Giving Injection

1. Explain the detail of the equipment that you need to give an injection!
a. Syringe with needle (size 19-25)
b. Alcohol swab
c. Medicine (ampoule or vial)
d. Handscoon/gloves
e. Tourniquet
f. Injection tub
g. Bengkok
h. Underpads
i. Treatment note.

2. Explain when the patients need an injection!

Conditions/indications that cause the patient to require treatment in the form of injections. The
indications are as follows:
a. Patients are not able to swallow drugs orally (through the mouth) because they are in an
unconscious condition, continuous vomiting nausea or any obstructions
(tumor/inflammation)
b. Patients with severe illness so that it requires hospital treatment and the installation of
infusion, so expect the medicine is easier to be administered and can be absorbed faster by
the body
c. Administration of certain antibiotics that are only available in injectable form where the
medicine is indispensable to overcome severe infectious diseases. So inevitably have to be
injected to kill the germs
d. Administration of drugs that can ‘t be properly absorbed by the intestines/gastrointestinal
tract must be administered both intravenously (blood vessels) and intramuscular (muscle)
e. Avoiding the effect of oral medication (drinking) that can stimulate gastric acid production
that can eventually irritate the stomach. Like the use of some pain relief that can trigger
recurrence of ulcer disease
f. Injections as a sedative, as in the case of seizures that are difficult if you should swallow
the drug or in patients who will be carried out surgical actions or sewing wounds that
require anesthesia
 g. Injections for KB which is usually done by those who prefer the type of syringe in every 1
month or 3 months. That is a few indications of the introduction of medications through
injection lines that can be done either intravenously, muscular, cutaneous (in the skin) or
subcutaneous (under the skin).

3. Written down the procedurs of giving injection!

Kinds of injection administration:
a. Intra muscular (IM)
b. Intra dermal (ID)
c. Intra venous (IV)
d. Sub cutaneous (SC)
e. Intra-arterial (IA)
f. Intra peritoneal (IP).
a. Intramuscular injection (IM):
1. It inserts a number of substances/fluids into the muscles with the syringe
2. The liquid used is usually in small quantities, between 0.5-10 cc
3. Medicines that are often injected the way im: Metoclopramide, Codein, injections of
KB, sorts – various vaccines
4. Location for IM injection:
- Glutea area: Sufferers are welcome to lay
- Deltoid Area: The sufferer can stand or sit
- The thigh area: The sufferer may lie down or sit down.
Intramuscular procedure:
1. Clean the skin of the place to inject with cotton alcohol
2. Hold the skin and muscle area that will be injected and then pour the syringe in
position 90⁰ or perpendicular, the action must be precise and fast
3. Once the needle is fully entered, remove the grip of your hand slowly drag the syringe
pusher and perform aspiration to check if the syringe needle is inserted into the vein or
not. If it appears blood, the needle is immediately revoked and the used puncture area
is pressed with alcohol cotton. Then do the injection in another location using a new
needle.
b. Intradermal injection (ID):
1. It inserts a certain amount of substance/fluid into the layer between the skin and the
syringe
2. The injected fluid is usually in very small quantities 0.1-0.5 cc
3. The medicine is often administered by means of injection intradermal is
costrikosteroid and Mantoux test.
Intradermal procedure:
1. Clean the injection area with cotton alcohol
2. Stretch the skin area to be injected, then pour the tip of the syringe in position 10 ⁰, the
position of the needle hole leading to the upper surface
3. Then position the needle aligned the skin until the needle penetrates the layer between
the stratum corneum
4. The incoming needle length does not need to be completely crushed but adjusted to the
needs
5. If it is convinced that the needle is already between the skin layer, the solution in the
syringe can be injected
6. If the injection position is correct, then the skin surface will appear bulging, such as
fluctuation sign. After all the solutions are injected, the needle is lifted slowly and the
skin of the used puncture is removed using cotton alcohol.

c. Subcutaneous injection (SC):

1. It inserts a number of substances/fluids down the skin with syringes
2. Injected liquids are usually in small quantities
3. Location of the injection:
- In the lower thigh of the front
- In the stomach, the lower umbilicus.
Subcutaneous procedure:
1. Clean the skin where it will be injected with cotton alcohol
2. Hold the skin area that is injected, then pour the tip of the syringe in a tilt position 45⁰
3. If the needle is all in, remove the grip of your hand
4. If you believe that the needle has entered in the Subcutaneus space, the solution in the
syringe can be injected
5. Once the solution is all injected, the needle is removed slowly and the skin of the used
puncture is pressed using the alcohol cotton.
d. Intravenous injection (IV):
1. It inserts a number of substances/fluids into the circulatory system through the veins
with the syringe
2. The effect of substances will rapidly spread to all parts of the sufferer's body, as it
directly enters the blood vessels.
Injection risk (IV):
1. Infection: Mainly by Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans
2. Phlebitis: Irritation of the vein is not due to bacterial infections
3. Infiltration: The injected substance enters the surrounding tissues
4. Embolism: Blood clot, solid mass or air clog the blood vessels, especially in the
administration of the Central IV. As much as 30 ml air can threaten blood circulation.
If at once many, it can damage the pulmonary and life-threatening circulation. Very
large air (3-8 ml/kgBB) can stop the heart.
Intravenous procedure:
1. Palpation of the arm or fossa cubiti to determine the location and choose a vein
2. Install the top sleeved tourniquet cuff
3. Clean the skin of the place to inject with cotton alcohol
4. The injection site is detained with the thumb of the injector, then start the syringe
needle puncture carefully
5. Puncture the syringe needle and then infiltrusr the veins to be punctured
6. Gently pull the syringe lever and do aspiration to check if the syringe needle that we
are right to enter the vein or not
7. If blood appears, the needle has penetrated the vein
8. If it still does not appear blood, follow it successfully
9. If it has appeared blood, release tourniquet and then inject the fluid in the syringe by
pressing the syringe driver gently
10. Once the liquid in the syringe is exhausted, unplug the needle gently then the skin of
the puncture press carefully with the alcohol cotton, then can be covered with plaster.
4. Written the conversation of giving an injection, you must underline the useful expression!

Nurse : Good morning, Sir. I am nurse Alvin, do you feel good today? What’s your
complaint?
Patient : Morning, I felt my body temperature increase.
Nurse : Today you get a schedule of medicine therapy to reduce your body temperature.
Patient : Yes, please.
Nurse : I will give this medicine through intravenous injection through an intravena (IV)
tube.
Patient : How did you do that, Nurse?
Nurse : First, I’ll prepare tools, then I’ll bring the tools next to your bed, then I put on
gloves and inject the medicine into your IV tube, Sir.
Patient : Yes, please do it.
Nurse : I have injected the medicine into your IV line/tube, then just waiting for the
reaction of the medicine to reduce your body temperature. I hope you’ll be better.
Patient : Yes, Nurse. Thank you very much.
Nurse : You’re welcome, Sir.