Laguna State Polytechnic University

San Pablo City

Lesson Plan
in
Physics

Submitted to: Mrs. Chua

Submitted by: Dhalia Gliponeo
Jason Libit
BEED 3V
I. Objectives:
1. The student will be able to identify and observe friction
both orally and in writing.
2. The student will be able to connect the scientific concepts
of friction and efficiency to real-life applications in their
own life.
3. The student will be able to solve problems about friction
in relation to the normal force.
II. Learning Content
A. Topic: Friction
Subtopics: Kinds of friction
Properties of friction
Ways of Increasing and Reducing Friction
B. Materials to be use: Visual aids
Toy cars
Blocks of wood
C. Values Integration: Hard work and Patience
D. Scientific Skills: Conducting experiments; Solving
Problems
E. Reference: High School Physics by Vivencio N. Abastillas,
Jr. pg. 66-75
III. Learning Strategies
A. Review: Impulse and Momentum
B. Presentation
Motivation: The teacher will divide the students into
3groups. Each group will be given block of wood and toy
car. They will compete and observe what is the fastest is
among the objects and what causes them to move with
ease.
C. Lesson Proper
Can you imagine what would happen to you and to all
the things around you if there were no friction?
Everything would be sliding down.
Friction exists between surfaces of two bodies in
contact. These 2 bodies exert forces on each other; they
tend to stick together and resist motion. This force that
tends to oppose motion is called friction force. Friction
arises because no surface is perfectly smooth. Even the
smoothest-looking surface is quite rough when examined
under a high power microscope. Friction is created due to
the interlocking of bumps and irregularities on the
surfaces of sliding objects. Friction is also due to the
attraction between the atomic or molecular particles of
the two surfaces in contact.
The nature of the friction force depends on the type of
motion that occurs between 2 surfaces.
1. For bodies at rest
If there is no relative motion between two bodies, the
type of friction force that exists between their contact
surfaces is called static friction.
2. For bodies in sliding motion
The type of friction force that opposes sliding motion is
called kinetic friction. This type is weaker than static
friction.
3. For bodies in rolling motion
Rollers or wheels are used to minimize friction
between contact surfaces. The friction force that exists
in rolling motion is called rolling friction. This is the
weakest force that opposes motion.
 Experimental results have shown that friction has the
following properties:
1. The friction force is parallel to the contact surface.
2. For a given pair of surfaces, it has been found that
friction force is proportional to the normal force
between the two surfaces.
3. It is approximately independent of the surface area
of contact between the two bodies.
4. Its direction is always opposite to the direction of
motion.
5. Its magnitude depends on the nature of the
materials and condition of the surface in contact
(rough, smooth, dry, or wet)

For example, the friction force between glass and

glass is different from the friction force between
glass and wood. Friction force is less when roads are
wet than when they are dry.

The friction is related to the normal force by ht

equation

f = µ F or µ = f
F

where

f = friction force

µ = coefficient of friction: its value depends on the nature

of the two surfaces in contact
 F = normal force

The magnitude of the coefficient of friction gives you an idea

of how large the friction force is between the two surfaces.

Coefficients of Friction

Material Coefficient of Coefficient of

Static Friction Kinetic Friction

µ µ

Glass on glass 0.94 0.40

Steel on steel 0.58 0.3

Wood on wood 0.4 0.2

Rubber tire on dry concrete 1.0 0.7

Rubber tire on wet concrete 0.7 0.5

Human joints 0.01 0. 01

Ways of Increasing and Reducing Friction

Friction helps us in many ways. There are times when

greater friction between the surfaces in contact is desirable. Friction
may be increased by making the surfaces rough. Tires and rubber
shoes have treads and spikes to increase friction for travel over ice
and snow.

At other times friction is considered undesirable. Too much

friction in machines causes them to wear out faster. Much energy is
wasted if you push heavy furniture’s when cleaning the house.
Friction is reduced by the use of lubricants like oil or grease, roller
bearings, and shape.

Friction also exists between water and objects in contact

with water. Similarly the friction force on an object moving through a
liquid increases with speed.

Example: Determine the horizontal force needed to accelerate a 25

kg grocery cart from rest to 0.45 m/s in 1.3 s if the coefficient of
friction between the cart and the floor is 0.15

Given: m = 25g

v=0

v = 0.45 m/s

t = 1.3 s

µ = 0.15

Find: Fx

Solution: There is an unbalanced force that acts on the cart. It

pulls the cart in the x direction (horizontal motion)

unbalanced F = ma (a)

unbalanced F = F - fr (b)
Since equations (a) and (b) are the same, then,

Ma = Fx – fr (c)

ax = V – V

= o.45 m/s – 0

1.3 s

= 0.35 m/s

µ = fr

F=W

= mg

= 25 kg (9.8 m/s )

= 245 F

fr = µ F

= 0.15 (245 N)

= 36.75 N

Using equation c, Find Fx

25 kg ( 0.35 m/s ) = Fx – 36.75 N

8.75 N + 36.75 N = Fx

Fx = 45.5 N
 Example: A 1500 kg car is ascending the ramp of a garage inclined
at 10⁰ with constant speed when the force applied is P. Determine
the magnitude of force P if µ = 0.70

Given: m = 1500 kg

Θ = 10 ⁰

µ = 0.70

Find: P

Solution: The weight of the car has two components. Wy and Wx

Wy = F (force that presses the two surfaces together) because

there is no vertical motion

Wy = w cos θ

W = mg

= 1500 kg (9.8 m/s )

= 14 700 N

Wy = 14 700 N (0.985)

= 14 479.5 N

F = 14 479.5 N

fr = µ (14 479.5 N)

= 10 135.65 N

Wx = W sin θ

= 14 700 N (0.174)
 = 2 557.8 N

Unbalanced F= ma

Unbalanced F= P-fr-Wx

Ma = P-fr-Wx

a = 0 since the car is moving at constant speed

0 = P-fr-Wx

P = fr + Wx

= 10 135.65 N + 2 557.8 N

= 12 693.45 N

IV. Scientific Application

Technological Advancement
We have been idealizing the problems we previously
encountered by entirely ignoring frictional forces. Friction
however, is present in almost all the mechanical systems,
and we should consider friction in a quantitative manner in
order to get a more realistic understanding of these systems.

Use of the topic to daily lives

The more friction, the harder it is to do work. The more
friction, the less efficiency. Friction can be helpful, as well as
cause problems. Friction helps us walk without slipping.
Friction though also causes carpet burns when we fall,
fingernails squeaking on a chalkboard; keeps us from
running faster, etc.
Sample Problems
1. Determine the constant force necessary to move the 18
kg load B upward with an acceleration of 0.6 m/s. What is
the tension in the cord?
2. An elevator weighing 3000 kg is pulled upward by a cable
with an acceleration of 1.2 m/s. Determine the tension in
the cable. What is the tension when the cable is
decelerating at 1.2 m/s but is still moving upward?
Name:_________________________
Course and Section:__________________
Topic: Friction

Identify the following:

1. Exists between surfaces of two bodies in contact.

2. Type of friction force that has no relative motion between two

bodies.

3. Type of friction force that opposes sliding motion.

4. The friction force that exists in rolling motion.

5. The equation of friction in relation to the normal force.

Fill in the blanks. (Properties of Friction)

6. The friction force is __________ to the contact surface.

7. For a given pair of surfaces, it has been found that friction force
is __________ to the normal force between the two surfaces.
8. It is approximately ____________ of the surface area of
contact between the two bodies.
9. Its direction is always ____________ to the direction of motion.
10. Its ____________ depends on the nature of the materials
and condition of the surface in contact.

Give the symbols of the following:

 11. _______ = friction force
12. _______ = coefficient of friction
13. _______ = normal force

Solve : (7 points)

14-20. Determine the horizontal force needed to accelerate a

35kg grocery cart from rest to 0.55 m/s in 1.5 s if the coefficient of
friction between the cart and the floor is 0.20