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    Cryptography

    Uploaded by

    Thenmozhi Ravichandran
    Here are the steps to solve the problem: 1. The digits are: Digits: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Key: 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 2. To encrypt 3416: 3 is at position 7 in the key 4 is at position 8 1 is at position 1 6 is at position 6 So the encrypted text is 2282. 3. To decrypt 2282: 2 is at position 3 in the key 2 is at position 2 8 is at position 4 2 is at position 2 So the decrypted text is 3416. Therefore, the decrypted text after encrypting 34

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    Cryptography

    Uploaded by

    Thenmozhi Ravichandran
    110 views6 pages
    Here are the steps to solve the problem: 1. The digits are: Digits: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Key: 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 2. To encrypt 3416: 3 is at position 7 in the key 4 is at position 8 1 is at position 1 6 is at position 6 So the encrypted text is 2282. 3. To decrypt 2282: 2 is at position 3 in the key 2 is at position 2 8 is at position 4 2 is at position 2 So the decrypted text is 3416. Therefore, the decrypted text after encrypting 34

    Original Title

    cryptography

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    Here are the steps to solve the problem: 1. The digits are: Digits: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Key: 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 2. To encrypt 3416: 3 is at position 7 in the key 4 is at position 8 1 is at position 1 6 is at position 6 So the encrypted text is 2282. 3. To decrypt 2282: 2 is at position 3 in the key 2 is at position 2 8 is at position 4 2 is at position 2 So the decrypted text is 3416. Therefore, the decrypted text after encrypting 34

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    110 views6 pages

    Cryptography

    Uploaded by

    Thenmozhi Ravichandran
    Here are the steps to solve the problem: 1. The digits are: Digits: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Key: 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 2. To encrypt 3416: 3 is at position 7 in the key 4 is at position 8 1 is at position 1 6 is at position 6 So the encrypted text is 2282. 3. To decrypt 2282: 2 is at position 3 in the key 2 is at position 2 8 is at position 4 2 is at position 2 So the decrypted text is 3416. Therefore, the decrypted text after encrypting 34

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Cryptography

    Nothing remains secret???

    The CIA (Central Intelligence agency) may be spying on your


    phone.

    Hackers may steal the balance from your bank account.

    Hackers can break your home surveillance

    Your documents, emails, messages, can be intercepted.

    If you say “I don’t care!!!” for security, you may have to pay big

    Under such circumstances, encryption becomes your best friend


    to Secure your data

    Security

    Two Types:

    1. System security
    2. Communication security

    System security – safeguarding the system from virus attacks,


    malware. Keeping the password protected etc.

    Communication Security – Security that is needed when we pass


    data/information in the network.

    In both scenarios, cryptography is a suitable method to keep the


    data secured.

    Applications of Cryptography

    Nowadays, Browsers use encryption to create secure channels to


    web servers.

    Messaging and email apps encrypt messages before sending them


    to recipients.
    Operating systems encrypt files when storing them on disk.

    Military defense operations

    Online purchases and banking operations

    What is cryptography?

    Encoding the message so that it is understood only by the


    intended recipient

    What is steganography?

    The art of hiding a text in an image is steganography. It is also a


    way of securing our transmission. Eg: In the film Arundhadhi, the
    text is hided in the heroine photograph. This is called as
    steganography.

    Cryptography is one of the most widest used methodology right


    from the olden days to have a secure communication.

    Historical evidences show that even Julius and Ceaser have used
    the cryptographic techniques for the meetings.

    Cryptography - Know these terms:

    Plain text : The user’s readable message

    Cipher text: The encoded message

    Deciphered text: The text retrieved from encoded message

    Encryption: Plain text to cipher text

    Decryption: Cipher text to plain text

    Key: The code used for converting plain to cipher text and back
    again
    Encryption 2 types:

    Symmetric Encryption – Same key used for Encryption (locking)


    and Decryption (unlocking)

    Asymmetric Encryption – 2 keys - One key for locking and other


    will be for unlocking.

    Math behind the Cryptography

    1, Modulo arithmetic – is used for symmetric Encryption

    2, Prime number property – is used for asymmetric encryption

    Modulo arithmetic – “wrap around” effect.

    What is the time in 12 hour format for 13:30 Hrs –1:30 How do
    you got it ??? you subtracted 12 from the 24 Hr format. This is
    called wrap around.

    Generally, Mod is always the remainder…

    5 mod 10 is 5

    20 mod 10 is 0

    13 mod 10 is 3

    Lets take the digits

    Digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    Key= 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2
    3 mod 10 (wrap
    =3 around)
    8+3=11
    11-
    10=1
    In the encoded text, any number is encrypted with the plain text
    + key

    For Example: A number 1828 is represented as 4151 as


    encrypted. This is a simple way. We can choose complicated keys
    also.

    There are many ways of doing this. This is called as algorithms.


    There are some standard algorithms available:

    1. DES/AES – facebook, instagram, twitter


    2. RSA – used in whatsapp
    3. Md5 – gmail – for password storage

    Other algorithms

    4. Elliptic curve
    5. SHA
    6. Diffie-Hellman

    Demo of CCED algorithm

    Simplest version of DES algorithm – used in ATM pin

    We can use different keys for each rounds. For example:

    Digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    Round1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

    Round2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

    Round3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2

    Round4 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
    For the same number: 1828

    Encryption:

    1 is at position 0 in round1 - 0

    8 is at position 6 in round2 -6

    2 is at position 9 in round3 – 9

    8 is at position 4 in round4 – 4

    So the encrypted number for 1828 is 0694

    Decryption

    See what is at positions

    0 – At position 0 in round1 the number is 1

    6 – At position 6 in round2 the number is 8

    9- At position 9 in round3 the number is 2

    4– At position 4 in round4 the number is 8

    So the decrypted number for 0694 is 1828

    Prime Numbers:

    The prime numbers are used in asymmetric encryption


    techniques. Since we need two keys in asymmetric encryption,
    we choose 2 prime numbers, because multiplying two prime
    numbers will give a composite number. But getting the prime
    factors of the composite number and its combination is little
    tedious for the hacker to hack. Hence prime numbers are used in
    asymmetric encryption to increase the complexity level for a
    hacker. RSA and Elliptic curve method uses the prime numbers
    for key generation. The prime numbers are generated using x2-
    x+41.

    Problem to solve

    Plain text – 3416

    Cipher text – After Encryption – 2282

    Decipher text – After Decryption of 2282 is 3416.

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