Use the learning objectives above to focus your
study as you read this article. To earn credit
and obtain a certificate of completion, visit
http://go.hw.net/AR022019-2 and complete the
quiz for free as you read this article. If you are new
to Hanley Wood University, create a free learner
account; returning users log in as usual.

The Gabled Modern House as we commonly see it today—primarily in spec homes and custom builds.

INTRODUCTION forward-thinking builders to shift their design alike with their wide range of applicability
from traditional to modern using a familiar style and design options. The Gabled Modern style
Residential architecture is always changing. The
with a modern twist. An architect’s ability to may have its origins in post-Depression era
news headlines and social trends that represent
identify and incorporate these design trends into Minimal Traditional homes, but there are several
a period of time also influence how homes are
client projects is important; they’re expected to other influencing factors helping to propel
built. From available materials and consumer
recommend designs that not only reflect today’s Gabled Moderns to the forefront of modern
wealth to how people consume information,
style but also tomorrow’s needs. architectural design.
the effect on residential architecture can be
seen in home design and construction. What works for one project may not work This article will help architects understand this
for another, depending on the region, trend through its origins and influences. Readers
Most single-family homes in the U.S. today
location—urban or rural—or market. Up until will learn how they can help builders and
are designed by staff architects and designers
recently, designers had to choose different homeowners design a Gabled Modern home
working for developers. Further, many homes
styles to suit different project needs. With the using the latest in color and material options.
that are being designed incorporate some
rise of the internet, there are more architectural Finally, an exploration of how existing design
blend of traditional gabled roofs, and the
styles playing out across larger regions. This is styles and accents are being incorporated into
traditional use of the gabled style has given
compared to the unique regional influences Gabled Moderns will enable designers to apply
way to architectural sameness. As a result,
that used to exist, such as the contemporary a wide range of stylistic accents to any project.
most award-winning home designs do not
white farm house, for example. The Gabled This knowledge will set readers apart as they will
use gabled roofs but instead incorporate a flat
Modern home can be seen in rural and urban be able to incorporate a unique design trend and
roof design. There exists an opportunity for
communities and in luxury and middle markets know how to apply it in different scenarios.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

First, a look back in time to see the origins of Gabled Modern homes are a new construction Vernacular History
Gabled Moderns. style and exhibit parallels between minimalist,
Any discussion on the Gabled Modern home
Depression-era homes of the 1930s. A close
THE GABLED MODERN STYLE: must include a reference to America’s residential
relative to barn homes, Gabled Moderns
A RISING TREND architectural history.
give the builder industry unique options to
An individual can drive through any experiment with construction details, stylistic 1930s and 1940s
neighborhood in the United States, urban or accents, and the freedom to work with small Architectural similarities can be traced back to
rural, and deduce when the houses were built or large residential footprints. What sets this the 1930s and 1940s, where function was the
and what the major economic influences were type of home apart is similar to modern design primary focus and simplicity was key due to
at the time, based on the design characteristics trends but applied differently and for different the harsh economic climate. Like the Gabled
of the homes. Each decade tends to have its reasons. Distinguishing these differences is Moderns, Minimal Traditional homes of the ‘30s
identifiable style: a trend that represents a crucial to properly apply the Modern Gabled and ‘40s were and characterized by a few key
generation and reflects the culture of the time. style to new construction. points. Stylistic cornerstones consisted of the
One can look at a Minimal Traditional-style following features:
A full understanding of the new Gabled
home and know that it was the hallmark style Modern styles requires reaching back several • simplistic silhouettes
of the 1930s, for example. decades—referencing both vernacular • basic box shapes with open gable roof,
architecture and post-depression homes of the
• little to no overhang of eaves,
GLOSSARY 1940s to the variety of present-day applications
in residential architecture. Following that will • highly austere, low ornamentation,
1. Gabled Modern
Recently named home style featuring the stylistic be a discussion on the contributing economic, • basic building materials—primarily wood
elements of the gabled roof combined with modern cultural, and consumer factors influencing why or stone,
design accents and clean lines so the entire home is this home style is trending. Lastly, new and
seen a single silhouette • single level or one and-a-half levels
evolving trends for the Gabled Modern house
common, and
2. Minimal Traditional and beyond will be analyzed, with special
Popular home design style in the Depression-era attention paid to roofing systems. • small footprint—low square footage.
featuring low ornamentation, simplistic designs,
local materials, and small footprints Compared to the Minimal Traditional homes
3. Historical Vernacular of the Great Depression and World War II era,
Referring to America’s residential architectural Gabled Moderns share a few characteristics,
history and characterized by homes built without namely simplistic silhouettes, basic box shapes
skilled architectural guidance with open gable roofs, and little to no overhang
4. Tiny Homes of eaves. From there, the gabled moderns of
Homes on a small footprint of less than 800 square today take this simplistic architectural style
feet and representing minimalistic living further, which will be discussed later.
5. Rural-Urban
A cultural shift not only in where people live, but Post-World War II, the trend of affordable,
in how urbanites want to incorporate elements of simplistic homes gave rise to suburban sprawl
rural living into city dwellings as entire housing communities sprang up.
6. Sensorial Ease These homes were sometimes pre-fabricated,
A minimalistic approach to design that relies on allowing for mass production. Architects and
simplicity and fewer visual distractions to help builders had more design choices and building
consumers reconnect with their environment
materials to choose from, since consumers
7. Digital Overload started to demand more ways to express
Over-exposure to social media and digital life that
individual preferences in the look and style of
causes numerous negative side effects
their homes. Most homes were still built on
8. Monochromatic
a relatively small footprint and featured little
A single-color approach to residential building design
where the roof color and/or material is the same or
ornamentation, like Gabled Moderns. Stylistic
closely matches the rest of the home’s exterior preferences favoring simple, practical designs
9. Subtraction/Duplication
with little ornamentation were about to fall by
Variations on the Gabled Modern style utilizing the wayside as the nation’s confidence grew.
architectural “cuts” that remove a section of
1950s and 1960s
the original shape and/or use the basic shape in
layered repeats In the decades following World War II,
residential articular styles reflected the
10. Traditional Mash-Up
Another variation on the Gabled Modern style that America’s growing wealth and economic
uses traditional building layouts and materials with strength. Cape Cods rose in popularity
contemporary design accents in 1950s suburban living and allowed
The gabled moderns of today are a contemporary take on the simple
barn homes of the past and of vernacular architecture.
homeowners to express their individuality

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

through modern siding and roofing choices. In this regard, vernacular styles were the STYLE VARIATIONS IN LUXURY, MIDDLE,
Like the Gabled Moderns of today, Cape Cods architecture of common people, built AND ENTRY MARKETS
feature little ornamentation, one and a half without guidance from a formally educated
Gabled Moderns in cities are typically longer
levels, and traditionally small footprints. professional. Function was the most important
rectangular forms and two- or three-story
requirement, and any aesthetic ornamentations
The 1960s gave rise to Usonian homes, inspired heights—ideal for the narrow lots typical in
without purpose were usually omitted. Gabled
by the designs of renowned architect Frank urban areas where space is limited, and upward
Moderns, on the other hand, are intentional
Lloyd Wright.1 These homes were considered builds are encouraged. For neighborhoods with
designs. Skilled architects consciously borrow
practical and modern, characteristics shared by larger plots, L- and C-shape formations are
design elements from vernacular history
Gabled Moderns. popular. The beauty of Gabled Moderns is their
and apply them to functional, practical, and
adaptability to these variety of dwellings and lot
Mid-Century Modernism in the 1960s was beautiful home builds. Examples of this can be
sizes. Design flexibility is a hallmark of this style,
reflected by the ideal that ‘bigger is better.’ seen across the world.
as it can be used in custom architecture for the
One-story ranch homes became two stories, middle market as easily as luxury dwellings.
Global Appeal
and homes started to occupy larger footprints.
Yet, the focus was still on suburban living; there This evolution of early vernacular barn house The luxury market is not limited to variations
was not yet an architectural style that could styles into Gabled Modern ones began popping based solely on land sizes. Today, the
adapt to urban dwellings the same as suburban up in various regions throughout Europe in the
or rural homes. wake of the great recession of 2008. These
regions have a strong focus on repurposed
Gabled Moderns draw features and
architecture as well as an aesthetic austerity
characteristics like Minimal Traditional, Cape
that is often built into the DNA of the culture.
Cods, Usonians, and Ranch-style homes.
From there, the trend expanded and is now
Features like simplistic, practical design, basic
popular among custom architectural projects
building design and materials, single-story, and
in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, the
low square footage could be seen in different
United States, and beyond.
variations from the 1930s to the 1960s. Today’s
Gabled Moderns share the above features and Today’s builds amplify the simplicity of country
are also characterized by: living, marked with a new “less is more” sense
• highly austere, low ornamentation, of contemporary elegance. These dwellings
range from large, luxury homes to casual family
• single level or one and-a-half levels residences, to simple, one-room escapes.
common, with two-story versions popular
with families and urban dwellers, and Rural regions aren’t the only ones noticing
the influence of this architectural style. Urban
• small and large footprints.
areas—often in redevelopment and infill
Unlike the pre-fabricated, mass-produced homes projects—are also showing a rise in attention
of the Mid-Century Modernism movement, to this style. Larger footprints and greater use of windows and skylights are
common among luxury designs seen with the Gabled Modern home.
Gabled Moderns commonly seen today are
primarily in spec homes and custom builds.
These stylistic differences are explored next.

STYLISTIC DIFFERENCES OF THE GABLED

MODERN HOME
This style has been growing in popularity over
the last decade, but it didn’t have a name
until recently. Gabled Moderns have borrowed
different construction and design elements
from other styles over the years, but they don’t
“look” like anything seen before. This growing
interest in applying and adapting the style in
ways not typical to its historical origins reflects
current influences and consumer trends. The
Gabled Moderns of today are a contemporary
take on the simple barn homes of the past—
homes that were erected not by an established
architect but rather by local contractors or
home owners with available (and usually locally
sourced) materials.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

consumer’s expanded ideas of luxury include QUIZ

simplicity and austerity—paving the way for
upscale adaptations of the Gabled Modern 1. Gabled Moderns draw the most influence from ______ homes of the _______.
style. Larger footprints and greater use of a. Cape Cod/1930s and 1940s b. Barn/1930s and 1940s
windows and skylights are common among c. Barn/1940s and 1950s d. Usonian/1950s and 1960s
luxury designs.
2. Minimal Traditional homes had many characteristics, such as __________________.
Of course, mid-level and entry price points
a. Simplistic silhouettes b. Basic box shapes with open gable roof
are two areas where the Gabled home can be
c. Basic building materials, usually locally sourced d. All of the above
well-applied. Fewer and/or smaller windows
and more modest materials are more typical 3. Early vernacular barn-style homes gained popularity in what regions first?
here. Mid-level looks are growing in popularity a. Rural Europe, Scandinavia, and Japan b. Rural Europe
in up-and-coming urban neighborhoods, and c. Scandinavia and Japan d. Japan and Australia
even for some tract home developments where
younger buyers and new families may be 4. Entry-level and middle-market Modern Gabled houses blend various vernacular styles, such as shotgun shack, salt-box,
looking for a new, contemporary style of home or _______ styles.

at an affordable price. a. Cape cod b. Ranch

c. Barn with cape cod d. Barn
Entry-level styles tend to sacrifice square
footage before anything else. As single stories, 5. There are approximately ____ percent of people living in urban areas today.
the pitched roof allows for a greater sense of a. 55 b. 60
space by way of cathedral ceilings. The tiny- c. 65 d. 75
home trend (under 800 square feet) appeals
here. Some homes blend various vernacular 6. Sensorial Relief design examples include all the following EXCEPT:

styles, such as barn with cape cod, shotgun a. Multi-purpose spaces b. Single color for the roof and walls

shack, or even salt-box styles. c. Reduced ornamentation d. Austere design

Tiny homes reflect a modern trend toward 7. The idea that ‘bigger is better’ was reflected by which time period of history?
minimalism and simplicity, details that work a. Mid-Century Modernism/1960s b. Early 1900s
well with Gabled Moderns. Unlike the ‘bigger c. World War I era d. None of the above
is better’ culture, consumers favoring this
philosophy desire that space be used smarter 8. _____ as an all-over color is seeing the strongest uptrend growth of all popular colors.
and with greater emphasis on the environment. a. White b. Tan
They also desire more financial freedom and c. Black d. Gray
less materialism than what traditional homes
9. In Traditional Mash-up architectural designs, _________ can be combined with familiar building materials like wood,
often entail. brick, and stone.
Gabled Moderns also focus on minimalism a. Double-hung windows b. Double-hung windows, eaves
and simplicity, and designs that blend in c. Single-pane windows, eaves d. Single-pane windows
with the surrounding environment. The
10. Modern roofs provide which of the following benefits:
Gabled roof style is designed to improve
a. Save and produce energy b. Stormwater capture
energy efficiency and sustainability. Their
c. Material use (instead of waste) d. All of the above
longevity also saves money and their design
flexibility allows for a wide range of creative
influence, no matter the square footage. In
few other architectural design styles can the understanding, one must review some of the SPONSOR INFORMATION
needs of luxury also intersect with the needs cultural and economic shifts that have impacted
of living smaller. consumers over the past decade and thus
have paved the way for an interest in Gabled
With all these variations at hand, the notion Moderns to rise.
of an evolution from any sort of vernacular
simplicity starts to feel less relevant. In fact,
while the idea of a barn house or the simplistic
designs of Depression-era homes as stylistic
parallels re relatable, they don’t entirely
explain the catalysts to this design trend. What
ª This article continues on
http://go.hw.net/AR022019-2.
Go online to read the rest of the article and
Boral Roofing is the nation’s largest manufacturer of
sustainable, durable and affordable clay, concrete,
stone coated steel and composite slate and shake
complete the corresponding quiz for credit.
roofing products. Boral’s brands include Boral
continues to move Gabled Moderns forward is
Roofing, US Tile by Boral, Boral Steel and Inspire
the impact of societal changes and consumer roofing products. For more info call 800-699-8453
influences on building choices. To get a better or visit BoralRoof.com.

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Presented by:

AN INTRODUCTION TO
ELECTROCHROMIC GLASS:
WHAT IT IS AND HOW IT WORKS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this course, learners will be able to:
1. Understand the importance of electrochromic
(EC) glazing and how it can be used to solve the
challenges of simultaneously achieving energy
performance, daylight and views, and comfort.
2. Analyze the aesthetic performance of next-gen-
eration EC glazing and how it works compared to
conventional solar control solutions.
3. Examine EC’s benefits.
4. Explain how EC systems can be controlled to meet
energy performance and user comfort needs.
5. Understand the key aspects of zoning with EC
and how zoning can be used to optimize tradeoffs
between the competing goals of glare control,
daylight admission, energy performance, and
light color quality.

CONTINUING EDUCATION
AIA CREDIT: 1 LU
COURSE NUMBER: AR102018-4

Use the learning objectives above to focus your

study as you read this article. To earn credit
Electrochromic glass preserving great views at the University of Colorado, Boulder. and obtain a certificate of completion, visit
http://go.hw.net/AR102018-4 and complete the
ELECTROCHROMIC GLASS: BENEFITS, U-factor, solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), quiz for free as you read this article. If you are
FEATURES, AND COMPARISONS or visible transmittance (VT).’”2 The category new to Hanley Wood University, create a free
TO STATIC WINDOWS1 not only includes electrochromic glass, but learner account; returning users log in as usual.

Electrochromic (EC) glass, sometimes known as also photochromic (PC), thermochromic (TC),
smart glass or dynamic glass, is an electronically suspended particle device (SPD), and polymer
dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC). which are reactions that cannot be controlled,
tintable glass used for windows, skylights,
electrochromic is a unique smart glass that can
facades, and curtain walls. It is automatically With electrochromic glass, an electric charge is be controlled and set.
controlled by light sensors and can also be applied that allows it to change its performance
directly controlled by building occupants. It is properties, specifically visible light transmittance Components of Electrochromic Glass3
popular for its ability to maximize access to and solar heat gain coefficient. Suspended
daylight and outdoor views, reduce energy For some manufacturers, electrochromic coating
practice devices and polymer dispersed liquid
costs, and improve occupant comfort. consists of five layers that are less than a fiftieth
tend to be either on or off, meaning they are
of the thickness of a single human hair. The
Electrochromic Glass versus either transparent or opaque; however, some
five layers of electrochromic coating include
Other Smart Glass have intermediate tint states. Electrochromic,
two transparent conductor (TC) layers; one
photochromic, and thermochromic are all able
electrochromic (EC) layer, sandwiched between
Electrochromic glass can also be referred to as to provide gradations of tint but do not become
the two TC layers; the ion conductor (IC); and
“dynamic glazing” or “smart glass.” Dynamic opaque. Photochromic means that light initiates
the counter electrode (CE). Applying a positive
glazing is defined as “‘any fenestration its ability to change, and thermochromic
voltage to the transparent conductor in contact
product that has the fully reversible ability to changes are initiated by heat. As opposed
with the counter electrode causes lithium
change its performance properties, including to photochromic and thermochromic glass,
ions to be driven across the ion conductor
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CONTINUING EDUCATION

electrochromic glass’s range of functions.

In-Pane Zoning
In-pane zoning achieves multiple tint states,
or zones, within a pane of glass and offers the
ultimate level of daylight management and
glare control. At many points in time only a
portion of a given window is subjected to glare
and strong solar radiation. To control this, entire
windows would typically have to be tinted,
which would detract from the quality of natural
Movement of lithium ions and electrons between the layers gives EC In-pane zoning on display at the University of New Mexico Farris
the ability to change tint.
light emitted into a space. However, in-pane Engineering Center.
zoning allows for some areas of a pane to be
and inserted into the electrochromic layer. tinted while others remain clear. The clear areas
how the glass is setup and controlled but the
Simultaneously, a charge-compensating electron of the pane permit natural light to enter a room
resulting functionality is the same.
is extracted from the counter electrode, flows while the tinted areas control glare and heat
around the external circuit and is inserted into gain. Light quality can be maintained even if Overall, the components of electrochromic glass
the electrochromic layer. just 10-15% of a glazed area remains clear. allow it to maximize daylight and views while
still offering control of energy usage and glare.
The tint of electrochromic glass is controlled Control Categories
These functions help to increase productivity
by the amount of voltage applied to the glass.
Electrochromic glass offers a variety of control and aid mental health, all while adding to the
Applying a low voltage of electricity darkens the
options. Users can operate automatic control aesthetic of a building’s design and lowering life
coating as lithium ions and electrons transfer
settings to manage light, glare, energy cycle costs.
from one electrochromic layer to another.
use, and color rendering. The controls can
Removing voltage, and reversing its polarity, Sunlight
also be integrated into an existing building
causes the ions and electrons to return to their
automation system. For users who desire more Electrochromic glass’s ability to provide both
original layers, causing the glass to lighten and
control, electrochromic glass can be manually energy and health benefits is inseparable
return to its clear state.
overridden using a wall panel, allowing the user from its ability to control and distribute
The result is that one piece of glass that can to alter the tint of the glass. Depending on the sunlight. When the sun rises in the morning,
dynamically alter its visible light transmittance manufacturer, users can also change the tint electrochromic glass can fully tint east-facing
at different times as needed. While there level via mobile app. windows to block harsh morning sun. Other
are differences among manufacturers, orientations remain clear, maximizing (or
Different manufacturers approach system
there are typically four primary tint states harvesting) daylight. By noon, when the sun
design differently; however, there are two main
to electrochromic glass: 60% (clear), 18% is directly overhead, portions of glass can be
categories for control systems: centralized
(intermediate state #1), 6% (intermediate tint tinted as needed. For example, some can be
and decentralized. All systems are comprised
state #2) and 1% (fully tinted). moderately tinted to 20%, while others are at
of EC glass in an integrated glass unit (IGU),
6% or perhaps, if facing to the south and west,
While coatings enable these transitions to be along with sensors, cables, control panels, and
fully tinted.
made, the control system is the intelligence switches. From a user standpoint the system
that allows users to take full advantage of design approach is not a factor, it just refers to

The different tint states of electrochromic glass in action at Ashford Castle in Cong, Ireland ©Sean Conboy. EC glass allows patients at this hospital enhanced control of their
environment from their bed.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

Late afternoon, in a cooling-dominated daylight and views, negating the initial purpose For triple silver low-E products, shown on line
climate zone, is peak load time. The grid is of the window installation. Electrochromic glass two, the values are all within range of typical
often stretched, and energy rates can spike; provides a genuine solution to all of the issues static options, with the SHGC slightly higher.
consumption must be lowered. During this time mentioned above. For EC product at the first tint state, which is
of day, the BMS can override standard controls referenced in the third line, the benchmark is
Electrochromic Glass Versus
and become fully tinted, maximizing heat neutral reflective products, as seen in the fourth
Traditional Glass
rejection and load reduction. By sunset, the line. Most values are within the typical range,
majority of the building is back to a clear state. By adapting to the external climatic conditions, with the interior and exterior reflectance at the
With zoned glare control, where only part of a electrochromic glass minimizes energy use lower end of the range. At the second tint state
pane tints, glare can be blocked while daylight by reducing heating loads in winter, air for EC glass, noted in the fifth line of the chart,
enters. conditioning in summer, and electrical lighting are “more aggressive” neutral reflect products.
all year long. According to the U.S. Department Here, EC outperforms SHGC and is at the
Daylight and Views4
of Energy,5 energy lost through conventional low end of reflectance, with a U-factor in the
Controls translate to a building’s functionality in windows accounts for approximately 30% of middle of the range. While EC glass varies by
several ways, but initially by regulating natural heating and cooling energy. manufacturer, this chart still provides a general
daylight and views. Daylight, as opposed to sense of the differences between static and
Conventional windows also contribute to glare
artificial electric light, has been shown to electrochromic glass.
and heat gain and require blinds and shades
provide mental health benefits and increase
to offset the negative effects of the sun. When evaluating EC, it is important to
productivity. Research has demonstrated that
Electrochromic glass eliminates the need for understand that glare control is a function of
with daylight and a view of the outdoors,
additional solar shading systems, as well as the proper controls but also the inherent product
mental function and memory are 10-25%
use of additional energy and resources for their capability. Lawrence Berkeley National Labs
better, cell processing is 25% faster, and
manufacturing, transportation, and installation. maintains, “An EC with a broader switching
hospital stays are 25% shorter. Daylight also
range and a very low transmittance (1%
allows workers to be 18% more productive and If shades and blinds are used, not only do the
or less) […] would reduce or eliminate the
students to score 5-14% higher on test scores windows need to be cleaned and maintained
dependence on interior sun-blocking shades for
and learn 20-26% faster. When buildings have but also the window coverings. With
some applications.”6 Having 1% VLT eliminates
sufficient natural daylight, retail sales increase electrochromic glass, there are no additional
the need for shades or blinds and avoids the
15-40%. Daylight and views contribute to maintenance requirements besides keeping the
blackout that occurs with 0% VLT.
better health, better sales, and better buildings. glass clean, thus limiting the environmental
impact of the building. The components of electrochromic glass gives
While daylight and views can contribute to the
users precise control over the amount of
overall well-being of the individuals within a Because EC glass delivers the performance of
sunlight entering a space, helping to lower a
structure, significant amounts of daylighting four different types of glass, it is further helpful
building’s energy costs all while eliminating
and views have the potential to cause to compare it to several types of traditional
the need for shades or blinds and maintaining
unwanted heat gain or loss in addition to glare. static glass.
natural views.
Blinds have been the traditional “solution”
No static glass can meet the performance of
to preventing temperature fluctuations and SUSTAINABILITY, CODE, AND DESIGN7
EC at 1% Visible Light Transmittance (VLT)
controlling glare. However, blinds eliminate
and 0.09 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC). In addition to maximizing occupant comfort,
electrochromic glass is also a sustainable
product that allows architects and builders
to elegantly solve solar-control challenges
without sacrificing aesthetics. A building even
partially glazed with EC can be designed to
take advantage of natural daylight without
compromising the connection to the outdoors,
making it a great fit for projects aiming
to achieve sustainability certifications.
Energy Performance
In addition to occupant benefits, electrochromic
glass helps building owners achieve
their sustainability goals through energy
conservation. By maximizing solar control while
minimizing heat and glare, electrochromic glass
allows building owners to achieve cost savings
EC values can vary by manufacturer as well as substrate color. Values listed are for standard clear glass. Data on comparable static glass
products derived from Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope’s GlasSelect tool, Oct. 2017. Data indicative, does not represent all comparable static
glass products available.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

over the building’s life cycle by reducing overall QUIZ

energy loads by an average of 20 percent and
peak energy demand by up to 26 percent.
1. How many layers are in electrochromic coating?
Due to electrochromic glass’s reliance on a. 2 b. 3
low-voltage electricity, it takes less electricity c. 4 d. 5
to operate 2,000 square feet of electrochromic
glass than to power a single 60-watt light bulb. 2. True or False: In-pane zoning can achieve multiple tint states within a pane of glass.
Maximizing daylight through the strategic use a. True b. False
of smart glass can reduce a building’s reliance
3. Users can operate EC glass control setting to
on artificial lighting and significantly reduce its
a. manage light and glare b. energy use
cooling load. In addition to sustainability and
c. color rendering d. All of the Above
occupant benefits, architects are also given the
freedom to design without the need for blinds
4. True or False: Daylight enables more worker productivity, higher student test scores, and increased retail sales.
and other shading devices that clutter the
a. True b. False
exterior of the building.
5. Most EC products have a range of VLT from below _____% to above _______%.
a. 2,5 b. 3,10
c. 5,10 d. 10,50

6. True or False: It takes less electricity to operate 2,000 square feet of electrochromic glass than to
power a single 60-watt light bulb.
a. True b. False

7. EC glass can help earn credit towards green building certifications such as
a. LEED b. BREEAM
c. WELL d. LBC
e. All of the Above

Uncontrolled glare and heat gain at Bowie State University could 8. EC glass installed at SCHEELS reduced energy demand and the need for HVAC in the store by blocking
have made this space unusable. up to ________% of solar heat.
a. 33 b. 45
c. 51 d. 91

9. True or False: EC glass can eliminate the need for blinds.

a. True b. False

10. True or False: No static glass can meet the performance of EC at 1% Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) and
0.09 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC).
a. True b. False

Electrochromic Glass tints to control heat and glare, making the

space usable again.
SPONSOR INFORMATION

SageGlass is wholly owned by Saint Gobain, one of the world’s largest glass
manufacturers. SageGlass electrochromic glass is a revolution in building products,

ª This article continues on http://go.hw.net/

AR102018-4. Go online to read the rest of
the article and complete the corresponding
providing glass that automatically changes tint in response to exterior conditions,
transforming glass from a static to active part of building design.

quiz for credit.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

Presented by:

EXPLORING TRIM OPTIONS AND USES FOR

MULTIFAMILY DESIGN THAT ENGAGE MILLENNIALS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this article, you should be able to:
1. Recognize how current trends in urban/suburban
multifamily apartment design are influenced by
the style preferences of the millennial generation
and the hospitality industry.
2. Outline the advantages of extruded aluminum
trim components over traditional materials
in terms of the manufacturing process,
environmental impacts, safety and resiliency.
3. Identify the ways in which exterior and interior
metal trim applications can provide clean, ultra-
modern details that support the contemporary
design of today’s multi-family dwellings.
4. Understand the variety of options available for
creating custom or semi-custom metal trim profiles
in a cost-effective manner.

CONTINUING EDUCATION

AIA CREDIT: 1 LU
AIA COURSE NUMBER: AR062018-3

Use the learning objectives above to focus

your study as you read this article. To earn
credit and obtain a certificate of completion,
visit http://go.hw.net/AR062018-3 and complete the
quiz for free as you read this article. If you are new to
Hanley Wood University, create a free learner account;
35 Dolores, Levy Design Partners. Located in the San Francisco Mission District is a 33 condominium project on the site of a former car wash. returning users log in as usual.
Multiple materials including extruded aluminum trim help in creating a unique and desirable property.

INTRODUCTION MULTIFAMILY DWELLINGS—STILL VIABLE

Multifamily apartment demand continues to Over the past decade, multifamily units
be on the rise in the United States. A growing have been on the rise, and that trend is
desire for millennials to live close to the city, in continuing. According to the National
a minimalist space, and with trendy design is Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC),
influencing how and where these apartments demand for rentals has increased by nearly
are being built. Based on the millennial design 1.7 million year after year.i According to the
preferences, designers and building professionals National Association of Home Builders: Eye
must specify products that attract this generation on Housing, multi-family housing ended the
to the space. In this course, we will examine fourth quarter of 2017 strong. The demand for
the impact of the millennial generation to multifamily units coupled with an increasing
multifamily space design and how extruded employment rate continues to strengthen
aluminum trim can provide an aesthetic design the demand for this type of dwelling. Marketplace, Studio Intrigue Architects. Located in Lansing Michigan
this project strives to offer high quality amenities both shared and in
while being a smart choice economically.
each unit.

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CONTINUING EDUCATION

Multifamily Demographics Millennials are better informed about their garnish repeat customers, a multifamily unit
choices than any other generation—they must attract and retain residents. According to
So, what types of consumers are purchasing
want everything to be just right, and they Jamie Gorski, chief marketing officer at Bozzuto
multi-family apartments and where are they
are willing to spend to get what they want. in Greenbelt, Maryland, apartment managers
going? According to NHMC (2017), 37% of
According to a recent study by Schlage (2016), can look at the hotel industry for design,
the United States live in renter-occupied homes
millennial renters are willing to pay about technology, and branding opportunities.
with 50% of those renters being under 30 years
1/5 more to have smart home features.ii
old, also known as Millennials.i Considering that
the millennial generation equates to around In line with trendy design, this generation
55,518,756 people that is a HUGE number for desires minimalistic interior design. Whereas
developers to consider.i baby boomers loved warm and rich design,
millennials seek to avoid clutter. With
Where do these renters want to live? According
multifamily spaces providing smaller spaces
to NMHC (2017), New York, Los Angeles, San
rather than a large home, designers should
Francisco, Houston, Dallas, and Washington
design the space to be functional, minimal,
D.C. are the top cities occupied by renters.i New
yet with elements of luxury.
York has the highest apartment percentage
of housing at 45% with 1,556,161 people
occupying apartment buildings in 2017.i
What does this mean for building professionals?
The growth and development is not going away Extruded Aluminum Trim paired with multiple siding products
including a commercial rainscreen fiber cement and others on a
for multi-family construction, in fact, according Holiday Inn and Suites.
to NMHC, 4.6 million new apartments are
needed between now and 2030 (2017).i But WHAT MAKES EXTRUDED ALUMINUM
how do we meet that demand? Building UNIQUE?
professionals must understand what renters
expect in multifamily dwellings while also Because of the durability and stability of
being sensitive to the current challenges aluminum, it has become a go-to product for
facing the building sector. According to the many types of applications both in and out
Barriers to Apartment Construction Index, 50 of the home. Foil, zippers, smart phones and
metro areas were examined, and two major even power grids are all products of extruded
barriers emerged: regulations and available aluminum. It is true that aluminum is common
land. To continue meeting the demand for in our day-to-day lives, the unique aspects it
multifamily dwellings, building professionals possesses are what make it a perfect choice for
must acknowledge millennial influences while multifamily building design.
combating the construction barriers to entry. Manufacturing Process
Crafting extruded aluminum is a highly versatile
metal-forming process that has a wide array
Extruded aluminum can be used to create minimalistic reveals with of desirable physical characteristics. Aluminum
drywall (left wall) or bold accents with other panels (rear wall) is a mineral that is found in abundance earth’s
crust and then mined into alumina. To make
Hospitality’s Influence on the alumina useful for building, the alumina
Multifamily Design must be smelted, mixed, and cast into billets.
Research shows that millennials continue Created extruded aluminum is dependent upon
to be a key demographic who want to rent heat, so billets are heated at 750–900 degrees
near the city with the ability to be close to Fahrenheit, and the process of extrusion begins.
work and entertainment, without the hassle Extrusion is the process of taking and shaping
The “Millennial Impact” aluminum by forcing it to flow through a
of maintaining a home or yard. So where do
Seeing that 50% of renters are part of we look for inspiration? According to Britney shape called a die. The extruded aluminum
the millennial generation, it’s important to Littleton Gilley, ASIS, IIDA, and Vice President of then passes through a backer and bolster
understand the impact their preferences have Design at Builders Design (2018), “Multifamily which maintains the shape while adding space.
on multifamily building design. The American design trends continue to be influenced by the Following the extrusion process, a variety of
Dream has always focused on owning a high style of boutique hotels.” Trend spotting, options (e.g., anodizing and painting) are
home, but for Millennials, this generation is predicting future design peaks, and trending available to modify the color, texture, and
saddled with student loans and low earning being ahead of the trend are all ways for brightness of the aluminum’s finish.
jobs. Renting is a viable option that helps apartment developers to catch renter’s eyes. Most extruded shapes for architectural use are
them begin to save for their future home. Just as a hotel must attract and hopefully fabricated from 6063, an aluminum alloy with
SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION
CONTINUING EDUCATION

Step 1: Aluminum is processed into alumina. companies, even if it costs more. According
The alumina undergoes smelting and alloying to the Global Corporate Sustainability Report
producing solid billets of cast metal. (2015), 73% of Millennials prefer to choose a
product that comes from a sustainable brand.
Extruded aluminum trim is constructed from
post-industrial and post-consumer scrap,
meeting requirements for sustainability
and contributing to the U.S. Green
Step 2: Billets are heated and pressed into Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and
a die which creates the shape or profile. Environmental Design (LEED®) certification
for Recycled Content. Today’s building
professionals want to focus on green materials
and visually appealing looks, aluminum trim
products provide the best of both worlds.

Step 3: The extruded aluminum then passes Aluminum adheres to the following LEED® v4
through a backer and bolster which maintains certification criteria:
the shape while adding space.
• Energy and Atmosphere Credit:
Optimize Energy
• Materials and Resources Credit: Building
Product Disclosure and Optimization—
Environment Product Declaration (EPD)
magnesium and silicon as the alloying elements. Environmentally-Friendly
• Indoor Environmental Quality Credit:
Known as Type 6063-T5 aluminum, commonly
Millennials are more concerned with the Low-Emitting Materials
referred to as the architectural alloy, it has a
environment than previous generations. And
very smooth surface and is the best alloy suited Safety
because they’re concerned about the long-term
for anodizing applications. The T5 designation
viability of the earth’s ecosystems, they prefer to Fire or water damage in a multifamily structure
indicates it has been artificially aged and
purchase products from sustainability-focused is devastating to not only the tenants but also
moderately heat-treated.

CASE STUDY: PROMINENT HORIZONTAL REVEAL PROFILES

being able to address its varied context, from aluminum trim system made this possible.
single family homes to other 4-story multifamily “Another benefit of using extruded aluminum
buildings,” says Toby Levy, FAIA, President of Levy trims was that it allowed us to make clean
Design Partners, Inc. “The project had a tight transitions and create clean corners,” says Levy. To
budget, so cement siding and panels were used help emphasize the form, the reveals were painted
on the majority of the building with accents of to match the wall color.
corrugated metal panels. The intersection of these The various profiles and sizes of trim helped
materials was critical.” architects integrate the different materials into
With a limited palette to select materials from, the facade. At 3900 Adeline, trim options allowed
the solution was to use the sheet materials of developers to cut down larger cement panels to
cement panels and corrugated metal cut down create an intermediate scale, as well as to reorient
in size to add an intermediate scale. “We wanted the corrugated metal panels.
to emphasize the horizontality of the façade, so “We had a positive experience using extruded
Located on the border of Emeryville and Oakland, this multifamily we looked for more prominent horizontal reveal aluminum in this project,” says Feeser. “The
housing development on 3900 Adeline Street includes 91 residential profiles and less noticeable vertical reveals,” says different profiles offered in the market enabled
and 10 work/live rental units. Casey Feeser, AIA, architect at Levy Design Partners, us to articulate and emphasize various design
Inc. A horizontal reveal board was used due to its choices.” Extruded aluminum trim comes in many
Located on the border of Emeryville and Oakland, larger size and multiple shadow lines. In addition,
this multifamily housing development on 3900 sizes and configurations. This leads to cleaner
an H mold was used for vertical siding, and an transitions between materials of different sizes and
Adeline Street includes 91 residential and 10 open outside corner mold was used for outside
work/live rental units. The building has a partially shapes. Another benefit is that extruded aluminum
corners. These materials were made from extruded trim allows for the completion of the substrate
submerged garage, and the exterior design aluminum. “The reason we specified extruded
responds to the varying scale of three different and waterproofing before installation of the final
aluminum trim is because it is available in many finish. According to Feeser, “Using aluminum trim
neighboring characters. The units on the first level profiles and sizes,” says Feeser. “This allowed us to
have stoops and setbacks for the townhouse and creates a durable solution, which will result in
create patterns with affordable materials to create a longer life cycle than wood trims and a more
work/live units, adding scale and interfacing with additional interest. The aluminum trim pieces also
the neighborhood. maintenance-free solution due to no use of caulk.”
provided a clean transition between the materials.”
“This was a large project with 101 units, and a Project: 3900 Adeline Street, Emeryville, California
Aesthetically speaking, the designers wanted a
major challenge was modulating the scale and variety of reveals and shadow lines. The extruded Architect: Levy Design Partners, Inc.

SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

CONTINUING EDUCATION

the building owner. Extruded aluminum is QUIZ

considered fire resistant, non-combustible, and
weather-resistant. Even at high temperatures,
toxic fumes are not produced by the aluminum 1. True or False. According to the National Multifamily Housing Council, the demand for rentals is decreasing.
making it a good choice for occupied
buildings. Since aluminum is protected by 2. According to the National Multifamily Housing Council, ____ percent of renters are under 30 years old and known
as the millennials.
naturally-occurring oxide film, it does not
a. 10 b. 20
rust making it moisture resistant. Another
c. 90 d. 50
interesting characteristic of aluminum is that
as the weather becomes colder, the aluminum 3. According to the article, to attract and retain residents in multifamily buildings, it is recommended to look
becomes stronger which is a good thing for at the hotel industry for:
exterior aluminum trim in areas where cold a. Design, technology, and branding opportunities b. Revenue calculations for future renovations
weather is common. c. Structural components to resist natural disasters d. Customer satisfaction survey results

Building professionals have a responsibility to 4. ___________ is the process of taking and shaping aluminum by forcing it to flow through a shaped called a die.
choose materials that are safe and have little to a. Melting b. Extrusion
no health risks. Because the material is lighter, c. Moulding d. Firing
construction professionals are less likely to
experience injuries due to lifting heavy materials. 5. True or False. An advantage of using extruded aluminum trim is that is meets the requirements for sustainability
Millennials value companies that demonstrate and LEED certification for Recycled Content.
social responsibility and ethical behavior.
6. A multifamily building designer might choose to specify extruded aluminum trim because:
Resiliency a. The sleek design is attractive to renters b. The trim is durable, leading to less maintenance
c. The installation is easier than wood d. All of the above
Extruded aluminum is lightweight, durable, and
resilient. This material is nearly one-third lighter 7. To create a unique look with aluminum trim that varies from one piece to the next, designers should specify which
than other materials on the market which type of finish?
equates to cheaper shipping costs. The rigid a. Pre-colored b. Pre-painted
metal created through the extrusion process is c. Anodized finishes d. Aluminum trim can’t be painted
strong, reliable, and doesn’t swell regardless of
the weather conditions. 8. True or False. According to the article, extruded aluminum trim provides long-term cost savings due to the fact
that it is more durable and needs less maintenance.
While extruded aluminum is lightweight,
the material is very durable. Compared to 9. According to the article, modern design trends favor:
galvanized steel or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a. Clean intersections b. Horizontal and vertical lines
extruded aluminum is stronger adding to the c. Separation of wall materials d. All of the above
longevity of the material. Galvanized steel may
10. True or False. Choosing a complex design and shape is easily achieved by using extruded aluminum trim.
be less expensive, but it is also less durable. In
addition, when bare mill galvanized steel and
aluminum flashing are used in direct contact
with most claddings, there is an increased
chance of a chemical reaction, causing wear
and break down of both products. PVC, a
commonly used plastic, is the cheapest of the
three materials, but is susceptible to swelling,
ª This article continues on http://go.hw.net/AR062018-3. Go online to read the rest
of the article and complete the corresponding quiz for credit.

bucking, warping, and distortions. PVC, when

exposed to direct sunlight, will experience SPONSOR INFORMATION
thermal expansion and contraction distorting
the material and/or paint.
Resilience is important to building professionals,
designers, and most importantly, consumers.
Homes that have little maintenance or repair are
highly attractive to the Millennials. So choosing
a product that is resilient is preferred. Also, in Tamlyn was started in 1971 by Ron Tamlyn Sr and his wife Jean with $800 in borrowed money, and
disaster-prone areas, especially flood-prone we continue to this day to be family owned. We strive to bring high quality products to the building
areas, using a trim that is moisture resistant industry, which includes our XtremeTrim® line of extruded aluminum for a variety of siding materials
and XtremeInterior™ line of extruded aluminum for drywall and interior panels.
will protect the home.

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 May 2019 AIANow 155 AIAFeature 156 AIADesign 159 AIACollaboration 161 AIAPerspective 162

AIA Architect
AIAVoices
PHOTOGRAPHY: COLIN LENTON

We were surprised to hear people say to us that two people’s creativity makes
One Architect, “Learning from Las Vegas turned around
architectural research.” I could imagine they
things so much more intense. But it’s a hard
thing to realize if you haven’t tried it. I say to
Many Hats were right, because—though most of the ideas
came out of my planning education—they
women, “You didn’t come into architecture
saying, ‘I’m going to study architecture to
Denise Scott Brown, HON . FAIA, reflects on lead to design-related research of the kind win a Pritzker Prize.’ What did you, in fact,
the intersections of her life. architects preferred. think you would be doing in architecture that
I started out by saying that I was a circus would make you happy?” Whatever it is, get to
Denise Scott Brown, HON. FAIA, has been horse rider and I rode two horses, architecture be awfully good at it, so you will be happy in
a writer, planner, activist, and educator and planning, which were moving away from your work. Then a few years of experience will
throughout her long and prestigious career. each other. My job was to bring them back give you the ability to lead the profession in
Together with her late husband Robert together, but in the end my views were mostly directions you find good.
Venturi, FAIA, Scott Brown designed some of heard by architects and the effect was to make There’s a phrase that African resistance
the boldest and most distinctive buildings of them rethink their assumptions. fighters used to use: “Seek ye the political
the last century. In 2018, the Sainsbury Wing But as the window of architecture was kingdom, and all else shall be given unto you.”
at the National Gallery in London was listed opening onto new worlds, women saw the In other words, go into politics and then you’ll
by Historic England as a prime example of troubles that existed there and began to flee get what you want. I say, “Become good at
postmodern architecture, and this year it the field. Because of delays in my own life— doing your work, love doing your work, and
received the AIA Twenty-Five Year Award. primarily the death of my first husband—by you’ll be better at being political when you’re
Through their 1972 book Learning from Las the time Bob and I married we could afford in your middle age, and more powerful.” And
Vegas (MIT Press), Venturi and Scott Brown childcare, and I could go on working. But a it is lovely for me now to see the younger
also shaped critical thought around modern great worry for him was that the childcare architects who have worked with me say,
architecture. Scott Brown reflects on the would leave, and I wouldn’t be able to go on “We look at that office, and we see where
intersections of her life as a designer. helping him in the office. so many of the good ideas come from. They
As told to Katherine Flynn Our experience of collaboration proved come from Denise.” AIA
153
Booth #5532 | Architecture Expo, June 6–7
14 hours of live programming including
authoritative interviews, panels, and inspiring
short talks on artificial intelligence, the sharing
economy, Google’s future thinking, and more.
While you’re there, immerse yourself in a gallery
showcasing award-winning projects and attend
a special AIA member reception. Don’t miss a
guest appearance by Roman Mars!

AIA Conference on Architecture 2019, June 6-8, Las Vegas

Register today! conferenceonarchitecture.com
AIA NOW MAY 2019 AIA Architect

AIANow
Uncommon Vegas
New photographs capture three decades
of midcentury Las Vegas architecture.

By Steve Cimino

The Las Vegas Valley is a land of hidden

treasures. Though most tourists come for
the bright lights, the Nevada Preservation
Foundation has made it its mission to hunt
down and highlight striking midcentury
modern buildings that are oft-ignored, even by
locals. Through the power of Instagram and a
passion for preservation, it was able to gather
hundreds of options for a project that it has
dubbed #UncommonVegas.
“It stems from a misunderstanding
of modern architecture,” says Michelle
Larime, the foundation’s deputy director of
neighborhood stabilization, “and this idea that
the recent past isn’t necessarily important.
In the preservation field, the last decade has
seen a real effort to help educate and advocate
for why these buildings are relevant in our
historic landscape.”
These three buildings are a fraction of the
chosen 100 photographed by Kirsten Clarke
for the project-culminating book Las Vegas: Guardian Angel Cathedral: Designed by pioneering African American architect Paul Revere Williams, the Guardian Angel Shrine opened in
Uncommon Modern, which can be purchased at 1963 and became a cathedral upon the creation of the Diocese of Las Vegas in 1995. Its A-frame design features a large mosaic over the main
nevadapreservation.org. All were designed and entrance by Los Angeles artist Edith Piczek.
built between the mid-1940s and the 1970s;
some were known but underappreciated, while
others were hiding in plain sight. Regardless,
they’re all part of what Larime calls “the first
and only mass effort to document what the
Vegas midcentury modern architectural scene
looks like on a great scale.”

PHOTOGRAPHY: KIRSTEN CLARKE

Speedee Cash: This folded-plate Googie building houses a small Brutalist/New Formalist/postmodernist structure: This building, Michelle Larime says, was discovered through the survey. “The assessor’s record shows
checking-cashing business. it was built in 1975, making it a late-modern building,” she says. “You can see elements of Brutalism, New Formalism, and even some Postmodernism.”
155
 AIA Architect MAY 2019 AIA FEATURE

AIAFeature

The Rise of
Adaptive Reuse
in Las Vegas
Las Vegas has a reputation as a city that loves the wrecking ball. Increasingly, it’s embracing adaptive reuse.

By Mimi Kirk

ILLUSTRATION: LAUREN NASSEF

156
AIA FEATURE MAY 2019 AIA Architect

The implosion of the Stardust Hotel and Casino on March 13, 2007, befitted its
glitzy history. At 2:30 a.m., fireworks exploded, lights flashed, and a countdown
to its demise ensued, chanted by a crowd watching from a nearby parking lot.
After it fell, enormous clouds of dust rose into the sky and then settled on the
Las Vegas Strip. The Stardust had been a favorite haunt of the Rat Pack and
home to the Siegfried & Roy show. The excesses of organized crime that took
place within its walls inspired the book and the film Casino.

The death of the Stardust encapsulates Las used in the massive properties makes its way Preservation Foundation. “If they stay in place,
Vegas’ reputation as a fan of the wrecking ball—a through this process. Hotel and casino owners they’re no longer contributing to the further
city that builds only to destroy and replace also work to preserve water and keep costs low degradation of our environment.”
with something new, regardless of historical through other green strategies: CityCenter, a Adds Dwayne Eshenbaugh, AIA, founder of
significance or environmental impact. And in $10 billion development that houses hotels, Las Vegas firm NOVUS Architecture: “Utilizing
many ways, that has been Las Vegas’ trajectory. a casino, residences, and more, worked with our existing building inventory has a pretty large
Yet there’s another side to the city, one manufacturers to design its own low-flow environmental impact, and that’s important for
concerned with preservation, sustainability, showerheads that use a third less water. combating climate change.”
and adaptive reuse—and one that has long CityCenter also boasts energy-efficient Adaptive reuse has been practiced on the
been in evidence. “People see Las Vegas as marquees, signs, and slot machines; the Strip for decades. Al recounts how, starting in
a place of excessive waste,” says Stefan Al, Mandalay Bay Resort Conference and the 1950s, hotel and casino structures were
a Dutch architect and author of The Strip: Convention Center has a rooftop solar array retained and their signage repurposed to make
Las Vegas and the Architecture of the American that powers over 20 percent of the hotel and way for the new. When it opened, in 1942, the
Dream (MIT Press, 2017). “Even though a lot casino. Jennifer Turchin, AIA, principal of the Last Frontier Hotel and Casino, for example,
is unsustainable when you’re building in the Coda Group and president of AIA Nevada, featured an Old West theme, with cowboys
desert and relying on tourists flying in, many says another way such properties encourage adorning its front; in 1955, in the midst of the
practices are innovative.” Such practices are sustainability is by purchasing open source space race, it was renamed the New Frontier.
found both on the Strip as well as downtown, electricity. “These sources can be more “They changed the building by adding a new
located to the north of all the flash and in the sustainable than NV Energy [the state power sign, adapting the façade, and hanging up
midst of an urban renaissance. Residents company] because they use more solar, images of astronauts,” Al says. “The practice
are also preserving many of the midcentury geothermal, and wind power than the power meant that a business evolved while the
modern homes that grace the city. company can produce,” she says. structure essentially stayed the same. Many
The practice of adaptive reuse—in which hotels and casinos did this, and even pieces of
The Strip existing buildings are updated for a new old signs were reused during an upgrade.”
purpose—is perhaps an even more important Today, the casino and hotel complex SLS
One might think that the hotels and casinos on means of promoting sustainability. The practice Las Vegas is an adaptive reuse project that
the Strip are the main consumers of water in Las retains the embodied energy that went into goes beyond signage. The property lies within
Vegas, but in fact it’s homeowners who guzzle construction in the first place. “The materials what was once the famed Moroccan-themed
most of it. In the mid-1950s wastewater began have already been extracted or manufactured, Sahara Hotel and Casino. The Sahara’s three
to be treated and pumped into Lake Mead, the and have contributed to the carbon footprint,” guest towers were retained and renovated, for
city’s main water supply, and all of the water says Michelle Larime of the Nevada example, and its showroom kept as a ballroom.
157
 AIA Architect MAY 2019 AIA FEATURE

AIAFeature
CONTINUED

Downtown comprised of furniture that guarantees future Strip—and with it a more tightknit, communal
flexibility.” For instance, none of the building’s way of life. “People want more of a sense of
Architect Craig Sean Palacios, AIA, worked on walls are permanent, and they can be easily community,” says Turchin. “It’s a resurgence
projects similar to SLS Las Vegas, including moved to create different-sized spaces. “People of the traditional neighborhood with blocks
CityCenter and the Fontainebleau Las Vegas, know what they want their building to be today, and houses, with nearby schools, grocery
before 2014, when he co-founded Bunnyfish but what about in 10 years?” Turchin asks. stores, and restaurants.”
Studio, a Las Vegas firm that specializes “This is easier and creates much less waste.” The Nevada Preservation Foundation’s
in adaptive reuse. He uses lessons learned In the middle of downtown is another Larime has noticed this trend in her position
through casino work to promote green adaptive reuse project fashioned out of an old as director of neighborhood stabilization.
building on a smaller scale. “Adaptive reuse is garage. The Kitchen at Atomic, designed by In this adaptive reuse work, she and her
comfortable for me,” he says. Eshenbaugh’s firm, is now a hip restaurant colleagues work with owners to update
One of Palacios’ projects is the Inspire that’s an extension of Las Vegas’ oldest historic homes (as well as commercial
Theater, a coffee shop, bar, and theater freestanding bar, Atomic Liquors, where in buildings) with new plumbing, wiring, and
complex he and partner Tina Wichmann, AIA, the 1950s customers would crowd the roof the like while preserving the integrity of
designed out of an abandoned convenience to watch the nearby atomic test explosions. the exterior. (Larime experiences such an
store. Palacios and Wichmann created a three- The garage’s roof had to be redone, but environment every day: Her organization is
story building within the one-story structure Eshenbaugh kept the masonry walls, concrete a tenant of the Historic Westside School, Las
to make room for the variety of businesses; lintels, and an intricate mid-century window Vegas’ oldest school building, which was built
the project was funded by Zappos CEO Tony wall that had divided the main space of the in 1923 and ceased to function as a place of
Hsieh, who in 2013 moved his headquarters to garage from the office. It now divides the learning in 1966. It was renovated in 2015 and
the former Las Vegas City Hall building and dining area from the kitchen, so customers opened a year later as an office complex.)
wanted nearby amenities for his employees. can watch the chefs at work. “Preservation is highly flexible in that it
The complex is just one example of many The thirst for such projects in and near tends to only apply to a building’s exterior,
recent adaptive reuse projects in and around downtown hasn’t just emerged from financial and there’s a lot that can be replaced with
downtown Las Vegas—the oldest part of the constraints. It’s also related to a trend modern materials in the interior,” Larime
city—which began to flourish after the 2008 occurring in cities across the country, in which says, adding that many homes and buildings
economic crash. With fewer resources to many residents are seeking more walkable, in Las Vegas are currently “aging to
build, developers and designers looked to denser environments. Older downtowns—in significance” as they approach their 50-
repurpose older buildings in the city’s core contrast to spreading suburbs—can furnish year mark and beyond—making it easier to
rather than start from scratch. Today, says these spaces. preserve them with historic designations and
Eshenbaugh, whose firm is also known for “Las Vegas has a serious car culture grant and tax credit options.
its downtown adaptive reuse work, “people and there’s a lot of sprawl,” says Bunnyfish Tax credits, in many cases, make historic
are generally interested in keeping buildings Studio’s Wichmann. “But people want to live rehabilitation projects a viable option in
intact. They’re demolished only when they’re in more urban environments and use their scenarios where they otherwise wouldn’t be
absolutely unusable.” vehicles less.” Wichmann says that more feasible. Although reuse projects are subject
Just southwest of downtown is Faciliteq, an condos and apartments are beginning to to a number of stringent guidelines—the
office furniture store and showroom located appear downtown and off the Strip to provide buildings in question must be listed on or be
in a building that once was an auto repair housing from which people can walk to nearby eligible for the National Register of Historic
shop. Turchin was involved in the garage’s services. “That also helps with the carbon Places, and they must also be certified by
transformation as a sustainability consultant. footprint,” she adds. the National Park Service as having met the
“Not only did we get LEED certification,” Even the architecture of the Strip is U.S. Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for
she says, “but a majority of the interior is showing signs of increased walkability. Al Rehabilitation—the Nevada State Historic
reports that the New York-New York Hotel Preservation Offices encourages the adoption
& Casino used to feature fake storefronts on of historic preservation and adaptive reuse as
“Preservation is highly its façade, but now has actual shops in which an economic development strategy with short
pedestrians can browse. “It’s emblematic,” and long-term economic benefits.
flexible in that it tends to he says, noting that the Strip’s spaces are Though preservation, sustainability, and
becoming more externally oriented in general. adaptive reuse have been part of the Las Vegas
only apply to a building’s “Twenty to 30 years ago, casinos were built environment for decades, the last 10
designed to make it difficult to navigate out of, years have witnessed a sea change in the types
exterior, and there’s a to keep people inside and gambling. But today of buildings and spaces people are drawn
there’s a recognition that walkable exteriors to—for financial and environmental as well as
lot that can be replaced are beneficial and sought-after.” cultural reasons.
Palacios sums it up: “The driving trend is
with modern materials Homes to take advantage of existing architecture,” he
says. “We’re even seeing new buildings that
in the interior.” The desire for walkability has also translated go up that try to mimic historic elements. It’s
to a desire for single-family midcentury driven by consumer interest—it’s what people
— Michelle Larime modern homes closer to downtown and the want.” AIA
158
AIA DESIGN MAY 2019 AIA Architect

AIADesign

PHOTOGRAPHY: TIMOTHY HURSLEY

The 4,500-acre Shelby Farms Park features programmed nodes of concentrated activity.

process with a clearly defined set of principles

and turned to the design team—which included
Marlon Blackwell Architects—to suss out a
program that resonated with their vision.
At more than five times the size of New
York City’s Central Park, the project’s scale was
simply too large to spread resources and social
energy throughout its entirety. To that end,
the team programmed nodes of concentrated
activity, allowing for quiet spaces to remain as
such, and for active areas to bustle with energy.
Investment and infrastructure were focused on
Heart of the Park, the 195-acre core that opened
in 2016. Centered around Hyde Lake, which
was expanded from 50 to 80 acres, it is ringed
by a two-mile pathway filled with seating,
pavilions, and plantings. A new boathouse,
visitor center, and restaurant bring people
closer than ever before to the water and offer
The master plan process for the park, started in 2007, aimed to transform the park into a showcase of the region’s geography and ecology. discrete architectural spaces that clearly mark
key locations around the lake.
An Urban Park On the site of a former penal farm on the
east side of Memphis, the 4,500-acre Shelby
Through thorough analysis of the site and
its character, the design team identified the
for All Farms Park blends pastoral landscapes with
an active central park to form the linchpin for
major challenges that threatened the park’s
long-term viability and role as a driver of the
This award-winning penal-farm-turned- the greening of the region. A true 21st-century region’s economic and environmental health.
park has already reinvigorated the east urban park—and recent recipient of a 2019 AIA The final plan directly addresses those
side of Memphis. Award for Regional & Urban Design—it has challenges—including the absence of a strong
already boosted the quality of life for citizens identity, fragmented habitats, and deficient
By Dominic Mercier of western Tennessee. public access—to transform the park into
A master plan process for the park began a showcase of the region’s geography and
in 2007 through an international competition ecology. It calls for embracing Memphis’ vibrant
sponsored by the Shelby Farms Park culture and food scene, developing a hub for
Conservancy; it was won by James Corner Field nature-based recreation, and creating gathering
Operations. The conservancy approached the places for all members of the community. AIA
159
NOTICE
of AIA candidates & Convention business items

CANDIDATES FOR INSTITUTE OFFICERS

Elections for the Institute’s 2020-2022 At-large Director on the AIA Board of Directors, 2020-2021 Treasurer, and 2020 First Vice
President/2021 President-elect, will be held at the AIA Convention/Conference on Architecture, June 5–8, 2019. If no candidate for
First Vice President or Treasurer obtains a majority of the votes cast during the initial round of voting on June 6, 2019, a run-off election
will take place on June 7, 2019. The following members have declared themselves candidates for national office.

2020–2022 At-large Director (one will be elected) 2020–2021 Treasurer ACCREDITATION

Accreditation of delegates for the 2019 National Convention (at the AIA
Conference on Architecture) will take place online beginning in early April
2019 and will also take place at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Las
Vegas, Nevada, on Wednesday, June 5, 2019, at 11am–12pm. Only accredited
delegates may take part in the annual meeting or vote for candidates for
Institute office.

ANNUAL MEETING
The Institute’s annual meeting will begin promptly at 3:45pm in the Las
Vegas Convention Center on Wednesday, June 5, 2019. Delegates who fail
to claim their voting keypads and to use them to register their presence at
Verity L. Frizzell, FAIA Britt Lindberg, AIA, Evelyn M. Lee, AIA the start of the meeting, will not be able to vote at the meeting.
AIA New Jersey LEED AP AIA San Francisco/
AIA Silicon Valley/ AIA California
AIA California PROPOSED BYLAWS AMENDMENTS
The AIA Board of Directors is sponsoring amendments to the Institute’s
Bylaws, scheduled for consideration by the delegates at the annual business
2020 First Vice President/2021 President-elect meeting at the Las Vegas Convention Center on June 5, 2019. Bylaws
amendments require approval by an affirmative two-thirds majority of the
votes cast (or accredited to be cast) by delegates at the meeting, determined
in the manner prescribed in Section 9.011 of the Bylaws.

Bylaws Amendment 19-A

Titling of Allied Members. This proposal calls for changes to Bylaws provisions
governing how chapter Allied members may describe themselves.

Bylaws Amendment 19-B

Expenditure Limitations. This proposal calls for changes to Bylaws provisions
governing the Institute’s expenditures and liabilities.
Peter J. Exley, FAIA Bruce W. Sekanick, FAIA
AIA Chicago/AIA Illinois AIA Eastern Ohio/ RESOLUTIONS
AIA Ohio The delegates at the AIA National Convention will also be asked to consider
resolution(s), which require approval by a majority vote of the delegates
present and voting.
To view candidate speeches, visit aia.org/2019candidates. For candidates’
statements, and the full text of the proposed Bylaws amendments and resolutions,
visit the AIA Conference on Architecture web site,
conferenceonarchitecture.com/aiabusiness.
AIA COLLABORATION MAY 2019 AIA Architect

AIACollaboration

Above: Frank Gehry: Building Justice follows students at Yale and SCI-Arc as they examine U.S. prison design in 2017. Below: Do More With Less showcases how Latin American architects are building sustainable,
affordable projects in their communities.

PHOTOS COURTESY OF THE ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN FILM FESTIVAL

Many of the best-known architecture founder Kyle Bergman, AIA.
In Its 10th Year, documentaries profile notable designers.
Take 2003’s acclaimed My Architect, where
To help achieve this goal, the festival’s
2018–19 season kicked off in New York City
the Architecture director Nathaniel Kahn examined the life of
famed architect Louis Kahn, his father. More
last fall, featuring its most diverse lineup
of films yet. This season’s films promote
& Design recently, the widely released films REM and
Big Time focused, respectively, on the work
inclusive design by highlighting projects that
seek to remedy the 21st-century challenges
Film Festival and design philosophies of Rem Koolhaas,
HON. FAIA, and Bjarke Ingels.
of urbanization, climate change, and social
injustice.
Emphasizes While films like these delight architects
and public audiences alike, the Architecture
Frank Gehry: Building Justice, directed
by Ultan Guilfoyle, follows students at the
Social Justice & Design Film Festival (ADFF), now in its
10th season, showcases stories that extend
Southern California Institute of Architecture
(SCI-Arc) and Yale as they attempt to
At the Blueprint for Better film series beyond the accomplishments of individual understand how the design of current U.S.
A’19 in Las Vegas, films from this year’s designers, demonstrating a commitment to prisons has contributed to mental and physical
ADFF highlight how designers can enhancing public understanding of the value health problems within incarcerated and
remedy pressing social concerns of architecture. “One of the festival’s goals is formerly incarcerated populations. Partnering
to inspire and educate everybody about the with Impact Justice, the George Soros Open
By Kathleen M. O’Donnell power of design,” says ADFF director and Society Foundations, and A New Way of
161
 AIA Architect JUNE 2015
MAY 2019 AIA DESIGN
AIA PERSPECTIVE

AIAPerspective
Life, educators (including Frank Gehry, AIA) This year’s keynote presenters are more
took a multidisciplinary human-centered than pioneers in their respective fields;
approach and encouraged students to propose their continued success and positive impact
design solutions for restorative justice and highlight what can be created and achieved
rehabilitation facilities. “As architects, we have when preconceived notions and stereotypes
to lead by example. We have the opportunity to are overcome.
design for positive change, and we should act The first keynote speaker is Reshma
on that,” Bergman says. “It’s inspiring to see Saujani, CEO and founder of the nonprofit
that Frank Gehry is spending some of his time organization Girls Who Code and a trailblazer
trying to encourage students to be civically in the world of technology. Girls Who Code
engaged.” was at the top of Fast Company’s not-for-profit
The Ecuadorian film Do More with Less sector list of the World’s 50 Most Innovative
explores how architects and architecture Companies for 2019, which honors “the
students are making the most of space and businesses making the most profound impact
resources in Latin America. By building with on both industry and culture.”
local materials and training young people in Our day two keynote event will feature
construction skills, the featured designers a conversation with Ryan Coogler, one of
put a sharp focus on their environment and the most successful and critically acclaimed
economy, with an acknowledgment that a
sustainable built environment is crucial for the
Beyond Our directors, writers, and producers in
Hollywood. His work on Fruitvale Station won
future of their communities.
While they are only two of ADFF’s many
Comfort Zones top audience and grand jury awards in the U.S.
dramatic competition at the 2013 Sundance
films to be featured this year, Do More with Less The A’19 Conference gives architects Film Festival, and Ryan was included on
and Frank Gehry: Building Justice both signify countless opportunities to learn and Time’s 30 Under 30 2013 list. Ryan’s latest
how conversations about the relationship connect. work, last year’s blockbuster Black Panther,
between design and social responsibility are continues to rewrite Hollywood history and
making their way into mass media. AIA’s Conference on Architecture 2019, break barriers.
For the third year, ADFF has partnered scheduled for June 6–8 in Las Vegas, is an A’19 will include more than 50 events that
with AIA to bring films to the Conference opportunity to listen, learn, and exchange ideas will link you with colleagues at every stage
on Architecture. Along with Frank Gehry: with other members of our profession, as well of their careers, from young professionals to
Building Justice and Do More with Less, the as leaders from other disciplines who share our practice leaders to firm owners and partners.
Blueprint for Better Film Series at A’19 in love of smart, sustainable, leading-edge design. In addition, socials, happy hours, receptions,
Las Vegas will feature a variety of other films This year’s theme, Blueprint for a Better lunches, and breaks between sessions will
from recent festival programs. Like the bigger Future, will encourage and empower architects offer ample opportunity to grow your network
festival, Blueprint for Better will screen films to go beyond our traditional comfort zones by making new professional connections.
connecting social causes with design. as designers, creators, and trusted advisers The 2019 Architecture Expo will feature
The series will feature more than a dozen and become even more engaged in our 200,000 square feet of the newest high-tech
finalist films from the annual AIA Film communities. products and materials. More than 700
Challenge in short-film sequences on topics Just as AIA’s Blueprint for Better campaign companies will exhibit at the Expo, which
such as housing, resilience, culture, and seeks to hone the innate talent of architects as has been recognized as one of the Top 100
equity and inclusion. Among the most moving conveners and problem-solvers, we continue Expos in the country by the Trade Show News
of these are the 2018 AIA Film Challenge to refine the conference experience to deliver Network.
winners Past/Presence: Saving the Spring Garden the information and thought leadership that The conference is a unique forum that
School; A Joyful Gathering Place; and ChildSafe: informs and energizes attendees long after provides information and networking
Designed to Heal, all of which have been they return home. opportunities that help us do our jobs better,
screened at ADFF events this year. While the focus of A’19 is architecture and make a bigger difference in the communities
After a decade of bringing the best new architects, it continues the transformation we serve, and ultimately achieve our vision
design films to audiences around the world, of the conference into an event that is more of a brighter future for architecture. We can
ADFF has become a mainstay in both the inclusive and appealing to everyone along the do this by positively advancing conversations
architecture and film communities through career continuum, from young professionals to on essential topics, including stopping or
innovative programming and partnerships. seasoned architects with decades of experience. mitigating climate change and ensuring social
As ADFF continues to expand, the films it Roman Mars, creator and host of the justice and economic opportunity for all—
PHOTOGRAPHY: GABRIELA MARKS

showcases will not only highlight design’s 99% Invisible podcast, will host our main without regard to race, gender, or nation.
impact to the public, but also serve as a stage sessions. His is one of the most popular In that regard, joining thousands of your
reminder to architects of their responsibility architecture and design podcasts today. By colleagues from around the world isn’t just an
to contribute. “At the end of the day, if we pairing his exceptional storytelling skills with investment in your career and the careers of
can encourage some architects who attend his ability to draw connections and highlight your teammates. It is also an investment in the
the festival to be socially active, then we important themes, Roman will augment the future of the profession.
have accomplished something important,” big ideas we’ll hear from keynote speakers
Bergman says. AIA who will help us look at issues in a new way. William Bates, FAIA, 2019 AIA President
162
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 167

“Now I observe myself

ardently promulgating
the Eero-myth. …
He is all of this
and none of this.
But recorded, it
becomes truth for
the future.”

Aline Louchheim Saarinen, Publicist by Eva Hagberg Fisher

168

In 1953, an established arts journalist named Aline Aline Louchheim in the ’60s
Bernstein Louchheim, then working as an associate
art critic for The New York Times, flew to Bloomfield
Hills, Mich., to interview Eero Saarinen, the son of
renowned architect Eliel Saarinen and solo architect
on the rise, and write a profile for the newspaper.
She hadn’t been the first choice for the assignment;
that was John McAndrew, a professor at Wellesley
College, but something had happened with him, and
she’d volunteered, or been volunteered to go, and so
there she was, ready to meet Saarinen, do the requisite
interview, and go home.
The assignment itself was nothing new for
Louchheim: She was as comfortable reporting The Modern Architectural Publicist
on executive shake-ups at the California Modern Louchheim and Saarinen drove from one building to
Institute as she was exploring the issue of another on the first night of her visit, and they did
monumentality in architecture; as well-versed in the more than talk about architecture: As they rounded
formal qualities of Alvar Aalto’s curved forms as she a corner in the car, they also metaphorically rounded
was in Mies’ Modernism. She was part of an exclusive a different kind of corner, when one of them touched
social milieu in New York, attending garden parties the other’s hand—an event that we can find described
with Philip Johnson, palling around with playwright in one of the thousands of letters that they wrote to
Clifford Odets (she broke a date with him to write the each other, and which was followed, very quickly, by a
Saarinen profile), becoming romantically entangled far greater intimacy.
with Edgar Kaufmann Jr., son of the Fallingwater I spent four years reading those thousands of
Kaufmanns. She’d never met Eero, although she’d letters, now physically and digitally held by the
written about him once before: in 1948, when she’d Smithsonian’s Archives of American Art, as well as
reported on the results of the St. Louis Gateway Arch papers from Saarinen’s office held at Yale, to research
competition, the event that ended the partnership and write my recently finished dissertation at the
between the elder and younger Saarinen, when, after University of California, Berkeley, which argued
years of working together, they submitted separate that Louchheim was indispensable in Saarinen’s rise
designs—and Eero won. to fame. More broadly, I illuminated the ways in
Louchheim’s editorial brief was to portray Eero’s which her press machinations and editorial acuity
life post-Arch. “What we would like is a combination (exemplified in her job as “Head of Information
personality piece and discussions of the man’s work,” Services” for Eero Saarinen and Associates) amplified
her editor, Daniel Schwars, wrote in a memo. “You not only his career, but helped codify a cultural
would give the reader an idea of the kind of man that and professional position: the modern architectural
Saarinen is and how he developed personally and publicist. As I argue, most biographical treatments

archives of american art, smithsonian institution

artistically, together with an evaluation of his work.” documenting Saarinen’s smooth rise to fame post-
The piece, which was published in April 1953, ran with 1953 have either ignored or glossed over Louchheim’s
the headline “Now Saarinen the Son.” It was a loving contributions. When mentioned, she has been

aline and eero saarinen papers, 1906–1977.

profile; Louchheim called Saarinen “the most widely categorized as something between helpful wife and
known and respected architect of his generation.” She casual observer. The oversight warrants more than
described his buildings as those that “interlock form, just a feminist reworking of our understanding of
honest functional solutions, and structural clarity,” his career, though it definitely warrants that. It also
and wrote that they “become one expression of our neglects the actual ways in which fame has been
way of life.” produced since the second half of the 21st century.
It was an idea that she—and he—would repeat I wrote this dissertation because my experience
for years, from their shared breakfast table, in their working in the field of architectural journalism did
shared house. For this particular assignment not only not square with the ways in which I saw architectural
changed Louchheim’s life, as well as Saarinen’s; it also historians rely on the press as a neutral and
helped change his practice, not to mention the lives representative agent of an architect’s value. I wanted
of countless architects (and magazine editors, and to correct—and add to—the record. I also wanted to
writers) to come. read Louchheim and Saarinen’s sexts.
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 170

A 1953 birthday card from Aline to Eero

aline and eero saarinen papers, 1906–1977.
archives of american art, smithsonian institution
 171
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It is a cardinal rule of journalism that profile
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on letters written in the first few months of their fire-rated doors and windows. You won’t
1953 courtship—letters that alternated between the have to compromise aesthetics to satisfy
professional and the deeply personal—that Louchheim safety regulations.
had solicited line edits and quote checks from
Saarinen, line edits that came with admonitions about
how many “spanks” he would give her because of her
“scalpel”-like critiques.
For the most part, if an architect has been widely
and legibly published, if their work has appeared
in magazines and was written about in a forthright
and cohesive manner, then that has suggested that
the work was inherently valuable. The Avery Index
to Architectural Periodicals, a Columbia University–
sponsored database that tracks press appearances, is
often used to measure how seriously we should take
someone. It shows a marked increase in articles about
Saarinen (from 32 to 157) after Louchheim’s story was
published. Yes, Saarinen’s winning of the St. Louis
Arch competition inspired new interest in his work
(hence Louchheim’s assignment from the Times), but
his presence in the press—and, more importantly, the
clarity with which his work began to be represented—
shifted dramatically post-Louchheim.
You see where I’m going with this, or at least you
should, because what I’m arguing is that Louchheim’s
interventions—which she formalized with her job at
the firm and which ranged from editing speeches that
Saarinen gave, preparing text to send to magazines,
coordinating the dissemination of photography and
which photographer to hire for which job, managing
competitive editors who each wanted to be the first
to publish a project, deftly managing job and press
opportunities by writing letters to the likes of Ada
Louise Huxtable (whom she recommended for her
job at The New York Times), and generally keeping the
message extremely on track, not to mention the ways
in which she invited Saarinen to intervene in creating
his own profile—had a profound impact on the way
in which his work and career were subsequently
represented.
As she wrote to the art critic Bernard Berenson in
1958: “Now I observe myself ardently promulgating
the Eero-myth. All of us around create situations
to reveal him as we understand him. He creates
situations to reveal himself as he understands himself
and as he wishes to be understood. Reporters and

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 173

Saarinen’s house to-do list

circa 1954

YOU CALL ME RAIN

photographers create situations to satisfy editorial

demands. He is all of this and none of this. But
recorded, it becomes truth for the future.”

A Euphemism for Lying

Saarinen was married when they met, and
Louchheim’s story portrayed his wife, the sculptor
Lilian Swann, as a domestically oriented helpmeet
who produced a sculpture of “a fantastic three-toed
sloth”—not exactly on a par with her description
of Saarinen’s “talent.” Letters, written around this
time, show Louchheim mounting extraordinarily
compelling and well-constructed arguments for
why Saarinen should leave Swann for her. “We find
this candidate fitted intellectually, emotionally, and
physically to the job,” she wrote to him in a mock
HYDROTECH CALLS
job application (the job was wife/adviser). She was
also concerned about her Times article. “It’s not really
ME OPPORTUNITY
archives of american art, smithsonian institution

good,” she wrote to him. “You deserve much better.

… I console myself by saying this is just journalism,
any way, and not very important. But YOU are
aline and eero saarinen papers, 1906–1977.

important—and it would be nice if anything that had

to do with you did you justice.”
She kept writing to him, taking every opportunity
to mention her skills and her connections. She also
reminded him that it was the combination of their
talents—his with architecture, hers with words—that
would produce so much more than the sum of their
parts. Saarinen finally relented. In February 1954,
the two secretly married in New York City; in 1956,
she moved to Bloomfield Hills to take a permanent
position with Saarinen’s firm. Publicity as a practice
may have been standard in corporate America, and
was increasingly becoming standard for art, but her
 175

organization and control of the firm’s publications was

the first time an architecture studio had had a figure
like hers on staff, someone who could blend a personal
relationship to her subject and professional expertise,
to considerable effect. Before Louchheim and other
pioneers of PR, architects relied on their own cult of
personality for fame; think Philip Johnson, perhaps
the best at the game, who single-handedly cultivated
his own image (read Mark Lamster’s 2018 biography
The Man in the Glass House, published by Little, Brown
and Co.). Architects who could convince society ORDINARY ROOFS
doyennes to fund them and enterprising journalists
to write about them could become successful; those
without such access were, until Louchheim’s role was
WASTE ME
professionalized, at a clear disadvantage.
Professional memos between 1956 and 1961,
when Saarinen died suddenly of a brain tumor,
demonstrate Louchheim’s skills at maneuvering—
which, in this case, is a frequent euphemism for
lying. One of her most frequent press contacts was
Douglas Haskell, editor of Architectural Forum, one

HYDROTECH ROOFS
LEVERAGE MY
archives of american art, smithsonian institution

POTENTIAL
aline and eero saarinen papers, 1906–1977.

A 1954 birthday card from Aline to Eero

of the major architecture publications of the time,

and one that frequently featured Saarinen. As she
was figuring out her job, he was figuring out how
to navigate a changing publishing world. For many
years, it was standard practice to send project photos
to all the magazines, but Haskell had decided to try
something else: the exclusive. In 1961, Saarinen wrote
a memo to Louchheim outlining a phone call he had
had with Haskell negotiating the publication of the
upcoming TWA Terminal at John F. Kennedy Airport.
“If FORUM does this, then they would insist on the
same kind of an arrangement as they had with Chase
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 177

Manhattan,” Saarinen wrote. “This arrangement is that

all the ordinary information … is available to all the
magazines, but the FORUM had the inside track on
special and more information.”
Louchheim had angered Haskell on a previous
project, when she had given the same information to
HELPING YOU
his magazine and to Architectural Record. She’d written
Haskell a long letter saying that she had given him
HARNESS THE
special access—“the series of candid camera shots
of Eero and the designers at work on models,” and POWER OF RAIN ™

expressed surprised and dismay that “you would be

so distressed that another magazine should publish
a particular job with a limited point of view.” Her
willingness to insult Record by calling its point of view
“limited” smoothed things over. Haskell forgave her. THE GARDEN ROOF ®

Today, for magazine editors, the “exclusive” is

often all that matters—sometimes to writers’ great
ASSEMBLY
distress, and architects’ total chagrin. A building
can be held by a magazine for years, with the writer
attached and unable to file an invoice. Some writers,
INTRODUCED OVER
sometimes, try to game the system. So do publicists—a 20 YEARS AGO,
practice that is whispered about in a “can you
believe they tried to pull this shit” kind of way. Let
PROVIDING:
it be known that no one was better at pulling that
kind of shit than Louchheim. She pretended to lose stormwater management solutions
photographs, pretended that she had accidentally reduce
thrown away her carefully typed written responses to retain
editors. She was the original staller, waiting weeks to
respond to an editor’s inquiries and then acting, in her delay
correspondence, as if she just couldn’t get it together extended roof longevity
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offering those very materials to another editor; if the additional usable space
ruse was ever uncovered (as it was with Haskell), she
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could lean on her sly confidences, extolling the virtues
of the publication in question, and roundly insulting
the others. Louchheim was playing “bad cop” to
Saarinen’s innocent “genius architect good cop”—and Learn more today at
accomplishing her goal for the studio: to get as much
exposure, in as wide a variety of outlets, as possible.
hydrotechusa.com/power-of-rain
The best example of this is the publication of the
TWA Terminal (which has been recently restored and
will reopen as a hotel in May). Louchheim ensured
that a combination of early news pieces in The New
York Times, glossy coverage in Architectural Forum, and
more would keep the structure alive in the public eye,
and, with her emphasis on its being compared to a
“bird in flight,” a legible structure despite its formal
unusualness for the time.
Louchheim understood the challenges of
translating the ways in which Saarinen wanted to talk
about architecture—with an emphasis on humanism,
deep phenomenological experience, and also the
geometric possibilities of certain concretes—and

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she encouraged him to speak in metaphors and

emphasize simple ideas. People got that Saarinen’s
Ingalls Rink at Yale curves like a whale mid-swim.
They got that the TWA Terminal looked like a bird
in flight. In particular, I can tell you that the famous
1956 Time magazine story that describes Saarinen and
Louchheim sitting at a breakfast table as he turns a
grapefruit peel upside down, depresses the middle,
and uses the resulting shape to demonstrate his vision
for the TWA Terminal roof was an Aline Louchheim
production. It would have been hard to get the
magazine’s readers on board a discussion of thin-shell
construction; but this intimate scene was a delight.
Aline had described it in a letter she sent to the Time
reporter, and in the retelling the story changed, so

I was astonished to learn, based on

letters written in the first few months
of their 1953 courtship, that Louchheim
had solicited line edits and quote
checks from Saarinen, line edits that
came with admonitions about how
many “spanks” he would give her
because of her “scalpel”-like critiques.
that it sounded like Saarinen had been struck by a
burst of inspiration as he manipulated the peel.
It was all a bit of clever marketing, in much the
same way as Saarinen (publicly, and strategically) took
every chance to disavow the bird-in-flight metaphor.

HANOVER
®
That doubling—of saying one thing behind the scenes
to writers, and another in public—allowed the office
to both create a gimmicky and sticky metaphor that

ARCHITECTURAL was easily understood while at the same time publicly

maintaining that Saarinen himself was a true genius
PRODUCTS beyond such easy similes.

NEW Shaping His Legacy, Posthumously

After Saarinen died, Louchheim kept the office

Porcelain Paver together to finish TWA. Saarinen’s partners, Joseph

Lacy, Kevin Roche, and John Dinkeloo, stayed
Collections together until 1966, when Roche and Dinkeloo formed
their own firm. Louchheim moved into television,
HANOVERPAVERS.COM where she worked as an on-air art and architecture
critic for NBC, and wrote more books, but not before
finishing what was then a definitive biography of
Saarinen. The title was Eero Saarinen On His Work
VISIT US IN BOOTH 6719 AT A’19! (Yale University Press, 1962). Yet the words—the on—
were hers. Even after his death, she was the one truly
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 180

shaping his image in this posthumous biography that

cemented so much of his reputation, and set the stage
for later analyses of his ouevre.
Recently I had lunch with a respected architectural
publicist and friend whose client, Margi Nothard,
ASSOC. AIA, lives in Florida and wanted to meet me
and show me her work. I told them a little bit about
Louchheim as we talked. Nothard showed me images
of two projects. One of them I knew I could work
with, and I watched as my friend picked up on my
interest, navigated me in a direction she knew—having
worked with me for 15 years—would suit me. I agreed
to pitch the story until I landed it. I kept thinking
of Louchheim, of how proud of my publicist friend
she’d be. At lunch, I felt special, smart, like I deserved
this story because I’d done a good job. I knew the
machinations behind this. I could see the strands of
this publicity dance and all the ways in which we were
doing each other favors. But I also knew that this
person and I are real friends, that when we hugged
and I said goodbye and she then sent me an email
with the pitch information and said, “This was the best
work lunch I’ve had in a while,” that she meant it. My
friend never met Louchheim. But her practice, the
way she works, the way she gives voice to architecture
all the while maintaining hundreds of interpersonal
Dune™ PANEL ©2003 modularArts, Inc.
relationships, that job can was profoundly shaped by
Doppler™ PANEL ©2018 modularArts, Inc. Aline Bernstein Louchheim Saarinen.

archives of american art, smithsonian institution

modulararts.com | [email protected] | 206.788.4210

aline and eero saarinen papers, 1906–1977.

Aline and Eero

in the 50s

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 185

“When architects
design new additions
for older museum
buildings, frequently
the new outshines—
or simply ignores—
the old. … That is not
the case here.”

A Big Architect for a Little Museum by Witold Rybczynski, hon. faia

186

How does a little museum in South Florida snag a a hat. “I knew that my board would want a Pritzker
high-profile international maven like Norman Foster, Prize winner, and I wanted a rational modernist who
HON. FAIA, whose client list includes the British would build a building that respected art. There have
Museum in London, the Smithsonian in Washington, been a number of museum additions where that has
D.C., and the Prado in Madrid? This is the question been a problem.” Alswang was too diplomatic to name
I put to Hope Alswang who, as executive director names; perhaps she was thinking of Daniel Libeskind,
and CEO of the Norton Museum of Art in West Palm FAIA’s 2006 addition to the Denver Art Museum,
Beach, oversaw a major expansion and renovation of which Christopher Hawthorne, in the Los Angeles Times,
the museum by the celebrated British architect. called “a pretty terrible place for showing and looking
Alswang described a meeting nine years ago at art.”) Alswang had seen Foster’s work at the British
with Gilbert C. Maurer, the Norton Museum board Museum and the Imperial War Museum in London, as
member who had chaired the search committee that well as his first art gallery, the 1978 Sainsbury Centre
had just tapped her to be the new director. Maurer for the Visual Arts at the University of East Anglia.
was COO of the Hearst Corp., and they met in his She had also visited the Reichstag in Berlin, which the
office on the 43rd floor of the Hearst Tower in New architect had renovated in the late 1990s. “I knew that
York. “We were discussing how the museum should Foster was interested in combining the new with the
move forward,” she recalled. “We agreed that what old, and that was one of our main issues.”
we needed was a master plan, and Gil asked me who I
would like to do the job. Rather cheekily I answered, The Legacy of a Society Architect
‘What about Norman Foster?’ ” The Norton Museum of Art was built in 1941, designed
Alswang knew that Foster was the architect of the by the Palm Beach firm of Wyeth & King. Marion Sims
Hearst Tower, completed four years earlier. What she Wyeth (1889–1982) was a prize-winning graduate of the
didn’t know was that Maurer had worked closely with École des Beaux-Arts who apprenticed with Bertram
Foster on the project. “Gil picked up the phone and Goodhue and Carrère & Hastings. After serving in
called the Foster + Partners New York office, which the Royal Flying Corps during the First World War,
was in the same building. Michael Wurzel, a partner, Wyeth established a practice in Palm Beach, becoming
immediately came up and we talked about what was what was then called a society architect. He was
involved in a master plan. That’s how it started.” an eclectic, often working in the Spanish Colonial
Alswang didn’t exactly pull Foster’s name out of Revival style pioneered by Goodhue and popularized

Wyeth & King’s original Art Moderne entrance to the Norton Museum of Art

danita delimont
188

Section A–A1

locally by Addison Mizner. He designed a beautiful

Moorish mansion in Honolulu for Doris Duke. Wyeth’s
residential clients in Florida included Ralph and
Elizabeth Norton, whose house he renovated in the
then-popular Monterey Colonial style. When Norton,
who belonged to a prominent Chicago family, retired
as president of the Acme Steel Co., he and his wife 0 50 100
settled in West Palm Beach, where they had been
wintering for years. The pair were serious art collectors,
and in 1940 they decided to found a museum and art
school to house their sizable collection. ■ Original building
The Nortons turned to Wyeth. He designed a 1. Main entrance
low, flat-roofed building with white stucco walls 2. Great Hall
and limestone trim in a style that is often called Art 3. Converted galleries

nigel young/foster+partners
Deco. Wyeth’s design has little to do with the frothy 4. Existing galleries
confections of South Beach, however, and is more in 5. Original galleries
the vein of Holabird & Root’s Palmolive Building in 6. Original entrance
Chicago (1929), Paul Cret’s Folger Shakespeare Library 7. Courtyard
(1932), and Raymond Hood’s Rockefeller Center 8. Auditorium
(1930-39). More accurately called Art Moderne, this 9. Restaurant
American version of early Modernism is distinguished 10. Events space
from the European International Style by its respect 11. Parking
for the classical tradition, its discreet use of ornament, 12. Sculpture garden
and its integration of artwork with architecture. The 13. Future expansion
 189

Ground-Floor Plan
A

11 13

8
4

2 3 7 6

1 5
10 3 4

12

9 13
A1

Top: The new entrance faces the South Dixie Highway and is dominated
by a giant banyan-like tree
n

0 50 100 Above: The Great Hall, which is lit by an oculus in the ceiling
190

last is evident in the Norton Museum’s façade, which

includes two sculptures and three bas-reliefs by Paul
Manship, a leading sculptor at the time and the author
of Rockefeller Center’s Prometheus. The façade also
displays these lines from Théophile Gautier: “All passes.
Art alone enduring stays to us; the Bust outlasts the
throne, the Coin, Tiberius.”
Wyeth’s rigorous Beaux-Arts plan was a group of
pavilions symmetrically organized around an outdoor
court. The intimate galleries resembled the rooms of
a large villa. By the time that Alswang commissioned
Foster, however, two infelicitous additions in 1997 and

nigel young/foster+partners
2003 had compromised Wyeth’s intentions by shifting
the entrance to the side to facilitate car access and
provide parking. The result recalled nothing so much as
a suburban shopping center.
“We first looked at re-establishing the original
front door,” Alswang told me. The problem was that
the museum’s main parking lot, which was on the far
side of South Dixie Highway, a broad avenue at the
back of the building, was simply too far away. Foster’s

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 191

Opposite: The polka-dot pattern on the

doors and the wall stripes are subtle
Art Moderne touches

Above: A refreshed existing gallery

Right: A new gallery

192

solution was to move the main entrance to face the

avenue, which not only solved the parking issue but
also gave the museum a more visible public face. At the
same time, he reinforced the prime axis of the original
building, replaced the side entrance with a new gallery,
and turned the adjacent parking area into a lush
subtropical garden. The master plan also envisaged
two pavilions flanking Wyeth’s original entrance to
accommodate growth in the undetermined future.
“We were thinking maybe a $20 million thing,”
Alswang told the Palm Beach Daily News. It turned
into a $100 million thing instead.

nigel young/foster+partners
Alswang was not without experience in museum
building. Before joining the Norton Museum she had
worked with Rafael Moneo, HON. FAIA, on an addition
to the Rhode Island School of Design Museum,
of which she was director. “All top architects are
expensive,” she told me. “It’s not so much the design
cost as the cost of building well. For example, we
built a full-size mock-up of a corner of the building
to test different alternatives.” The Norton Museum restaurant overlooks the new subtropical garden

Socialize

@architectmag

ArchitectMagazine
 193

All the Modern Amenities the Pantheon-like rotundas of Karl Friedrich Schinkel’s
The reconfigured and enlarged Norton Museum Altes Museum in Berlin and John Russell Pope’s
opened in February. Like Wyeth’s original entrance National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. Times
façade, the new “public face” features a work of art— have changed. Foster’s Great Hall is more like a large
Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen’s Typewriter living room, furnished with groups of easy chairs and
Eraser, Scale X. But the real attention grabber is a low tables, art books for browsing, and a convenient
huge banyan-like Ficus altissima that had been planted coffee bar. A lingering vestige of the neoclassical past
when the original museum was built. The building is a rather mysterious oculus in the domed ceiling that
appears to embrace the tree—the cantilevered recalls a James Turrell “skyspace.”
aluminum roof canopy, that resembles an airplane The Norton Museum addition also includes an
wing, has a curved cutout to accommodate the amenity that’s become commonplace in museums: a
100-foot-wide arboreal giant. restaurant. I’m not sure when museums first provided
The original Norton collection consisted chiefly of their visitors with a place to eat; the Museum of
European and American art as well as Chinese pottery Modern Art in New York had a restaurant (with a
and paintings, later augmented by contemporary art garden terrace) as early as 1939. My vague memory
and photography. Of the museum’s 130,000 square of early museum restaurants is that they had Eames
feet of gallery space, only about 10,000 square feet are or Breuer chairs as well as a modern decor; in short,
new. The rest of the Foster addition includes additional they were distinctly different from regular restaurants.
classrooms, a 210-seat raked auditorium, and a room Today, with so many commercial restaurants embracing
that the museum calls the Great Hall. In the past, a modern design, how is a museum eatery to distinguish
“great hall” in a museum was a monumental space, like itself? Frank Gehry, FAIA’s new restaurant in the

W W
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 194

ICON
Philadelphia Museum of Art takes the minimalist
road—and all that Douglas fir plywood creates the
charmless atmosphere of a high-school cafeteria.
Foster’s restaurant at the Norton has the advantage
of an outdoor terrace and the surrounding garden,
although its high-style chairs (a very comfortable
design from the German company Walter Knoll)
and somewhat austere decor reminded me of an
upscale spa. Perhaps there should be some art on
the smooth concrete walls?

Maintaining an Intimate Scale

When architects design new additions for older
museum buildings, frequently the new outshines—
or simply ignores—the old, a charge that has been
leveled at Snøhetta’s recent addition to the San
Francisco Museum of Modern Art. The usual
rationalization is that hardy chestnut, “contrast.”
That is not the case here. The new architecture
does not overwhelm the intimate scale that is one
of the charms of the Norton. Moreover, the new
addition blends seamlessly with the old museum
as the visitor moves effortlessly from the entrance
area to the galleries. This is partly because the old
galleries have been freshened up—repainted,
new LED lighting installed, carpeting taken up
to reveal the original oak floor—and partly
because the new layout is informed by the axial
Beaux-Arts plan.
Foster + Partners is too much of a modernist
firm to attempt an updated version of Art
Moderne, yet there are subtle stylistic touches. The
horizontal stripes on the consistent stucco exterior
and on the walls of the Great Hall are a low-key
reminder that streamlining was often part of Art
Moderne buildings. So are the polka dot patterns
on the front doors that are echoed, on a smaller
scale, in the auditorium. Neither reference is literal,
yet they function as effective visual cues.
During a 2017 press briefing in New York to
unveil the design of the addition, Alswang (who
retired last March) said it would be a dramatic
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 199

“At the moment that

Trump is trying to
build up walls,
we’re trying to break
down walls and
invite people in.”

TEN Arquitectos Designs a Beacon for the Resistance by Karrie Jacobs

200

While sitting in the crowded waiting area of Make (which were often pilfered by the management). Since
the Road New York’s storefront offices in Queens, the dawn of the Trump administration, MRNY has
formerly a Blockbuster video outlet, I think about increasingly been on the front lines of a cultural and
my grandmother. She left Poland at 18 and, working political war, protesting almost daily. The waiting area
as a seamstress along the way, immigrated to America where I sat was decorated with artifacts of those demos,
in the late 19th century. She eventually opened a cardboard signs shaped like butterflies, with slogans
Kosher restaurant in Hoboken, N.J., where my mother like “Resist,” “Rise Up,” and “Here to Stay.”
grew up, safely, happily, and far from the nightmare In February, MRNY made an announcement
that overtook the family that remained in Poland. It on Twitter, not of a protest but of a groundbreaking:
doesn’t take much empathy or imagination to make A rendering of an architectural section showed a
the connection between my family’s story—more or tightly configured, 24,000-square-foot modern
less the story of most American families—and those of building, all glass and corrugated metal, with the
the people around me on a March afternoon, mainly 7 train immediately adjacent, a ghostly blur, roaring
Spanish-speaking women, waiting for healthcare by on elevated tracks. I was amazed that a grassroots
counseling or an appointment with a lawyer. Until organization was building from the ground up and had
recently, the scene at Make the Road New York obviously hired an architect. My assumption was that,
(MRNY) would have been just another heartwarming somehow, Trump’s barrage of anti-immigrant invective
portrait of the American fabric, part of the melting had helped elevate the group politically and financially,
pot or the gorgeous mosaic. We used to be proud making a project of this scope possible.

Sectional rendering of MRNY’s new home

of our immigrant heritage, of our openness to those I was half right. There is an architect involved,

courtesy make the road ny; ten arquitectos

seeking a better place to live. specifically the New York branch of Enrique Norten,
With over 23,000 dues-paying members, MRNY HON. FAIA’s firm, TEN Arquitectos, founded in Mexico
is one of New York City’s most formidable immigrant City. But I was wrong about the project’s genesis. In
rights organizations. Founded in 2007 as a merger of my first conversation with Andrea Steele, AIA, who runs
two smaller groups, it has taken on a wide range of the New York office, she said that the firm was hired
issues that affect immigrant communities: workers’ prior to the 2016 election. Then, soon after, MRNY
rights, access to healthcare, and all the problems told her, “We need to speed things up.”
associated with the current administration’s punitive
approach to immigration law. MRNY, which derives An Anchor and a Beacon
its name from a poem by the Spanish writer Antonio Depending on whom you ask, MRNY’s project to
Machado (“Searcher, there is no road. We make the build a permanent home in Queens goes back even
road by walking.”), used to be famous, locally at least, further—nearly a decade or more. Including the
for its work on behalf of the carwasheros, the men former Blockbuster store, the organization maintains
who dry and buff newly washed cars, mostly for tips five rented offices in New York City, Westchester, and
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202

The center’s main gathering space, with bleacher seating

MRNY turned to a friend of the organization,
the urban planner Betsy MacLean, who, at the time,
was developing affordable housing for the Cypress
Hills Local Development Corp. in East New York, a
stubbornly ungentrified corner of Brooklyn. From
her work at Cypress Hills, MacLean understood the
funding mechanisms available to New York City
nonprofits. According to Valdés, “She says, ‘This is
actually doable. You will need to get some political
support to be able to raise capital from the city of
New York.’ ”
In 2014, MacLean took a new job, executive
director of Hester Street, an organization based
View from Corona Plaza
in New York’s Chinatown that began as a modest
Long Island. Co-executive director Javier Valdés, who spinoff of a small architecture firm called the Leroy
originally moved to the U.S. from his native Argentina Street Studio. A civic group, it helps nonprofits and
as a college student, tells me that he first saw the value community groups do urban planning and real estate
in owning instead of renting in 2011 when he and some development. In her new role, MacLean steered
colleagues visited the headquarters of a farmworkers MRNY to its local city council member, Julissa
union in Woodburn, Ore. “They owned a radio Ferreras-Copeland, who had just become the council’s
station. They owned affordable housing. They owned finance chair, and the organization secured enough
a community center,” he recalls. While it’s simpler to of a grant to pay for a feasibility study—which, of
amass property in Oregon than it is in New York City, course, was conducted by Hester Street. “We did a
the model was appealing: “They’re an institution that’s bunch of interviews with leadership,” MacLean recalls,
a little bit older than ours, and they’ve been able to “with staff. We did surveys. We did a couple of kind
pass this level of equity, generation to generation.” of charrette-type meetings to identify: So, what do

courtesy make the road ny; ten arquitectos

As Valdés walked me down Roosevelt Avenue in you need? What does this look like? And then we
Queens, a street pulsating with the kind of vitality that dove into their finances to figure out what they could
lately has gone AWOL from large parts of Manhattan, afford. And knowing what sources are out there for
he explained that gentrification has relentlessly community facility development, how we could start
followed the path of the 7 train deeper and deeper into to assemble those pieces.”
Queens, gradually encroaching on MRNY’s territory. MRNY secured $5.6 million through the city
“We were really concerned because of the increasing council and the Queens borough president’s office to
real estate pressures. What’s going to happen to the cover construction costs. To purchase the vacant lot
future of the organization?” Owning a building would they discovered, just 10 blocks up Roosevelt Avenue
allow them “to drop an anchor in the community from their current offices, they borrowed money from
and say that we’re here long term.” Also, the current the Local Initiatives Support Corp. (LISC), which
Jackson Heights facility, a warren of small- to medium- is a conduit for the kind of funding that is typically
sized rooms, simply wasn’t designed to house a generated by tax credits. All told, MacLean helped
growing community’s needs. piece together a mosaic of loans, grants, and tax
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credits, funding about 75 percent of the estimated

$30 million cost of the project. The other 25 percent
will come from MRNY’s fundraising efforts.

A Cold Call to TEN Arquitectos

Hiring the right architect was more complex than
finding funding, and also part of Hester Street’s
job. “Our criteria were great design, experience
working with government money, and working
within a budget,” MacLean says. She also was
searching for a firm that wasn’t, like much of the
profession, “overwhelmingly white and male.” She
worked her way through a short list without nailing
that “exact mix.” A late night internet search lead
MacLean to TEN Arquitectos. “I reached out to
Andrea, cold-called her, and to her credit, she was
down immediately. She was there.”
“We were really intrigued by TEN Arquitectos,”
Valdés recalls, “primarily because they were
bicultural. Most of their staff spoke Spanish. They
understood our organization. They were able to do
the focus groups in Spanish, which was critical.”
MRNY wanted enough space and flexibility
to hold two group meetings simultaneously, and
enough smaller offices to offer staffers and members
who’d arrived for, say, meetings with immigration
lawyers, a modicum of privacy. But the main things
the organization wanted from the new building

TEN Arquitectos’ New York Public Library branch on 53rd Street

were increased visibility and permanence—a

physical manifestation of a favorite slogan, “We’re michael moran/otto
Here to Stay.” Everyone I spoke with about the
project called it a “beacon.” Valdés: “We’re hoping
this will be a beacon.” Steele, noting how the

PRACTICAL IDEAS building will be visible to everyone riding by on

the 7 train: “They really need to be a beacon for the
larger community of the city.” I’m guessing it’s no
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the inspired design of BASWA Acoustics North America, LLC Continental Building Products, Inc. • Hilti, Inc.
Capitol Building Supply, Inc. (A GMS Company) Negwer Materials, Inc.
architects, the project skills CertainTeed Insulation • Kinetics Noise Control Radius Track Corporation • USG Corporation
Telling Industries
Architect General Contractor
of general contractors, the Architect General Contractor Cooper, Robertson & McCarthy Building
Smith Group JJR Clark Construction Group Partners Companies, Inc.
products of AWCI manufacturer
members and the craft and
management skills of AWCI
contractors. Along with AWCI’s
award partners—the Gypsum
Association, the Steel Framing
Industry Association and
the EIFS Industry Members
EIFS Interior Plaster
Association—we congratulate Totem Lake Shopping Center, Building B 350 Bush Street
Kirkland, Washington San Francisco, California
the winners. See more at
awci.org/awci/awards. AWCI Contractor AWCI Contractor
Applied Restoration Inc. Patrick J. Ruane, Inc.
AWCI Team Members AWCI Team Members
Amerimix Oldcastle California Expanded Metal Products (CEMCO)
Building Specialties (L&W Supply) ClarkDietrich • Foundation Building Materials
Evergreen Building Products (AD Building Materials) National Gypsum
Grabber Northwest • Parex USA
Western Materials, Inc. Architects General Contractor
Page & Turnbull Historic Hathaway Dinwiddie
www.awci.org Architect General Contractor Architects
IBI Group Robinson Construction
Heller Manus Architects

Small Projects Steel Framing Stucco

Pala Casino Spa & Resort, New Pool Complex Duke Ellington School of the Arts North Hollow Apartments
Pala, CA Washington, D.C. Portland, Oregon

AWCI Contractor AWCI Contractor AWCI Contractor

Raymond-San Diego Performance Contracting, Inc. Applied Restoration Inc.
AWCI Team Members AWCI Team Members AWCI Team Members
Allied Building Products Corp. • ClarkDietrich Allied Building Products Corp. • Capitol Building Building Specialties (L&W Supply) • Dryvit
Foundation Building Materials • Georgia-Pacific Supply, Inc. (A GMS Company) • ClarkDietrich Grabber Northwest • Stockton Products
Gypsum • L&W Supply • Westpac Materials Georgia-Pacific Gypsum • Hilti, Inc. • National Gypsum Western Materials, Inc.
Architect General Contractor Radius Track Corporation • Simpson Strong-Tie Architect General Contractor
Klai Juba Wald Level 10 Construction Architects General Contractor Sera Architects Skanska
Cox Graae + Spack GCS | SIGAL
Architects
Lance Bailey Associates
 206

accident that the word calls to mind the final words

of the Emma Lazarus poem on Lady Liberty’s torch:
“I lift my lamp beside the golden door!”
The focus groups helped clarify the spirit of
those aspirations. “We really wanted to understand,
not just the flows through the building and the
basic circulation, but how this building and how
this entity changes the directions of people’s lives,”
Steele told me. The primary thing, she determined,
was giving the organization a great communal
space. “They come together every night. To speak
about what they’ve done, to speak about what they
still need to do. To collectively share stories. Their
strength always comes from the collective.”
MRNY came across a likely architectural
approach in another TEN Arquitectos project:
“We visited some of the spaces they themselves
had designed,” Valdés says. “We were very much
moved by [their] design of the New York Public
Library across from MoMA.” Like the library, the
dominant element in MRNY’s building will be a
set of bleachers, clad in wood, and highly visible
behind a wall of glass. This will be the community
center’s main space, where members will convene
to hang out, to be among friends, or to discuss
topics like education, environmental issues, and
transgender rights.
A passageway next to the bleachers leads deeper
into the building, to office space and to classrooms
where English, reading, and citizenship will be
taught. Adjacent to the main space is a day care

CONTROL center and also a dedicated space for teenagers.

A series of strategically placed cutouts will bring
sunlight down into the building’s lower levels;
there’s room on the deep lot for a courtyard out

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dining is a big part of MRNY culture, as is coffee.
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a glimpse of a glassed-in conference room, and

there’ll be graphics at the level of the elevated track
to catch the eye of passing commuters.
The most significant thing about the location
is that directly across the street is Corona Plaza, a
public space created on what was, until recently, a
street. “Corona Plaza is a pure extension of their
space,” Steele says: A funnel of patterned pavement
sends pedestrians to the perfect vantage point
where, through the windows, they can see MRNY
members gathering on the big steps.
“In Latin America, you usually have the main
plaza, the church, and the municipality,” Valdés
told me. MRNY has got the plaza, and there’s a
post office that stands in as a symbol of municipal
government. “And we want to be the church, not
in the sense of a place of worship, but as a place
where people gather.”

The Opposite of a Wall

Hanging around on the site, watching the trains
go by, I’m struck by how much optimism and
courage it takes for an immigrant rights group to
build a largely transparent community center in
the age of Trump. As Valdés told me: “My hope
is that every person that is a new migrant in the
city knows that this is a place they can go to.” At
the same time, there’s something unsettling about
a building so conspicuous—new construction is
a rarity on Roosevelt Avenue in Corona—and so
seemingly vulnerable for a population that’s on the
receiving end of hateful rhetoric and overzealous
enforcement. When you light a beacon you never
know who or what it will attract.
According to MRNY’s development director,
Julie Miles, there’s been an increased focus on
security staff training since Trump took office. The
situation in the new building, she argues, “will
not be very different from our current situation—
storefront buildings with lots of glass—so we
have protocols in place.” Valdés assured me that,
whether the façade is opaque or transparent,
ICE can’t enter the premises without a warrant:
“What we wanted to do is make sure people feel
welcome when they come in, and power in masses
is very important in our community—that you’re
not alone.” He went on to quote something that
Enrique Norten said to him: “ ‘At the moment that
Trump is trying to build up walls, we’re trying to
break down walls and invite people in.’ ”
Steele echoed that sentiment: “The last thing—
it goes without saying—the last thing we want to
do is build a wall.”
圀椀渀渀椀渀最 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 昀攀愀琀甀爀攀搀 漀渀 䄀0!&'2#!230*  吀栀攀 愀眀愀爀搀猀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 椀猀 漀瀀攀渀 琀漀 搀攀猀椀最渀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀椀漀渀愀氀猀 眀漀爀氀搀眀椀搀攀⸀ 
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212
 THE 2019 HONOR AWARDS

This year’s winners all responded to an architect’s

version of the Proust questionnaire. Responses have
been edited for space. See the complete versions on
architectmagazine.com.

214 Gold Medal

216 Thomas Jefferson Award
217 Whitney M. Young Jr. Award
218 Topaz Medallion
220 Architecture Firm Award
222 Collaborative Achievement
224 Twenty-Five Year Award
226 Edward C. Kemper Award produced by eric wills
214

Richard
Rogers

The Italian-born Rogers, hon. faia, winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize (and
honored with a knighthood), has now added AIA’s highest award to his list of bona
fides. Heralded as a high-tech iconoclast and environmentalist who embraced
sustainable design before it was fashionable, Rogers partnered with both
Norman Foster, hon. faia, and then Renzo Piano, hon. faia, before founding his
own London-based firm, now called Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners, in 1977.

What is your greatest achievement? Surviving school. . What is the most memorable moment of your career?

When Renzo Piano called me to say that we had won the Pompidou Centre competition. . What was your most rewarding

collaboration? Designing the retrospective of our work at the Pompidou in 2008 and the retrospective at the Royal Academy of

Arts celebrating my 80th birthday [in 2013] with my son, the exhibition designer Ab Rogers. . What is the greatest ambition

you have yet to achieve? The next building. . What’s one building you wish you had done? Piazza del Campo in Siena. .

What’s the one design/project that got away? Tokyo International Forum. . What’s the best way to describe the

personality of your practice? We have a constitution. . What is the greatest challenge facing architects today?

Sustainability. . When did you first realize you wanted to be an architect? When I met my Italian uncle Ernesto Rogers,

BBPR architect and editor of Domus, who encouraged me. . What jobs did your parents have? My mother was a potter and

my father a consultant in renal medicine. . What would you have been if not an architect? A landscape architect. .

What keeps you up at night? Inequality. . What is your most treasured possession? I treasure people more than

possessions. . What is your greatest extravagance? My children. . When and where were you the happiest? At sunset

in the Val d’Orcia [in Tuscany], with my family and friends looking at the view of Monte Amiata eating zucchini flowers. .

What is your greatest fear? That we do not do anything about climate change. . Which talent would you most like to have?

As I love to eat, I wish I had learned how to cook, though I do live with a chef. . What does architectural happiness mean?

Working with a great team and engaged clients. . What’s the last drawing you did? The Photography Gallery for Château

La Coste Art Gallery for my great friend Paddy McKillen. . Which living person do you most admire? Ruthie Rogers. . Which

book(s) are you currently reading? I am re-reading Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls. . Who is your favorite hero of
phil fisk

fiction? Ulysses. . What’s the one question you wish we had asked (and the answer to that question)? Do you find short

questions difficult to answer, and my answer is yes. . What does winning the Gold Medal mean to you? More than I can say.
215
216

James
McCullar
James McCullar, faia, founded his New York–based firm, now called James
McCullar Architecture, in 1981, focusing on affordable housing, sustainable
community design, and urban revitalization. His steadfast commitment to such
projects has earned him the Thomas Jefferson Award for Public Architecture.

What is your greatest achievement? Co-founding the New York–based Consortium for Sustainable Urbanization that builds

bridges between the design community and the United Nations in support of the Sustainable Development Goals and the New

Urban Agenda adopted at Habitat III and by AIA in 2018. . When did you know you wanted to focus on affordable housing/

public design? After the New York City population loss and abandonment in the 1970s created a need for rebuilding the city. .

What is the biggest challenge right now in this area? Finding consensus on how to address a continued population growth

and exurban sprawl exacerbated by climate change and the lack of environmental planning. . What was your most rewarding

collaboration? The early Byland House in Missouri, a synthesis of active and passive solar design, local influences, and

octagonal solarium modeled on Jefferson’s Monticello. . What does winning the Thomas Jefferson Award mean to you?

An acknowledgment of a career in making our communities and cities more equitable and better places to live.

Founder and managing principal of Seattle-based architectural consulting firm

Studio Pacifica, Karen Braitmayer, faia, has earned the Whitney M. Young Jr.
Award for her significant contributions to accessible design.

left: aundre larrow; right: patrick kehoe

What’s the most memorable moment of your career? Receiving the call from President Elefante with the news of the

Whitney M. Young Jr. Award! . When did you first realize you wanted to specialize in accessible design? I can’t say there

was a defining moment when I realized I could make this my life’s work, but at each step it felt right to keep going. . What’s the

greatest challenge in the field today? The lack of research funding to enable increased anthropometric analysis of people

who have disabilities—research that would create the basis for more accurate and functional dimensional criteria so that our

built environment would better serve the needs of all users. . What’s the one thing you wish more people knew about

accessible design? That it’s just good design—design that supports users of all abilities, ages, and cognitive and sense acuity. .

What does winning the Whitney M. Young Jr. Award mean to you? I hope it elevates the need for accessibility in the built

environment and reminds AIA members of their power to better our communities for people with disabilities.
 217

Karen
Braitmayer
218

Toshiko
Mori

What is the most memorable moment of your teaching career? Each day when I see the insight and ideas of my students. .

When did you first know you wanted to teach architecture? When I was studying at the Cooper Union under John Hejduk. .

What is your teaching style? Observing each student to optimize his or her capacity and individual talent. . What is the

most unfortunate reality about architectural education today? The lack of diversity in terms of gender balance and diverse

cultural representation. . What is the greatest challenge facing architects today? Keeping up with changing technology

and balancing it with a moral and ethical compass. . When did you first realize you wanted to be an architect? When I was a

high school student studying the history of the Renaissance. . What jobs did your parents have? In international business. .
 219

Toshiko Mori, faia, founder of New York–based Toshiko Mori Architect,

has earned the Topaz Medallion for her groundbreaking contributions to
architectural education. The Robert P. Hubbard professor in the practice
of architecture at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, she was the first
female faculty member to receive tenure there.

What would you have been if not an architect? A diplomat. .

What keeps you up at night? The details in schedules and design. .

What is your favorite building? Maison Louis Carré by Alvar

Aalto. . What is your most treasured possession? My puppy,

Mamenosuke. . What is your greatest extravagance? Personal

yoga instruction. . When and where were you the happiest?

When I am at our farm in Maine, and being on or near the sea. . What

is your greatest fear? That we are making ourselves and the planet

extinct. . Which talent would you most like to have? Musical

talent. . What does architectural misery mean? Being stuck with

mediocrity. . What does architectural happiness mean? In the

state of harmony in quality, aesthetics, and function. . What is the

trait you most deplore in yourself? I tend to take the shortcut. .

What is the trait you most deplore in others? Laziness and not

being on time. . What’s the last drawing you did? Sketching of

framing details. . Which five architects, living or dead, would

you most like to have dinner with? John Hejduk, Kazuo Shinohara,

Alvar Aalto, Lina Bo Bardi, and Carlo Scarpa . Which living person

do you most admire? Paola Antonelli . Which book(s) are you

currently reading? Words Without Music, a Philip Glass memoir; The Library Book by Susan Orlean . Who is
shawn patrick ouellette/

your favorite hero of fiction? Taeko in The Makioka Sisters by Jun’ichirō Tanizaki . What’s the one question
portland press; getty

you wish we had asked (and the answer to that question)? What is your favorite sport? Skiing and swimming .

What do you hope your legacy will be? That my work survives beyond myself. . What does winning the

Topaz Medallion mean to you? Teaching is invisible; one cannot measure the impacts, and one teaches

continually for years with generosity, passion, and empathy. So, when such an effort is valued in visible terms,

it is incredible.
220

Payette

Boston-based Payette, founded in 1932, has built a reputation for bringing innovative
technological solutions to its projects without sacrificing design in the process.

What is the firm’s greatest achievement? We don’t think we’ve accomplished it yet; we truly believe the best has yet to come!

However, our greatest achievement to date has been innovation in our core typologies—our work has shaped how buildings for

science and healthcare are designed across the globe. . What’s the best way to describe the personality of your practice?

Collaborative, open, and rigorous. We are not a practice driven by personalities; we are a practice driven by the strength of the

collective. . What project best reflects your firm’s ethos? The ISEC at Northeastern University is a visible manifestation

of the firm’s commitment to the fusion of design and performance. Just this January, it was awarded the 2018 Harleston Parker

Medal, which recognizes the most beautiful building in Boston annually. . What is the greatest ambition the firm has yet to

achieve? While we do specialize in buildings for science and healthcare, our ambition is for the firm to be known for great design

work first and our expertise second. . What’s one building you wish you had done? We’ve never designed a skyscraper;

however, we’ve been close a few times. . What’s one building you wish you hadn’t done? We have a few, but they are all from

the 1980s. I think almost everyone feels the same way. . What’s the one design/project that got away? The Engineering Quad

at Princeton University—we felt we had the perfect team at the perfect time to do something incredibly special and innovative. .

What’s the firm’s favorite type of project to work on? We love to solve puzzles—complex projects that seem almost

unsolvable, with incredible programmatic and logistical complexity—that in the end if they are well-done, look effortless. .

What is the firm’s biggest extravagance? We invest heavily in our resources like our Fabrication Lab, our Building Science

Group, and our research at a level that is quite unusual for a firm of our size. . What is the biggest change coming to the firm courtesy payette

in the next year? As our practice grows—in staff and projects—we’re also expanding our relationship with the academy in new

and exciting ways. . What does winning the Architecture Firm Award mean to you? It’s a recognition from our peers of the

practice we’ve built—a standard to which we’ve held ourselves for many, many years, and while recognition once seemed elusive,

it is so much sweeter now.

221
222

Anne Anne Taylor, hon. aia, president of Albuquerque, N.M.–based School Zone Institute,

Taylor and a professor emerita at the University of New Mexico’s School of Architecture
and Planning, has advocated for design education as a requirement for every child.

What’s your vision for pre-college architectural education? Elementary, middle, and high schools need to integrate design

thinking and design education as a required subject in all subjects. This will demand that colleges of education partner with schools

of design to give professional development in design thinking to teachers and pre-service teachers. . What is the greatest

ambition you have yet to achieve? The establishment of a Design Center at the University of New Mexico or elsewhere to foster
steven st. john

research and furtherance of design education for the schools of America and globally. . What does winning the Collaborative

Achievement Award mean to you? I am humble about the award, but very proud of the collaborative work as a contribution and

legacy by a woman (and others) for all children P-K through 12-plus worldwide. The question is, “Will the world of educators listen?”
 223

Michael Michael Sorkin is the founding principal of New York–based Michael Sorkin Studio.

Sorkin As the architecture critic for The Nation, and the author and editor of countless
books, he has served as an abiding conscience to the profession.

What’s your favorite essay/book/piece of criticism that you’ve written? 20 Minutes in Manhattan or Local Code or …

When I look back at my writing, all I can see are the infelicities and unmade arguments. I’m also a publisher [urpub.org] and those

children all give me much joy. . What was your most rewarding collaboration? With [my wife] Joan. Ongoing for almost

40 years. . What is the greatest challenge facing architects today? Fascism. . What would you have been if not an

architect? Less broke. . What is your greatest extravagance? My practice. . Which talent would you most like to have?

Playing the piano like Horowitz. . What does architectural misery mean? Working for the man! . What does architectural

happiness mean? The good transmuted into the beautiful. . What does this award mean to you? Honor. Joy. Vegas.
left: aundre larrow; right: sandra henningsson

Jan For the last half-century, Jan Gehl, hon. faia, the founder and senior adviser at Copenhagen-

Gehl based urban research and design consulting firm Gehl, and author of the seminal book
Life Between Buildings: Using Public Space, has championed livable, well-designed cities.

What is your greatest achievement? What has been accomplished in Copenhagen in terms of making it one of the most livable,

people-friendly cities in the world. . What is the most memorable moment of your career? To see my closest collaborator

(and old student) Camilla van Deurs becoming the new city architect of Copenhagen in February 2019. . What is your greatest

regret? We did a big study with recommendations for London in 2004 for [then] Mayor Ken Livingstone. Then Mayor Boris

Johnson took over! . What is the greatest challenge facing architects today? I am increasingly frustrated to see the lack

of human quality in the many new towns of our time. No more Dubais please. . What do you hope your legacy will be? To be

remembered as one of the architects who brought back concern for people, after the many years of technocratic Modernism.
224
 225

The Sainsbury Wing at the

National Gallery

Designed by Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, the Sainsbury Wing at the
National Gallery in London divided opinions even before opening in 1991. Denise
Scott Brown, hon. faia, recalls how the project became a cherished landmark.

What was the greatest achievement in the design of the Sainsbury Wing? It houses some of the world’s most precious art

and sits at the center of Western culture, peered at by Lord Nelson at the center of Trafalgar Square. It was a very tender project. .

What problem/brief was the project attempting to solve? Opening the paintings to a wide world of people, helping each

person to have an I-thou relationship with at least a few paintings, and protecting all the paintings from physical harm and the

sun’s rays. . What attracted you to the project? The National Gallery’s Sainsbury Wing is a modern building, but it is also part

of the intertwined paths of classical architecture between Italy and the Anglo-Saxon world. Palladio is an English and American

hero with a greater importance here than in Italy. His pediments, columns, and famous window passed first to England then to

America, where they adorned plantations, mansions, and, via Mount Vernon and Monticello, made their way into the vernacular.

Palladianism is as American as Levittown. The gallery’s design embodies our own sorties down classical paths. In responding to

architectural ancestors ancient and modern, we played with cross-cultural traditions and meanings and defined context as more

than the physical environment. And of course we were attracted to a project with so much potential for rule-breaking, modern

and of the Sir John Soane kind. And we agree that this building was a love letter to London building culture, especially as defined

by John Summerson. . What was the public reception like to your proposal? Few architects in England liked it, but people

stopped us on the streets around it, and on the Charles Bridge in Prague, to thank us for designing it. . What was your most

memorable moment of the project? One was when we left London for Pakistan and Bob sat scribbling overnight on a British
peter cook/view pictures; getty

Airways menu, and as we landed showed me ballpoint sketches summarizing weeks of our thinking and research that led to the

design competition parti that the client eventually chose. . What turned out better than expected? As a result of connecting

Trafalgar Square, Leicester Square, the existing galleries, and our extension, we found we had created a welcoming setting for the

several million visitors to the gallery each year. But also, to our surprise, a setting that welcomes and protects protests and

assemblies. If you saw the recent protest at the visit of President Trump, you saw our façade hanging over it. The frontage of the

Sainsbury Wing is our Peace Park. . What didn’t work out exactly as planned? Some things the client wouldn’t allow—a

window at the end of the main gallery was the greatest loss. From it, the vista of Pall Mall, set in the art, would have seemed
226

like fairyland. . What’s the best description of the finished building? Charles Holland called it “a love letter

to London.” We would add “a mannerist love letter,” with nods to Soane, Lutyens, Summerson, and the clubland

Classicism of Pall Mall. . What do you hope the building’s legacy is? Historic England has named it an

archetypal postmodern building and in its listings placed it with England’s most-loved cathedrals. I hope this will

help to preserve it—perhaps even return some changed items and add some we recommended without success.

And in propelling this art toward a wider world, we wish for it a future of understanding and relating cultures more

than providing symbols of national power. I hope people will leave it with warm hearts.

Sketch of the Sainsbury Wing from 1986

Robert
Traynham
Coles

top: university of pennsylvania, architectural archives; opposite: luke copping

Robert Traynham Coles, faia, has earned the Edward C. Kemper Award for his
exemplary service to AIA. The founder of Buffalo, N.Y.–based Robert Traynham Coles,
Architect, he served as AIA’s deputy vice president of minority affairs from 1974 to 1976,
and won the Whitney M. Young Jr. Award in 1981.

What is your greatest achievement? I have thrived in an interracial marriage for 65 years. We were the couple least likely

to succeed. . What have you hoped to accomplish through your AIA advocacy? To get others to become aware of the

have-nots. . What progress have you seen during your career with the issue of race in architecture? The formation of

the National Organization of Minority Architects (NOMA) to speak for black architects. . What work remains in that area?

To achieve its goals, NOMA needs funding from outside sources, like your magazine. . What was the greatest challenge you

faced during your career? To be recognized that as a black architect I had a vision for our society. . What is your greatest

professional regret? Being passed over as dean of architecture at Howard University in 1970 because I was not a graduate. .

What project of yours best illustrates your approach to architecture? The Frank E. Merriweather Jr. Library [in Buffalo],

designed like an African village. . When did you first realize you wanted to be an architect? When my high school teacher

told me that there were no black architects. . What does architectural misery mean? Living in slums like many Americans

still do. . What does architectural happiness mean? Living in integrated neighborhoods. . Who is your favorite hero of

fiction? Howard Roark, who said, “Give me the skin of white people and retain the soul of black people.” . What does winning

the Edward C. Kemper Award mean to you? As the first African American to win the award, it gives me recognition in the

profession and might assist me in publishing a book I’m working on about African American Fellows.
227
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LEED:
A LEGACY
Leaders across
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Photo Credit: offset.com/photos/322195

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230

232 Starter Home* No. 4-15, Saint Thomas/Ninth

236 Restoration of the Rotunda at the University of Virginia
240 Hyundai Capital Convention Hall
244 Detroit East Riverfront Framework Plan

248 National Museum of African American History and Culture

252 Design Office
256 Arlington Elementary School
260 St. Pius Chapel and Prayer Garden
264 Shelby Farms Park
268 Optimo Hat Co.
272 Infra-Space Initiative
276 Noma 2.0
280 Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
284 Confluence Park
288 Casey House
292 New United States Courthouse—Los Angeles
296 Pike Place MarketFront
300 Studio Dental II
304 Apple Store, Upper East Side
308 Trumpf Smart Factory Chicago
312 Crosstown Concourse
316 Tirpitz Museum
 THE 2019 INSTITUTE HONOR AWARDS

text by ian volner

edited by katie gerfen
232

Starter Home* No. 4-15, Saint Thomas/Ninth

New Orleans
OJT

A housing complex increases density

in urban New Orleans, fitting a dozen
units where three were zoned.

photos by will crocker

233
234

Second-Floor Plan Third-Floor Plan

Ground-Floor Plan

2 2 2 2 2
1 1

1 1
1. Two-bedroom unit
2 1
2. Three-bedroom unit
n

0 10 20

New Orleans–based OJT (Office of Jonathan Tate) has communal environment that still preserves individual
developed a laser-focused urbanist practice, capable of ownership and a degree of privacy for all inhabitants.
taking on challenging sites, byzantine code processes, The formal device that helps to facilitate this is a
and lean budgetary conditions, and transforming all continuously shifting roofline, jumping from house
of these seeming obstacles into positive advantages by to house and giving the whole block a zigzag profile,
dint of incisive form-making. How it does this is borne with each unit distinct yet part of a cogent visual whole.
out in its No. 4-15, Saint Thomas/Ninth development Combined with the buildings’ ribbed-siding-clad
in New Orleans’ Irish Channel neighborhood: Hard by exteriors and relative height (at three stories, they are
the banks of the Mississippi River, in a residential area taller than most houses in the area), the rooflines help
interspersed with light industrial buildings, the project establish a relationship between the complex and the
is an attempt to build affordable housing that breaks nearby warehouses, creating a silhouette that seems a
the mold—without breaking the bank. perfect mix of the customary domestic and industrial
OJT began with the regulatory givens of the site— typologies.
in a low-density area, largely zoned for single-family The product of intense study into local history,
homes on big lots—and then turned those rules upside demographics, and economics, the Saint Thomas/
down, exploiting multifamily zoning allowances while Ninth project marks yet another step forward in OJT’s
still opting for detached houses. The result is a series ongoing Starter Home initiative, a promising new
of 11 structures—all but one is single-family—packed model for residential construction that’s as practical as
remarkably close together, making for a distinctly it is ambitious.
 235
top, left: cavu media

Top, Left: Aerial view of site from

southwest

Previous Spread: Path through complex, Top, Right: North façade of duplex at Above: Single-family units along site’s
looking west northwest corner of site northern edge
236

Restoration of the Rotunda at

the University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Va.
John G. Waite Associates

The centerpiece of Thomas

Jefferson’s Academical Village gets
a refresh for the 21st century.

photos by anna wesolowska

237
238

Rarely has the combined weight of history, technical building, as well as returning it, as much as possible,
risk, and public expectation been borne so lightly as to Jefferson’s original vision. From repointing the
by New York’s John G. Waite Associates (JGWA) in brick, to building an underground mechanical plant,
its restoration of the University of Virginia’s famed to putting in new marble columns, new moldings,
Rotunda—the centerpiece of its Charlottesville, Va., and a new roof, the designers have pulled off an act
campus. Designed by Thomas Jefferson and completed that almost amounts to an architectural resurrection,
in 1826, the building—formerly the university library, leaving the building sturdier and safer for future
and now an events and exhibition space and home generations of students and teachers. Future restorers
to a few much-envied classrooms—is a keystone of will be grateful as well, thanks to the team’s scrupulous
American design, and one of only three U.S. buildings documentation of their interventions.
to be named a UNESCO World Heritage site. It So careful were the restorers that their project
is a sophisticated, if flawed, piece of architectural ended up being in itself an act of archaeology, with
craftsmanship—it was the victim first of a fire in the 19th the construction process unearthing tools that have
century and then of a problematic renovation in the provided specialists with invaluable new insights
1970s. The use of slave labor for its original construction into the men who built the campus and the means
also makes it a lightning rod for controversy. they used. A few of these finds have even been
Following a thorough two-year research endeavor, exhibited inside the Rotunda itself, making the newly
JGWA embarked on a multi-pronged process that refurbished building a true testament—inside and out—
included strengthening, cleaning, and enhancing the to its own varied and complex history.
 239

Section A–A1

Dome-Room-Floor Plan

Section B–B1

11

A1

Ground-Floor Plan Second-Floor Plan

7

1 8

3
B 2 2 B1

4 5 6

10
A

Previous Spread: Renewed east

courtyard with ground-floor exhibition
space at center and classrooms at left

Opposite, Left : East courtyard during

1. Renovated offices 7. Restored stairs renovation and restoration
2. Newly designed courtyard 8. Restored terraces
3. Newly discovered 1820s chemical 9. New stairs Opposite, Right: Dome Room with new
hearth/exhibition space 10. New passenger elevator wooden capitals (replacing plaster),
4. New media/event room 11. New stair access to acoustic plaster ceiling (replacing
5. New classroom intermediate gallery n 1970s aluminum), and oculus based on
6. New service elevator and stair 0 20 40 Jefferson’s design
240

Hyundai Capital Convention Hall

Seoul, South Korea
Gensler

An events space for a Korean

automaker signals its commitment
to design innovation.

photos by nacasa & partners

241
242

Section A–A1 Floor Plan—Lecture Layout

1. Stage
2. Event space
3. Staging/prefunction
4. Deployed risers n
5. Screening/seminar room 0 10 20

Take one part James Turrell installation, two parts

1
science-fiction blockbuster, sprinkle with a dash of
glamour, and serve with copious technical aplomb—
this is the approximate recipe for Gensler’s Hyundai
Capital Convention Hall, an all-purpose events space
Floor Plan—Event Layout
inside the international automaker’s headquarters in

A
Seoul, South Korea. Located on the top floor of a large
corporate complex, the new interior immediately marks
a stirring break from Hyundai employees’ typical 3
workaday environment. The space’s walls and lofty
ceiling are entirely covered in an unearthly, luminous
white material, while a similar treatment, only more
lustrous, continues across the floor, giving the interior
almost the appearance of a top-secret laboratory.
Once the eyes adjust to the gleaming, white-
on-white interior, the space is revealed to be gently
sculpted, with the ceiling separated into individual
banded sections with lighting embedded between
them; the strips step higher as they move toward 2
the front of the room, forming something like a
proscenium that outlines a stage at the far end. With
a large bank of black risers (augmented by chairs for
larger functions) to the rear of the space, this theatrical
setup can be used for conventional presentations, but
also adapted to any event of the client’s choosing,
thanks to a retractable system that folds the riser
1
seating neatly away and into a black case against wall.
The same riser case hides a complex mechanical
suite as well as a secondary meeting room, making
A1

the Convention Hall an all-purpose venue for myriad

company functions—one that projects to visitors
and workers alike an image of Hyundai as a forward- Previous Spread: Stage (at left)
thinking innovator with a focus on high design.
That message is driven home through a subtle bit of Opposite, Top: Riser case and enclosed
branding, arguably the design’s most crafty feature, screening room as seen from stage
as the arches framing the space each make an H-like
shape reminiscent of the insignia seen on millions of Opposite, Bottom: Stage as seen from
hubcaps and grilles the world over. seating
243
244

Detroit East Riverfront Framework Plan

Detroit
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
 245

A master plan brings active public space

to Detroit’s waterfront and, in doing so,
reconnects downtown to the river. renderings courtesy skidmore, owings & merrill
mir
246

Site Plan

0 50 100

As Detroit strives to recover from years of rendered them more attractive as well as safer for foot
disinvestment and depopulation, one of the key traffic; landscaped corridors with ample bike lanes are
challenges has been to identify potential assets upon in the works as well, integrating the city’s recreational
which the city can capitalize in order to position itself and commercial spheres while providing healthy
once more as an economic and cultural hub. One such alternatives to automobile transit.
locus for rebirth is Motown’s long-neglected waterfront, For a city long synonymous with the motor vehicle,
and it is here that a team headed by Chicago office of the focus on walking and cycling may seem like a break
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) has stepped in from form—yet SOM’s approach has ensured that the
with a scheme to turn the former industrial zone into a changes currently underway were not merely imposed
standout urban amenity. upon Detroiters: Extensive dialogue with citizens
The Detroit East Riverfront Framework Plan from all walks of life preceded the primary planning
envisions a process unfolding over the next decade- stage, and has remained ongoing as implementation
plus, as ecological remediation efforts are carried out has marched forward. Moreover, the plan seems firmly
simultaneously with the construction and enhancement rooted in the city’s cultural and architectural identity,
of parks, tree-lined thoroughfares, and other armatures with targeted interventions that will spur development
stretching well beyond the river, connecting it with the around classic Detroit icons like the Renaissance
historic city core and nearby residential neighborhoods. Center and the Guardian Building, filling in the
Facets of the scheme have already been put into critically under-built urban fabric while preserving
place, with improvements to nearby streets that have the best of the city as it now stands.
 247

Previous Spread: Riverfront pedestrian

above, right: courtesy skidmore, owings & merrill

and bicycle path with seating and retail

top, left: mdp-iha; top, right, above, left: mir;

Top, Left: Riverfront pathway with

terraced seating

Top, Right: Streetscape with widened

pedestrian zones and seating

Above, Left: Activated streetscape with

sidewalk cafés

Above, Right: Bike lane integrated into

city street

Right: Landscaped path through park

near river
248

Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of

African American History and Culture
Washington, D.C.
Freelon Adjaye Bond/SmithGroup

A new museum brings complex

cultural and historic references to
the National Mall.

photos by brad feinknopf/otto

249
250

Mezzanine-Level Plan

Concourse-Level Plan

5
2
Walking at dusk down the National Mall in
Washington, D.C., in winter especially, one can
3
encounter a startling architectural mirage, appearing 4
for the all the world like a grid of flame. But there’s
nothing to fear: It’s only the sun striking the façade of
the National Museum of African American History and
Culture (NMAAHC)—the long-awaited Smithsonian
Institution affiliate showcasing art, artifacts, and
more dating back four centuries, from the arrival of
the first slaves, to the Civil War, to the Black Lives Concourse-Level-One Plan
Matter movement. As befits an institution dedicated
to collective culture and remembrance, the building
that houses these gems was created through a unique
collaborative endeavor, comprising London-based
1
Adjaye Associates; Research Triangle Park, N.C.–based
Freelon Group (now part of Perkins+Will); New
York–based Davis Brody Bond; and Detroit-based
SmithGroup. Having so many hands at work could Concourse-Level-Two Plan
have led to a diluted, impersonal design solution, yet
the final result here boasts an expressiveness that is
rare in a government-funded project.
This is due in large measure to the scrim that
gives the building its magic-hour effulgence: Made 1

of aluminum coated in a reflective polymer, the

disengaged screen is based on the decorative grilles
that adorn the houses of some African American
families in the south, and its external effect is no
less striking than the lacework shadows it casts in
the interior throughout the day. The screens rise Concourse-Level-Three Plan
in a triad of raked tiers to form a crown-like form—
inspired by, according to David Adjaye, HON. FAIA, a
piece of traditional African sculpture—while inside
a highly theatrical circulation system (characterized
1
by a sequence of escalators to the upper galleries
and concrete ramps descending to the lower ones)
and subdued finishes (especially in the downstairs
Contemplative Court) give the museum spaces a
decidedly contemporary feel. Mixing eras and cultures,
the building is more than the sum of its parts, and it is
a bold new addition to the capital’s monumental core.
 251

Roof Plan

11

Fifth-Floor Plan

10

Fourth-Floor Plan

Third-Floor Plan

Second-Floor Plan

1. History gallery Previous Spread: Façade panels and

Ground-Floor Plan
2. Contemplative court curtainwall as seen from fourth floor
3. Theater
4. Café Opposite: Exterior as seen from
5. Changing exhibition gallery southwest
6
6. Lobby/Heritage Hall
7. Interactive galleries Top: Elliptical spiral stair leading from
8. Community galleries lobby to concourse level below
9. Culture galleries
10. Administrative offices and support Above: History galleries on below-grade
11. Photovoltaic panels concourse levels
252

Design Office
Austin, Texas
Alterstudio Architecture

In the design for its new office,

Alterstudio balances a public façade
with quiet, open workspaces.

photos by casey dunn

253
254

Floor Plan

4 6

3 5

1. Entrance
2. Conference room
3. Open office
4. Pinup space
5. Kitchen
6. Storage n

7. Garden 0 10 20

Designers designing for themselves often push the Across the latter stretch are large window bays,
envelope in the direction of formal expression and spanning the entire length and height of the space
technical experiment. But for Alterstudio Architecture, and running beside a row of task tables, interrupted
creating a new office space in its hometown of Austin, only by more concrete piers and with a planted
Texas, afforded a different kind of opportunity: a landscape beyond, bringing in still more light
chance to show their capacity for restraint, quietude, and giving the desk workers something to look at.
and lyricism. The glass front (like the piers, part of the original
Located inside Cambridge Tower—a mid-1960s structure) enfolds the office at the far end nearest
landmark—the first-floor studio space does proper the entrance, becoming a connective tissue between
homage to its high-modernist setting, boasting a the two interior zones while also allowing the office
material palette of lightly grained wood fixtures and to address the visitor—creating a public face for this
floors alongside bare concrete columns. Even the otherwise very private office environment.
drop ceiling, a frequent staple of midcentury interiors, More than the sum of its parts, the design creates
is celebrated here, using fibrous acoustical panels with an effect especially evident from that first entry
an unusually thick, woolly tactility. That treatment encounter, in which all of its disparate elements, each
actually only covers one side of the space; the other articulated in its own materiality, appears to float in
side has more exposed concrete, and the change helps space like forms in an abstract collage. It’s a nod to
establish two distinct zones across the length of the the building’s International Style heritage that also
office—one hushed and intimate, the other airy and demonstrates Alterstudio’s own special variety of
luminous. spatial poetics.
 255

Previous Spread: Open office (at right) Above: Entrance detail, with view to
and kitchen (beyond bar at left) Opposite: West façade kitchen bar beyond
256

Arlington Elementary School

Tacoma, Wash.
Mahlum Architects
 257

A new elementary school trades

dedicated classrooms for flexible
learning environments. photos by benjamin benschneider
258

At the heart of Seattle-based Mahlum Architects’ Floor Plan

Arlington Elementary is a pedagogical provocation:
“What if a school had no classrooms?” As eccentric as
it sounds, the architect’s solution proves so effective as
to make one wonder why schools ever had classrooms
to begin with. In Tacoma, Wash.—as in school districts
around the country—graduation rates have been
declining at a worrisome rate. Looking to reverse 3 2
1

the trend, local officials were open to radical new

ideas, and the designers responded by casting out the 4
conventional gridiron of discrete learning spaces. 7
5 6
In its stead, they have created an entirely open
plan of movable partitions, unfixed furniture that can
be readily put aside and stored, and floating teaching
platforms that allow staff to drift from area to area as
the day progresses. Walls can be written on, a hallway/ 8
cubby zone doubles as a kind of mini-lounge, and even
the recreation spaces are adaptable, with an indoor/
outdoor playground separated from the surrounding
grounds by a perforated, operable metal door.
For all the novelty of the interior scheme, the
envelope is reassuringly close to the typological
norm: A long, low mass of brick and glass set off
with colorful doors and window frames, its only truly
unusual feature is a series of protruding sawtooth
skylights breaking through the roofline. Those, along
with the innovative program, signal the designers’
commitment to forging a unique conceptual hybrid— 1. Entrance
the silhouette hearkens back to industrial buildings 2. Community gathering space/dining
of the last century, while the open floor plan recalls 3. Library
the anti-cubicle tendency of Silicon Valley offices—as 4. Shared learning
though the school were positioning itself as a factory 5. Core learning
for learning and innovation. For a city (and a country) 6. Outdoor learning
looking to break out of a long-running educational rut, 7. Gymnasium/performance space n
the design represents a promising line of flight. 8. Outdoor play area 0 50 100
 259

Opposite, Left: Covered outdoor

play area
Previous Spread: South façade with
outdoor play area in foreground Opposite, Right: Library Above: Core learning area
260

St. Pius Chapel and Prayer Garden

New Orleans
Eskew+Dumez+Ripple

A small adoration chapel and garden

rendered in simple materials allow
for quiet contemplation.

photos by will crocker

261
262

Section A–A1

Floor Plan

A1
2

A
1

New Orleans–based Eskew+Dumez+Ripple free of ornament, the design nonetheless hews to

(EDR) has added a new dimension to modern customary Christian symbology with a cross-shaped
ecclesiastical architecture with its St. Pius Chapel window inscribed in the southeast-facing wall. That
and Prayer Garden, an intimate space for worship aperture is complemented by another thin, floor-to-
and contemplation in New Orleans’ Lakeshore/Lake ceiling window and an additional glazed clerestory,
Vista neighborhood. Mere steps (as the area’s name allowing sunshine to creep in from odd angles and
suggests) from Lake Pontchartrain, the existing church pervade the space with a numinous glow.
was designed by local architect James Lamantia in 1966, The deft handling of light is further accentuated
and is a reserved but accomplished modernist affair of by a processional order that has visitors enter by way
sloping angular roofs. Adapting this midcentury idiom of a low, 8-foot-tall foyer, which is wedged narrowly
to a more modest scale, EDR’s building is a small alongside a bathroom and service closet, before
volume at only 571 square feet, and is situated directly proceeding into the square-planned, 18-foot-tall main
beside the main structure, its jagged silhouette making chapel—a shift from the dark and confined into the
it appear like a small shard chipped from its larger lofty and radiant, intimating the transition from
neighbor. the secular to the sacred realm. Rich in metaphor,
Its greatest appeal becomes evident within: At less deferential in context, EDR’s chapel is also a shared
than 600 square feet, the space is as intimate as any space for a community very much in need of one,
apsidal chapel in an old European cathedral, but its making the case for a religious architecture that
layered materiality of wood fixtures, white walls, and reclaims the word “religion” in its original sense,
stone floors gives it a crisp contemporaneity. Entirely meaning “to bind together.”
 263

1. Entrance
2. Chapel Above, Left: Altar, with wooden cabinet
3. Bathroom Previous Spread: Chapel interior concealing tabernacle at right
4. Mechanical
5. Prayer Garden n Opposite: Exterior from southwest, Above, Right: Wooden screen at
0 5 10 showing entrance entrance
264

Shelby Farms Park

Memphis, Tenn.
James Corner Field Operations with Marlon Blackwell Architects
 265

A large-scale park brings programmed

public space to Memphis while connecting
residents to nature. photos by timothy hursley
266

Two outstanding design practices—one specialized in Unified Park Diagram

landscape and the other in architecture—have come
together to produce a new public space of exceptional
ambition and ingenuity. Located just east of Memphis,
Tenn., Shelby Farms Park is the work of New York’s
James Corner Field Operations (JCFO). At work on
the project for nearly a decade, the firm tackled a truly
mammoth site: about 4,500 acres total on both sides of
the Wolf River.
Once a work farm for state prison convicts, the
sprawling campus was first divided by the designers
into manageable chunks, with a central swath—while
still vast, at 275 acres, it’s only about 5.5 percent of the
New Tree Planting Diagram
whole—earmarked for the first phase of redevelopment
spearheaded by Shelby Farms Park Conservancy to
bring public space to the area. JCFO paired with
Fayetteville, Ark.’s Marlon Blackwell Architects (MBA)
for this initial segment: Featuring a half-dozen new
buildings from MBA, the area now plays host to
structures for eating, meeting, and entertainment. It
serves as an activation zone for the park as a whole,
funneling visitors to the center and then channeling
them out again to the extremities.
To help draw people in to circulate around and
throughout the environment, JCFO (which also
conceived the overall master plan) has fashioned
Multiple Landscape Diagram
miles of gently undulating paths, which wind past
lushly planted fields and alongside the banks of a
newly expanded lake—even crossing the water at one
narrow inlet via a scenic wooden footbridge. Scattered
throughout this idyllic setting, additional facilities—
including a farmhouse, boathouses, bike rental, and
horse stables—provide still more ways to get close to
nature, as well as generate revenue for the park, which
will help keep up the momentum of its redevelopment
so that it can eventually realize its full potential.
 267

Site Plan 9 6 8 5 7 6 1 3 4

2
courtesy james corner field operations

Previous Spread: Aerial view from

west, with visitor center at center,
boathouse at right, and lakeside pavilion
at lower left

1. Visitor center 6. Lakeside pavilion Opposite: Boathouse

2. Forest walk 7. Water playground
3. Event stage 8. Kayak launch Above: Forest walk in bloom with
4. Restaurant 9. Boat launch n event stage at left and visitor center in
5. Boathouse 0 500 1,000 distance at right
268

Optimo Hat Co.

Chicago
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

An abandoned firehouse is
transformed into a fashionable
factory for men’s hats.

photos by tom rossiter

269
270

Ground-Floor Plan Second-Floor Plan

3
4

1. Entrance
2. Production floor
3. Sewing room
4. Surface finishing room
5. Office
6. Design studio
7. Kitchen n

8. Office retreat 0 10 20

Renowned for its large-scale commercial and employees room to think, meet, and experiment out
institutional projects and master plans—see the New of the public eye. As one might expect from a firm
U.S. Courthouse in Los Angeles (page 292) and the with SOM’s engineering pedigree, the entire scheme
Detroit East Riverfront Framework Plan (page 244)— is a wonder of mechanical organization, with all the
Skidmore Owings & Merrill (SOM) takes home a third implements and power systems of the hatmakers’ trade
award this year for an interior almost diametrically (steam for pressing the fabric, compressed air for
opposite in dimensions, purpose, and character. molding it, electrical tools for cutting) organized for
Chicago-based Optimo is a maker of traditional men’s optimal efficiency, as well as safety.
hats, manufactured the old-fashioned way on an What truly impresses, however, is the material
artisanal scale by a team of dedicated craftsman. Its splendor and spatial elegance in which all this action
new headquarters and factory, located in the South unfolds. It is a romantic environment of richly
Side neighborhood of Beverly, is in a long-abandoned patterned wood and exposed metal members with
firehouse, acquired essentially gratis from the city as a traces of the old building still visible, including the
bare shell with the requirement that it be rehabilitated. now-empty apertures for the fireman’s pole of old
The architects began by dividing up the program: which punch through every floor, creating peekaboo
On the ground floor, they placed the manufacturing portals between them. Intimate, nostalgic, and
and display functions, an eye-catching spectacle chic, the design could easily pass for the work of a
visible through the wide glass front through which small boutique interiors practice, rather than one
fire engines once passed; above, on the upper two of America’s best known and most venerable global
levels, private offices and a creative atelier afford the architecture firms.
 271

Top: Production floor

Previous Spread: Second-floor design Above: First-floor sewing room, with

studio, with view into office beyond Opposite: Historic south façade production floor beyond
272

Infra-Space Initiative
Boston
Landing Studio

An underhighway landscape
reclaims long-disused space,
and offers better water
management, for Bostonians.

photos courtesy landing studio

273
274

Section Showing Water Management

Throughout the United States, countless acres of into parkland by the famous Big Dig. Unlike that
urban, suburban, and even rural land are effectively grandiose engineering enterprise, which relocated the
cut off from public use—highway infrastructure, with highway underground, Landing Studio’s design takes
its diverse ribbons of overpasses and on-ramps, creates the tangle of ramps as a given, carving out a people-
marginal zones that could be made accessible to friendly space from the car-centric corridor using
pedestrians but are almost invariably left to languish. only the simplest of means, with plantings, paths, and
But in Massachusetts, a recently unveiled initiative is terraces threading through the site. The designers’
seeking to reclaim territory that cars have taken away: opportunistic approach found functionality in almost
Under the auspices of the Massachusetts Department every square foot, projecting lighting on the underside
of Transportation, the Infra-Space Initiative program of the elevated highway, turning storm drainage into
has undertaken a comprehensive study of the disused a rock-lined creek bed, and preserving (though not
fringes of the state’s freeway system. To prove the enlarging) an existing private parking facility to help
potential of these neglected peripheries, Somerville, fund the improvement. Unseen interventions—in
Mass.–based architecture practice Landing Studio particular an extensive soil remediation process—have
was engaged to reinvent one such underpass as a new helped to yield a manifestly visible result. With its
public space, dubbed Infra-Space 1, a viable park piers looming like vast tree trunks, and the ramps
environment reconnected to the adjacent urban fabric. curling into a sort of forest canopy overhead, the
Located in Boston’s South End, the pilot project Infra-Space 1 is an improbably attractive and even cozy
sits directly under a tangle of concrete of Interstate 93, oasis secreted away in the concrete jungle, a perfect
not far from the segment similarly transformed model for the program’s future efforts.
 275

Site Plan

1. Parking
2. Art installation
3. Basketball court
4. Seating area
5. Retention pond
6. Highway catchment area
1
5 7. Former underground pipe network
3
8. Surface-level stormwater treatment
4
landscape
9. River
2

0 40 80

Water Catchment Diagram

Previous Spread: Underhighway

walkways with view of art installation
in foreground and to landscaped
areas beyond

9
276

Noma 2.0
Copenhagen, Denmark
Bjarke Ingels Group and
Studio David Thulstrup

A new home for one of the world’s

top restaurants creates intimate
and varied dining experiences.

photos by rasmus hjortshøj

277
278

Floor Plan

3
1. Entrance 4. Dining
2. Service kitchen 5. Back of house n

3. Lounge 6. Greenhouse 0 20 40
1

Culinary adventurers everywhere know of Noma: The (the interiors of which were developed in collaboration
eatery in Copenhagen, Denmark, sports two Michelin with Copenhagen-based Studio David Thulstrup) is
stars, has garnered countless other awards, and is distinguished by its own ambiance, with floor plans,
regularly named the best restaurant in the world. So skylights, sliding doors, and picture windows all
when the establishment announced it was moving to a alternating in configuration and scale from room to
new home, it seemed only fitting that it would turn to room. Ceilings range from simple A-frame gables, to
celebrated Danish firm Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG)—a overlapping planks, to a ribbed sequence of beams that
fellow Scandinavian giant with a global reputation vary in angle and height to create a gratifying, upside-
for invention—to design it for them. The outcome is down topography.
a space that engages all the senses and abounds with Unifying this ever-shifting interior landscape is
visual and haptic delights that should pair perfectly a material palette of wood, brick, and glass, brought
with the restaurant’s classic-contemporary fare. together with a Nordic flare that feels both homey
Surrounded by water, and on the site of a and urbane, as well as an ingenious overall planning
former military installation in the neighborhood of scheme that allows the main kitchen to be visible from
Christiania, the new location is housed in a series of every dining area. The chefs, conversely, enjoy a view
pavilions backed up by an existing shed-like structure, outward that reaches every single seat in the restaurant,
which is partially colonized by back-of-house facilities ensuring an organic connection between staff and
and surrounded by an all-weather vegetable garden clientele that promises to make Noma’s new location as
housed in several greenhouses. Each of the new spaces much of a pilgrimage site as its old one.
 279

Top, Left: Greenhouse interior

Top, Right: Entrance

Previous Spread: Open service kitchen Opposite: Aerial view from east,
with sight lines into all dining areas with existing structure at rear Above: Lounge
280

Shirley Ryan AbilityLab

Chicago
HDR|Gensler, Clive Wilkinson Architects, and EGG Office

By combining patient care with

research, a lab helps adults and
children regain mobility.

photos by michael moran/otto

281
282

Previous Spread: Double-height adult Top: Exterior as seen from northwest

ability lab for rehabilitation
Bottom: Tenth-floor sky lobby

Can a place for healing also be a workshop for

innovation? At the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab in Chicago,
a unique team of designers has answered with an
emphatic “yes.” The facility is a bold new effort aimed
at simultaneously providing therapeutic services to
the severely disabled, while also serving as a research
center that brings together doctors, specialists, and
patient-care professionals to discover new solutions
and treatments that can be applied elsewhere. To make
real this hybrid program, a diverse cast of players
was brought on board—Omaha, Neb.’s HDR; the
Chicago office of Gensler; Culver City, Calif.’s Clive
Wilkinson Architects; and Los Angeles’ EGG Office—
each bringing its particular competency to bear on the
diverse clinical, medical, and human problems that the
space needs to address.
The last of these was the most essential: Flowing
and intricate in plan, and bright and colorful in
expression, the space lacks most of the typical
institutional trappings—the double-loaded corridors,
the spinach-green walls—of the healthcare industry,
and includes multiple features aimed at improving the
experience of all users. For workers, the plan fulfills
the lab’s double mandate by affording both secluded
“back stage” spaces for study and dialogue, as well
as exposed “front stage” spaces for monitoring and
interacting with patients. Patients, in turn, can enjoy
the swirling decorative schemes that run across the
walls and continue onto the ceilings, ensuring that
even those on gurneys and hospital beds can still
enjoy the view. Double-height windows look out onto
a lushly landscaped roof terrace or the city beyond—a
rare connection to an outside world from which the top: dan schwalm
chronically ill are so often made to feel cut off.
The design is the work of many hands, but
it displays a laudable unity nonetheless, and the
collaborative design process that engendered it seems
only suitable to the lab’s own collaboration-focused
approach to recovery and wellness.
 283

23rd-Floor Plan 24th-Floor Plan

14
15 15
14

16

13 13

10th-Floor Plan 18th-Floor Plan

6
8 5 12
11

10 7

13

Ground-Floor Plan

1. Lobby
2. Retail
3
1 3. Ambulance bay
4. Loading dock
5. Sky lobby
6. Nancy’s garden
7. Administration
8. Conference center
9. Chapel
10. Garden terrace

2 11. Pediatrics ability lab

4
12. Outpatient physician clinic
13. Patient rooms
14. Research
15. Adult ability lab n
16. Home therapy facility 0 20 40
284

Confluence Park
San Antonio
Lake|Flato Architects with Matsys

A park brings ecological education

and community engagement to the
edges of San Antonio’s riverfront.

photos by casey dunn

285
286

Site Section

0 10 20

Site Plan

For far too long, the southern reaches of the San

Antonio River have been overshadowed by the more
famous, and more intensely trafficked, stretch that
5
winds through the center city—the famed River
Walk created in the 1930s by the Works Progress
Administration. Now, finally, a project has taken
shape that should start luring some of those crowds 6
out of downtown and into the wilder, less-well-known 4
parts of the waterway: Confluence Park, at the point
where the San Antonio meets San Pedro Creek, is a
multipurpose public facility activated by a sequence
of remarkable structures, designed as a collaboration 2

between local firm Lake|Flato Architects and

Oakland, Calif.–based Matsys. 1

The team placed a series of arching concrete 3

forms—elongated hyperbolic paraboloids that the
designers liken to flower petals—on the site of a
former open-air storage lot. These shade structures
are complemented by a sparely and crisply articulated
low-rise education center, with classrooms and events
spaces that have proven in high demand since the
project’s completion.
Altogether, the scheme satisfies a challenging triple
brief, with stakeholders that included the adjacent
community (concerned, at first, that the park might
compromise their security), the conservators of the
river system (who wanted to attract attention to their
restoration efforts, without trampling on the delicate
ecosystem), and the rest of San Antonio (a city with
a diverse social fabric but a paucity of social spaces
outside the tourist-clogged core).
In the end, the designers succeeded in catering to
all constituencies: Their lofty, elegant, concrete stems
act as a portal to the 8-mile natural corridor that runs 1. Main pavilion
alongside the site, while the park as a whole furnishes 2. Education center
a much-needed amenity to a neighborhood previously 3. Live oak savannah
cut off by both freeways and the waterways themselves, 4. Grassland
which are now transformed from barriers into scenic 5. Ecosystem restoration n

fixtures accessible to all San Antonians. 6. Parking 0 50 100

 287

Above, Left: Main pavilion with

education center at rear

Previous Spread: Eastern-most entry Top, Right: Education center entrance

pavilion, with view southwest to main
pavilion structure beyond Bottom, Right: Classroom
288

Casey House
Toronto
Hariri Pontarini Architects
 289

This care facility for HIV- and AIDS-related

illnesses blends contemporary and historic
architecture in one program-filled package. photos by doublespace photography
290

Ground-Floor Plan

4 1 12 11
3 9
10

5
2 8
6

1. Entrance 7. Interactive space

2. Living room 8. Courtyard
3. Therapy room 9. Kitchen
4. Office 10. Dining
5. Meeting room 11. Crisis room n

6. Community kitchen 12. Assessment room 0 10 20

The problem of surface receives a bracingly new announce themselves as support spaces for staff and
and surprisingly poignant treatment in Toronto- patients. What makes the façade such a deft bit of
based Hariri Pontarini Architects’ (HPA) addition sleight-of-hand is in the easternmost wing, which
to Casey House, a special care facility for HIV- and effectively mediates between the ultra-contemporary
AIDS-related illnesses in the designers’ hometown. atrium and the 19th-century house by dint of its
Located in the city’s historic Upper Jarvis district, the blended materiality, with rustic slabs of ashlar and
building comprises three distinct parts: the renovated multihued brickwork shifting around strips of glass to
1875 William R. Johnston House, a stately Victorian create a perfect collage of new and old.
mansion (nicknamed “the Grey Lady” by locals), that But this clever instance of contextual double-
faces the main thoroughfare; a towering glass atrium, coding also encloses a deeper meaning—its patchwork
the first component of the HPA intervention, to the aesthetic is a subtle reference to the famed AIDS
rear; and another extension still further to the east Memorial Quilt, the massive collective art project that
along a side street, this one clad in alternating swatches tells the story of the epidemic and its victims through
of brick, stone, and glass. 54 tons of fabric. Symbolic significance lies in the
The hierarchy between these three elements is building’s plan as well, with the addition enfolding
remarkably legible: The central volume, the tallest and the original house in a literal “embrace,” its north
most transparent of the three, clearly establishes itself and south wings reaching out to the Grey Lady and
as the main point of entry and public space, while the forming an inner courtyard that gives all the patient
flanking structures in their subdued masonry cladding rooms a glimpse of green.
 291

Previous Spread: North façade, with

entry at middle

Above Left: Living room, looking south

Above Right: Historic interior, with stair

leading to patient rooms and view into
dining area beyond

Right: Courtyard, looking east

292

New United States Courthouse

Los Angeles
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

Los Angeles’ new federal courthouse

signals values of lightness and transparency
for the American justice system.

photos by bruce damonte

293
david lena
294

There is new kind of public architecture in America,

and it’s exemplified by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
(SOM)’s New United States Courthouse in downtown
Los Angeles. With its judicial projects in particular, the
U.S. General Services Administration (GSA), which
is responsible for most major federal construction
projects, has put renewed emphasis on high design,
with a set of aesthetic preferences that SOM—long a
standard-bearer for modernist clarity and refinement—
was especially well-poised to deliver on. In place of the
heavy, masonry-bound courthouses of old, the GSA
has sought a lighter, brighter look, but one that still
projects an air of dignity and gravitas.
In LA, SOM came through with an interior that
met that standard and then some—a municipal facility
with a forthrightly civic expression that feels more like
a public plaza than a bureaucratic building. Arranging
two dozen courtrooms (as well as judges’ chambers
and other support spaces) around a central atrium,
the designers created an entry-level rez-de-chaussée
that flows directly through the site under nine levels
of dramatically crisscrossing concourses. All of this is
topped off by a jagged glass roof that allows natural
light to permeate the whole structure, illuminating
even the enclosed rooms by way of glazed ceiling-level
apertures. Giving the building its signature spiky
crown, the roof system also helps mitigate glare from
the Southern California sun, and works in tandem
with similarly pleated vertical windows and invisible
mechanical systems on every floor to reduce the
building’s energy consumption by nearly half. Previous Spread: Central atrium, looking west
Most important, perhaps, for the people who must
use the building, is its subdued, organic atmosphere, Top, Left: Pleated façade, as seen from the east
which begins in the stone-lined lobby and carries
through to every wood- and marble-lined courtroom, Top, Right: Lobby
conjuring an image of a justice system in which the
emphasis is less on system and more on justice. Above: Courtroom interior
 295

Section A–A1 Section B–B1

Ground-Floor Plan Typical-Floor Plan

B

4 7

A 5 3 1 A1 3

7
6
B1

1. Entry
2. Garden
3. Atrium
4. Café
5. Terrace
6. Jury assembly room n
7. Courtroom 0 50 100
296

Pike Place MarketFront

Seattle
The Miller Hull Partnership

A new mixed-use complex

connects Seattle’s Pike Place
with adjacent Elliott Bay.

photos by lara swimmer

297
298

Every great city deserves a great marketplace: nearby Elliott Bay waterfront, which has been long cut
Barcelona has its public Boqueria, Tokyo its Tsukiji off from the city proper by the Alaskan Way Viaduct,
fish mart, and Seattle has Pike Place, a 20-odd block a large elevated auto route that closed this year and is
agglomeration of food and beverage vendors including presently undergoing demolition.
seafood mongers, produce hawkers, and coffee dealers. Just to the east of the defunct freeway, the
(Most notably, it’s the flagship location of a certain complex straddles a steep grade, level with Pike Place
coffee brand with a green mermaid logo.) Teaming up on its upper tier and then descending toward the
with a host of engineers and consultants, local practice shore via a sequence of outdoor and indoor ramps
the Miller Hull Partnership has fashioned a new and staircases. As visitors tramp downward, they
armature to serve the market district while increasing pass dozens of new stalls and other public amenities,
its accessibility to Seattleites and tourists alike. including open terraces with sweeping views of the
On a long narrow wedge of a lot in the dead center mountain-ringed bay. Not content just to reconnect
of the market district, the new Pike Place MarketFront the celebrated neighborhood with its western
is a kind of neighborhood-within-the-neighborhood, perimeter, the Miller Hull Partnership has succeeded
a multi-use hub that features commercial facilities, in reshaping the very character of Pike Place by
navid baraty

public space, and even housing within a single adding affordable housing to the terraced complex
rambling structure of steel and concrete. The primary aimed at older residents, ensuring that the city’s
urbanistic objective of the facility is to mediate best-known retail zone will also be a diverse 24-hour
between the bustling shopping corridor and the community—a place not just to shop but to live.
 299

Section A–A1

0 20 40

Waterfront-Level Plan
A

2
5 3

4
A1

1. Producer’s hall
2. Senior housing lobby
Opposite: View to northwest with 3. Neighborhood center
Previous Spread: Producer’s hall market front plaza above producer’s 4. Senior housing n

interior, looking northwest hall at left and vendor pavilion at right 5. Park 0 40 80
300

Studio Dental II
San Francisco
Montalba Architects

A new storefront for a forward-

thinking dental practice provides a
spa-like atmosphere for oral health.

photos by kevin scott

301
302

Discussion of San Francisco’s rapid gentrification over the door that is composed of slanted panels with
the last two decades usually revolves around high-tech fluorescent bulbs tucked beneath them. Entering the
innovation, but Studio Dental proves that the culture space, visitors find a modest foyer trimmed with a
of disruption can also be applied to oral health. To miniature rock garden along the street-facing side;
start, the company eliminated excuses for not going patients are then conducted along a stone-floored
to the dentist by debuting a mobile clinic that can passage past built-in stone benches—one of them
bring on-demand dental services to your office door. running clear into the heart of the office—marked off
Now Studio Dental can also provide more regularized from the corridor by slender wooden slats and backed
care for denizens of the city’s Twitter-anchored Mid- up by additional concealed lighting that enhances the
Market district, courtesy of a new permanent storefront space’s Zen-like tranquility. Exam rooms are discreetly
designed by Santa Monica, Calif.– and Lausanne, tucked away inside wood-lined compartments,
Switzerland–based Montalba Architects. suggestive of a luxury day spa, while the warren-like
Taking the client out of a truck and putting them plan is lent a beguiling amplitude by way of mirrors
into a Corinthian-columned Beaux-Arts beauty, the that make the narrow hallways seem to go on forever.
designers have nonetheless succeeded in creating The client’s enterprising mission and Montalba
an interior that seems a far cry from the drear and Architects’ tasteful reserve have come together to create
formality of the archetypical dentist’s office: Through a valuable local amenity—one that doesn’t sacrifice
the restored glass-fronted façade, passersby see a style for service, but that brings both together to form
gleaming white screen standing just a few feet beyond an unusually harmonious synthesis.
 303

Floor Plan

2
4 3

5 1

Previous Spread: Light wall in lobby,

as seen through historic façade

Opposite: Wood-lined hallway flanked

by exam rooms

1. Entrance 4. Bathroom Above, Left : Lobby

2. Waiting 5. Operating room n

3. Reception 6. Equipment lab 0 5 10 Above, Right: Exam room

304

Apple Store, Upper East Side

New York
Bohlin Cywinski Jackson

A historic bank building in

Manhattan accommodates a
high-tech retail showcase.

photos by peter aaron/otto

305
306

Lower-Level Plan Ground-Floor Plan Section A-A1

A
4

1
2

A1

1. Entrance
2. Retail
3. Accessories retail n

4. Presentation space 0 10 20

Griping about new architecture in New York is a what with its near-ceiling-height windows and column-
beloved local pastime, but in the last decade one free floor spanning nearly half a block. The architects
company—and one design firm—have given citizens set about restoring the elaborate ornamental scheme,
little reason to complain: Apple’s string of gem-like devoting intense research to Chapman’s work and to
spaces, all crafted by Bohlin Cywinski Jackson (BCJ) the period in order to craft faithful re-creations of long-
of Wilkes-Barre, Pa. The tech company’s new location lost features. In the basement, while the century-old
on the Upper East Side builds on the successful partitions were cleared, the vault door was preserved,
formula from previous efforts, winning over hard- maintaining a little historical flair while giving buyers
hearted Gothamites by giving them not just a glassy the feeling of pulling off a heist.
piece of contemporary design, but a new way to see a Not just a sensitive restoration, BCJ’s design is
historic building—in this case the unjustly overlooked very much of the 21st century, with a subtle handling
U.S. Mortgage and Trust Co. building. of such technical elements as lighting, HVAC, and
Originally the work of architect Henry Otis retail fixtures that allows the space to come alive with
Chapman, the two-story masonry structure on Madison activity without disturbing its Beaux-Arts grandeur.
Avenue is a 1920s take on late-18th-century French Fresh and luminous, the architect capitalizes on the
Neo-Classicism, replete inside and out with moldings, visual identity of the brand-name client to create an
and capitals, and other decorative details. In addition interior that feels pitch perfect, and that gives New
to these surface effects, the ground level (once the main York back yet another architectural treasure it had
banking concourse) had immense spatial potential, previously thought lost.
 307

Previous Spread: Ground-floor retail

showroom

Above: Lower-level accessories retail

Left: Historic east façade

308

Trumpf Smart Factory Chicago

Hoffman Estates, Ill.
Barkow Leibinger Architekten
 309

An industrial showcase outside

Chicago marries high design with
precision manufacturing. photos by simon menges
310

Section A–A1

0 20 40

Second-Floor Plan

Trumpf is one of the most trusted names in the

construction business, a German manufacturer of
precision machine tools with a good reputation that
spans the globe. For its new facility outside Chicago, 10
the company turned to another German outfit known 9

for innovative material and fabrication techniques: 7

long-time collaborator Berlin-based Barkow Leibinger
Architekten (BLA). (Partner Regine Leibinger is a
part-owner of Trumpf—her late father headed the
company.) Together, the two companies have created Mezzanine Plan
an industrial showpiece unlike any other in the U.S.
The new Trumpf Smart Factory sits about 20
minutes from O’Hare International Airport on
a somewhat unpromising stretch of interstate:
Surrounded by big-box locations and corporate
campuses, the building sits on part of a former AT&T
office park—a relative advantage site-wise as the
landscaping includes a scenic natural water feature. 7
Availing itself of the immediate surroundings,
8
while keeping in view the no-nonsense commercial
character of the brief, BLA created a building that’s
equal parts serene and hard-edged, earthy and
fastidious. Its two volumes—each square in plan and
meeting at a 90-degree angle—are clad in Cor-Ten steel
offset with touches of burnt wood and broad faces of
glass. The largest transparent façade is on the bigger Ground-Floor Plan
A

of the two volumes—the main showroom where clients

winging in to the area can see a suite of Trumpf’s latest 3
products in a light-suffused space, unencumbered by 7
columns thanks to a sweeping truss roof whose steel 4 5
members were shaped by Trumpf machinery.
After taking in the spectacle of the company’s
6
wares, visitors are ushered into meeting and conference 1
rooms in the adjoining structure, which are arrayed
around a central courtyard that complements other
social spaces including a rooftop viewing platform. 2
Bristling with function and seductive in form, the
Smart Factory seems a perfect architectural counterpart n
to the tools that helped build it. 0 40 80
A1
 311
steve hall/hall + merrick photographers

1. Lobby 6. M/E/P room Top: North façade showing main entry

2. Machine showroom 7. Conference room Previous Spread: South façade, with plaza at center
3. Office 8. Control center view into machine showroom at night
4. Courtyard 9. Lounge Above: Open office looking onto central
5. Auditorium 10. Skywalk Opposite: Corrugated Cor-Ten cladding courtyard in eastern volume
312

Crosstown Concourse
Memphis, Tenn.
Looney Ricks Kiss in association
with Dialog

A massive Sears warehouse gains

new life as a mixed-use hub,
organized around light-filled atria.

photos by nick mcginn

313
314

Sears was once the nation’s largest department store this was made possible through LRK and Dialog’s
chain, and its decline in recent decades has left the inventive scheme: Reimagining the building as what
American landscape littered with massive retail they refer to as a “vertical village,” the designers
and storage structures, some of them outstanding inserted a sequence of three atria that open up the vast
specimens of bygone architectural styles. Such was the interior and break it down into apprehensible parts.
case with a 1.5 million-square-foot location in Memphis, The apartments clustered around the westernmost
Tenn., which was recently transformed by hometown shaft, and the floor-to-floor sight lines across atria on
firm Looney Ricks Kiss (LRK)—in association with the commercial levels create a sense of continuity and
Canadian firm Dialog—into Crosstown Concourse, a spectacle. In the central atrium, a 10-story-tall central
mixed-use complex that brings the long-neglected skylight arcs over a grand staircase whose landing
building up to date while keeping intact its nostalgic functions as a social theater—a communal space visible
Art Deco appeal. from all around the concourse.
After lying vacant for 20 years, the 1927 structure All of this has been achieved while preserving the
was initially seen as being of limited interest to spectacular patterned brick-and-stone of the original
prospective tenants, with only one company on tap to Sears (as well as an adjoining Googie-ish 1960s garage,
take up occupancy after the renovation. Within a year which was previously slated for demolition). And more
of completion, however, a dazzling array of end users than preserving it—at night, the illuminated interior
had arrived—among them a health center, a YMCA, a shines behind the vast grid of industrial windows,
high school, and a theater company, not to mention turning the hulking complex into a dazzling light box
a residential component comprising 300 units. All of and a beacon for a revitalized Memphis.
 315

5
7 1
2
2

Previous Spread: West atrium

Opposite: Exterior from southeast

1. Central atrium 5. West atrium
2. Retail 6. Medical clinic Above, Left : Central atrium
3. East atrium 5. Office n
4. Arts space 0 50 100 Above, Right: Residential hallway
316

Tirpitz Museum
Blåvand, Denmark
Bjarke Ingels Group

A regional museum with a diverse

mission disappears into the
protected landscape around it.

photos by rasmus hjortshøj

317
318

Never afraid of making a bold statement, into the sandy soil, the designers created a solemn
Copenhagen- and New York–based Bjarke Ingels yet scenic procession that has visitors descend into
Group (BIG) seems determined to prove itself equally the coastal dune itself, with the semi-buried museum
capable of poetic understatement with its design nestled into it like a piece of the topography (or, even
for the Tirpitz Museum on the Danish coast. The more appropriately, like a defensive earthwork). Cross-
context certainly demands a light touch: During like in plan, the cuts meet in a central plaza with the
WWII, the German war machine constructed a vast exhibition areas surrounding it, the separate volumes
system of defenses along the northern European making up an improbable subterranean village.
seaboard—mostly concrete pillboxes. The museum, Side-stepping a common hazard of underground
which is partially dedicated to exploring the Nazi architecture, the glazed flanks of the four structures
occupation of Denmark, is located both adjacent allow for a surprising amount of natural light inside.
to and inside one of those empty bunkers. Separate Any sense of claustrophobia is completely dispelled
accommodations had to be incorporated for displays by a spatial flow that carries museum-goers through
on local history, an extensive collection of amber, and the rooms, via another buried passage, and up into
a rotating exhibition space. And to further complicate the decades-old concrete blockhouse. Robustly
the already complex brief, the site is located within a contemporary when seen from below, yet barely visible
major ecological park, making the museum a de facto from surface level, the Tirpitz Museum leaves the
interpretive center for the preserve. landscape almost untouched, becoming a living part
BIG’s solution manages to answer all points of its environment—showing just how much BIG can
through a kind of archaeological maneuver—slicing really do with almost nothing.
 319

Section A–A1

Section B–B1

Exhibit-Level Plan Entry-Level Plan

B1

6
2
2 5

1 2 4
A1 A

3
B

1. Central room
2. Gallery Top: Lower-level gallery
3. Bunker Previous Spread: Courtyard on upper,
4. Courtyard entry level Above: Stair from entry level to central
5. Entrance n room on lower, exhibit level, with view to
6. Ticketing/retail 0 40 80 Opposite: Aerial view from south gallery beyond
320

University of Virginia (UVa) . David J.

Neuman, faia, Alice J. Raucher, aia,
(architects for the university), Brian
The 2019 Hogg (senior historic preservation
planner); Facilities Planning and
AIA Institute Honor Awards Construction, Facilities Management,
UVa . Donald E. Sundgren (associate
vice president and chief facilities
officer), Jody Lahendro, faia
(supervisory historic preservation
architect), Stephen Ratliff (supervisory
senior construction administration
manager), James Zehmer, Sarita
Herman (historic preservation project
managers), Mark Kutney (architectural
conservator)
Architect/Interior Designer: John G.
Waite Associates, Architects, New
Architecture Jury York, and Albany, N.Y. . John G. Waite,
Jeanne Chen, aia, Moore Ruble Yudell Architects & Planners (chair) faia (senior principal); Clay S. Palazzo,
Rania Alomar, aia, RA-DA aia (principal-in-charge); Matthew K.
Alicia Berg, University of Chicago Scheidt, aia (project manager); William
Raymond M. Bowman, assoc. aia Brandow, Shannon Brown, aia, Douglas
Katherine K. Chia, faia, Desai Chia Architecture Bucher, Stephanie Campbell, Chelle
Shannon R. Christensen, aia, CTA Architects Engineers Jenkins, Jessica Lankston, aia, Meghan
Eugene C. Dunwody Jr., aia, Dunwody/Beeland Architects Lauver, Amanda Lewkowicz, Aaron
Henry Moss, aia, Bruner/Cott & Associates Opalka, Katherine Onufer, aia, Matson
David Rosa-Rivera, Savannah College of Art and Design Roberts, Edward Sehl, Amanda Villela,
David Weirick, aia (project team)
Interior Architecture Jury Acoustician: Cerami & Associates
Candid Rogers, faia, Candid Rogers Architect (chair) Archaeologist: Rivanna Archaeological
Cornell Anderson, aia, Fieldwork Design & Architecture Services
Caitlin Daley, aia, Buell Kratzer Powell Architectural Historian: Mount Ida
William T. Eberhard, aia, Eberhard Architects Press
Peter MacKeith, assoc. aia, University of Arkansas, Fay Jones School of Architecture Civil Engineer: Dewberry
Cost Estimator: Nasco Construction
Regional & Urban Design Jury Services
Lance Hosey, faia, Gensler (chair) Elevator Consultant: Van Deusen &
Jonah Cohen, faia, Hacker Associates
Jeffrey Huber, aia, Brooks + Scarpa Architects Exhibit Design: Riggs Ward Design
Marcel Quimby, faia, Gensler Fire Protection/Building Code
Claudia Herasme, New York City Department of City Planning Consultant: Jensen Hughes
Furnishings Consultant: Glavé &
Holmes Architecture
Geotechnical Engineer: Froehling &
Robertson
Land Surveyor: Lincoln Surveying
Landscape Architect: Olin
Lighting Design: Available Light
Masonry Conservation Consultant:
Frances Gale
M/E/P/FP Engineer: Kohler Ronan
Metal Conservation Consultant:
Andrew Lins
Starter Home* No. 4-15, Saint General Contractor: Edifice Builders Plaster Conservation Consultant:
Thomas & Ninth, page 232 Landscape Architect: Spackman Conservation Solutions
Mossop Michaels Structural Engineer: 1200 Architectural
Project: Starter Home* No. 4-15, Saint Engineers; Robert Silman Associates
Size: 12,800 square feet (site); units
Thomas & Ninth, New Orleans Construction Manager: Whiting-Turner
range from 919 square feet to 1,538
Client: St. Thomas Contracting Co.
square feet
Development Partners: Jonathan Clock Restoration Consultant: Bob
Cost: $2.5 million
Tate (OJT); Charles Rutledge, Pierre Desrochers
Stouse (Edifice Builders) Electrician: IES Commercial & Industrial
Restoration of the Rotunda at
Architect: Office of Jonathan Tate Lighting Restoration: Crenshaw
the University of Virginia,
(OJT), New Orleans . Jonathan Tate, Lighting
page 236
Lauren Hickman, Sabeen Hasan, Rob Mechanical Contractor: Riddleberger
Baddour, Jess O’Dell (design Team) Project: The Rotunda at the University Brothers
Structural Engineer: Walter Zehner & of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Plaster Conservation: John Canning
Associates Client: Office of the Architect, & Co.
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322

Plasterer: Interior Specialty Smithsonian Institution, National Design Office, page 252 Shelby Farms Park, page 264
Construction Museum of African American
Project: Design Office, Austin, Texas Project: Shelby Farms Park,
Roofing: W.A. Lynch Roofing Co. History and Culture, page 248
Client: Alterstudio Architecture Memphis, Tenn.
Sheet Metal Restoration: American
Project: Smithsonian Institution, Architect/Interior Designer: Alterstudio Client: Shelby Farms Park Conservancy
Stripping Co.
National Museum of African American Architecture, Austin . Kevin Alter, Prime Firm/Master Planner/Landscape
Stone Installation: Rugo Stone
History and Culture, Washington, D.C. Ernesto Cragnolino, faia, Tim Whitehill Architect/Urban Designer/Public
Stone Sculpture Studio: Pedrini Mario
Client: Smithsonian Institution (partners) Engagement/Project Manager: James
& Co.
Architecture and Interior Design: General Contractor: Risinger & Co. Corner Field Operations, New York .
Window and Masonry Restoration:
Freelon Adjaye Bond/SmithGroup, Size: 1,500 square feet James Corner, Richard Kennedy,
Centennial Preservation Group
Durham, N.C., London, Washington, Cost: Withheld Tsutomu Bessho, Megan Born, Kim
Wood Carving and Capital Fabrication:
D.C., and Washington, D.C. . Cooper, Sanjukta Sen, Baewon Suh,
Tektonics Design Group
Philip Freelon, faia (The Freelon Group, Doug Meehan, Donghyouk Ahn
Size: 35,805 square feet Arlington Elementary School,
now part of Perkins+Will, lead architect) (project team)
Cost: $50 million page 256
Zena Howard, faia (The Freelon Architect: Marlon Blackwell Architects,
Group, now part of Perkins+Will, Project: Arlington Elementary School, Fayetteville, Ark. . Marlon Blackwell, faia,
Hyundai Capital Convention Hall,
senior project manager); David Adjaye, Tacoma, Wash. Meryati Johari Blackwell, aia, Jonathan
page 240
hon. faia (Adjaye Associates, lead Client: Tacoma Public Schools Boelkins, aia, David Jaehning, aia,
Project: Hyundai Capital Convention designer); Rob Anderson (Davis Brody Architect: Mahlum Architects . Kertis Weatherby, aia, William Burks,
Hall, Seoul, South Korea Bond, architecture); Hal Davis, faia David Mount, aia (principal-in-charge); Stephen Reyenga, Justin Hershberger,
Client: Hyundai Capital (SmithGroup, architecture) (project leads) JoAnn Hindmarsh Wilcox, aia (project aia, Bradford Payne, aia, Stephen Kesel,
Architect/Interior Designer: Gensler, Architect of Record: The Freelon Group designer); Corrie Rosen, aia (project aia, Spencer Curtis, assoc. aia (project
Los Angeles . Philippe Paré, aia (now part of Perkins+Will) manager); Karen Wood, aia (project team)
(principal and design director); Contractor: Clark/Smoot/Russell, Interior Designer: Marlon Blackwell
architect); Royce Bixby, aia, Laura
Mirko Wanders, aia (associate and a Joint Venture Architects; Semple Brown (restaurant
Poulin, aia (architectural staff);
senior designer); Joanne Chan (job Exhibit Design: Ralph Appelbaum and café design)
Dwayne Epp, aia (quality assurance)
captain); Tina Rothermund, aia (project Associates Civil/M/E/P/Structural Engineer (Site):
Interior Designer: Mahlum Architects
architect); Amy Pokawatana, Marissa Exhibit Fabrication: Design and Pickering Firm
M/P Engineer: Metrix Engineers
Tan-Gatue (project managers); Shawn Production M/P Engineer (Buildings): Halton
Structural Engineer: Coughlin Porter
Shin, Julia Park, Fernando Flores, Shun Lighting: Fisher Marantz Stone Engineering
Lundeen
Nagasaka (project staff) Food Service: Hopkins Foodservice Electrical (Buildings): Canup
Electrical Engineer: BCE Engineers
Lighting Designer: Kaplan Gehring Specialists Engineering
Landscape Architect/Civil Engineer:
McCarroll Architectural Landscape: Gustafson Guthrie Nichol Structural Engineer (Buildings):
AHBL
Acoustician: Veneklasen & Associates Acoustician: Shen Milsom & Wilke Engineering Consultants; Guy
Geotechnical Engineer: Migizi Group
Size: 6,250 square feet Sustainability Consultant: Rocky Nordenson & Associates
Construction Manager: Greene
Cost: Withheld Mountain Institute Local Landscape Architecture: JPA
Gasaway Architects
M/E/P/FP Engineer: WSP Flack + Kurtz Ecologists/Water Quality Engineers:
General Contractor: Neeley
Detroit East Riverfront Framework Structural Engineer: Robert Silman FTN Associates
Construction
Plan, page 244 Associates; Guy Nordenson and Water Feature Engineer: Fluidity Design
Cost Estimator: The Robinson Co.
Associates Consultants
Project: Detroit East Riverfront Food Service: Halliday Associates
Geotechnical and Environmental Irrigation Consultant: Northern Designs
Framework Plan, Detroit Acoustical: A3 Acoustics
Engineer: Froehling & Robertson Cost Estimating: Faithful+Gould
Client: Detroit Riverfront Conservancy Hardware Consultant: Adams
Civil Engineer: Rummel Klepper & Kahl Lighting Design: Renfro Design Group
Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Consulting Group
Traffic Studies: Gorove-Slade Furnishings: Fleming Architects
Merrill, Chicago . Philip J. Enquist, faia Size: 54,000 square feet
Associates General Contractor: Montgomery Martin
(Chicago consulting partner); Douglas Cost: $27 million (total project cost)
Surveying/Subsurface Utility Contractors
J. Voigt, aia (urban design & planning Investigation: A. Morton Thomas & Size: 275 acres (Heart of the Park); 34,978
partner); Aaron May (project manager); Associates St. Pius Chapel and Prayer square feet (total buildings)
Dawveed Scully, assoc. aia (senior Tier II: AECOM Garden, page 260 Cost: $52 million (Heart of the Park);
urban designer); Rachel Momenee Security: Arup $8.35 million (total buildings)
(senior urban designer and architectural Specifications: Construction Project: St. Pius Chapel and Prayer
professional) Specifications Garden, New Orleans
Optimo Hat Co., page 268
Civil Engineer: Giffels Webster Retail Design: Doyle & Associates Client: Archdiocese of New Orleans
Landscape Architect: Michel Desvigne Hardware: Erbschloe Consulting Architect: Eskew+Dumez+Ripple, Project: Optimo Hat Co., Chicago
Paysagiste; Inessa Hansch Architecte Services New Orleans . Mark Ripple, faia Client: Optimo Hat Co.
Consultant: McIntosh Poris Cost Estimating: Faithful+Gould (principal); Christian Rodriguez, aia Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill,
Architecture Theaters/Multimedia Performance (project architect); Robert Kleinpeter, Chicago . Brian Lee, faia (design
Economics and Development Advisory Space Design: Fisher Dachs Associates Lynn Ostenson, Aseem Deshpande, aia partner); Daniel Bell (senior technical
Consultant: HR&A Advisors Vertical Transportation: Lerch Bates (project team) designer); Dennis Milam, aia (technical
Community Facilitation Consultant: Wayfinding: Poulin+Morris Mechanical/Electrical Engineer: designer); Dickson Whitney III, aia
E. Austell Associates Historic Resource Protection: Robinson Mazzetti (project manager)
Transportation Planning Consultant: & Associates Structural/Civil Engineer: Robert Interior Designer: Skidmore, Owings &
Giffels Webster Life Safety Code Consultant: Rolf Jensen Bouchon Consulting Engineer Merrill, Chicago . Jaime Velez (director
Historic Assets Evaluation Consultant: & Associates (now Jensen Hughes) Geotechncial Engineer: Gillen of interior design); Jeremy Bouck (senior
Kraemer Design Group Façade Consultant: Heintges Engineering interior designer); Michelle Mirrielees
Environmental Assessment/Local Consulting Architects & Engineers General Contractor: Voelkel McWilliams (materials specialist)
Incentives and Tax Mechanisms: AKT Threat Protection/Blast: Weidlinger Construction Mechanical Engineer: Rebecca Delaney
Peerless Environmental Services Associates (now Thornton Tomasetti) Size: 571 square feet (chapel); 1,258 (team leader)
Size: 480 acres Size: 397,000 square feet (total floor area) square feet (including prayer garden) General Contractor: Helios
Cost: Withheld Cost: $397 million Cost: $458,000 (including site work) Construction
324

Creative Consultant to Optimo: Richard Ramstrand, Aleksander Wadas, Andreas Gibson (Gensler, design director, Casey House, page 288
F. Tomlinson II Mullertz, Angelos Siampakoulis, Manon principal); Carlos Martínez, aia, Lena
Project: Casey House, Toronto
Project and Process Management: Otto, Carlos Soriah (project team) Kitson (Gensler, principals); Lindsey
Client: Casey House
Cotter Consulting Interior Designer: Studio David Feola (Gensler, architect); Rachel Sears
Architect: Hariri Pontarini Architects,
Record Collection: Edward Steed Thulstrup (Gensler, interior designer); Daniel
Krause (Gensler, regional resource Toronto . Siamak Hariri, (partner-in-
Radiant Heating Consultant: GRYF- Electrical Engineer: Helden
librarian); Clive Wilkinson, faia (Clive charge); Jeff Strauss, Edward Joseph,
Radiant Floor Heating Systems Ventilation/Water/Plumbing Engineer:
LuVa Consult Wilkinson Architects, president and Michael Boxer, Howard Wong, Cara
Project/Design Assistance: Bureau of
Construction Engineer: BIG design director); Chester Nielsen, aia Kedzior, Rico Law, Andria Fong, John
Architecture and Design
Engineering (Clive Wilkinson Architects, project Cook (project team)
LEED Certification Specialist: Joseph
Wind Consultant: BIG Ideas director); Amber Wernick (Clive Interior Designer: Hariri Pontarini
Clair
Landscape Architect Consultant: Thing Wilkinson Architects, associate, and Architects; IBI Group
Demo/Maintenance/White Glove
Brandt Landskab interior designer); Humberto Arreola, Structural Engineer: Entuitive
Detailing: Omar Navar
Lighting Consultant: Anker & Co. intl. assoc. aia (Clive Wilkinson M/E/P/Civil Engineer: WSP Global
John Lee Hooker Photograph: Paul
Listed Building Adviser: Elgaard Architects, associate and project Geotechnical Engineer: Coffey
Natkin
Architecture architect); Ben Kalenik, Jesse Madrid Construction Manager: BTY Group
Trim and Woodwork: Carpenter Corey
Site/Project Manager: NT Consulting (Clive Wilkinson Architects, project General Contractor: Bird Construction
Size: 7,770 square feet
Fire Consultant: COWI coordinators); Evan Bliss (Clive Landscape Architect: Mark Hartley
Cost: Withheld
Size: 1,290 square meters (13,885 square Wilkinson Architects, architectural Landscape Architects
feet) assistant I); Christian Daniels (EGG Lighting Designer: WSP Global
Infra-Space Initiative, page 272
Cost: Withheld Studio, principal); Kate Tews (EGG Heritage Consultant: ERA Architects
Project: Infra-Space Initiative, Boston Studio project director); Mary Kim Size: 59,000 square feet
Client: Massachusetts Department of Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Harmon (EGG Studio, design director); Cost: $40 million Canadian
Transportation (MassDOT), National page 280 Amy Owen (EGG Studio, (approximately $29.91 million)
Development (lessee) environmental design director);
Architect: Landing Studio, Boston . Project: Shirley Ryan AbilityLab,
Andrea Lee, Stephanie Wilson New United States Courthouse—
Marie Law Adams, aia, Daniel Adams, Chicago Los Angeles, page 292
(EGG Studio, graphic designers)
Alysoun Wright (project team) Client: Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
Mechanical Engineer: Environmental Project: New United States
Structural Engineer: BuroHappold Architect: HDR|Gensler, Omaha, Neb.,
Systems Design Courthouse—Los Angeles, Los Angeles
Engineering and Chicago, in association with Clive
Structural Engineer: Thornton Client: U.S. General Services
Electrical Engineer: RS&H Wilkinson Architects, Los Angeles .
Tomasetti Administration
Civil Engineer: Vanasse Hangen Brustlin Tom Trenolone, aia (HDR, design
Civil Engineer: V3 International Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill,
Geotechnical Engineer: Geocomp director); Jon Crane, faia (HDR, director
General Contractor: Power Los Angeles and San Francisco .
General Contractor: A.A. Will Corp. of translational health sciences);
Construction Gene Schnair, faia (managing partner);
Landscape Architect: Vanasse Hangen William DeRoin, aia (HDR, associate,
Program Manager: Arcadis Michael Mann, faia (managing director,
Brustlin project design architect); Michael
Life Safety: Jensen Hughes project manager); Craig Hartman, faia
Lighting Designer: Landing Studio McGinn (HDR, senior design architect);
Landscape Architect: HDR (design partner); Jose Palacios, aia,
Graphic Designer: Visual Dialogue Karl Lust, aia (HDR, senior project
Parking Garage Consultant: Desman Paul Danna, faia (design directors);
Size: 8 acres architect); Jeffrey Fahs (HDR, senior
Commissioning: Ecube Mark Sarkisian (structural partner);
Cost: $8.5 million landscape architect); Jennifer Bradley
Vibration/Acoustical Consultant: Shen Keith Boswell (technical partner);
(HDR, senior architectural project
Milsom & Wilke Susan Bartley, aia (project manager);
Noma 2.0, page 276 coordinator); Lance Thies (HDR, lead
Size: 1.2 million square feet Naomi Asai (senior design architect),
landscape architect); Clare Swanson,
Project: Noma 2.0, Copenhagen, Cost: $407 million (construction); Bita Salamat, aia (senior interior
aia (HDR, principal planner); Randy
Denmark $550 million (project cost) design architect); Garth Ramsey (senior
Niehaus (HDR, senior lighting designer
Client: Noma and electrical engineer); Abigail Clary technical coordinator); Eric Long (senior
Architect: Bjarke Ingels Group, Confluence Park, page 284 structural engineer); Andrew Krebs
(HDR, vice president and director,
Copenhagen, Denmark, and New York . health); Todd Eicken, aia (HDR, project Project: Confluence Park, San Antonio, (senior structural engineer); Steven
Bjarke Ingels, Finn Nørkjær (partners- principal/manager); Steve Weindel, Texas Zimmerman, aia (technical architect);
in-charge); Ole Elkjær-Larsen, Tobias aia (Gensler, managing director, office Client: San Antonio River Foundation Lonny Israel (graphic designer)
Hjortdal (project managers); Frederik buildings leader, principal); Brian Architect: Lake|Flato Architects, San Interior Designer: Skidmore, Owings
Lyng (project leader); Olga Litwa, Vitale, aia (Gensler, managing director, Antonio, and Matsys, Los Angeles . & Merrill
Lasse-Lyhne-Hansen, Athena Morella, principal); Linda Mysliwiec, aia (Gensler, Bob Harris, faia (Lake|Flato, partner); M/E Engineer: Syska Hennessy Group
Enea Michelesio, Jonas Aarsø Larsen, design manager, studio director); Tenna Florian, aia (Lake|Flato, Structural Engineer: Skidmore, Owings
Eskild Schack Pedersen, Claus Rytter Aleksandar Sasha Zeljic, aia (Gensler, associate partner); Sunnie Diaz, assoc. & Merrill
Bruun de Neergaard, Hessam Dadkhah, design director, principal); Scott aia (Lake|Flato, project designer); Plumbing Engineer: South Coast
Allen Dennis Shakir, Göcke Günbulut, Hurst (Gensler, design director); Chris Jordan Tsai (Lake|Flato, intern); Corey Engineering Group
Michael Kepke, Stefan Plugaru, Borko Grosse, aia (Gensler associate project Squire, aia (Lake|Flato, sustainability Civil Engineer: Psomas
Nikolic, Dag Præstegaard, Timo Harboe architect); Nila Leiserowitz (Gensler, manager); Andrew Kudless (Matsys, Geotechnical Engineer: Haley & Aldrich
Nielsen, Margarita Nutfulina, Nanna regional managing principal); Grant project team) Construction Manager/General
Gyldholm Møller, Joos Jerne, Kim Uhlir, faia (Gensler, regional managing M/E/P Engineer: CNG Engineering Contractor: Clark Construction Group
Christensen, Tore Banke, Kristoffer principal) Structural Engineer: Architectural Landscape Architect: Mia Lehrer +
Negendahl, Jakob Lange, Hugo Yun Interior Designer: HDR|Gensler in Engineers Collaborative Associates
Tong Soo, Morten Roar Berg, Yan Ma, association with Clive Wilkinson General Contractor: SpawGlass Lighting Designer: HLB Lighting Design
Tiago Sá, Ryohei Koike, Yoko Gotoh, Architects and EGG Studio . Tom Landscape Architect: Rialto Studio Graphics: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
Kyle Thomas David Tousant, Geoffrey Trenolone, aia (HDR, design director); Lighting Designer: Mazzetti Branding/Graphics: Page/Dyal
Eberle, Jonseok Hang, Ren Yang Tan, Krysia Lynch (HDR, senior interior Petal Formwork: Kreysler & Associates Acoustical Consultant: Newson Brown
Nina Vuga, Giedrius Mamavicius, designer); Kevin Augustyn, aia (HDR, Size: 2,000 square feet (education Acoustics
Yehezkiel Wiliardy, Simona Reiciunaite, design architect); Trevor Hollins (HDR, center); 6,000 square feet (pavilion) Fire Life Safety: Jensen Hughes
Yunyoung Choi, Vilius Linge, Tomas Karl lighting design studio lead); Anne Cost: $12.8 million Food Service Consultant: Cini-Little
FIRST. AGAIN.
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326

International principal); Michael Knopoff, aia Façade Consultant: Knippers Helbig Architect: Bjarke Ingels Group,
Courts Planning/LEED/Security (principal); Akiko Suzuki (associate Advanced Engineering Copenhagen, Denmark, and New York .
Consultant: AECOM principal); Jen Loesche (associate); Lighting Design: Licht Licht Bjarke Ingels, Finn Norkjaer (partners-
Accessibility Consultant: AA Vicente Shum (designer) Landscape Architect: Capatti Staubach in-charge); Brian Yang (project leader,
Architecture Interior Planning M/E/P Engineer: Acies Engineering (design), Gary R. Weber Associates (of concept); Frederik Lyng (project leader,
Elevators: Lerch Bates Structural Engineer: Julia Y. Chen Design record) detailed design); Ole Elkjær-Larsen
Blast Consultant: Applied Research General Contractor: Build Group Size: 57,000 square feet (project manager); David Zahle,
Associates Lighting Designer: Sean O’Connor Cost: Withheld Andreas K. Pedersen, Snorre Emanuel
Size: 633,000 square feet Lighting Nash Jørgensen, Michael Andersen,
Cost: $326 million Size: 1,400 square feet Crosstown Concourse, Hugo Soo, Marcella Martinez, Geoffrey
Cost: Withheld page 312 Eberle, Adam Busko, Hanna Johansson,
Pike Place MarketFront, Jakob Andreassen, Charlotte Cocco,
Project: Crosstown Concourse, Mikkel Marcker Stubgaard, Michael
page 296 Apple Store, Upper East Side,
Memphis, Tenn. Schønemann Jensen, Alejandro Mata
page 304
Project: Pike Place MarketFront, Seattle Client: Crosstown Gonzales, Kyle Thomas, David Tousant,
Client: Pike Place Market Preservation Project: Apple Store, Upper East Side, Architect: Looney Ricks Kiss, Memphis, Jesper Boye Andersen, Alberte Danvig,
and Development Authority New York in association with Dialog, Toronto . Jan Magasanik, Enea Michelesio, Alina
Architect: The Miller Hull Partnership, Client: Apple Anthony E. Pellicciotti, aia, Rebecca Tamosiunaite, Ryohei Koike, Brigitta
Seattle . Sian Roberts, faia (partner-in- Architect: Bohlin Cywinski Jackson, Courtney, Frank Ricks, faia, Lauren R. Gulyás, Katarzyna Krystyna Siedlecka,
charge); David Miller, faia, Brian Court, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. . Karl A. Backus, faia, B. Tolbert, Meredy Dahlgren, Krissy Andrea Scalco, Tobias Hjortdal, Maria
aia (lead designers); Steve Doub, aia, David Murray, aia, Peter Q. Bohlin, faia Buck Flickinger, Lauren M. Ricks, aia, Teresa Fernandez Rojo (project team);
Wojtek Szczerba (project managers); (principals); David Andreini, aia Alan Boniface, intl. assoc. aia, Jakob Lange, Tore Banke, Yehezkiel
Becky Roberts, aia, Peipei Sun, Sean (associate principal, project director); Marion LaRue, aia, Jennifer Cutbill Wiliardy, Kristoffer Negendahl (BIG
Waldron, aia, Eugene Lau, aia, Casey Brigham Keehner, aia, Jeffrey Lew, aia (project team) Ideas)
Riske, aia, Ryan Drake, Cory Mattheis, (senior associates); Carson Davis, Interior Designer: Looney Ricks Kiss in Structural Engineer: AKT;
aia, Rohit Eustace, aia, Grace Leong, Sarah Estephan, Sarah Harkins, Corey association with Dialog Lüchinger+Meyer Bauingenieure
David Cinamon, Janet Bean, Ryan Schnobrich, aia, Megan Strenski, M/E/P Engineer: OGCB Exhibition Design Consultant: Tinker
Rideout (project team) Chenglong Tsai (project team) Structural Engineer: Structural Design Imagineers; Kloosterboer Décor
Structural/Civil Engineer: Magnusson Structural Engineer: Eckersley Group Contractor: Kloosterboer Décor
Klemencic Associates O’Callaghan Civil Engineer: SR Consulting Sustainability Consultant: BIG Ideas
M/E/P Engineer: Arup M/E/P Engineer: WSP Global Geotechnical Engineer: Professional M/E/P/Civil Engineering Consultant:
Construction Manager: Garrett Condell; Civil Engineer: Langan Engineering and Services Industries Fuldendt
Sellen Construction Environmental Services Construction Manager/General Fire Safety Code Consultant: COWI
General Contractor: Sellen General Contractor: Shawmut Design Contractor: Grinder, Taber & Grinder Wind Consultant: Svend Ole Hansen
Construction and Construction (Construction Manager at Risk) Acoustics Consultant: Gade &
Landscape Architect: Berger Partnership Lighting Designer: ISP Design Landscape Architect: Hood Design Mortensen Akustik
Lighting Designer: Dark | Light Design Acoustical: Arup Studio Landscape Architect: Bach Landskab
Acoustical Engineer: The Greenbusch Historic Preservation: Higgins Lighting Designer: Arup Lighting Consultant: Ingeniørgruppen
Group Quasebarth & Partners Preliminary Design Consultant: Spatial Syd
Building Envelope Consultant: Conservator: Jablonski Building Affairs Bureau Client Adviser: Kjæhr & Trillingsgaard
Wetherholt and Associates Conservation Sustainable Site/Civil Concepts and Enterprise
Door Hardware Consultant: Adams Elevator: Edgett Williams Consulting Daylight Modeling Consultant: Arup Consultant: Pelcon Materials & Testing
Consulting and Estimating Group Mechanical/Smoke Evacuation Size: 2,850 square meters (30,677
Elevator Consultant: Elevator Size: 10,730 square feet Consultant: Newcomb & Boyd square feet)
Consulting Services Cost: Withheld Code Consultant: Code Solutions Cost: Withheld
ADA Consultant: Karen Braitmayer, faia Group
Code Consultant: Tom Kinsman Trumpf Smart Factory Chicago, Signage/Branding/Wayfinding: Loaded
Archaeological Services: ESA page 308 For Bear
Wayfinding: RMB Vivid Exterior Envelope Restoration
Project: Trumpf Smart Factory Chicago,
Traffic Consultant: Heffron Consultant: Wiss, Janney, Elstner
Hoffman Estates, Ill.
Transportation Associates
Client: Trumpf
Mass Excavation: Ceccanti Surveyor: Pickering Firm
Design Architect: Barkow Leibinger,
Piling: Malcolm Drilling Co. Furniture/Fixtures: Carkuff Interior
Berlin . Frank Barkow, Regine Leibinger
Shoring: Condon Johnson Design
(principals); Heiko Krech (project
Utilities: Gary Merlino Construction Historic Preservation Tax Credit
architect); Johannes Beck, Jordan
Mechanical/Plumbing Consultant: Consultant/Heritage/Historic
Berta, Carles Figueras, Cecilia Fossati,
Auburn Mechanical Consultant: Looney Ricks Kiss
Andreas Moling, Antje Steckhan, Daniel
Landscape Consultant: T Yorozu Residential Architect: Looney Ricks Kiss
Toole, Alexa Tsien-Shiang, Annette
Gardening Co. Sustainability Consultant: Looney Ricks
Wagner, Jens Wessel (project team)
Size: 39,600 square feet (site area); Kiss
Architect of Record: Heitman
210,000 square feet (project area) Building Management: Commercial
Architects, Itasca, Ill.
Cost: Withheld Advisors
General Contractor: McShane
Size: 1.3 million square feet
Construction Co.
Studio Dental II, page 300 Cost: $135 million (construction cost)
Project Management: Lendlease
Project: Studio Dental II, San Francisco Structural Engineer: Knippers Helbig
Tirpitz Museum, page 316
Client: Studio Dental Advanced Engineering (design), IMEG
Architect: Montalba Architects, Los Corp. (of record) Project: Tirpitz Museum, Blåvand,
Angeles and Lausanne, Switzerland . Climate/Energy Design/Mechanical/ Denmark
David Montalba, faia (founding Electrical Engineer/HVAC: IMEG Corp. Client: Vardemuseerne

> For materials and sources information and more photos of each winning project, visit architectmagazine.com.
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CONGRATULATIONS
TO HANLEY WOOD’S JESSE H. NEAL AWARD WINNERS

Hanley Wood is committed to publishing quality content that serves the information needs
of construction industry professionals. Our editors have once again been honored by the
most prestigious editorial awards program. Join us in congratulating them.

2019 WINNERS 2019 FINALISTS

ARCHITECT ARCHITECT
Best Use of Social Media
AFFORDABLE HOUSING FINANCE
AFFORDABLE HOUSING FINANCE
Best Single Article MULTIFAMILY EXECUTIVE

The following Hanley Wood brands have been recognized over 100 times for editorial achievement.

AFFORDABLE HOUSING FINANCE BUILDER REMODELING

APARTMENT FINANCE TODAY CUSTOM HOME REPLACEMENT CONTRACTOR

AQUATICS INTERNATIONAL MULTIFAMILY EXECUTIVE THE JOURNAL OF LIGHT

CONSTRUCTION
ARCHITECT POOL AND SPA NEWS
TOOLS OF THE TRADE
ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING PROSALES
332 Ad Index

Advertiser Page Website Phone

Aamsco Lighting 151 www.aamsco.com 800.221.9092

AEC Cares 164 www.aeccares.com

AL Light & Architecture Design Awards 210 * www.aldesignawards.com

ALPOLIC Mitsubishi Plastics Composites America, Inc. 53 www.alpolic-americas.com 800.422.7270

Aluflam North America 171 www.aluflam-usa.com 562-926-9520

American Galvanizers Association 42 www.galvanizeit.org/A19, www.galvanizeit.org/2019survey

American Hydrotech 173, 175, 177 www.hydrotechusa.com/power-of-rain

American Institute of Architects 62 www.aiacontracts.org/architectmag-natixis

American Institute of Architects 75 -

American Institute of Architects 154, Outsert www.conferenceonarchitecture.com

American Institute of Architects 160 www.conferenceonarchitecture.com/aiabusiness, www.aia.org/2019candidates

American Institute of Architects 196 www.aia.org/wls

American Institute of Architects 328 www.architecturaladventures.org/architectmag 800.293.5725

ARCAT C3 www.arcat.com

ARCHITECT 50 182 www.architect50.com

Architect Online 91 * www.architectmagazine.com

Architect Podcast Network 150 www.bit.ly/ArchitectPodcasts

Architectural Woodwork Institute 211 www.awiqcp.org

Armstrong World Industries - Ceilings 30 www.armstrongceilings.com/exposedstructure

ASI Group 35 www.americanspecialties.com/vpa 914.476.9000

Association of the Wall and Ceiling Industry 205 www.awci.org/awci/awards, www.awci.org

Ayre Lighting Group 194 www.ayrelight.com 877.722.AYRE

Banker Wire 204 www.bankerwire.com 800.523.6772

BASF 36-37 www.virtual-design.basf.com, www.master-builders-solutions.basf.us

Belden Brick 327 www.beldenbrick.com

Bilco 181 www.bilco.com

Bobrick Washroom 43 www.bobrick.com

Bock Lighting 203 www.bocklighting.com/projects 216.912.7050

BOK Modern 29 www.bokmodern.com

Boral Roofing 138-141 www.BoralRoof.com 800.669.8453

Bradley Corporation 209 www.bradleycorp.com/washbar/architect

* issue mailed in regional editions. Publisher not liable for errors or omissions.
Ad Index 333

Advertiser Page Website Phone

C.R. Laurence Co., Inc. C2-1 www.crl-arch.com 800.421.6144 Ext, 17780

Centria 31 www.CENTRIA.com/Freedom

Covestro 92-95 -

Dacor 25 www.dacor.com/kitchentheater

Demilec 207 www.nostatusquo.info 888.262.2836

Desana Partners 128-131 www.desanapartners.com

Doug Mockett & Co., Inc. 192 www.mockett.com 800.523.1269

Dri-Design 197 www.dri-design.com 616.355.2970

Dryvit 45 www.dryvit.com 800.556.7752, Ext. 9

Dura Coat Products 201 www.duracoatproducts.com 951.341.6500

Dyson 77 www.dyson.com 888.397.6622

E. Dillon and Company 166 www.edillon.com 800.234.8970

EDCO Products 5 www.edcoproducts.com

Eldorado Stone 49 www.eldoradostone.com

Ellison Bronze 65 www.ellisonbronze.com

Endicott Clay Products 59 www.endicott.com 402-729-3315

Epic Metals 51 www.epicmetals.com 877.696.3742

European Home 58 www.europeanhome.com/architect 781.324.8383

Feelux Lighting 184 www.feeluxlighting.com 678.668.7005

Fiberon 81 www.fiberoncladding.com

Fortress Building Products 4 www.FortressRailing.com 844.909.2999

Georgia-Pacific Corporation 67 www.DensDeck.com

Greenbuild 80 www.greenbuildexpo.com/notify

Guardian Industries Corporation 57 www.GuardianGlass.com/EYTower

Hanover Architectural Products 178 www.hanoverpavers.com

Hoover Treated Wood Products 325 www.frtw.com 800.TEC.WOOD

Humboldt Sawmill Company 187 www.GetRedwood.com/Architects

Hunter Panels 27 www.hunterpanels.com 888.746.1114

Invisible Structures 191 www.invisiblestructures.com 303-233-8383

JELD-WEN Building Forward 73 www.buildingforward.com

Jessie H. Neal Awards 331 -

* issue mailed in regional editions. Publisher not liable for errors or omissions.
334 Ad Index

Advertiser Page Website Phone

Kawneer 2-3 www.kawneer.com

Kingspan 104-109 www.kingspanpanels.com

Kingspan 190 www.morincorp.com 800.640.9501

Latch 11 www.latch.com

LF Illumination 12 www.lfillumination.com

Lighting Services Inc. 71 www.LightingServicesInc.com 800.999.9574

LP FlameBlock 61 www.LPCorp.com/FlameBlock

Lutron 133 www.lutron.com/HXL

Lutron 134-137 www.lutron.com/humancentriclighting

Lutron C4 www.lutron.com/shadesbylutron

LuxeHome 91 * www.luxehome.com 312.527.7939

Major Industries 206 www.majorskylights.com 888.759.2678

Marvin Windows and Doors 15 www.marvin.com/modern

Metl-Span 169 www.MetlSpan.com/performance

Mid-Atlantic Timberframes 193 www.midatlantictimberframes.com

Mitsubishi Electric Cooling & Heating 63 www.NextGenVRF.com

ModularArts 180 www.modulararts.com 206.788.4210

Nana Wall Systems 85 www.nanawall.com/hsw

Napoleon 21 www.napoleon.com

NBK 7 www.NBKUSA.com

NeoCon 54 www.neocon.com

New Horizon Shutters 79 www.NewHorizonShutters.com 843.797.7762

NewTechWood 174 www.newtechwood.com 281.570.6450

NSG Pilkington 176 www.pilkington.us 800.221.0444

Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope® 69 www.obe.com/weseeyourvision 866-653-2278

Ornamental Metal Institute of New York 10 www.OMINY.org

Owens Corning 179 www.owenscorning.com/ff

Ox Engineered Products 163 www.oxep.com

Pabco Gypsum 321 www.QuietRock.com 800.797.8159

PCI Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute 100-103,118-122 www.PCI.org

Petersen Aluminum 13, 124-127 www.PAC-CLAD.com 800.PAC.CLAD

* issue mailed in regional editions. Publisher not liable for errors or omissions.
 Ad Index 335

Advertiser Page Website Phone

PGT Innovations 210 * www.pgtinnovations.com

Progressive Architecture Awards 33 www.paawards.com

Rambusch 172 www.rambusch.com 201.333.2525

Renson 208 www.renson.us 310.745.8905

Residential Architect Design Awards 132 www.radesignawards.com

Rocky Mountain Hardware 198 www.rockymountainhardware.com

Rulon International 165 www.rulonco.com

SAFTI FIRST 89 www.safti.com/superclear45 888.653.3333

SageGlass 142-145, 195 www.sageglass.com/harmony

Schluter-Systems, Inc. 323 www.schluter.com

Seiho International 183 www.seiho.com 626.395.7299

Sherwin-Williams 47 www.coil.sherwin.com/architect

Sierra Pacific Windows 32, 32a-d www.SierraPacificWindows.com 800.824.7744

Steel Institute of New York 14 www.SINY.org

Sub-Zero Group 110-113 -

Tamlyn 74, 146-149 www.tamlyn.com 844.365.9462

TCP Lighting 55 www.TCPi.com/Switch

The AGC Glass Company North America 39 www.AGCglass.com/MyGlassGoTo

The Studio Prize 123 www.studioprize.com

ThinkWood 16-17 www.ThinkWood.com/Lookbook

Unilock 152 www.unilock.com 800.UNILOCK

US Green Building Council 229 www.usgbc.org/LEED

USAI Lighting 19 www.usailighting.com 845.565.8500

Vectorworks 96-99 www.vectorworks.net

Vibia 228 www.vibia.com/us

Viega 83 www.viega.us/About-us

Vitro Architectural Glass (formerly PPG Glass) 8-9 www.vitroglazings.com/acuity

Vitrocsa USA 91 * www.vitrocsaUSA.com 310.988.4455

Western Red Cedar Lumber Association 23 www.realcedar.com, www.realcedar.com/cedarbook

Wilsonart 114-117 www.wilsonart.com

* issue mailed in regional editions. Publisher not liable for errors or omissions.
336 ARCHITECT, The Journal of The American Institute of Architects, May 2019

Editorial:
Victor Hugo Was Wrong

There’s a particularly strange chapter in Victor Hugo’s le-Duc, as it was a relic of the 12th-century Gothic.
strange and wonderful novel, Notre-Dame de Paris, titled And given the slow pace of medieval construction,
“This Will Kill That.” In it, the author digresses from one cannot even pin the original to a single phase. A
the Gothic tale of a gypsy girl and the hunchback who succession of anonymous master builders deployed
loves her to expound a pet cultural theory: “Le livre Early, High, Rayonnant, Flamboyant, and Late
tuera l’édifice.” “The book will kill the building.” That iterations of the style.
simple sentence—subject, verb, object—defines an In-between the Gothic bookends, Louis XIV
epochal moment, when the book usurped architecture had Robert de Cotte give the choir a Baroque face
as humanity’s chief mode of expression. (Hugo put lift (which Viollet-le-Duc indignantly removed);
those words in the mouth of a medieval character, revolutionaries sacked the place and used it for
the cathedral’s archdeacon, which explains his use of atheistic pageants; and monarchs from the houses of
the future tense, in 1831, to refer to an event that had Bourbon, Bonaparte, and Orléans as well as officials
occurred in the 15th century.) of the various republics staged weddings, coronations,
“The invention of the printing press is the greatest and funerals there—each necessitating elaborate,
event in history,” Hugo wrote in the novel, and he’s though not always permanent, reinventions.
right. (Or, at least, he was right, until the internet came French President Emmanuel Macron promises
along.) But Hugo is also wrong: The printing press the restoration of Notre Dame Cathedral will be
may have taken architecture’s place as the medium of complete in five years, and French billionaires and
choice, but it didn’t kill architecture, or even mute it. megacorporations have already pledged more than
For proof, look no further than the great outpouring of $700 million toward that goal. Will Notre Dame
sorrow when Notre Dame was ravaged by fire on April Cathedral be the same as it was before the fire? No,
15. Clearly, that 800-year-old church embodies the that is beyond the capacity of the most meticulous
spirit of a city, a nation, and, arguably, a civilization. preservation efforts. But Notre Dame Cathedral can
Hugo’s dead-architecture thesis depends on be as meaningful as it was before the fire. While tragic,
the supposition that buildings are inherently static the fire creates an opportunity to write a new chapter.
and singular, whereas books, to their advantage, are That story will be written in architecture.
transient and numerous: “One can demolish a mass;
how can one extirpate ubiquity?” While a building
as old as Notre Dame Cathedral is undeniably
singular, it isn’t static. After a century or so, buildings
achieve a kind of slow, viscous fluidity, changing on
a seemingly geological time scale. Over the course
of eight centuries, the cathedral has been expanded,
altered, ornamented, pillaged, adapted, restored, and
renovated—a physical history of France, written in
stephen voss

stone, lead, timber, and glass.

The church that just burned was as much a
monument of the 19th-century Gothic Revival, courtesy @NedCramer
of enthusiastic restoration architect Eugène Viollet-
 A
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