INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS)
Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 043
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK

Course Name : CONTROL SYSTEMS

Course Code : A50217
Class : III B. Tech I Semester
Branch : Electronics and Communication Engineering
Year : 2017 – 2018
Course Faculty : Dr. K Nehru, Professor, N Nagaraju, Assistant Professor, ECE Department

OBJECTIVE

This course it is aimed to introduce the students the principles and applications of control systems in everyday life.
The basic concepts of block diagram reduction, time analysis solutions to time invariant systems and also deals with
the different aspects of stability analysis of systems in frequency domain and time domain .

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UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION & TRANSFER FUNCTION REPRESSENTATION
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 What is control system? Understand 1
2 Define open loop control system Understand 1
3 Define closed loop control system. Understand 1
4 Define transfer function. Remember 1
5 Write the force balance equations of ideal mass element, dashpot element, Understand 1
spring element
6 Write the analogous electrical elements in force voltage analogy for the 1
Understand
elements of mechanical translational system
7 Define signal flow graph? Understand 1
8 Define transmittance, sink and source? Understand 1
9 Write Masons Gain formula Understand 1
10 Discuss forward path? Understand 1
11 What are the basic elements used for modeling mechanical rotational system? Remember 1
12 Write the torque balance equation of ideal rotational mass element? Understand 1
13 Write the torque balance equation of ideal dash-pot element? Remember 1
14 Define non- touching loop? Remember 1
15 What is servomechanism? Understand 1
16 What is Synchro transmitter? Remember 1
17 What is Synchro receiver? Remember 1
18 Define forward path? Understand 1
19 What is the basis for framing the rules of block diagram reduction technique? Remember 1
20 What are the components of block diagram? Remember 1
21 Write the rule for moving summing point a head of a block? Understand 1
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22 Define loop? Remember 1
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Explain open loop & closed loop control systems by giving suitable Understand 1
Examples & also highlights their merits & demerits.
2 Explain the difference between Open loop and Closed loop systems? Understand 1
3 Explain the classification of control systems? Evaluate 1
4 Explain mathematical model of a physical system? Explain briefly Analyze 1
5 Explain the traffic control systems using open loop and closed loop systems? Understand 1
6 Discus basis for framing the rules of block diagram reduction technique? What Understand 1
are drawbacks of the block diagram reduction technique?
7 How do you construct a signal flow graph from the equations? List advantages Evaluate 1
of signal flow graph over block diagram?
8 Explain about mason’s gain formula? Analyze 1
9 Explain the temperature control system using open loop and closed loop Understand 1
systems?
10 Human being is an example of closed loop system. Justify your answer? Understand 1
11 Derive the transfer function of a field controlled D.C. servomotor and develop Understand 1
its block diagram. State the assumptions made if any.
12 Derive the transfer function of an armature controlled D.C. servomotor and Understand 1
develop its block diagram
13 Derive the transfer function of D.C. servomotor and explain about its torque Evaluate 1
speed characteristics.
14 With the help of neat sketches, explain the construction and working principle Analyze 1
of synchro transmitter and receiver. Derive the transfer function for synchro?
15 (a)Explain the differences between AC servomotor and DC servomotor? Evaluate 1
(b)Explain the practical applications of servomotors?
16 Find the transfer function for the block diagram shown as below Evaluate 1

17 Describe Synchro as an error detector Understand 1

18 Obtain the overall transfer function C/R from the signal flow graph shown. Evaluate 1

19 What is the basis for framing the rules of block diagram reduction technique? Remember 1
20 Explain properties of signal flow graphs? Explain the need of signal flow Remember 1
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graph representation for any system
21 How do you construct a signal flow graph from the equations? Understand 1
22 Define transfer function and determine the transfer function of RLC series Remember 1
circuit if the voltage across the capacitor is a output variable and input is
voltage source v(s).
23 Derive the transfer function for synchro? Remember 1
ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
1 Determine the overall transfer function C(S)/R(S) for the system shown in fig Evaluate 1

2 Discuss Mason’s gain formula. Obtain the overall transfer function C/R from Evaluate 1
the signal flow graph shown.

3 Write the differential equations governing the Mechanical rotational system Evaluate 1
shown infig. Draw the Torque-voltage and Torque-current electrical analogous
circuits.

4 Write the differential equations governing the Mechanical system Evaluate 1

shown in fig. and determine the transfer function

5 Obtain the transfer function X1(s)/F(s) for the mechanical system as shown in Evaluate 1
figure
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6 Find the transfer function of the electrical network shown in figure Evaluate 1

7 For the mechanical system shown in Figure 3, determine the transfer function Evaluate 1
Y1(s)/F(s) and Y2(s)/F(s)

Determine the transfer function C(S)/R(S) of the system shown below fig by Evaluate 1
block diagram reduction method

8 Reduce the given block diagram and hence obtain the transfer function Evaluate 1
C(s)/R(s)

9 Draw a signal flow graph and evaluate the closed-loop transfer function of a Evaluate 1
system whose block diagram is given as follows
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10 Find the closed loop transfer function of the system Evaluate 1

11 Reduce the given block diagram and hence obtain the transfer function Evaluate 1
C1(s)/R1(s).

12 Find the closed loop transfer function using block diagram reduction technique Evaluate 1
for the block

13 find the transfer function through the Mason’s gain formula for the figure given Evaluate 1
below
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14 Apply masons gain formula to find its transfer function. Evaluate 1

15 For the signal flow graph find transfer function. Evaluate 1

16 Reduce the given block diagram and hence obtain the transfer function Evaluate 1
C2(s)/R2(s).

17 For the signal flow graph shown below fig , find the overall gain Evaluate 1
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UNIT - II
TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 What is integral control action? What is the advantage and disadvantage in
Remember 2
integral controller?
2 What are the test signals? Remember 2
3 What is the time response of the first order system? Remember 2
4 What is the time response of the second order system? Remember 2
5 Define Damping ratio. How the system is classified depending on the value of
Remember 2
damping?
6 Discuss Proportional controller and with advantages? Remember 2
7 Discuss the drawback in P-controller? Remember 2
8 Discuss PI, PD, and PID controller? Remember 2
9 Define Damping ratio. How the system is classified depending on the value of Remember
2
damping?
10 Distinguish between type and order of a system Remember 2
11 Define rise, Delay time Remember 2
12 Define Peak time, settling time, Peak overshoot., Remember 2
13 Discuss the relation between generalized and static error coefficients Remember 2
14 List generalized error coefficients? Remember 2
15 Find the type and order of the system G(S)=40/S(s+4)(s+5)(s+2) Understand 2
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 (a)Explain about various test signals used in control systems? Analyze 2
(b)Define time constant and explain its importance?
2 (a)How steady state error of a control system is determined? How it can be Remember 2
reduced?
(b) Derive the static error constants and list the disadvantages?
𝐾
3 For a system 𝐺 𝑠 𝐻 𝑠 = 2 Find the value of K to limit steady state Apply 2
𝑆 𝑆+2 (𝑆+3)
40
error to 10 when input to system is 1 + 10𝑡 + 𝑡 2
2
4 (a)Explain error constants Kp, Kv and Ka for type I system. Evaluate 2
(b) Explain error constants Kp, Kv and Ka for type II system.
5 (a)Explain the effect of PI control on the performance of control system Remember 2
(b)Explain the effect of PD control on the performance of control system
6 (a)What are P, D, and controller? Why D controller is not used in control Understand 2
systems?
(b) What are generalized error constants? State the advantages and significance
of generalized error constants?
7 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of proportional, proportional Understand 2
derivative, proportional integral control system.
8 (a)Derive the expression for time domain specification of a under damped Evaluate 2
second order system to a step input?
9 (a)Derive the transient response of under damped second order system when Evaluate 2
excited by unit step input?
(b)Derive the transient response of un damped second order system when
excited by unit step input?
10 (a)Derive the transient response of over damped second order system when Analyze 2
excited by unit step input?
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(b)Derive the transient response of critically damped second order system when
excited by unit step input?
ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
1 40(𝑆+2) Evaluate 2
A unity feedback system has 𝐺 𝑠 =
𝑆 𝑆+1 (𝑆+4)
Determine (i) Type of the system (ii) All error coefficients and (iii) Error for
the ramp input with magnitude 4
2 The closed loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is
given by-
C(s)/R(s) = 20/(s2+16s+25) Evaluate 2
Determine
(i) Damping ratio
(ii) Natural undammed resonance frequency
(iii) Percentage peak overshoot
(iv) Expression for error response
3 A unity feedback system is characterized by an open loop transfer function Evaluate 2
𝐾
𝐺 𝑠 =
𝑆(𝑆 + 10)
Determine gain ‘K’ so that system will have a damping ratio of 0.5. For this
value of ‘K’ determine settling time, peak overshoot and time to peak
overshoot for a unit step input. Also obtain closed loop response in time
domain
4 The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by
𝐾
𝐺 𝑠 = where K and T are positive constants. By what factor should
𝑆(𝑇𝑆+1)
Evaluate 2
the amplifier gain be reduced so that the peck overshoot of unit step response of
the system is reduced from 75% to 25%?
5 A unity feed-back system is characterized by the open-loop transfer function: Evaluate 2
1
G( s)  . Determine the steady-state errors for unity-step,
s(0.5s  1)(0.2 s  1)
unit-ramp and unit-acceleration input. Also find the damping ration and natural
frequency of the dominant roots.
6 The forward transfer function of a unity feedback type1, second order system
has a pole at -2. The nature of gain k is so adjusted that damping ratio is 0.4.
The above equation is subjected to input r(t)=1+4t. Find steady state error? Evaluate 2
7 A feedback control system is described as Evaluate 2
G(s) = 50/s(s+2)(s+5) , H(s) = 1/s
For a unit step input, determine the steady state error constants & errors.
8 The closed loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is
given by-
C(s)/R(s) = 10/(s2+4s+5) Evaluate 2
Determine
(i) Damping ratio
(ii) Natural undammed resonance frequency
(iii) Percentage peak overshoot
(iv) Expression for error response
9 For a unity feedback system whose open loop transfer function is Evaluate 2
G(s) = 50/(1+0.1s)(1+2s) , find the position, velocity & acceleration error
Constants.
10 The open loop transfer function of a control system with unity feedback is

Evaluate 2
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100
given by G (s)  . Determine the steady state error of the system
s(s  0.1s)
when the input is 10+10t+4t2

UNIT – III
STABILITY ANALYSIS IN S-DOMAIN
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Define BIBO Stability. What is the necessary condition for stability? Understand 3
2 What is characteristic equation? How the roots of characteristic equation are Remember
3
related to stability?
3 What is the relation between stability and coefficient of characteristic
Understand 3
polynomial?
4 What will be the nature of impulse response when the roots of characteristic Remember 3
equation are lying on imaginary axis?
5 What will be the nature of impulse response if the roots of characteristic Remember 3
equation are lying on right half s-plane?
6 Explain root locus? How will you find root locus on real axis? Remember 3
7 Discuss asymptotes? Remember 3
8 Define centroid, how it is calculated? Remember 3
9 What is breakaway point? Understand 3
10 Explain dominant pole? Understand 3
11 What is break in point? Remember 3
12 Determine poles for G(S)=40/S(s+4)(s+5) Understand 3
13 Determine poles for G(S)=20/S(s+6)(s+2) Understand 3
14 Determine the zeros for G(S)=40(s+2)(s+6)/(s+4)(s+5) Remember 3
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Define the terms Remember 3
(i) Absolute stability (ii) marginal stability (iii) conditional stability (iv) stable
system (v) Critically stable system (vi) conditionally stable system?
2 State Routh’s stability criterion. State their advantages Evaluate 3
What are the limitations of Routh Hurwitz criteria?
3 what are the necessary conditions to have all the roots of characteristics Evaluate 3
equation in the left half of s-plane?
4 By means of Routh criterion ,determine the stability represented by Analyze 3
characteristic equation ,s4+2s3+8s2+4s+3=0
5 The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by Evaluate 3
𝐾
𝐺 𝑠 = .find the restriction on k so that the closed loop system
𝑆 1+0.25𝑆 (1+0.4𝑆)
is absolutely stable.
6 With the help of Routh Hurwitz criterion comments upon the stability of the Create 3
system having the following characteristic equation
S6+s5-2s4-3s3-7s2-4s-4=0
7 Check the stability of the given characteristic equation using Routh’s method
𝑆 6 + 2𝑆 5 + 8𝑆 4 + 12𝑆 3 + 20𝑆 2 + 16𝑆 + 16 = 0
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8 (a)Explain the steps for the construction of root locus? Evaluate 3
(b)From the given root locus plot, how can you determine the gain margin and
phase margin for the specified gain value ‘k’
9 The open loop transfer function of a control system is given by G(s) H(s) = Evaluate 3
𝐾
𝑆 𝑆 + 6 (𝑆 2 + 4𝑆 + 13)
sketch complete root locus
10 Check whether the points lie (-1+j) and (-3+j) lie on the root locus of a system Analyze 3
1
given by G(s) H(s)= .use the angle condition.
𝑆+1 (𝑆+2)
11 Sketch the root locus G(S)=K/s(s2+6s+10), H(S)=1 Evaluate 3
12 Locate the zeros and poles of the TF in the s-plane Evaluate 3
2
G(s)=13(s+7)(s+9)/(s +5s+8)
13 Using the routh’s criterion determine the stability of the system represented by Evaluate 3
4 3 2
characteristic equation s +8s +18s +16s+5=0
14 Analyze 3
Using the routh’s criterion
7
determine
6 5
the 3stability
2
of the system represented by
characteristic equation s +9s +24s +24s +24s +23s+15
15 Construct the routh array for the unity feedback system Evaluate 3
G(s)=10/s(s+2)(s+4)(s+6)
ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
1 A unity feedback system has an open loop transfer function
K . Use RH test to determine the range of positive values of Evaluate 3
G(s) 
(s  2)(s 2  4s  5)
K for which the system is stable
2 Find the range of K for stability of the system with characteristic equation Evaluate 3
s4+3s3+3s2+2s+k=0
𝐾
3 For the unity feedback system the open loop T.F. is 𝐺 𝑠 = 3
𝑆 1+0.6𝑆 (1+0.4𝑆)
Determine(a) Range of values of K, marginal K (c) Frequency of sustained Evaluate
oscillations
4 How many roots does each of the following polynomials have in the Evaluate 3
right half of the s-plane. s4+2s3+4s2+8s+15
5 The system having characteristic equation2 s4+4s2+1=0
(i) the number of roots in the left half of s-plane Evaluate 3
(ii) the number of roots in the right half of s-plane
(iii)The number of roots on imaginary axis use RH stability criterion.
6 Find the range of K for stability of the system with characteristic equation Evaluate 3
s4+3s3+3s2+2s+k=0
𝐾
7 For the unity feedback system the open loop T.F. is 𝐺 𝑠 =
𝑆 1+0.6𝑆 (1+0.4𝑆)
Evaluate 3
Determine(a) Range of values of K, marginal K (c) Frequency of sustained
oscillations
8 Sketch the Root Locus for the unity feedback system with Evaluate 3
𝐾
𝐺 𝑠 𝐻 𝑠 =
𝑆 𝑆 + 1 𝑆 + 3 (𝑆 + 6)
Find the breakaway point on real axis and find K of damping ratio=0.5
9 Sketch root locus plot for unity feedback system whose open loop T.F is given
𝑘(𝑠+0.5) Evaluate 3
by G(S)=
𝑠 2 (𝑠+4.5)
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10 Sketch the root locus plot of a unity feedback system whose open loop T.F is
𝑠 Evaluate 3
G(s)=
𝑠 2 +4 (𝑠+2)
UNIT-IV
FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 What is frequency response? What are advantages of frequency response Understand 4
analysis?
2 What are frequency domain specifications? Understand 4
3 Define Resonant Peak. Understand 4
4 What is Bode plot? What are the advantages of Bode Plot? Understand 4
5 Define gain margin Understand 4
6 Define corner frequency. Understand 4
7 Explain Gain cross-over frequency and phase cross-over frequency? Understand 4
8 What is polar plot? Understand 4
9 What is lead compensator? Understand 4
10 What is lag compensator?? Understand 4
11 What is lead lag controller techniques. Understand 4
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
7 What is frequency response? What are advantages of frequency response Understand 5
analysis?
8 (a)write short notes on various frequency domain specifications Evaluate 5
(b) Derive expression for resonant peak and resonant frequency and hence
establish correlation between time and frequency response.
9 Explain the steps for the construction of Bode plot? What are the advantages of Evaluate 5
Bode Plot?
10 Explain with the examples (i) minimum phase function Analyze 5
(ii) non-minimum phase function
(iii) all pass function
11 Sketch the Bode plot for the open loop transfer function Evaluate 5
10(𝑆 + 3)
𝐺 𝑠 =
𝑆 𝑆 + 2 (𝑆 2 + 4𝑆 + 100)
12 The open loop transfer function of a system is Analyze 3
𝐾
𝐺 𝑠 =
𝑆 1 + 𝑆 (1 + 0.1𝑆)
Determine the value of K such that (i) Gain Margin = 10dB and (ii) Phase
Margin = 50 degree
13 20 Analyze 3
Given the open loop transfer function Draw the Bode plot and
𝑠 1+3𝑠 (1+4𝑆)
hence the phase and gain margins.
14 Sketch the bode plot for a system with unity feedback having the transfer Analyze 3
function, and assess its closed-loop stability.
75
𝐺 𝑠 = 2
𝑆(𝑠 + 16𝑠 + 100)
15 Sketch the bode plot for a system with unity feedback having the transfer Analyze 3
function, and assess its closed-loop stability.
10
𝐺 𝑠 =
𝑆 1+0.4𝑠 (1+0.1𝑠)
16 Draw the polar plot for open loop transfer function for unity feedback system Analyze 3
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1
G(s)= .determine gain margin, phase margin?
𝑠 1+𝑠 (1+2𝑆)
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Given damping ratio𝜉=0.7 and 𝜔n=10 rad/sec find the resonant peak, resonant Evaluate 4
frequency and band width.
2 200 Evaluate 4
For a second order system with unity feedback G(s) = .find various
𝑠(𝑠+8)
frequency domain specifications.
3 1 Evaluate 4
Sketch bode phase angle plot of a system G(s)=
(1+𝑠)(1+2𝑠)
4 Draw the exact bode plots and find the gain margin and phase margin of a Evaluate 4
10(𝑠+1)
system represented by G(s)H(s)=
𝑠 (𝑠+0.05)(𝑠+3)(𝑠+5)
5 10(𝑠+1)
Draw the exact polar plots G(s)= ,H(S)=1 Evaluate 4
𝑠 (𝑠+0.05)(𝑠+3)(𝑠+5)
6 The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is Evaluate 4
50𝐾
G(s)=
𝑠 (𝑠+10)(𝑠+5)(𝑠+1)
(i)gain margin and phase margin
(ii) the value o steady state error coefficient for a gain of 10db and the value
which will make the closed loop system marginally stable.
7 𝐾𝑠 2 Evaluate 4
Sketch the bode plot for transfer function G(s)= and find
(1+0.2𝑠)(1+0.02𝑠)
value of K such that gain cross over frequency is 5 rad/sec
8 15(𝑠+5) Evaluate 4
Sketch the bode plot or a system G(s) = 2
.hence determine the
𝑠 (𝑠 +16𝑠+100)
stability of the system.
9 𝑒 −0.1𝑠 28.5 Evaluate 4
Sketch the bode plots of G(s)= .hence find the gain cross
𝑠(1+𝑠)(1+0.1𝑠)
over frequency
10 𝐾 Evaluate 4
A unity feedback control system has G(s)= 𝑠 .find the value of K
𝑠(𝑠+1)(1+ )
10
so that GM=12db and PM=30deg.
11 1 Evaluate 4
Sketch polar plot for G(S) = 2 with unity feedback system.
𝑆 (1+𝑠)(1+2𝑠)
Determine gain margin and phase margin.
UNIT-V
STATE SPACE ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS SYSTEM
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Define observability? Remember 5
2 Define controllability? Understand 5
3 What are Eigen values? Understand 5
4 What are draw backs of transfer function model analysis Remember 5
5 What is state, state variable and state vector? Remember 5
6 What are the properties of state transition matrix? Understand 5
7 Write properties of state transition matrix? Understand 5
8 What are the advantages of state space analysis? Understand 5
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9 Write resolving matrix? Remember 5
10 How the modal matrix can be determined? Understand 5
11 What is i/p and o/p space? Remember 5
12 What are eigen values? Understand 5
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Explain the state variable and state transition matrix? Remember 5
2 Write shot notes on formulation of state equations? Analyze 5
3 Derive the expression for the calculation of the transfer function from the state Apply 5
variables for the analysis of system?
4 Write short notes on canonical form of representation .list its advantages and Evaluate 5
disadvantages?
5 derive the controllable canonical form for the following transfer Evaluate 5
function
𝑌 𝑆 𝑏0 𝑆 𝑛 +𝑏1 𝑆 𝑛 −1 + 𝑏2 𝑆 𝑛 −2 +⋯…………………………….. 𝑏𝑛 𝑆+𝑏𝑛
=
𝑈 𝑆 𝑆 𝑛 +𝑎 1 𝑆 𝑛 −1 + 𝑎 2 𝑆 𝑛 −2 ………………………………………… 𝑆+𝑃𝑛

6 derive the observable canonical form for the following transfer function Evaluate 5
𝑌 𝑆 𝑏 𝑆 𝑛 +𝑏1 𝑆 𝑛 −1 + 𝑏2 𝑆 𝑛 −2 +⋯…………………………….. 𝑏𝑛 𝑆+𝑏𝑛
= 0𝑛
𝑈 𝑆 𝑆 +𝑎 1 𝑆 𝑛 −1 + 𝑎 2 𝑆 𝑛 −2 ………………………………………… 𝑆+𝑃𝑛

7 Write properties of state transition matrix? Remember 5

8 State and explain controllability and observability? Analyze 5
9 Write the necessary and sufficient conditions for complete state controllability Remember 5
and observability?
10 obtain the Jordan canonical form of state space representation for the Evaluate 5
following transfer function
𝑌(𝑆) 𝑏0 𝑆 𝑛 +𝑏1 𝑆 𝑛 −1 + 𝑏2 𝑆 𝑛 −2 +⋯………….. 𝑏𝑛 𝑆+𝑏𝑛
=
𝑈(𝑆) 𝑆+𝑃1 𝑛 𝑆+𝑃4 𝑆+𝑃5 ………………………………………… 𝑆+𝑃𝑛

ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
1 convert the following system matrix to canonical form and hence calculate the Analyze 5
4 1 −2
STM A= 1 0 2
1 −1 3
2 a system variables for the state variable representation of the system are, Apply 5
−1 1 0
A= ,B= , 𝐶 = 1 0
1 −2 1
Determine the complete state response and the output response of the system
for the initial state
−1
X(0)=
0

3 for the state equation 𝑥 =Ax Evaluate 5

0 1 0
Where A= 3 0 2 .find the intial condition vector x(0) which will
−12 −7 −6
excite only the mode corresponding to eigen value with the most negative real
part.
4 consider the differential equation system given by 𝑦 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑌 = 0, Apply 5
y(0)=0.1,y(0)=0.05.
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Obtain the response y(t),subjected to the given intial condition
5 consider the system described by the state equation Analyze 5
−𝑡 0
X(t)= 1 𝑒 x(t)+ 𝑢(𝑡)
0 −1 1
6 determine the state controllability and observability of the following system Evaluate 5
𝑥1 −3 −1 𝑥1 1
= + u
𝑥2 −2 1.5 𝑥2 4
C=[0 1]
7 examine the observability of the system given below using canonical form Analyze 5
𝑥1 0 1 0 𝑥1 0
𝑥2 = 0 1 1 𝑥2 + 0 u
𝑥3 0 −2 −3 𝑥3 1
𝑥1
Y=[3 4 1] 𝑥2
𝑥3
8 linear time invariant system is described by the following state model. Obtain Analyze 5
the canonical form of the state model.
𝑥1 −1 1 𝑥1 0
= + u and y= 1/3 −1/3
𝑥2 1 −2 𝑥2 1
9 convert the following system matrix to canonical form Evaluate 5
1 2 1
A= −1 0 2
1 3 −1
10 a linear time invariant system is described by the following state model.obtain 5
the canonical form of state model Evaluate
𝑥1 −1 0 𝑥1 1 𝑥1
= 𝑥 + u and y= −1 −2 𝑥
𝑥2 0 −3 2 1 2

Prepared by: Mr. N Nagaraju, Assistant Professor, ECE Dept.

HOD, ECE