FENCING, COMPOUND WALL

AND GATE

By Ar. Pranoti Lad

 Fencing
Fencing
•A fence is a structure that encloses an area, typically outdoors, and is usually
constructed from posts that are connected by boards, wire, rails or netting.
•Fence is temporary structure.
•Types of fencing,
a. Chain-link fencing, wire fencing made of wires woven together.
b. Barbed wire fence
c. Wood-panel fencing
d. Hedgerows of intertwined, living shrubs (constructed by hedge laying)
e. Live fencing is the use of live woody species for fences.

Application
•Transformer stations
•Railway lines
•Industrial plants
•Military areas
•Construction sites
•Zoos and wildlife parks
•Open plots
 Chain link Fencing
a. Chain link fencing
•A chain-link fence (also referred to as wire netting, wire-mesh fence, chain-wire
fence, cyclone fence, hurricane fence, or diamond-mesh fence) is a type
of woven fence usually made from galvanized or steel wire.
•Wires run vertically and are bent into a zig-zag pattern to form the
characteristic diamond pattern of size 50 × 50mm.
•Manufacturing of chain-link fencing is called weaving.
•A metal wire is galvanized to reduce corrosion.
•Chain-link fence relatively costs less and the open weave does not obscure
sunlight from either side of the fence hence used in places where cost and view is
major concern and also cheaper than compound wall.

Application
•Parks
•Play grounds
•Schools and campus
•Kennels and stables
•Farms
•Open land and plots
•Water bodies
•Motor ways and highways
Chain-link fencing showing the •Factories and Poultry houses
diamond patterning.
 Chain link Fencing
Chain Link Fence Edge Types
There are three edge types to choose: knuckle - knuckle, twist - twist or knuckle -
twist. Chain link fence with twist will usually add security.
Knuckling - This term is used to describe the type of selvage obtained by
interlocking adjacent pairs of wire ends and then bending the wire ends back into a
closed loop. Usually knuckle is standard unless otherwise stated.
Twisting - This term is used to describe the type of selvage obtained by twisting
adjacent pairs of wire ends together in a closed helix

Green PVC chain link fence with Twist edge Chain Link Fence with Knuckle edge
 Chain link Fencing

Galvanized hot-dipped zinc PVC coated chain link fence also called vinyl coated
coating chain link fence or plastic coated chain link mesh

Coating is produced by
passing the cleaned wire Chain link machine and
through a molten bath of chain link fence Twist edge stainless steel
aluminium metal. Chain Link Fence
 Chain link Fencing
•Chain link fencing shall be woven
from 3.55 mm dia. Steel of good
quality.
•Steel wire shall be dipped
galvanised wire. The line wire
shall be 4 mm dia mild steel.
•Wire shall be circular in section,
free from rust, scale, cuts, welds
and other defects and shall be
uniformly galvanised.
•Stirrup wire for securing the line
wires to the concrete intermediate
posts shall be 2.5 mm diameter
mild steel.
•Tying wire for securing the chain
link fencing to the line wire shall
be 1.6 mm diameter mild steel.
 Chain link Fencing
Points to be considered for fencing-
M.S. POSTS AND STRUTS
•M.S. posts/struts shall be free from rust, scale, cracks, twists and other defects.
•Posts and struts shall have split ends for proper fixing and shall be embedded in
the cement concrete of mix. 1:3:6.
•Exposed surfaces of the posts and struts shall be painted with two coats of
synthetic enamel paint above primer.

R.C.C. POSTS AND STRUTS

•Shall be casted on suitable places/platforms in cement concrete 1:2:4 (1 cement
: 2 coarse sand : 4 graded stone aggregate 12.5 mm. nominal size)
•Posts and struts shall be free from honeycombing, cracks and other defects.
•After casting, the posts/struts shall be left at the same place and cured for a
minimum period of 7 days. After 7 days curing the same shall be shifted to a
levelled ground and stacked for further curing for 14 days. After 21 days of
curing only, the posts/struts shall be transported to work site without any damage,
for fixing in position.
Chain link Fencing
 Chain link Fencing
Points to be considered for fencing-
SPACING OF THE POSTS AND STRUTS
• Spacing of posts shall be 3 m. centre to centre.
•Every 10th posts, last but one end posts, corner posts, and posts where the level of
fencing changes in steps and end post when the fencing changes its direction shall
be strutted on both sides.
•End posts where barbed wire fencing is discontinued shall be strutted on one side
only.
FIXING OF M.S./R.C.C. POSTS AND STRUTS
•Pits of size 45 x 45 x 45 cm. deep or of sizes, shall first be excavated centrally in
the direction of proposed fencing work, true to line and level to receive the posts.
•In case of struts, the pits shall be so excavated, as to receive minimum 15 cm.
concrete cover at any point of the struts to suit its inclination.
•Pits shall be filled with a layer of 15 cm. thick cement concrete. The posts and
struts shall then be placed in the pits, the posts projecting to the specified height
above ground level, true to line, plumb and position, by providing adequate supports
temporarily, and cement concrete of specified mix. Shall then be filled-in so that the
posts are embedded in cement concrete blocks of specified sizes.
•Concrete in foundation shall be watered for at least 7 days to ensure proper curing.
 Chain link Fencing
FIXING OF THE CHAIN LINK FENCING TO M.S. OR R.C.C. POST
•Chain link of specified height of fencing shall be fixed first to the end post with G.I.
approved type U clamps threaded at both the ends and G.I. nut, bolts,
washers etc. and with 6 mm. dia. full height M.S./G.I. anchor bar.
•After fixing the chain link at the end post, it shall be stretched tightly and fixed to
next post one after the other by the above mentioned clamps and bars etc. leaving
50 mm. clearance from the ground and 20 mm. clearance in the case of concrete
coping at bottom to avoid rusting.
The point at the change
in level of the fencing
top/bottom, necessary
links shall be adjusted
suitably.
•Chain link fence shall be
painted with two coats of
synthetic enamel paint,
shade over a coat of
approved primer.
•Work shall be measured
in running metre length
of fencing.
Front side and back side showing jointing of M S angle
 Chain link Fencing

Front side
Left side

Fixing of Chain link to

M S Section
Rear side
 Barbed wire
b. Barbed wire
•Barbed wire is a subsidiary option for chain link.
• Fencing giving high security like Anti climb mesh, and used where the
intent is to keep away the cattle.
•Running wire is usually a 12 gauge / 2.5 mm wire and the barb is a 14
gauge / 2 mm wire.
•12 gauge wire is called the line wire and the 14 gauge wire is called the
barb wire
 Barbed wire
Points to be considered for fencing-
BARBED WIRE
•Barbed wire shall be of M.S. or G.I. and shall generally conform to I.S. 278
-1978.
•Base metal of the line and point wire shall be of good commercial quality
mild steel. The line and point wire shall be circular in section, free from
scales and other defects and shall be uniformly galvanised.
•Line wire shall be in continuous lengths and shall be free from signs of
welds.
•It shall be able to withstand Wrapping and unwrapping 8 turns round its
diameter.
•Shall consist of two splices per reel and shall be formed by twisting two
lines wires one containing the barbs.
•Nominal distance between two barbs shall be 75 to 150 mm.
•Barbs shall carry four points and shall be formed by twisting two point
wires, each two turns, tightly round one line wire, making altogether 4 (four)
complete turns.
Barbs shall have a length of not less than 13 mm. and not more than 18
mm. The points shall be sharp and well pointed.
 Barbed wire
Barbed wire fencing can be of the following types :-
a) Barbed wire fencing with R.C.C. post/struts.
b) Barbed wire fencing with M.S. angle post.
 Barbed wire
a) Barbed wire fencing with R.C.C. post/struts.
Barbed wire
 Barbed wire

Front side and back side showing joining of barbed wire to M S angle with GI U-clip
Barbed wire
Barbed wire

Barbed wire fencing using

wooden supports.
 Barbed wire
a) Barbed wire fencing with R.C.C. post/struts.
Spacing of Posts and Struts
Posts shall be spaced at three metres centres. Every 15thpost, corner posts and
last but one end post shall be strutted on both sides and end post shall be strutted
on one side (inside) only.
Fixing Of Posts And Struts
Pits 450 x 450 mm and 750 mm deep shall be excavated true to line and level to
receive the posts. In case of struts, pits 700 x 450 mm and 750 mm deep shall be
excavated to suit the inclination of the strut so that it is surrounded by concrete by
not less than 150 mm at any point. The pits shall first be filled with a 150 mm layer
of concrete to mix 1:3:6.
Posts and struts shall then be placed in the pits in correct position and with 1.2 m
or the specified height above ground, true to line and position. If the ground is
sloping or undulating the posts shall be placed so that the tops and the positions at
which wires are to be fixed are in a predetermined uniform slope or geometric line
vertically on selected stretches.
Cement concrete of 1:3:6 proportion mix shall then be filled in the pit around the
posts and struts up to a level below ground level of 150 mm for posts and 250 mm
for struts, so that the posts are embedded, in a concrete block 450x450x600 mm
and the struts are embedded in Block "of size 700 x 450 x 500 mm. The concrete in
foundations shall be watered and cured for at least 7 days.
The remaining portion of the pit shall be filled with the excavated earth and well
tamped and dressed on top. Surplus earth will be disposed off.
 Barbed wire
a) Barbed wire fencing with R.C.C. post/struts.
Fixing Of Barbed Wire :
The barbed wire shall be stretched and fixed in specified number of rows, and two
diagonals in each panel. The bottom row shall be 140 mm above ground and the
rest at 125 mm centre to centre, unless otherwise specified in drawing or by the
engineer.
The diagonals shall be stretched adjacent posts from top wire of one post to the
bottom wire of the second post and vice versa. The diagonal wires shall be
interwoven with horizontal wires by fixing the odd rows of wires, then the diagonal
cross wire and lastly even row of wires. The barbed wire shall be held to the
RCC posts by means of Gl staples fixed to wooden plugs or Gl binding wire tied to
the 6 mm bar nibs fixed to the posts while casting them.
•Jointing of the barbed wire in between the posts shall not be permitted.
•Holes should be tapped in the post and the barbed wire shall be fixed in position
by means of 'U' clamps or bolts and nuts.
•In case of fixing with 'U' clamps, the legs of the 'U' clamps passing through the 10
mm. dia. hole in the R.C.C. post to hold barbed wire shall be turned up and down
to get an over-lap of 25 mm. on the face of RCC post.
•Turnbuckles and straining bolts shall be used on end posts. If the posts are
provided with holes at positions of barbed wire, the barbed wire shall be fixed to
posts with Gl wire of approved gauge and passing through the hole.
 Barbed wire
b) Barbed wire fencing with M.S. angle post.
Spacing of posts and struts
The posts shall be spaced at three metres centers, to suit the dimensions of the
area to be fenced. Every 15thpost, corner posts and last but one end post shall be
strutted on both sides and end post shall be strutted on one side (inside) only.
Fixing of posts and struts
Angle iron post at bottom shall be split and banded at right angle in opposite
direction for 100 mm length.
Fixing barbed wire
The barbed wire shall be stretched and fixed in specified number of rows and two
diagonals. The bottom row shall be 140 mm above ground level and the remaining
at 125 mm centre to centre. The diagonal shall be stretched between adjacent
posts from top wire of one post to the bottom wire of the second post and vice
versa in each panel.
The diagonal wire will be interwoven with horizontal layers. The barbed wire shall
be held drilling holes of 10 mm in the post and tied with Gl wires. Turnbuckles and
straining bolts shall be used to tighten the wires at the end posts.
 Barbed wire
b) Barbed wire fencing with M.S. angle post.
Fixing Posts And Struts On Top Of Boundary Walls/Compound walls
Barbed wire fencing may be specified for some heights over boundary walls of
workshops, depots etc. In such cases, the posts shall be made of angle iron which
shall normally be bent at an angle (30° to 45°) to the plane of the wall.
The bottom 300mm length of the posts struts shall be vertical, of which the bottom
most 100 mm length will be split and banded at right angle in opposite direction.
This vertical leg of the post and struts will be fixed on top of boundary wall, leaving
75 mm length above the coping and remaining portion embedded in concrete of
mix 1:2:4 in preformed holes on top of wall, in such a way that there is a minimum
concrete cover of 45mm around.
 Compound wall
•A compound Wall is a solid obstruction which is surrounded an area to give
security to the area and keep privacy inside the building.
•Compound wall is a permanent solution.
•Height of compound wall abutting road should not be more than 1.5 m.
•Height of compound wall all other sides should be less than 1.8 m.
•Shutter of compound wall gate should not open outside on road side.
•2.4 m height of compound wall may be provided for public buildings like industry,
hospitals, etc.
• Can be of load bearing wall with pier footing or of RCC column.
 Gate
•A gate or gateway is a point of entry to a space which is enclosed
by walls.
•Gates may prevent or control the entry or exit of individuals, or they may
be merely decorative.
•A gate may have a latch to keep it from swinging and a lock for security.

Revolving Gate
•Revolving gates serve the
purpose of controlling and
limiting pedestrian traffic in
guarded areas.
•Consists of three or four leaves
that rotate about a central,
vertical pivot within a
cylindrically shaped vestibule.
•Installed in places where no
strict access control is required.
 Gate
Swing Gate
Swing gates opening inward or outward.

Sliding Gate
Sliding Gate is a type of Gate which opens horizontally by sliding, where
by the Gate is either mounted on or suspended from a track.
 Sliding Gate

Arrow showing outside

view of gate

Arrow showing inside

view of gate
Sliding Gate
Swing Gate
Swing Gate

Types of hinges
Compound wall and Gate
Bibliography
•http://www.fencingindia.co.in/what-are-fencing-posts.php
•http://www.chainlinkfencing.org/chainlinkfence/chainlinkfence.html
•IS standard
•CPWD standard