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MER - Maximum Efficient Rate

This document provides an overview of topics to be covered in an upstream oil and gas course, including: - Basic concepts of inflow performance relationships (IPR) and vertical flow performance (VFP) - Nodal analysis and how it relates IPR and VFP - Maximum efficient rate (MER) definition and applications - Reservoir engineering fundamentals like diffusivity equations, wellbore flow models, and production systems will also be introduced.

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934 views13 pages

MER - Maximum Efficient Rate

This document provides an overview of topics to be covered in an upstream oil and gas course, including: - Basic concepts of inflow performance relationships (IPR) and vertical flow performance (VFP) - Nodal analysis and how it relates IPR and VFP - Maximum efficient rate (MER) definition and applications - Reservoir engineering fundamentals like diffusivity equations, wellbore flow models, and production systems will also be introduced.

Uploaded by

alizareiforoush
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What You Will Learn in this Course

Basic Concepts about IPR


Basic Concepts about VFP
Nodal Analysis
MER definition
MER applications

1
• Basic Concepts about IPR
• Production System
• Diffusivity Equation for oil and gas
• Gas Well Performance
• Oil Well Performance
• Basic Concepts about VFP
• Wellbore Flow Performance
Outline •
•
Single Phase Liquid Flow
Single Phase Vapor Flow
• Multi-Phase Flow

• Nodal Analysis
• Definitions
• IPR vs. VFP

2
• MER
• Definition
• Usual Well and Field Constraints
• How to do MER at Industry

Outline

3
Basic Concept About IPR
4
Production System
Processing equipment
Metering
Flow lines
Wellhead Expor
t

➢ Reservoir flow comes from reservoir to surface then passes flow


lines, enters to processing system and gets ready to export
➢ During this destination, fluid pressure changes from reservoir
condition to surface condition
➢ The purpose of this course is investigation of fluid from reservoir to
well head
➢ Knowing inflow performance relationship as wells as vertical flow
performance help us to control the production and lead it to the
Wellbore and most optimum state
associated
equipment 5
Production System- Pressure drop
Psep.

Separator
Gas
Pwh
Oil

∆𝑃1 = 𝑃𝑟 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 IPR


∆𝑃2 = 𝑃𝑤𝑓 − 𝑃𝑤ℎ VFP
∆𝑃3 = 𝑃𝑤ℎ − 𝑃𝑠𝑒𝑝.
∆𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑃𝑟 − 𝑃𝑠𝑒𝑝.

Pwf Pr Pe

6
Diffusivity Equation
Mathematical Model describes
flow of fluid through porous and
permeable media

Mass Balance Equation of Motion Equation of State

Diffusivity Equation

7
Basic Concept About VFP
8
Pressure Drop
Pressure Drop in Wellbore

Kinetic Energy
Potential (Acceleration)
Energy Energy Losses
(Elevation)
𝒅𝒑 𝝆𝒔 𝜵 𝒗𝟐𝒎
=
𝒅𝑳 𝟐𝒈𝒄 𝒅𝒑
𝒅𝑷 𝒈 𝒅𝒑 𝝆𝒇 𝒗𝟐𝒎
= 𝝆 𝒉 + 𝝆𝒈 𝟏 − 𝒉𝒍 =𝒇
𝒅𝑳 𝒈𝒄 𝟏 𝟏 𝒅𝑳 𝟐𝒈𝒄 𝒅
Pwf

Rate 9
Fluid Types

Single Bubble Slug Flow Annular Mist Flow


Single
Phase, Flow Mist
10
Phase,
Nodal Analysis

11
System Analysis
System Analysis is based on concept of “ Continuity”

Any change in the system, will be an associated change in


pressure / production rate at same point

This continuity of Production and pressure, can be used to


estimate producing condition for the system

THIS IS NODAL
ANALYSIS 12
Pwf
Some Examples for NODAL ANALYSIS

Oil Rate
Original oil
Improved Oil
13

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